{"id":2,"date":"2023-11-10T04:41:31","date_gmt":"2023-11-10T04:41:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/?page_id=2"},"modified":"2024-08-31T14:34:39","modified_gmt":"2024-08-31T14:34:39","slug":"trang-mau","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Anh &#8211; Vi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2\" class=\"elementor elementor-2\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fa83473 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4fa83473\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c65128a elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-st_button_widget\" data-id=\"c65128a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-st_button_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c3c1e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"4c3c1e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"wpg-list-wrapper wpg-list-wrapper-template-alphabet\"><div class=\"wpg-list-filter-container\"><div class=\"wpg-list-filter\"><span class=\"wpg-list-filter-row\"><a class=\" filter active\" data-filter=\"all\">All<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-a\">A<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-b\">B<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-c\">C<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-d\">D<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-e\">E<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-f\">F<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-g\">G<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-h\">H<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-i\">I<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-j\">J<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-k\">K<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-l\">L<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-m\">M<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-n\">N<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-o\">O<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-p\">P<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-q\">Q<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-r\">R<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-s\">S<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-t\">T<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-u\">U<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-v\">V<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-w\">W<\/a><a class=\" filter-disable\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-x\">X<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-y\">Y<\/a><a class=\" filter\" data-filter=\".wpg-filter-z\">Z<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-search-form wpg-list-search-form-position-below\"><input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u1ea7n tra c\u1ee9u ...\" value=\"\" \/><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list wpg-list-template-three-column\"><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-a mix\" data-filter-base=\"a\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">A<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;A. Kempis Thomas&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Xem m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thomas A. Kempis&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/a-kempis-thomas\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/a-kempis-thomas\/\" >A. Kempis Thomas<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Abba&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Ba, Cha, Ba \u01a0i, Cha \u01a0i)&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Abba l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Aram (A-ram) (A-ram l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 v\u00f9ng Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, Asyri, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Do-th\u00e1i chia \u0111\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ti\u1ebfng g\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 ng\u1eef Babylon &amp; Syria, c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng Hebrew. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong th\u1eddi b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y). Trong ti\u1ebfng Greek c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 (abba, cha \u01a1i!). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n 3 l\u1ea7n trong kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. M\u00e1c ghi l\u1ea1i trong khi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n trong v\u01b0\u1eddn Gh\u1ebft-s\u00ea-ma-n\u00ea (14: 30) v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Phao L\u00f4 d\u00f9ng hai l\u1ea7n (Rom. 8: 15; Gal. 4: 6), l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, mang m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, tha thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi th\u01a1 ng\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con v\u1edbi cha trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abba\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abba\/\" >Abba<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Abeland, Peter (1079\u20131142)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Abe-lan Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1).&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia, thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0. Sinh \u1edf Nantes, Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. Trong tinh th\u1ea7n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c (&lt;em&gt;reality&lt;\/em&gt;) kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng trong hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Trong thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng kh\u00e1c \u00fd v\u1edbi Anselm, \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong Con Ng\u00e0i - Jesus Christ; v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt m\u1edbi, \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;atonement&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 l\u00ed lu\u1eadn (&lt;em&gt;faith and reason&lt;\/em&gt;), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n phong trong n\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c uy\u00ean b\u00e1c (&lt;em&gt;scholar&lt;\/em&gt;) trong th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn l\u00ed tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abeland-peter-1079-1142\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abeland-peter-1079-1142\/\" >Abeland, Peter (1079\u20131142)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Abide&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(\u1ede, Ng\u1ef1, C\u01b0 Ng\u1ee5, S\u1ed1ng \u1ede N\u01a1i N\u00e0o).&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-lap l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;meno&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi 4 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1: (1) &lt;em&gt;Yasal&lt;\/em&gt;: \u1edf trong, (2) &lt;em&gt;Amad&lt;\/em&gt;: \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7; (3) &lt;em&gt;qu\u00e2m:&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean; (4) &lt;em&gt;lin:&lt;\/em&gt; \u1edf, \u1edf l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u1ea1i, \u1edf qua \u0111\u00eam. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n 118 l\u1ea7n. Ri\u00eang c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ph\u00fac \u00e2m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn 40 l\u1ea7n. S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u1edf trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u2013 \u201c&lt;em&gt;H\u00e3y \u1edf trong&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi t\u00e2m linh. C\u00f2n Phao L\u00f4 c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, h\u01a1n 26 l\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch th\u01b0 t\u00edn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abide\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abide\/\" >Abide<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Abomination of Desolation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;G\u1edbm Ghi\u1ebfc T\u00e0n Di\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc (Daniel 8:13; 9:27) nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho s\u1ef1 hoan t\u00e0n, t\u00e0n di\u1ec7t, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u kinh t\u1edfm, g\u1edbm ghi\u1ebft trong d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1\/ ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kinh t\u1edfm c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n di\u1ec7t kinh khi\u1ebfp tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian (Mat. 24:15; Mac 13:14; Luca 13:14 ).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abomination-of-desolation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abomination-of-desolation\/\" >Abomination of Desolation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Abortion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e1 Thai&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t thai nhi trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: (1) s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 thai v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh; (2) s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 thai b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c; v\u00e0 (3) s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 thai c\u1ed1 \u00fd. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1 v\u1edbi 2 g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i \u0111em b\u1ea7u thai ra \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng m\u1eb9; ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 thai nhi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111em ra. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 3 ngo\u00e0i hai l\u00ed do tr\u00ean b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00ed do n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u cho l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft thai nhi. Then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0o? T\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1edbi th\u1ee5 thai, hay thai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ba th\u00e1ng. Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1 thai tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thai nhi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 th\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m, hai gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1 thai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 (v\u00e0 ba n\u00f3) ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a thai nhi khi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 thai (\u0111\u1eadu thai). Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 5 \u201c&lt;em&gt;ch\u1edb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft thai nhi v\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fd do g\u00ec. Ngo\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng ng\u00e0y nay! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta (m\u1eb9) c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n hay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 trong quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh?!! N\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i!?!&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abortion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abortion\/\" >Abortion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Abraham\u2019s Bosom&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00f2ng \u00c1p-ra-ham&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf Luca 16:22-23&lt;em&gt; &quot;ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o La-xa-r\u01a1.&quot;&lt;\/em&gt; La-xa-r\u01a1 sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng \u00c1p-ra-ham. Trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u1edf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh an ngh\u1ec9, vui v\u1ebb t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi nhau trong \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 b\u00e0n ti\u1ec7c \u0103n m\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed3i chung b\u00e0n v\u1edbi \u00c1p-ra-ham, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 (hell). \u00c2m ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u00c1p-ra-ham l\u00e0 hai n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ea3 hai n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf ch\u1edd ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f2a \u00e1n tr\u1eafng l\u1edbn sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi &lt;em&gt;(Kh\u1ea3i 20-21).&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abrahams-bosom\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abrahams-bosom\/\" >Abraham\u2019s Bosom<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Absolute&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 cao c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Tri\u1ebft Gia Aristotle c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi). V\u1ec1 sau, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, tri\u1ebft gia Kant, Hegel, Spinoza, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t bao h\u00e0m, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y khi d\u00f9ng trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t ai kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/absolute\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/absolute\/\" >Absolute<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Absolute Inerrancy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i Kh\u00f4ng Sai L\u1ea7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u1ecfi sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi d\u1eabn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea7m (Inerrancy) \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Masoretic-Hebrew, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 B\u1ea3n B\u1ea3y M\u01b0\u01a1i (Septuagint), Vulgate, Syriac, Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Luther, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c ch\u00fang sao ch\u00e9p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o g\u1ed1c. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o g\u1ed1c n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cm\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u1eeb l\u00fd do h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u00e0o\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tuy nhi\u00ean, Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 L\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi d\u1eabn b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 soi d\u1eabn. Li\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng? Tuy nhi\u00ean, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 L\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao ch\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u1ea3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/absolute-inerrancy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/absolute-inerrancy\/\" >Absolute Inerrancy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Absoluteness Of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi hay S\u1ef1 To\u00e0n H\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\/ tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n\/ tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/absoluteness-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/absoluteness-of-god\/\" >Absoluteness Of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Absolution&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tha T\u1ed9i, Gi\u1ea3i T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha th\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, trong ti\u1ebfng La-tin l\u00e0 absoluo t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1ef1 do. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi Ch\u00faa tha th\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i cho m\u1ed9t ai t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do, \u0111em l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do, hay ban cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 (c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i). S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 \u0111em t\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Do \u0111\u00f3, theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Phao L\u00f4 c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa &lt;em&gt;(Gal. 5)&lt;\/em&gt;. Ri\u00eang gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 ri\u00eang cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/absolution\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/absolution\/\" >Absolution<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Abstinence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ki\u00eang \u0102n, Nh\u1ecbn \u0102n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u1ea3 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea7n C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u1edf L\u00ea-vi-k\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, trong Anh Ng\u1eef c\u00f3 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;fasting&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Trong Vi\u1ec7t Ng\u1eef c\u00f3 hai t\u1eeb: ki\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u1eed, ki\u00eang \u0103n l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbn \u0103n m\u1ed9t hay hai ba ng\u00e0y, c\u00f2n c\u1eed \u0103n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n m\u1ed9t, hai m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 hai v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng. (1) Gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa (L\u00ea 11 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt c\u1eb7p theo), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d &lt;em&gt;(L\u00ea 1:29)&lt;\/em&gt;. (2) B\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n, xin tha th\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh (\u0110a-v\u00edt, Gi\u00f4-\u00c1ch, Gi\u00f4-na, c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri). (3) T\u1ecf b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u Ch\u00faa ban \u00e2n tr\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec (D\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean nh\u1ecbn \u0103n c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u1edfi vua Babyl\u00f4n,..). Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng &lt;em&gt;(Mat. 4,6,9; Mac 2; C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 13,14,15; Gi\u0103ng 19:14).&lt;\/em&gt; Trong th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5, c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadt ki\u00eang c\u1eed \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (S\u00e1ch c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n chung- &lt;em&gt;Book of Common Prayer&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abstinence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abstinence\/\" >Abstinence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Abyss&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed1 Th\u1eb3m Kh\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e1y, V\u1ef1c Th\u1eb3m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed3 l\u1eeda \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, kinh khi\u1ebfp, kh\u00f3c than, r\u00ean si\u1ebft, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed7i. Trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c x\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t l\u1eabn x\u1ea5u, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abyss\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/abyss\/\" >Abyss<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Accommodation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p (Ph\u00f9 H\u1ee3p Kh\u00e1c V\u1edbi H\u1ed7n H\u1ee3p)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 cho s\u1ef1 dung ho\u00e0, ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, th\u1ea7n linh, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin sai l\u1ea7m. Sau n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, bao h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u0103n ho\u00e1 cho th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/accommodation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/accommodation\/\" >Accommodation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Actual Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf \/ K\u1ef7 T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (peccatum actuale) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p (\u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i. T\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb cha m\u1eb9 qua s\u1ef1 sinh ra trong t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i (quae in omnes homines per carnalem generationem derivatur) v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd b\u1ecb l\u00ean \u00e1n l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n (imputatio peccati Adamitici; corruptio hereditaria), ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a vi ph\u1ea1m Lu\u1eadt Th\u00e1nh qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 R\u00f4-ma 5:19 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p. N\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n: &quot;S\u1ef1 vi ph\u1ea1m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i hay b\u00ean trong, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&quot; (Hutter). Luther r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi g\u1ecdi nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\u201d \u201ct\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t,\u201d hay \u201ct\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3,\u201d v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n,\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u201c\u1ea9n trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 suy ngh\u0129 gian \u00e1c n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00f4 \u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ra, kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1eabn b\u1ecb h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i do t\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 t\u00f4ng.\u201d (Formula of Concord, Epit., I, 21.).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i b\u1ecf qua, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i x\u1ea3y ra khi l\u00e0m (agendo) nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u1ea5m, ho\u1eb7c khi b\u1ecf qua (omittendo) nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, Hollaz \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cT\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quay l\u01b0ng, qua m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecf qua, kh\u1ecfi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i (reatus culpae) v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t (reatus poenae).\u201d (Doctr. Theol., tr. 252).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/actual-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/actual-sin\/\" >Actual Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Adiaphora, Adiaphorism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1edfng V\u00f4 Ph\u1ea1t, Truy\u1ec1n B\u1ea3o v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng C\u1ea5m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Tin L\u00e0nh. Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Philip Malanchthan nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd c\u1ea5m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Martin Luther \u0111\u00e3 tranh bi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1577 Formula of Concord &lt;em&gt;(Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ecbnh Th\u1ee9c Concord)&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 nghi, trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 trong ni\u1ec1m tin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/adiaphora-adiaphorism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/adiaphora-adiaphorism\/\" >Adiaphora, Adiaphorism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Adonai&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 Ya-v\u00ea&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem m\u1ee5c (&lt;em&gt;Xm&lt;\/em&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;God \u2013 The Lord&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 L\u00e0 Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;)&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/adonai\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/adonai\/\" >Adonai<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Adoption&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eadn L\u00e0m Con, Con Nu\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa - c\u00f3 hai h\u1ea1ng: D\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean v\u00e0 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201ccon\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;con nu\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn&lt;em&gt; \u201ccon c\u00e1i\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(sons) hay &lt;em&gt;\u201ccon d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (people of God), l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n qua S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng v\u00e0 Phao L\u00f4. T\u1eeb nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m con, con nu\u00f4i trong Hy V\u0103n l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;huiothesia&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Rom. 8:15,23; 9:4; Gal. 4:5; Eph. 1:5&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng, Jesus Christ l\u00e0 Con M\u1ed9t (con sinh ra) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. C\u00f2n ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 con c\u00e1i t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, c\u00f2n Phao L\u00f4 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201ccon nu\u00f4i\u201d,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201ccon k\u1ebf t\u1ef1\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; theo giao \u01b0\u1edbc. Qua s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Hy-l\u1ea1p, S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao L\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 minh \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m con nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 con th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng ngang nhau qua t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00f4 l\u1ec7.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/adoption\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/adoption\/\" >Adoption<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Adoptionism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1eadn L\u00e0m Con, Ngh\u0129a T\u1eef&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m Con khi c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ee9 ba, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 \u1edf Roma b\u1edfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103n B\u1ea7y \u1edf Hermas&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d &lt;em&gt;(Shepherd of Hermas)&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu l\u00e0 b\u1edfi th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng sau khi l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p tem v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 con m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o thi\u00ean t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u1ed1 \u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb \u1edf Roma 799 AD tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Leo III, k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 khai tr\u1eeb gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y. Tuy v\u1eady sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y trong th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 b\u1edfi Abelard, Harnack, trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/adoptionism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/adoptionism\/\" >Adoptionism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Adultery&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e0 D\u00e2m, Ngo\u1ea1i T\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng\/b\u00e0 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c ngo\u00e0i h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n (&lt;em&gt;Xu\u1ea5t 20&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m g\u1edbm ghi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft Ch\u00faa. Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd k\u00ednh th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i t\u00e0 d\u00e2m (nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri). S\u1ef1 gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ea1ch \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai \u00fd tr\u00ean. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n r\u0103n c\u1ea5m con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00ec th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa &lt;em&gt;(Eph.5, 6; I Cor.7; Gal.5).&lt;\/em&gt; Vi\u1ec7c ly d\u1ecb v\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c v\u1ee3 ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u0169ng cho l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i t\u00e0 d\u00e2m &lt;em&gt;(Mat. 5:32, 19:9),&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 ai l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i t\u00e0 d\u00e2m. Ri\u00eang s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Phao L\u00f4 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n, v\u00ec h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n dung &lt;em&gt;\u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf; do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i trong s\u1ea1ch x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1edd (theo) m\u1ed9t ai kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/adultery\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/adultery\/\" >Adultery<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Advent&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ebfn, Tr\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee3i, K\u1ef3 V\u1ecdng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u00e0y gi\u00e1ng l\u00e2m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n x\u1eed k\u1ebb ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cM\u00f9a V\u1ecdng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. M\u00f9a V\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u00eang \u0103n, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3n l\u1ec5. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng, ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/advent\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/advent\/\" >Advent<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Advent of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1ng L\u00e2m C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Crit-t\u00f4&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;\u2013 Second Coming&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;of Jesus Christ &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 T\u00e1i L\u00e2m L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Hai)&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/advent-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/advent-of-christ\/\" >Advent of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Adventism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd Gi\u00e1ng L\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng Crit-t\u00f4 \u0111ang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cai tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i chung, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i l\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa; tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1830\u2019s do William Miller m\u1ed9t M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 B\u00e1p-t\u00edt \u1edf New York. M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Miller \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Crit-t\u00f4 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1843-1844. \u00d4ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y 22\/10\/1844 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn. Trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3, t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ec1 t\u1ef1u l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n l\u1edbn\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Sau s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y Miller v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00f4ng \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ai n\u1eefa. T\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec l\u00f2ng y\u00eau Ch\u00faa nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn. Hiram Edson l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o k\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0 Ellen G. Harmon. V\u1ec1 sau, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0y &lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng; do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o &lt;em&gt;\u201cCh\u00faa gi\u00e1ng l\u00e2m\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(adventist movement) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean hai gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi Advent Christian Church &lt;em&gt;(Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ Ph\u1ee5c L\u00e2m)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 Seventh-day Adventists (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Sa-b\u00e1t Ph\u1ee5c L\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;). Sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn II, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/adventism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/adventism\/\" >Adventism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Advocate&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Bi\u1ec7n H\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u00eanh V\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Holy Spirit &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh).&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/advocate\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/advocate\/\" >Advocate<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Aeon&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Ages (&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i, Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/aeon\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/aeon\/\" >Aeon<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Aesthetic, Christian view of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1i M\u1ef9 \u0110\u1eb9p Theo Quan \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c hay l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00e1i m\u1ef9 trong ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Cris-t\u00f4 (&lt;em&gt;Jesus Christ&lt;\/em&gt;). Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00e1i m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gi\u00ea-su Cris-t\u00f4 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia Plato - Socrates \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb9p (c\u00e1i m\u1ef9) c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, k\u1ef3 quan c\u00e1c t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i m\u1ef9 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia trong gi\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c (g&lt;em&gt;nostic)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, v\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 J. Calvin, T. Jacques, I. Kant, F. Hegel). Ng\u00e0y nay trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong b\u00e0i Ch\u00fac Ph\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t l\u1ec5 c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i m\u1ef9 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/aesthetic-christian-view-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/aesthetic-christian-view-of\/\" >Aesthetic, Christian view of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Affiction&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110au Kh\u1ed5, \u0110au \u0110\u1edbn C\u00f9ng C\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Pain&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/affiction\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/affiction\/\" >Affiction<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Affusion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tha T\u1ed9i, R\u1eeda T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Baptism&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/affusion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/affusion\/\" >Affusion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Agape&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Y\u00eau, T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Y\u00eau&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Love&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/agape\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/agape\/\" >Agape<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Age of Accountability&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0o! Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p hay t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn (vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m...). N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan, \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau; do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 12 tu\u1ed5i; ph\u00eda lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb 18 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed9i, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p. Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/age-of-accountability\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/age-of-accountability\/\" >Age of Accountability<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Age, ages&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tu\u1ed5i, Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i, Ni\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i, Kho\u1ea3ng Th\u1eddi Gian&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng chung ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1: &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;\u00d4-lam&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hay trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. T\u1ec9 d\u1ee5:&lt;em&gt; \u201cdays of antiquity\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a c\u0169) \u00fd th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&lt;em&gt; \u201cGod of antiquity\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Gen. 21:33; Isai. 40:28; Jer.10:10)&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a) hay l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u0129nh c\u1eefu, mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(everlasting, eternity). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u1edf s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u &lt;em&gt;ages&lt;\/em&gt; \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;aion&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (nh\u1eefng &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Olam-heb&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh &lt;em&gt;\u201cfrom the age\u201d (Luk. 1:20; John 9:32; Acts 15:18)&quot; &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u &lt;em&gt;ages&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;aion&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; c\u0169ng th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng mang \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (&lt;em&gt;cosmos&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (&lt;em&gt;world&lt;\/em&gt;), li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/age-ages\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/age-ages\/\" >Age, ages<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Agnosticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed B\u1ea5t Tri Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc trong th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean v\u00e0i tr\u0103m n\u0103m. Kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c (&lt;em&gt;gnostists&lt;\/em&gt;) y\u00eau th\u00edch lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi tri\u1ebft gia Zeno (50 BC). Tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 n\u00f3i chung t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;gnosticism&lt;\/em&gt;, cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 qua s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan, th\u00f4ng minh, suy lu\u1eadn, hay th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m trong hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng ngay sau khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 qua Ch\u00faa Jesus, qua Gi\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft; do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t tri lu\u1eadn (&lt;em&gt;agnosticism&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Trong TK kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc sau n\u00e0y trong th\u1eddi lu\u1eadn l\u00ed &lt;em&gt;(age of reason&lt;\/em&gt;), T. A. Haxley, I. Kant, D. Hume \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1eady s\u00f3ng qua h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, l\u00ed lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin. C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 (&lt;em&gt;v\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;th\u00ec \u00edt&lt;\/em&gt;) kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/agnosticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/agnosticism\/\" >Agnosticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Agriola, Johann&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Agriola, Johann&lt;\/strong&gt; (1494\u20131566). L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Martin Luther, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Luther \u0111\u00f3ng 95 \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u1edf Wittenburg n\u0103m 1517. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y b\u1ea3n \u00e1n &lt;em&gt;\u201cD\u1ee9t Ph\u00e9p Th\u00f4ng C\u00f4ng\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng n\u0103m 1520, l\u00e0m th\u01b0 k\u00fd bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb tranh lu\u1eadn \u1edf Leipzig n\u0103m 1519. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Luther trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u1edf Frankfurt n\u0103m 1525, l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf Eisleben v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc \u1edf Wittenburg n\u0103m 1536. V\u1ec1 sau \u00f4ng gi\u1eef quan \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Luther, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00fac \u00e2m. Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tranh lu\u1eadn cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/agriola-johann\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/agriola-johann\/\" >Agriola, Johann<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Aids, Gift of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed1 Th\u00ed, D\u00e2ng Hi\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Spiritual Gifts&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; (\u00c2n T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh Linh).&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/aids-gift-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/aids-gift-of\/\" >Aids, Gift of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Alain&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alain&lt;\/strong&gt; (kh.735-804). M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong th\u1eddi vua Ph\u00e1p Charlemage. Sinh \u1edf Anh nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf New York. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp g\u1eb7p vua Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n cho vua. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean Gi\u00e1m H\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Tu Vi\u1ec7n St. Martin Of\u00a0 Tour, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u Tu S\u0129 v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o S\u0129 th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. V\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc &lt;em&gt;(Christology),&lt;\/em&gt; ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft &lt;em&gt;\u201cnh\u1eadn l\u00e0m con\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia Spanit Elipandus of Toledo v\u00e0 Felix of Ungle. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u1edf gi\u1ea3i kinh, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m tu ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Latin Vulgate Bible, hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n kinh r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alain\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alain\/\" >Alain<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Albertus Magus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Albert the Great, &lt;\/em&gt;(1193\u20131228).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng (&lt;em&gt;Golden Age of Scholasticism&lt;\/em&gt;). Albert \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u1ec1n th\u1ebf, tr\u1edf n\u00ean tu s\u0129 (1223), v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Cologne, n\u01a1i Thomas Aquina c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng tu h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Paris v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u0103m 1245-1248. V\u1ec1 sau, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Cologne l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00f2ng tu Dominicans v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Regensburg (1260-1262). Trong tu\u1ed5i h\u01b0u, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, d\u1ecbch s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Peter Lombard, Ti\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ti\u00ean Tri (Th\u00e1nh Kinh), s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft Gia Aristotle, dung ho\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Thomas Aquina, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u00fd th\u1ee9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Aristotle. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&quot;Albert the Great&quot; &lt;\/em&gt;(Albert V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/albertus-magus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/albertus-magus\/\" >Albertus Magus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Albright, William Foxwell&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Albright, William Foxwell&lt;\/strong&gt; (1891-1971). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc John Hopkins University (1928 - 1958). \u00d4ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o S\u0129 Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed, sinh ra trong c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Chili, thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eadt tay tr\u00e1i. D\u1ea7u v\u1eady, \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t ch\u0103m h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng C\u1eed Nh\u00e2n (BA) \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Upper Iowa University, v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 (Ph.D) \u1edf John Hopkins v\u00e0o 1916. Th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c mi\u1ec1n C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng (Near East) nh\u1edd qua t\u1edd b\u00e1o &lt;em&gt;Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research&lt;\/em&gt;. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy n\u1ec1n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Th\u00e1nh Kinh ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i kinh th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;History, Archaeology and Christian Humanism.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/albright-william-foxwell\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/albright-william-foxwell\/\" >Albright, William Foxwell<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Alexander of Hales&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alexander of Hales&lt;\/strong&gt; (kh. 1170\u20131245). Sinh \u1edf Anh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i University of Paris. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1221. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Angustine v\u00e0 Aquinas v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Aristotle.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alexander-of-hales\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alexander-of-hales\/\" >Alexander of Hales<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Alexander, Samuel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alexander, Samuel &lt;\/strong&gt;(1859-1938). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia Do Th\u00e1i, sinh \u1edf Sydney, \u00dac, c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc \u1edf Oxford. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t (emergent evolution). \u00d4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a th\u1ea7n, tin r\u1eb1ng &lt;em&gt;\u201cthi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. \u00d4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n sinh. B\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh \u201cS&lt;em&gt;pace- time and Deity&lt;\/em&gt; (1920) n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 dung ho\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Morral Order and Progress (&lt;\/em&gt;1906), &lt;em&gt;Spinoza and Time&lt;\/em&gt; (1926&lt;em&gt;), Beauty and Other From of Value&lt;\/em&gt; (1933).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alexander-samuel\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alexander-samuel\/\" >Alexander, Samuel<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Alexandia, Archibald&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alexandia, Archibald&lt;\/strong&gt; (1772-1851). Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng Virginia, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, sau tr\u1edf n\u00ean Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Hampden Sidney College (1796\u20131807). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 \u1edf Philadelphia v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. B\u1ed9 ba n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 Charles Hodge, Archibald Alexander v\u00e0 B. B. Warfield trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (Reform), v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh trong vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i kinh v\u0103n.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alexandia-archibald\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alexandia-archibald\/\" >Alexandia, Archibald<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Alexandria Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Alexandria&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Origen v\u00e0 Clement of Alexandria. C\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Y\u1ebfu Ch\u1ec9 (Catechetical School) kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 190. V\u1ec1 sau, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t huy trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, Logos, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o. N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Arius v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Constantine trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Nicaea n\u0103m 325, duy tr\u00ec ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 Con duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. N\u00f3i chung, n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc Alexandria \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alexandria-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alexandria-theology\/\" >Alexandria Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Allegory&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u1ee5 Ng\u00f4n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn, m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y Th\u00e1nh Kinh ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u1ee5 Ng\u00f4n hay d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;rabi of Judaism&lt;\/em&gt;) gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (c\u1ea5m) d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y (Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n). Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p linh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 (&lt;em&gt;parables).&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/allegory\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/allegory\/\" >Allegory<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Alleine, Joseph&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alleine, Joseph&lt;\/strong&gt; (1634\u20131668). \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Anh, h\u1ecdc \u1edf Oxford Lincoln College, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia John Owen v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Thanh Gi\u00e1o n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a John v\u00e0 Charles Wesley. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00e1i Sinh\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng T\u00e1i Sanh\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Cu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i I &lt;em&gt;(Great Awakenning I&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Anh Qu\u1ed1c sau \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng Alleine c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Richard Baxter trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Thanh Gi\u00e1o. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cAlarm to the Unconverted (1672)\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean George Whitefield v\u00e0 Charles Spurgeon.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alleine-joseph\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alleine-joseph\/\" >Alleine, Joseph<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Allowance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ec3, Cho X\u1ea3y Ra&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra h\u01a1n l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p x\u1ea3y ra.\u00a0 Ng\u1ea7m \u00fd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i &quot;cho ph\u00e9p&quot; \u0111\u1ec3 &quot;c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m&quot; tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c. &lt;em&gt;Th\u00ed d\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;: E-va \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u1ea5m, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi r\u0103n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &quot;cho ph\u00e9p&quot; x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 &quot;\u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra,&quot; v\u00ec l\u00ed do d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u0110CT cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do (ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n) l\u00e0m theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/allowance\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/allowance\/\" >Allowance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Almighty&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec1n N\u0103ng, M\u1ea1nh S\u1ee9c, V\u1ea1n Qu\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;God \u2013 The Lord&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi- L\u00e0 Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;)&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/almighty\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/almighty\/\" >Almighty<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Alms, Almsgiving&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed1 Th\u00ed, Cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngh\u00e8o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ban cho, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed hay ban b\u1ed1 cho m\u1ed9t ai \u1edf trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Trong tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c ban cho \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y khuy\u00ean n\u00ean l\u00e0m, b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 nh\u01a1n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 h\u01a1n 13 l\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. T\u1eeb b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;eleemosyme)&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 c\u1ee5m g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;eleos\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb). Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc t\u1eeb n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c &lt;em&gt;\u201csedeg\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, righteous), v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 trong Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1eddi S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4, Gia-c\u01a1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y nay, s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebd h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n, ri\u00eang trong H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t cao.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alms-almsgiving\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alms-almsgiving\/\" >Alms, Almsgiving<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Alpha and Omega&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1eef \u03b1 v\u00e0 \u2126 c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu T\u1ef1 Hy-l\u1ea1p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1eef A v\u00e0 Z, l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea7n m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 chung a, b, c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Hy L\u1ea1p, R\u00f4- ma v\u00e0 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o ch\u1eef n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 &lt;em&gt;(I S\u00e1ng 44:6),&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng V\u0129nh C\u1eefu, \u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ch\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng 3 l\u1ea7n trong s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 1:8, 21:6, 22:13.\u00a0 N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh uy quy\u1ec1n cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 Sau C\u00f9ng, \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o v\u00e0 K\u1ebft Th\u00fac. Trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa ng\u00e0y nay, hai t\u1eeb \u03b1 v\u00e0 \u2126 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0n n\u0103m ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t trong l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alpha-and-omega\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/alpha-and-omega\/\" >Alpha and Omega<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Altar&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e0n Th\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf, t\u1ebf t\u1ef1, thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong th\u1eddi C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;mizbeal&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;: n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft con v\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u00ean Ch\u00faa, n\u01a1i t\u1ebf hy sinh. Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p (NT): &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;bomos &lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng 17:23&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc khi N\u00f4-\u00ea c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1 Ch\u00faa (&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ng 8:20&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ebfn \u00c1p-ra-ham (&lt;em&gt;22:1-3&lt;\/em&gt;), r\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n sau n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi M\u00f4i-se \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa &lt;strong&gt;Ya-v\u00ea&lt;\/strong&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va\u201d,&lt;\/em&gt; ph\u00e1n b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng x\u00e2y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u01a1i d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ng\u00e0i. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u00e0n th\u1edd n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quan x\u00e9t (&lt;em&gt;Xu\u1ea5t 20:24; Gi\u00f4 8:30, C\u00e1c Quan 6:24, Sam. 17:17tt.&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng hay v\u00e0ng. V\u1ec1 sau b\u00e0n th\u1edd n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. Trong s\u00e1ch Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i d\u00e2ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh tr\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i 6:9; 8:3; 9:13; 14:18&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong s\u00e1ch H\u00eab 13:10 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 b\u00e0n ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u00e0n th\u1edd c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa (&lt;em&gt;ICor. 10:21&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i chung, sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn nay, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 b\u00e0n th\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qua b\u00e0n ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/altar\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/altar\/\" >Altar<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Althaus, Paul (1888-1966)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, sinh \u1edf Obershagen, Hannover, con c\u1ee7a Paul Althaus (l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng). V\u1ec1 sau \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01a1i cha, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Luther-Gesellschaft n\u0103m 1926. \u00d4ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi th\u1ebf m\u1ea1t thuy\u1ebft &lt;em&gt;(eschatology&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m t\u00edn l\u00fd Luther v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (&lt;em&gt;faiths and facts&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Cris-t\u00f4 nh\u00e2n (Christian ethics). \u00d4ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng k\u00edch b\u1edfi K. Barth v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean &lt;em&gt;(natural theology),&lt;\/em&gt; b\u1edfi R. Bultmann v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed &lt;em&gt;(faith and history&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng c\u0169ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho Hitler l\u00ean n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u1edf kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/althaus-paul-1888-1966\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/althaus-paul-1888-1966\/\" >Althaus, Paul (1888-1966)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ambrose (kh. 340\u2013397)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u00d4ng sinh ra trong d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c qu\u00ed ph\u00e1i \u1edf R\u00f4ma, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu (&lt;em&gt;Christian&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong th\u1eddi v\u00e0ng son c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Athanasius, Hilary v\u00e0 Augustine. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n cao trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, gi\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La-tinh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft Arianism. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay: &lt;em&gt;\u201cO Spendor of God\u2019s Glory; O Trinity Most Blessed Light.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; V\u1ec1 sau, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ca ng\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1edfi d\u00f2ng tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ambrose-kh-340-397\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ambrose-kh-340-397\/\" >Ambrose (kh. 340\u2013397)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Amen&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;A-men. Qu\u1ea3 Th\u1eadt Nh\u01b0 V\u1eady, Ch\u1eafc Ch\u1eafn, Th\u1eadt V\u1eady, Xin Th\u1eadt L\u00f2ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1, tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cqu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e1ng tin, th\u1eadt v\u1eady\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;aman&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, duy tr\u00ec, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c &lt;em&gt;\u201cQu\u1ea3 Th\u1eadt, Ch\u1eafc Ch\u1eafn V\u1eady\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. C\u00f3 2 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng: (1) Amen: V\u00e2ng, qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, xin Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (&lt;em&gt;cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i Ch\u00fac Ph\u01b0\u1edbc: Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea1nh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gia-v\u00ea mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi \u2013 Thi 41:13; 72:19..&lt;\/em&gt;.), v\u00e0 (2) Amen: Xin trung th\u00e0nh, t\u1eadn t\u00e2m, trong khi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa hay c\u00e1c vua &lt;em&gt;(I Vua 1:36&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n (1)Amen: C\u1ea7u xin \u00fd Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, xin \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Hi\u1ec7n \u0111a s\u1ed1 d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/amen\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/amen\/\" >Amen<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;American Puritanism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Thanh Gi\u00e1o Hoa K\u1ef3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Anh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Thanh Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh sang Hoa K\u1ef3 (v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;), qua c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Ch\u00fang. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf New England, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Anh \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Thanh Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Calvin \u0111i song song t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/american-puritanism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/american-puritanism\/\" >American Puritanism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ames, William (1576\u20131633)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1i Thanh Gi\u00e1o &lt;em&gt;(Puritan&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Cambrigde v\u00e0 Christ\u2019s College. T\u1eeb khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Thanh Gi\u00e1o, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a W. Perkins, \u00f4ng t\u1ecf ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi Anh, \u0111i v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Netherlands (&lt;em&gt;\u00c1i-nh\u0129-lan&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1i Thanh Gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1i Arminianism (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o c\u1ee7a Anh. \u00d4ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong ph\u00e1i Thanh Gi\u00e1o Anh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang (&lt;em&gt;Congregational Church, 1632&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng chia c\u1eaft (separatism). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin, \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m trong ni\u1ec1m tin theo Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ames-william-1576-1633\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ames-william-1576-1633\/\" >Ames, William (1576\u20131633)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Amsdorf, Nicholas von (1483\u20131565)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u00d4ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Saxony, h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u1edf Wittenberg, \u0111\u1eadu cao h\u1ecdc thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o n\u0103m 1504. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n v\u1edbi Luther. Khi Luther \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, tranh lu\u1eadn \u1edf gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb Leipzig 1519, v\u00e0 Worms 1521 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap Luther trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ra ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c. V\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin, \u00f4ng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn \u201c&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c C\u00f3 H\u1ea1i Cho S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Luther. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau, c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia theo Luther \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/amsdorf-nicholas-von-1483-1565\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/amsdorf-nicholas-von-1483-1565\/\" >Amsdorf, Nicholas von (1483\u20131565)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Amyraut, Moise (1595\u20131664)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Protestant&lt;\/em&gt;) Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Bourgueil v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u1edf Saumer, Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eadu b\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt (1616), b\u1edfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh \u1edf Saumer, v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Calvin, quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;Institutes&lt;\/em&gt;. Sau \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m theo \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (&lt;em&gt;Reformed&lt;\/em&gt;) \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n vua Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quy\u1ec1n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng theo Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (Tin L\u00e0nh). \u00d4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 trong t\u00edn l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Calvin. V\u1ec1 sau, \u00f4ng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7t mi\u1ec5n (free grace) cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (universal grace). Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a t\u00edn l\u00ed Calvin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/amyraut-moise-1595-1664\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/amyraut-moise-1595-1664\/\" >Amyraut, Moise (1595\u20131664)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Anabaptists&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e0m B\u00e1p-tem L\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m b\u00e1p-tem l\u1ea1i, khi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng x\u01b0ng tin nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o C\u01a1n Th\u1ee9c T\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;Great Awakening I&lt;\/em&gt;) cho ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Luther v\u00e0 Zwingli \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129. V\u1ec1 sau, ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0 trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u0111en c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u1ef9 lu\u1eadt theo n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u1eafc khe. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Meno Simono (ch\u1ebft 1561). Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tu ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c ni\u1ec1m tin b\u00e1p-tem l\u1ea1i. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Baptist n\u00f3i chung c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anabaptists\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anabaptists\/\" >Anabaptists<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Analogy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00ed Lu\u1eadn Lo\u1ea1i Suy \u2013 Lu\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn l\u00ed so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (similar), kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n kh\u00e1c nhau hay gi\u1ed1ng nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi linh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. Qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c si\u00eau h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c gi\u00e1 hay ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 &lt;em&gt;(intrinsic v\u00e0 extrinsic&lt;\/em&gt;), do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i kinh ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/analogy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/analogy\/\" >Analogy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Analogy of Being&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00ed Lu\u1eadn Lo\u1ea1i Suy H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;objects&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 being, c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (&lt;em&gt;God&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 Being.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/analogy-of-being\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/analogy-of-being\/\" >Analogy of Being<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Analogy of Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed Lo\u1ea1i Suy \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng qua lu\u1eadn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p l\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u00ed hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c &lt;em&gt;\u201cm\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee9c tin\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (measure of faith) hay &lt;em&gt;\u201ct\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (proportion of faith), d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf Roma 12:6. Ai c\u00f3 \u00e2n t\u1ee9 n\u00e0o th\u00ec x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ti\u00ean tri, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, rao gi\u1ea3ng.v.v...V\u1ec1 sau, trong d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y linh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i kinh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Augustine, s\u1ef1 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u1ee3p l\u00ed th\u00ec nh\u1eadn, v\u00f4 l\u00ed th\u00ec lo\u1ea1i ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3, M. Luther lu\u1eadn l\u00ed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, d\u00f9ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c tin qua truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Origen, Irenaeus, Tertullian v\u00e0 Jerome ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n lu\u1eadn l\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c tin d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng sai l\u1ea1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/analogy-of-faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/analogy-of-faith\/\" >Analogy of Faith<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Anathema&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;A-na-them&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(Xem m\u1ee5c Curse). Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch, ch\u1ec9 phi\u00ean \u00e2m (&lt;em&gt;A-na-them&lt;\/em&gt;), \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, kh\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n, kh\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfp, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anathema\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anathema\/\" >Anathema<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Andover Controversy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u1edf cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 (1886\u20131892) gi\u1eefa ban Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Andover Theolosical Seminary v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Calvin \u1edf New England \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do, do gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;Unitarianism&lt;\/em&gt;), xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Harvard. D\u1ea7u v\u1eady, b\u1ed5n tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 E. A. Park v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u, tr\u01b0\u1eddng Andover n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 do.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/andover-controversy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/andover-controversy\/\" >Andover Controversy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Andreae, James (1528\u20131590)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 m\u00f4n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Tubingen, \u0110\u1ee9c. Th\u1ee7a thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u1edf Stuttgart, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Tubingen. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o ph\u00e1i Luther \u1edf Wurttemberg, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Formula of Control (1577). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00edn l\u00ed v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Luther. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1ed3m &lt;em&gt;\u201cA Short and Simple Statement Concerning the Lord\u2019s Supper\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(1557)&lt;em&gt;, &lt;\/em&gt;tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00edn l\u00ed ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cSix Christian Sermons\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(1573)&lt;em&gt;,&lt;\/em&gt; nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luhter sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/andreae-james-1528-1590\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/andreae-james-1528-1590\/\" >Andreae, James (1528\u20131590)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Angelican Communion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7p Th\u00f4ng hay L\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ed3ng Hi\u1ec7p Th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Danh x\u01b0ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, do m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp Anh Gi\u00e1o \u1edf v\u00f9ng Canterbury g\u1ed3m: Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c, T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c, Gi\u00e1o S\u0129, Th\u1ea7y L\u1ec5. H\u1ecd h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed7i m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1867 t\u1ea1i Lambeth Conference \u1edf Lu\u00e2n-\u0111\u00f4n. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecd c\u1eed l\u1ec5 th\u1ee5 phong cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc, th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng, th\u1ea7y l\u1ec5 (&lt;em&gt;clergy&lt;\/em&gt;), m\u1ee5c s\u0129 (&lt;em&gt;laity&lt;\/em&gt;) trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o X\u1ee9, trong tinh th\u1ea7n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc hi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u00edn h\u1eefu. V\u1ec1 sau, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch &lt;em&gt;\u201cBook of Comon Prayer\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u00e1ch L\u1ec5 C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n Chung) \u0111\u00e3 ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Anh Gi\u00e1o \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn nay. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho l\u1ec5 l\u1ed9c, ni\u1ec1m tin, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. (Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1549 v\u00e0 1552 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;Prayer Books&lt;\/em&gt; (Nh\u1eefng S\u00e1ch C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/angelican-communion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/angelican-communion\/\" >Angelican Communion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Anger&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1eadn, C\u01a1n Gi\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 t\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u1eef &lt;em&gt;\u201cl\u1ed7 mu\u1ed7i\u201d, \u201ch\u01a1i th\u1edf\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cc\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u1ea1nh\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201cl\u1ed7 mu\u1ed7i\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;orge&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;thumos&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u00fd th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e2u&lt;em&gt; \u201cgi\u1eadn m\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. \u00dd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi gi\u1eadn v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n k\u00e8m theo gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo nh\u01b0 giao \u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa l\u1eadp n\u00ean. C. H. Dodd, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, cho r\u1eb1ng &lt;em&gt;\u201cc\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho c\u00e1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u0169ng t\u1ecf ra gi\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0i gi\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t (&lt;em&gt;Mac 10:12, Mat.16, 23&lt;\/em&gt;). Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u00edch k\u1ef7, tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9. Ch\u00faa gi\u1eadn v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng bao dung, v\u1ecb tha, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng gi\u1eadn. S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao L\u00f4 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn, \u00f4ng khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef qua \u0111\u00eam. Khi gi\u1eadn ch\u1edb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i &lt;em&gt;(\u00caph 4:26; Col 3:6-8; Gal 5:20).&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anger\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anger\/\" >Anger<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Angle&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;angleos&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (Hy-l\u1ea1p), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (messenger). Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i chung t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn sinh th\u1ec3 \u1edf tr\u00ean cao, do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi sai ph\u00e1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf S\u00e1ng 3:24 (&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 Che-ru-bin&lt;\/em&gt;), thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. R\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u1edf su\u1ed1t C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc: S\u00e1ng 16:9, Gi\u00f3p 1, 5, 38, Thi 29, 82, 103, 148. V\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u1edf Mat. 1, 13, 28; Luca 7, 9, 15; Mac 1, Heb.1, 2; Khai 1, 4, 5, 21... Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ean c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 Che-ru-bin &lt;em&gt;(S\u00e1ng 3:24&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0111\u1ec3 canh gi\u1eef v\u01b0\u1eddn \u00ca-\u0111en. Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 Mi-ch\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;\u0110a-ni-\u00ean 12:1&lt;\/em&gt;), thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 l\u1edbn l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 Gab-ri-\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;Lu 1:26&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1o tin cho b\u00e0 Mari khi c\u00f3 thai. Trong ngu\u1ef5 kinh (&lt;em&gt;apocryphal&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 Ra-pha-\u00ean, U-ri-\u00ean v\u00e0 Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi-\u00ean. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u00ca-sai 14, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Lu-ci-fer. Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;ng\u00f4i sao mai s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 Lu-ci-fer \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng k\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb th\u00f9 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u00ean x\u00fai d\u1ee5c, c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Ni\u1ec1m tin t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia \u0111\u1ebfn nay, thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3\u201d t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc theo Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u1edf Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 trong Ng\u00f4i N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ng\u00e0i. Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9: &lt;em&gt;Angelology&lt;\/em&gt; (thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 h\u1ecdc).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/angle\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/angle\/\" >Angle<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Anglo Catholicism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Anh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1edbi d\u00e0nh cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o &lt;em&gt;(Church of England)&lt;\/em&gt;. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o (Catholicism), nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng. Nh\u00ecn chung, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 GH Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oxford \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;modified&lt;\/em&gt;), trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c nghi l\u1ec5, t\u00edn l\u00ed, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed GH Anh Gi\u00e1o nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00ed nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch, l\u1ec5 l\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y l\u1ec5 (&lt;em&gt;clergy&lt;\/em&gt;) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u0129 (&lt;em&gt;laity&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch c\u1eed l\u1ec5 tr\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anglo-catholicism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anglo-catholicism\/\" >Anglo Catholicism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Annihilationism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft H\u01b0 V\u00f4, Kh\u00f4ng Kh\u00f4ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c Latin &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;nihil&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;nothing&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft bao quanh \u00fd ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau: (1) con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 h\u01b0 v\u00f4, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t sau khi ch\u1ebft; (2) V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi chia ra ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn\/c\u1ee9u; v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed1n h\u01b0 v\u00f4; (3) r\u1eb1ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t t\u1eed khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. V\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u1ea5t T\u1eed, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (&lt;em&gt;I Tim. 6:16, 1:17&lt;\/em&gt;), Ng\u00e0i ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng (&lt;em&gt;gift&lt;\/em&gt;) b\u1ea5t t\u1eed qua s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ &lt;em&gt;(Roma 2:7; C\u00f4ng 3:16; II Tim. 1:10&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u0103ng 15:1-11; 17:3&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong ni\u1ec1m tin chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cai qu\u1ea3n to\u00e0n c\u1ecfi t\u1eeb v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;c\u00f3, th\u00e2n x\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (&lt;em&gt;v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, t\u00e2m linh&lt;\/em&gt;), s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m; do \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 h\u01b0 v\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh (&lt;em&gt;destiny&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng hay \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u1ee5c. Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 h\u01b0 v\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/annihilationism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/annihilationism\/\" >Annihilationism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Anoint, Anointing&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u1ede mi\u1ec1n C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay v\u1eadt l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0m cho th\u01a1m, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, ho\u1eb7c \u01b0\u1edbp hay li\u1ec7m x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ri\u00eang d\u1ea7u \u00d4-liu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u \u0103n, hay thoa da sau khi t\u1eafm. Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y &lt;em&gt;(Ruth. 3:3, \u00ca-x\u00ea. 16, 9; Dan. 13:17; Thi 104:15; Mac 6:13; Luca 10:34)&lt;\/em&gt;. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n khi Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ec5 X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, L\u1ec5 X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 do c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf c\u1eed h\u00e0nh trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd n\u01a1i th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t ai, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ra th\u00e1nh, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh cho Ch\u00faa. \u0110em d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u1ec1n\/b\u00e0n th\u1edd, x\u1ee9c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e0n, t\u1ee7, trong \u0111\u1ec1n d\u00e2ng l\u00ean Ch\u00faa &lt;em&gt;(Xu\u1ea5t 30:22-33; 40:10-11&lt;\/em&gt;). X\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00ea-vi (&lt;em&gt;Xu\u1ea5t 28:40-42; 29:1)&lt;\/em&gt;. X\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u th\u1ee5 phong l\u00e0m ti\u00ean tri (&lt;em&gt;I S\u1eed 19:16&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; \u00ca&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;-&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;sai 6:11&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u1ec5 X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00f4n phong l\u00e0m vua (&lt;em&gt;I Sa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; 10:1; 16:13&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; I S\u1eed 1:39).&lt;\/em&gt; V\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri cho \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u1ecbu X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u (&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Messiah&lt;\/u&gt;, Met-sia&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vua trong d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i vua David.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u1edf Na-xa-r\u00e9t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Met-sia (&lt;em&gt;Messiah&lt;\/em&gt;), t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 Christ (&lt;em&gt;Cris-t\u00f4&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u. Trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 (&lt;em&gt;Do Th\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt;), L\u1ec5 X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u (&lt;em&gt;Met-sia, Cris-t\u00f4&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vua, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111em Ng\u00f4i N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u \u2013 Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gian. Qua d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, L\u1ec5 X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. Ri\u00eang c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, Tin L\u00e0nh, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng hay l\u00e0m, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng trong L\u1ec5 \u0110\u1eb7t Tay c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa g\u1ecdi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anoint-anointing\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anoint-anointing\/\" >Anoint, Anointing<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Anselm of Canterbury (c.1033\u20131109)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sinh ra \u1edf Aosta, \u00dd, v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u1edf Canterbury. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia l\u1edbn trong th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5. So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa Th\u00e1nh Augustine v\u00e0 Thomas Aquina \u2013 Th\u00e1nh Anselm \u1edf gi\u1eefa hai v\u1ecb n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ea7y d\u00f2ng tu l\u00fac 27 tu\u1ed5i. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Bec. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m &lt;em&gt;(masterpieces&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cH\u00e3y tin r\u1ed3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean-Nh\u00e2n (God-man) Jesus Christ \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 (satisfaction) cho m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi). \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o phong th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Thomas Aquina, Augustine...&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anselm-of-canterbury-c-1033-1109\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anselm-of-canterbury-c-1033-1109\/\" >Anselm of Canterbury (c.1033\u20131109)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Anthopology of Religion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anthopology-of-religion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anthopology-of-religion\/\" >Anthopology of Religion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Anthropomorphism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-L\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;anthropos&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;u&gt;:&lt;\/u&gt; ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;mophe&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;: h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, Tr\u1eddi gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 mi\u1ec7ng, tai, m\u1eb7t, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ng 3:8; Xu\u1ea5t 24:10; 15:3; Dan 12:8).&lt;\/em&gt; Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au, bu\u1ed3n, gi\u1eadn (&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ng 2:2, 6:6; Xu\u1ea5t 20:5&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy-l\u1ea1p, thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00ea-len-n\u00edt (&lt;em&gt;ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u0169ng tin v\u1eady. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc qua c\u00e2u &lt;em&gt;\u201cin the image of God\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;theo h\u00ecnh &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;d\u1ea1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; Ng\u00e0i&lt;\/em&gt;). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cTr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1eafm l\u00fac Ch\u00faa xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ec3 th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng th\u00ec v\u00f4 l\u00fd, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau th\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u00f4 l\u00fd (D. E. Trueblood).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anthropomorphism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anthropomorphism\/\" >Anthropomorphism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Anthroposophy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e2n Tri\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn Thuy\u1ebft, S\u1ef1 Kh\u00f4n Ngoan C\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;theosophy&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean Tri\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn Thuy\u1ebft, S\u1ef1 Kh\u00f4n Ngoan C\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Rudolf Steiner (1861\u20131925). \u00d4ng sinh ra \u1edf Hungary v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, th\u1ee5 hu\u1ea5n \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Vienna, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed thuy\u1ebft. \u00d4ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i &lt;em&gt;\u201cHi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i Thi\u00ean Tri\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (German Theosophical Society). N\u00f3i chung, tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Hin-du, T\u00e2n-Plato, Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn, cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan, tri\u1ebft l\u00ed c\u0169ng nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ebd th\u1eadt, ch\u00e2n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eddi. N\u0103m 1919 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng C\u00f4ng La M\u00e3 k\u1ebft \u00e1n khai tr\u1eeb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tri th\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, Anh, M\u1ef9 tin theo.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anthroposophy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anthroposophy\/\" >Anthroposophy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Anti-Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;anti:&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i; &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Christ&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;: \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. N\u00f3i chung, trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u201c&lt;em&gt;k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cSatan\u201d(&lt;\/em&gt;Qu\u1ef7 V\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i chung cho nh\u1eefng ai, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i \u00fd Ch\u00faa, l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai t\u00f4n th\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;em&gt;...(Ph\u1ee5c 13:13, Quan 19:22; I Sam. 2:12,17; Cham 6:12).&lt;\/em&gt; Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea5ng Met-sia, Christ gi\u1ea3, k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea5ng Met-sia, \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ &lt;em&gt;(Mat. 24:24, Mac 13:22).&lt;\/em&gt; S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb v\u00f4 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p &lt;em&gt;(II Te 2:3; 8:9).&lt;\/em&gt; S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf. Ri\u00eang s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Christ gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng, m\u01b0u ch\u01b0\u1edbc tham v\u1ecdng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Sa-tan&lt;em&gt; (Kh\u1ea3i 13,17,19)&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb vua ch\u00faa, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf N\u00ea-r\u00f4 v\u00e0 S\u00ea-sa... Th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch cho l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh ng\u00e0y nay cho l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qu\u1ed1c gia, hay \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. C\u00f2n Ph\u00e1i T\u01b0\u01a1ng Lai Thuy\u1ebft (&lt;em&gt;futurist nh\u01b0: Scofield, Zahn, Siess&lt;\/em&gt;) cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ai, phong tr\u00e0o, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gia th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf s\u1ebd h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anti-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anti-christ\/\" >Anti-Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Anti-semitism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00ed Thuy\u1ebft Ch\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1i C\u1ed5 T\u1ed9c Do Th\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Do Th\u00e1i do m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Wilhelm Marr, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1879, khi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o b\u1eadc ph\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, t\u1ea1o c\u0103m th\u00f9 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i. Th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi vua Antiochus Epiphanes (175\u2013163 BC) , v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u00e2m \u1ec9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 II, khi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c n\u1eafm ch\u1ee7 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. L\u00fd do kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Do Th\u00e1i v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 t\u00f4n th\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Duy Nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1eef th\u00e1nh trong ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t, kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 vua ch\u00faa trong c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Hy-l\u1ea1p. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Jerusalem n\u0103m 70 AD, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Judaism&lt;\/em&gt;) (v\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c La-m\u00e3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Sau khi t\u1ea3n l\u1ea1c, Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng khi C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Do Th\u00e1i tr\u1edf th\u00eam tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng (&lt;em&gt;Anti-semitism&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u mang tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c n\u01a1i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, Nga, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Cao \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn I, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a H\u00edt-le, g\u1ea7n 6 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft trong kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. N\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u00e2m th\u1ea7m \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng sang M\u1ef9 n\u01a1i \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anti-semitism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anti-semitism\/\" >Anti-semitism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Antinomianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Ch\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p, B\u1ea5t C\u1ea7n Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p Hy-L\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;anti&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;u&gt;:&lt;\/u&gt; ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;nomos&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;u&gt;:&lt;\/u&gt; lu\u1eadt, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, kinh lu\u1eadt, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Christian&lt;\/u&gt; - C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;) ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y hay tu\u00e2n theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean: (1) R\u1eb1ng, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u b\u1edfi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t (&lt;em&gt;Ro-ma 10:6&lt;\/em&gt;). Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 theo s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 (&lt;em&gt;Gal 2:16&lt;\/em&gt;). (2) Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. (3) Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i (&lt;em&gt;lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p&lt;\/em&gt;). Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3, hay d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u00e1i tri th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn (&lt;em&gt;gnostic&lt;\/em&gt;), khi Phao-l\u00f4 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i b\u1edfi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m (&lt;em&gt;\u00caph 2:8,9&lt;\/em&gt;), ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u1eefa, v\u00ec th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t (&lt;em&gt;Roma 7,8,9,10&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qua nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 M. Luther, A. Hutchinson v\u00e0 J. Agricola. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh Gi\u00e1o \u1edf Anh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, do c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1 trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y nay, l\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Kinh d\u1ea1y r\u00f5 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn bi\u1ebft t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 (&lt;em&gt;Roma 8, 9, 10&lt;\/em&gt;). S\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi theo Ch\u00faa (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u0103ng 3; Gal. 3,5)&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, t\u00f4n k\u00ednh L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n v\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (&lt;em&gt;Gal. 5&lt;\/em&gt;). Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o, d\u1eabn l\u1ed1i cho lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c (&lt;em&gt;Roma 13).&lt;\/em&gt; Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, s\u1ef1 th\u00eam s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh tr\u00e1nh v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea1m, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Cha ch\u00fang ta.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/antinomianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/antinomianism\/\" >Antinomianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Antiochene Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o An-ti-\u1ed1t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m chung v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Christianty) \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n, ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 An-ti-\u1ed1t, n\u01a1i Phao-l\u00f4 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Ignatius, Lucan v\u00e0 Theophilus ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i Antioch\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i An-ti-\u1ed1t). H\u1ecd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ni\u1ec1m tin sau \u0111\u00e2y: (1) Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Logos; (2) Logos l\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i; (3) Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u1eeba h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh. Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i thi\u00ean t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a &lt;em&gt;\u201cCon Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su) su\u1ed1t 3 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau, th\u00ec gi\u00e1o l\u00ed thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nghi\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean sai l\u1ea1c qua Theodore, Nestorius...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/antiochene-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/antiochene-theology\/\" >Antiochene Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Antitrinitarianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Ch\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Unitarianism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9c Th\u1ec3)&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/antitrinitarianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/antitrinitarianism\/\" >Antitrinitarianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Antitype&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Ch\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ti\u00eau Bi\u1ec3u, M\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Typology&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(M\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc, Ti\u00eau Bi\u1ec3u H\u1ecdc)&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/antitype\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/antitype\/\" >Antitype<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Anxiety&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lo L\u1eafng, Lo \u00c2u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac chung c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a lo s\u1ee3, khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3. Trong cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cth\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i lo l\u1eafng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (age of anxiety). Trong t\u00e2m l\u00ed h\u1ecdc, lo l\u1eafng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m, t\u1ea1o cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh an, vui v\u1ebb, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n cho bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf Ma-thi-\u01a1 6:25-32, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn cho Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa; ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lo l\u1eafng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Luca 12:11-12; 41-42; 13:6. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc chung l\u00e0: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Cha ch\u00fang ta, Ng\u00e0i s\u0103n s\u00f3c, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta. (2) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd cung \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u cho ch\u00fang ta. (3) S\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean lo l\u1eafng, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 n\u00ean t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t (Matt. 6:33), d\u00e2ng l\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anxiety\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/anxiety\/\" >Anxiety<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Apocalyptic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb, Minh Kh\u1ea3i, M\u1edf Ra Cho Th\u1ea5y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ch\u1eef phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p (&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;apokalipw&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; - \u00a0&lt;em&gt;apocalypso&lt;\/em&gt;), ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cUnveiling\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(m\u1edf m\u00e0ng ra, cho th\u1ea5y). L\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u00e1ch trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u00e0y t\u1ecf cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng. Qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u trong kho\u1ea3ng 200 BC tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1ng sinh, v\u00e0 100 AD sau Ch\u00faa. V\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo s\u00e1ch \u0110a-ni-\u00ean vi\u1ebft l\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch\/c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ti\u00ean tri hay l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb. N\u00f3i chung, s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb trong th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u1eb1m kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1edd \u0111\u00f3n s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh trong ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c bi\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c n\u1ea1n trong d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean. S\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ti\u00ean Tri, v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apocalyptic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apocalyptic\/\" >Apocalyptic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Apocrypha, New Testament&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch Ngu\u1ef5 Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, C\u1ea3i Bi\u00ean Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng v\u0103n nh\u01b0 Kinh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hay n\u1ed9i dung ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng 200 n\u0103m sau Ch\u00faa. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, &lt;em&gt;Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Th\u00f4-ma, Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Phi-l\u00edp, Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Gi\u00f4-s\u00e9p, Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Ni-c\u00f4-\u0111em, Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Th\u00f4-ma, Gi\u00e1o V\u1ee5 Phao-l\u00f4, Gi\u00e1o V\u1ee5 Gi\u0103ng, Gi\u00e1o V\u1ee5 Andrew, v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o V\u1ee5 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Th\u00f4-ma&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi 4 s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u01af hi\u1ec7n nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apocrypha-new-testament\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apocrypha-new-testament\/\" >Apocrypha, New Testament<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Apocrypha, Old Testament&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch Ngu\u1ef5 Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, C\u1ea3i Bi\u00ean Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m kh\u00f4ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a giao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a theo nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i dung, t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Do Th\u00e1i, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn trong kinh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong kinh Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh. G\u1ed3m 13 s\u00e1ch &lt;em&gt;I&amp;II Asdras, T\u00f4-bit, Ju-dith, The Rest of \u00ca-x\u01a1-t\u00ea, S\u1ef1 Kh\u00f4n Ngoan c\u1ee7a Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n, Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o &lt;\/em&gt;(c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a Jesus con Sirach), &lt;em&gt;Ba-r\u00fac, th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi, \u0110a-ni-\u00ean (th\u00eam), L\u1eddi C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ma-na-se, v\u00e0 I&amp;II Mac-ca-be&lt;\/em&gt;. Qua d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apocrypha-old-testament\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apocrypha-old-testament\/\" >Apocrypha, Old Testament<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Apollinarianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft Apollinarianism&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Apollinaris trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. \u00d4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i Alexandrian, tin v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en. Khi b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;Christology&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a &lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt;, r\u1eb1ng &lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt; kh\u00f4ng ban b\u1ed1 linh h\u1ed3n trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u1ee9t ph\u00e9p th\u00f4ng giao nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apollinarianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apollinarianism\/\" >Apollinarianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Apologetics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ec7n Gi\u1ea3i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y do t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf II Tim 4:16, &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;apologia&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u00f2a bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9. Trong b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn thi\u00ean h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn trong s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i, b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed. Trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i, b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c Ph\u00fac \u00c2m t\u1eeb Phao- L\u00f4 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chia ra l\u00e0m hai \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i (1) &lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ec7n Gi\u1ea3i Ch\u1ee7 Quan&lt;\/em&gt;: t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0o cho \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh tin t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Luther, Bank, Pascal, Brumer, Kierkegaard: (2) &lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ec7n Gi\u1ea3i Kh\u00e1ch Quan&lt;\/em&gt;: l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng minh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00fang ho\u1eb7c sai v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gia (thinkers), nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 J. Butler, F. R. Tennant, W. Paley, Aristotle, Plato... Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. N\u00f3i chung, bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i bi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ni\u1ec1m tin, gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apologetics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apologetics\/\" >Apologetics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Apostasy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ecf \u0110\u1ea1o, Ph\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u1ed1i B\u1ecf Ni\u1ec1m Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tin theo \u0111\u1ea1o, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 x\u00e2y b\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i khi ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111i th\u1eddi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u1ea1i bang (\u00casai 1:24; Gi\u00ea 2:1-9; II S\u1eed 29:19). Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Giu-\u0111a \u00cdt-ca-ri-\u1ed1t, Demas (II Cor 4:10), Hymenaeus v\u00e0 Alexander (I Tim 1:20). Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Julian, \u00f4ng c\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ni\u1ec1m tin theo Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft th\u1edd ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n (&lt;em&gt;Pasanism&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cK\u1ebb Ph\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea1o.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; Trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch &lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt; cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y sau-r\u1ed1t &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o (&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;apostasy&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;heresy&lt;\/em&gt;) trong Anh Ng\u1eef. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;heresy&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean gi\u00e1o) c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh (t\u00edn l\u00ed hay L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apostasy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apostasy\/\" >Apostasy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Apostle, Apostleship&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Sai (Ph\u00e1i) \u0110i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cSai \u0110i\u201d, \u201cG\u1edfi Ra\u201d, \u201cPh\u00e1i \u0110\u1ebfn\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (to send trong Anh Ng\u1eef), v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;apostolos&lt;\/u&gt; &lt;\/em&gt;thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p. C\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 79 l\u1ea7n trong to\u00e0n Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, 28 l\u1ea7n trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5, 38 l\u1ea7n trong th\u01b0 t\u00edn, v\u00e0 3 l\u1ea7n trong Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n. Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1, trong kinh 70 (LXX), d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Saluah&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 (\u0110\u1ea1i S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3), Ng\u00e0i sai 12 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i ra, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3. Phao L\u00f4 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3, c\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Gia-c\u01a1 (I Cor. 15:5-8), Ba-na-ba (C\u00f4ng 14:4), Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea (I Tes. 2:6). C\u00f2n ch\u1eef Ch\u1ee9c V\u1ee5 S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 (&lt;em&gt;Apostleship&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 trong t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3. M\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (messenger). N\u00f3i chung, trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa hay m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 (I Cor. 12:29), d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0y nay, trong c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apostle-apostleship\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apostle-apostleship\/\" >Apostle, Apostleship<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Apostolic Succession&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Ch\u1ee9c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3, N\u1ed1i Ti\u1ebfp Ch\u1ee9c V\u1ee5 S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3, N\u1ed1i Nghi\u1ec7p S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do d\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn trong Ph\u00e1i Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee9c cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi sau \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebf v\u1ecb. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tin v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ec5 (ph\u00e9p) n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y trong h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba, l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf. V\u1ec1 sau, t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf cho S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 (tin r\u1eb1ng Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa giao cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh). S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u qua vi\u1ec7c &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0111\u1eb7t tay c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i ra truy\u1ec1n rao \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean. T\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c (&lt;em&gt;Diadoche: succession&lt;\/em&gt; - truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;\u201cl\u1ec5 \u0111\u1eb7t tay\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; trong l\u1ec5 th\u1ee5 phong \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, m\u1ee5c s\u01b0, hay ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; v\u00e0, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201ctruy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201cth\u1ee5 phong.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0 Xem th\u00eam t\u1eeb&lt;strong&gt; Ordination&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ee5 Phong).&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apostolic-succession\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apostolic-succession\/\" >Apostolic Succession<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Apostolic Vicar&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ebf V\u1ecb S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i thay th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m lo m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apostolic-vicar\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/apostolic-vicar\/\" >Apostolic Vicar<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Aquinas, Thomas&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Aquina&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; Thomas&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Thomas Aquina&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/aquinas-thomas\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/aquinas-thomas\/\" >Aquinas, Thomas<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Archangle&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Angle&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/archangle\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/archangle\/\" >Archangle<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Archbishop&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Bishop&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/archbishop\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/archbishop\/\" >Archbishop<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Archpriest&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf Tr\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Priest&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/archpriest\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/archpriest\/\" >Archpriest<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Argument for the Existence of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tranh Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y qua nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 sau: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong ti\u1ec1n th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi &lt;em&gt;(a priori), &lt;\/em&gt;(2) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c (&lt;em&gt;a&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;posteriori&lt;\/em&gt;), (3) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong s\u1ef1 soi s\u00e1ng, kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb, minh t\u1ecf trong m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb lu\u1eadn l\u00fd, \u00fd th\u1ee9c, t\u00e2m t\u01b0, l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Qua 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00fac m\u1eafc, d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng, kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t, - &lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec1nTh\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Anselm, Descartes, Spinoza v\u00e0 Leibnic, quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh Thi Thi\u00ean 14:1. Ph\u1ea7n 2, - &lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec1mTh\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Thomas Aquinas: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Summa Theologia&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Quy\u1ec3n 1: Ph\u1ea7n 3); c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia I. Kant, Hume v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a B. Russel v\u1ec1 &lt;em&gt;Cosmological&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Teleolo-gical and Design Argument. &lt;\/em&gt;Ph\u1ea7n 3, - &lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb, Minh Kh\u1ea3i&lt;\/em&gt;, g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00ed, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1eeb si\u00eau h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia hi\u1ec7n sinh nh\u01b0: I. Kant, B. Pascal, J. P. Sartre, M. Heidegger, P. Tillich, K. Barth v\u00e0 E. Brunner.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/argument-for-the-existence-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/argument-for-the-existence-of-god\/\" >Argument for the Existence of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Arianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Arius&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong th\u1eddi Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 \u1edf Alexandria (300 AD -311 AD), Arius \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 x\u1ee9 Antioch, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y \u00f4ng Arius \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n trong h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Alexandria v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Theo \u00f4ng, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Cha, v\u00ec l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 tranh bi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Nicene 325.AD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp b\u1edfi vua Constantine, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00fang, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft Arianism. Sau \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c suy r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su. L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1o Nghi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u1ec3 minh \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 Con M\u1ed9t - l\u00e0 th\u1eadt Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 th\u1eadt Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (&lt;em&gt;the&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;true God and true Man&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/arianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/arianism\/\" >Arianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Aristotle, Aristotelianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft Gia A-rit-t\u1ed1t, Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed A-rit-t\u1ed1t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia Hy-l\u1ea1p, m\u1ed9t trong ba tri\u1ebft gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sau n\u00e0y (Plato, Aristotle v\u00e0 Socrates). \u00d4ng sinh v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng (384-322 B.C), con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t y s\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua \u1edf Macedon. V\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i 17, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft Gia Plato \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Athens. Sau khi h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y cho con c\u1ee7a vua Philip II \u1edf Maccedon, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ebf A-l\u1ecbch-s\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t: \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c, V\u1eadt L\u00fd, Si\u00eau H\u00ecnh H\u1ecdc, Khoa H\u1ecdc Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;On the Heavens, On the Soul&lt;\/em&gt;), Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb, H\u00f9ng Bi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Th\u01a1 Ph\u00fa. T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p tri\u1ebft l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Aristotle l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p&lt;em&gt;\u201cth\u1ef1c h\u1eefu bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 th\u1eadt. Tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi Plato, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 l\u00ed tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. Qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 Plato \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong l\u00e0ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00ed tr\u00ed, th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e1y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/aristotle-aristotelianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/aristotle-aristotelianism\/\" >Aristotle, Aristotelianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ark of Covenant&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u00f2m Giao \u01af\u1edbc, R\u01b0\u01a1ng Giao \u01af\u1edbc &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;h&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;ay Th\u00f9ng Giao \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng hay h\u1ed9p l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed5 &lt;em&gt;acacia&lt;\/em&gt; (g\u00f5), h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt (2\u2019x 2\u2019x 4\u2019) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 (40&lt;sup&gt;c &lt;\/sup&gt;x 40&lt;sup&gt;c &lt;\/sup&gt;x 1.2&lt;sup&gt;m&lt;\/sup&gt;). B\u00ean trong l\u00f3t v\u1ea3i m\u1ecbn, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e1t v\u00e0ng r\u00f2ng. Ph\u00eda tr\u00ean h\u00f2m tr\u1ea1m hai thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 &lt;em&gt;Cheru&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m l\u00e1t v\u00e0ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0111\u1ebf th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (mercy seat), \u0111\u00e2u c\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nhau che ph\u1ee7 h\u00f2m (Xu\u1ea5t 25:10-40, 25:22). H\u00f2m\/ R\u01b0\u01a1ng Giao \u01af\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1n b\u1ea3o M\u00f4i-se l\u00e0m trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111i trong sa m\u1ea1c Si-nai. H\u00f2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong \u0110\u1ec1n T\u1ea1m (&lt;em&gt;Tabernacle&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u01a1i ch\u00ed th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n (khi\u00ean) c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn (D\u00e2n 4:5) m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n d\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd t\u1ea1m. Trong h\u00f2m Ch\u00faa b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 ba m\u00f3n v\u1eadt: &lt;em&gt;Hai B\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00e1 Ghi 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;C\u00e2y G\u1eady c\u1ee7a A-r\u00f4n&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;D\u0129a B\u00e1nh Mana&lt;\/em&gt;. M\u1ed7i v\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang cho d\u00e2n H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 (Xu\u1ea5t 16, 25; D\u00e2n 17). H\u00f2m\/ R\u01b0\u01a1ng Giao \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang \u0111i qua Ba-by-l\u00f4n (II C\u00e1c 24:13). Ng\u00e0y nay, H\u00f2m Giao \u01af\u1edbc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ark-of-covenant\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ark-of-covenant\/\" >Ark of Covenant<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Armageddon&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ecba Danh A-ma&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;ge&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;-&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0111&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;on&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 16:16 c\u00f3 ghi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba danh, n\u01a1i s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng &lt;em&gt;\u201cVua c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; tham tr\u1eadn, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00fac c\u1ee7a &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (16:14). \u0110\u1ecba Danh Ar-ma-g\u00ea-\u0111on trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Harmagedon&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u00fai (&lt;em&gt;har&lt;\/em&gt;) Megiddo (&lt;em&gt;mage-don&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3n lu\u1ef9 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 \u1edf Gi\u00f4-sua 12:21; 17:11; Quan X\u00e9t 1:27; II C\u00e1c Vua 8:27. Ng\u00e0y nay, trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u00e1nh kinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201cArmageddon\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &lt;em&gt;\u201cbi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; cho tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn sau c\u00f9ng trong \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 trong Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t tranh chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh (Khai 19:11-21). T\u1eeb Armageddon \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong d\u00e2n gian v\u00ec nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 phim \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/armageddon\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/armageddon\/\" >Armageddon<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Arminianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00ed c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ee7a Arminius&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y do James Arminius ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Augustine \u0111\u1ebfn John Wesley. Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Augustine, Luther v\u00e0 Calvin. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Arminius: (1) Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat sai l\u1ea7m; (2) Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tuy\u00ean c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin; (3) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n n\u0103n v\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (&lt;em&gt;conditional predestination&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00edn l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n c\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Calvin, Augustine v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Adam ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Arminius cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Do \u0111\u00f3, (4) ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i (kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Calvin, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i v\u1edbi Giao \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (&lt;em&gt;unlimited atonement&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u1ec1 sau, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Arminius n\u1ea3y sinh ra th\u00eam nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00ed kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 (1) \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (II C\u00f4 5:15; Gi\u0103ng 2:2); (2) ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem cho con tr\u1ebb; (3) Kinh Th\u00e1nh V\u00f4 Ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat sai l\u1ea7m (inerrancy), nh\u01b0ng c\u1edfi m\u1edf trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0; v\u00e0 (4) tin v\u00e0o Th\u1eddi Th\u1ebf M\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed &lt;em&gt;\u201cthi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (dispensationalism), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tin quy\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Arminius \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng qua John Wesley v\u1edbi Christian Holiness Association, Salvation Army, The Church of Nazarene, The Wesley on Church, etc. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin: (1) S\u1ef1 nguy\u00ean sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa; (2) ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1; (3) s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3; (4) s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i; (5) s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00fac; (6) s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh; v\u00e0 (7) s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh b\u1edfi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n qua \u0111\u1ee9c tin, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng hay \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/arminianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/arminianism\/\" >Arminianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Arminius, James (1561\u20131609)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Arminius, James (1561\u20131609). Sinh \u1edf Oudewater Netherlands. \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Marburg, Leiden,Geneva v\u00e0 Basel. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf Amsterdam, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Leiden t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1603 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua \u0111\u1eddi. (Xem th\u00eam gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft &lt;strong&gt;Arminianism&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/arminius-james-1561-1609\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/arminius-james-1561-1609\/\" >Arminius, James (1561\u20131609)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Armstrongism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Armstrong&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do Herbert W. Armstrong ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Worldwide Church of God. \u00d4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng qua t\u1edd b\u00e1o &lt;em&gt;The Plain Truth&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t thanh c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Ambassador College \u1edf Pasadena, CA. \u00d4ng chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. T\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Seventh-day Adventists v\u00e0 Jehovah Witness. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ecb lung lay b\u1edfi xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa con \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Garner Ted v\u00e0 \u00f4ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tham nh\u0169ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/armstrongism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/armstrongism\/\" >Armstrongism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Art, Christian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt C\u1ee7a T\u00edn H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt do nh\u1eefng t\u00edn h\u1eefu t\u1ea1o ra g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: v\u1ebd tranh, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea1c, k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n, th\u01a1 v\u0103n v.v\u2026 Trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00f3i chung v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9, m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c La-m\u00e3, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (&lt;em&gt;reform&lt;\/em&gt;), th\u1eddi B\u1eebng S\u00e1ng (&lt;em&gt;enlightment&lt;\/em&gt;) m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u1ec1 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, l\u1ed1i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c danh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00edn...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/art-christian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/art-christian\/\" >Art, Christian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Articles of Religion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt; (Kh\u1eb3ng T\u00edn)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kh\u1eb3ng \u0110\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ec1m Tin T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed Th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;United Methodist Church)&lt;\/em&gt;. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ra t\u1eeb B\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u Ba M\u01b0\u01a1i Ch\u00edn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Church of England&lt;\/em&gt;), bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi J. Wesley \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Hoa K\u1ef3 (&lt;em&gt;American Methodist Episcopal Church&lt;\/em&gt;), th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1784. John Wesley \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat t\u1eeb B\u1ea3n Ba M\u01b0\u01a1i Ch\u00edn c\u00f2n Ba M\u01b0\u01a1i B\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y thay th\u1ebf B\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u XXXVII t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch &lt;em&gt;Book of Common Prayer&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u00e1ch C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n Chung), \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi minh \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh Ph\u1ee7 Anh v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. N\u00f3i chung, B\u1ea3n Kh\u1eb3ng \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1ng Sinh n\u0103m 1784, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c (&lt;em&gt;Methodist Episcopal Church&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/articles-of-religion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/articles-of-religion\/\" >Articles of Religion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Articles, The Thirty-nine&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u Ba M\u01b0\u01a1i Ch\u00edn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Thirty-nine Articles&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kh\u1eb3ng \u0110\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ec1m Tin Ba M\u01b0\u01a1i Ch\u00edn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/articles-the-thirty-nine\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/articles-the-thirty-nine\/\" >Articles, The Thirty-nine<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Asbury, Francis (1745\u20131816)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3. Asbury sinh \u1edf Birmingham, Anh Qu\u1ed1c. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o, nh\u01b0ng cha \u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa t\u1ed1t, n\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi anh em trong nh\u00f3m theo Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Methodist Anh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00eam Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u1ec1 sau \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. Nh\u01a1n khi J. Wesley c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 1771, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong \u0111i khai v\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u01a1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n nghe Tin L\u00e0nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Hoa K\u1ef3. Do l\u00f2ng h\u0103ng say nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, Asbury v\u00e0 Thomas Coke \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c J. Wesley c\u1eed l\u00e0m hai Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng (&lt;em&gt;General Superintendents&lt;\/em&gt;) cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3, khi c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1780\u2019s. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed9i ph\u1ea7n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00d4ng gi\u1eef ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7c mi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cho \u00fd mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0111o\u00e0n h\u00e1t xi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;(circuit riders), ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh (Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n) \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed \u1edf Hoa k\u1ef3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/asbury-francis-1745-1816\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/asbury-francis-1745-1816\/\" >Asbury, Francis (1745\u20131816)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ascension of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Th\u0103ng Thi\u00ean C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t l\u00ean tr\u1eddi sau khi ph\u1ee5c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 Ng\u00e0i (Math. 25:18-22; C\u00f4ng 1:8-9; 3:21; Lu-ca. 24:51; Gi\u0103ng 3:13, 20:17). K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1edbi l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su b\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecbt). S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4, sau c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean vinh hi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, t\u1ecf b\u00e0y quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng cao c\u1ea3, v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ebf gian (Eph. 4:10; I Tim 3:16). C\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng v\u1eady nh\u01b0 Phi-e-r\u01a1 (I Phi 3:22), t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 (Heb. 4:14). Ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ \u0111\u00e3 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y trong ng\u00e0y sau r\u1ed1t. L\u00e0m vua tr\u00ean mu\u00f4n vua v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean mu\u00f4n Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ascension-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ascension-of-christ\/\" >Ascension of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ascetical Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Kh\u1eafc &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;K\u1ef7 Kh\u1ed5 &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1eadu s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3, v\u00e0 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ph\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 tu (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;monasticism&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4 v\u00e0 5 \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp, Nam Phi). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa, tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c x\u1ea5u xa, bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh ra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Augustine, Thomas. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed kh\u1eafc tu n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cShepherd of Hermas\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103n B\u1ea7y \u1edf Hermas), v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, trong s\u1ea1ch trong t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 hy sinh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng &lt;em&gt;\u201ct\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (meditation) theo Ch\u00faa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 tu, nh\u01b0 Thomas \u00e0 Kempis v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n &lt;em&gt;\u201cImitation of Christ\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, nh\u01b0 J. Wesley v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;holiness &lt;\/em&gt;(th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt;, Lutheran &lt;em&gt;pietism &lt;\/em&gt;(t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn, thanh hi\u1ebfn), Calvinist v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Moravian &lt;em&gt;puritanism (&lt;\/em&gt;thanh khi\u1ebft&lt;em&gt;).&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, 21, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng &lt;em&gt;\u201cgi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (to be like Christ), v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 tu n\u00e0y qua s\u1ef1 t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m (&lt;em&gt;meditation&lt;\/em&gt;), k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt t\u00e2m linh (spiritual discipline) v\u00e0 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 (discipleship).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ascetical-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ascetical-theology\/\" >Ascetical Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Aseity of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u1ef1 H\u1eefu T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;La-tin: &lt;em&gt;aseitas,&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cself- existence,\u201d \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/aseity-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/aseity-of-god\/\" >Aseity of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ash Wednesday&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Tro&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i qua vi\u1ec7c r\u1eafc (b\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed9i) tro l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, khi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0103n n\u0103n, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 xin Ch\u00faa tha th\u1ee9 (S\u00e1ng 3:17-19, &lt;em&gt;Adam&lt;\/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;David \u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ti\u00ean Tri,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Jonah &lt;\/em&gt;\u1edf th\u00e0nh &lt;em&gt;Niniveh&lt;\/em&gt;...). Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y c\u1eed v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a l\u1ec5 lent tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1ee5c Sinh. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 10&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u00a0do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh c\u1eed h\u00e0nh, m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ebfn tham d\u1ef1. H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 4 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 36 ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 4 ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u1ecbn \u0103n, \u0103n n\u0103n cho \u0111\u1ee7 40 ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su nh\u1ecbn \u0103n 40 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb th\u1eed th\u00e1ch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ash-wednesday\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ash-wednesday\/\" >Ash Wednesday<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Asian Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng l\u00ed l\u1ebd thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o hay th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, mang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng do t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u khi nh\u1eefng t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n cao qua c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh Th\u00e1nh sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 II. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u201c&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d do t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, do c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 t\u1eeb Anh qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 (J. Nevious, H. Taylor). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p theo b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u0103n ho\u00e1 (&lt;em&gt;contextualization&lt;\/em&gt;) trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u1edf Edingburg, \u0110\u1ee9c n\u0103m1901, \u1edf Jerusalem 1930 v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 50\u2019s \u0111\u1ebfn nay. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng khi b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: (1) T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ec3 Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;syncretistic&lt;\/em&gt;), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, L\u00e3o Gi\u00e1o, Kh\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1o, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin chung m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o Ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 (2) H\u00f2a H\u1ee3p Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;accommodation&lt;\/em&gt;), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. C\u00e1c t\u1eeb l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 &lt;em&gt;dharma&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ti\u00ean ch\u1ee7 (Thi\u00ean Ch\u1ee7)&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;anicca&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;dukkha&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;anatta&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc tin l\u00e0nh (?). Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u1edf Thailand, Korea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua. Hi\u1ec7n nay khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n &lt;em&gt;\u201cTh\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111ang \u1edf n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m sao dung ho\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u0103n ho\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/asian-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/asian-theology\/\" >Asian Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Assumption of Mary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mary Th\u0103ng Thi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Mary&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, Assumption of&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/assumption-of-mary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/assumption-of-mary\/\" >Assumption of Mary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Assurance of Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea3m \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, hay n\u00f3i r\u00f5 th\u00eam B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea3m \u0110\u1ee9c Tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. \u0110\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, khi Ng\u00e0i h\u1ee9a &lt;em&gt;\u201cnh\u1eefng ai tin Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Gi\u0103ng 3:36; Ro-ma 6: 23). S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u00fd ch\u00ed, t\u1ef1 do quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc minh \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng, Phao L\u00f4, v\u00e0 Phi-e r\u01a1 (Gi\u0103ng 3:16;1:12, Rom 8:15-17, Gal 4:6). Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 (Heb. 6) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m &lt;em&gt;\u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u n\u1ed7i, \u201c&lt;em&gt;n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh Con Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, M. Luther, J. Calvin \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c t\u00edn gi\u00e1o l\u00ed &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; C\u00f2n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00ean c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;purgatory)&lt;\/em&gt; n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi cho b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 lu\u00f4n tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea3m \u0110\u1ee9c Tin hay B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea3m S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i nghi\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn! C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Southern Baptist, (old) Methodist, Lutheran v\u00e0 c\u00e1c H\u1ec7 Ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng tin v\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn do \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m c\u1ed1 \u00fd ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/assurance-of-faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/assurance-of-faith\/\" >Assurance of Faith<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Assurance of Pardon&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea3m S\u1ef1 Tha Th\u1ee9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/assurance-of-pardon\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/assurance-of-pardon\/\" >Assurance of Pardon<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Astrology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chi\u00eam Tinh H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc hay l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5. M\u00f4n n\u00e0y cho ra ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00ec sao hay tinh c\u1ea7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y (astrology) chi\u00eam tinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;astronomy&lt;\/em&gt; (tinh c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc). \u00a0Kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi A-sy-ri v\u00e0 Ba-by-l\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7 BC. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong nh\u00e2n gian. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn Ai-c\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La-m\u00e3. Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n c\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y (Ph\u1ee5c 4:19; 17:2-5; II C\u00e1c Vua 17:16; 23:5), v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m th\u1edd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean trong th\u1eddi Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi (Gie 7:18; 44:17-19; 8:2; 19:13), th\u1eddi \u00ca-sai (Esa. 47:13), Danien (\u0110a. 2:27; 4:7). Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u1edf Ma-thi-\u01a1 2, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa; \u1edf Ro-ma 8:39 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu; v\u00e0 \u1edf Lu-ca 21:25 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ni\u1ec1m tin chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u00ean. V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf trong s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/astrology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/astrology\/\" >Astrology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Athanasian Creed&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u A-thana-sa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, do &lt;em&gt;A-thana-si&lt;\/em&gt; (Athanasius), l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u1edf Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ed1 Alexandria, B\u1eafc Phi. N\u00f3i chung, b\u1ea3n t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y tin v\u00e0o: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i, (2) Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, (3) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ, nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Arius. V\u1ec1 sau, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng cho m\u00f4n C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;Christology&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/athanasian-creed\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/athanasian-creed\/\" >Athanasian Creed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Athanasius (ca. 296-373)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, th\u1ea7y d\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5 tu Athanasius l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u1edf Alexandria, B\u1eafc Phi, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft Arianism. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng gi\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec1m tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Origen. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cDe Incarnation\u201d v\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cContra Gentiles.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c gom g\u00f3p c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc (&lt;em&gt;manuscripts&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh B\u1ed9 Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc g\u1ed3m 27 s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 367 A.D. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u1edf Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Constantinople n\u0103m 381 (sau khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi). Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n S\u1ed1ng Kh\u1ed5 Tu (&lt;em&gt;monasticism&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u00e2y \u00c2u b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/athanasius-ca-296-373\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/athanasius-ca-296-373\/\" >Athanasius (ca. 296-373)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Atheism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft L\u00fd V\u00f4 Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o Ho\u00e1 trong c\u00f5i sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd theo tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y do ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p&lt;u&gt; &lt;em&gt;atheos&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/u&gt; (v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh,). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u1edf s\u00e1ch \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 2:12, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong B\u1ea3n Kinh LXX v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Bi\u00ean Kinh. Trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;atheism&lt;\/em&gt; (v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n) c\u00f3 3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau: (1) kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n, (2) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Si\u00eau H\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 (3) kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Tr\u1ea3i qua h\u01a1n 20 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n (Communism) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n tr\u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edd k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd hay ch\u00f9a mi\u1ebfu. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c sau: (1) kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3, (2) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c (&lt;em&gt;force&lt;\/em&gt;) hay chu\u1ea9n l\u1ef1c (&lt;em&gt;principle)&lt;\/em&gt;, hay ti\u00ean l\u1ef1c (&lt;em&gt;first cause&lt;\/em&gt;), (3) t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n, (4) t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, b\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0: (1) s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, (2) ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Thi\u00eang Li\u00eang, (3) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1eadt t\u1ef1 h\u1eefu ch\u1ee7, (4) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i\u00a0 trong c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n gian.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/atheism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/atheism\/\" >Atheism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Atheism, Christian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n V\u00f4 Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Death of God Theology&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/atheism-christian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/atheism-christian\/\" >Atheism, Christian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Atonement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Giao \u01af\u1edbc \u0110\u1ec1n T\u1ed9i, Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t giao \u01b0\u1edbc (&lt;em&gt;m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng sinh t\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;) cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 ghi ch\u00e9p n\u00e0y l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 K\u00fd, L\u00ea-vi K\u00fd, v\u00e0 D\u00e2n S\u1ed1 K\u00fd nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 140 l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Kipper.&lt;\/em&gt; Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc qua h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 thi\u00eau t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qua con chi\u00ean ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft, huy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed5 ra, v\u00e0 thi\u00eau tr\u00ean b\u00e0n t\u1ebf (L\u00ea. 1:4), ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 tha l\u1ed7i (L\u00ea. 4:20; 7:7). Ni\u1ec1m tin chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ebfn T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng con chi\u00ean ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft qua th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 con chi\u00ean (Chi\u00ean Con) ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ed9c Sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft thay cho nh\u00e2n sinh (M\u00e1c 10:45, Gi\u0103ng 1:29; 3:16; Rom 3:23; 6:23), v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ng\u00e0i. L\u00fd do duy nh\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft (hy sinh) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i qu\u00e1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi trong ho\u1ea3 ng\u1ee5c) nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Gi\u0103ng v\u00e0 Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ghi trong Gi\u0103ng 3:16, v\u00e0 Rom 5:8 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c trong TK. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ho\u00e0 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0m con Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng chung trong N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng (M\u00e1c 10:45, Rom. 5:10, II C\u00f4. 5:19, 21, Gal. 3:13, H\u00ea 9:15).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/atonement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/atonement\/\" >Atonement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Atonement, Day of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y Giao \u01af\u1edbc Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i, Tha T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t giao \u01b0\u1edbc (l\u1ec5) ban \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, tha th\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i cho h\u1ecd. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u1eadp l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i (L\u00ea. 16), khi th\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf d\u00f9ng chi\u00ean con d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf cho Ng\u00e0i (L\u00ea 4; 16:7-10; 15-17; 20-22). Ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t tay l\u00ean con chi\u00ean c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00ean mang th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i cho m\u00ecnh (21; 1:4; 3:2), r\u1ed3i th\u1ea3 chi\u00ean v\u00e0o sa m\u1ea1c (c. 22, 10). Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00ecnh, xin Ch\u00faa tha th\u1ee9, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i cho m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ng\u00e0i (Gi\u0103ng 1:12, 3:16, 36; Rom. 3:23; Eph. 2:8-9). \u0110\u1ec3 cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 t\u1eeb C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai, tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem theo l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y (Gi\u0103ng 3:3-5; C\u00f4ng 22:16; Tit 3:5).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/atonement-day-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/atonement-day-of\/\" >Atonement, Day of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Attributes of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Qua Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 qua s\u1ef1 suy c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh hay b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfu k\u00edch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 sau: (1) &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;A. Trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 B. Trong b\u1ea3n (kh\u1ea3) n\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt;. (A) &lt;em&gt;Trong B\u1ea3n T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft, C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh, Y\u00eau Th\u01b0\u01a1ng (Lev. 19:1-2; 22:1-2; I Gi\u0103ng 4:9-10; Roma 1:5); v\u00e0 (B) &lt;em&gt;Trong B\u1ea3n (Kh\u1ea3) N\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt;: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t n\u0103ng, v\u00f4 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t tri, v\u00f4 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn (Xu\u1ea5t 6:1-3, Thi 103, 139). (2) &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;, \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o Ho\u00e1. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (S\u00e1ng 1-2). (3) &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng V\u00f4 H\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n Linh \u2013 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong hay thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, trong c\u00f5i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (Gi\u0103ng 4:24; Phil. 2:6-9; C\u00f4ng 17:22-28). (4) &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u1ed1ng (S\u1ed1ng V\u0129nh H\u1eb1ng)&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng \u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;. Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian \u2013 Ng\u00e0i \u1edf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (Kh\u1ea3i 21-22). (5) &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Cha&lt;\/em&gt;. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o Ho\u00e1, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Cha c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u2013 nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Cha&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Cha ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdn y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u0103n s\u00f3c, quan ph\u00f2ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat. (6) &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;l\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng C\u00f3 Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. v.v\u2026&lt;br \/&gt;\nN\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft, C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 Y\u00eau Th\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1edfi &lt;em&gt;th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, trong Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0 \u00e1c. B\u1edfi &lt;em&gt;c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, phi l\u00fd, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n. V\u00e0 b\u1edfi &lt;em&gt;y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o tinh anh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o an trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi sau v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. B\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/attributes-of-god-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/attributes-of-god-2\/\" >Attributes of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Attributes of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eb7cT\u00e1nh C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;God, Attribute of&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/attributes-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/attributes-of-god\/\" >Attributes of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Auburn Affirmation, 1924&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n X\u00e1c Quy\u1ebft T\u00edn L\u00fd Auburn n\u0103m 1924&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Auburn, New York n\u0103m 1924, bao g\u1ed3m 150 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t B\u1ea3n X\u00e1c T\u00edn (&lt;em&gt;Auburn Affirmation)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang, n\u0103m 1924. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1923, 1916, 1910 v\u1ec1 5 t\u00edn l\u00fd &lt;em&gt;\u201cch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, s\u1ef1 nguy\u00ean sinh, s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn l\u00e0: &lt;em&gt;\u201cTh\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft!\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; trong 5 t\u00edn l\u00ed ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/auburn-affirmation-1924\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/auburn-affirmation-1924\/\" >Auburn Affirmation, 1924<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Auburn Declaration (1837)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng Ni\u1ec1m Tin Auburn,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;1837&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng Ni\u1ec1m Tin \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Auburn. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Calvin c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng 1830\u2019s, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111ang c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i t\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ef1u Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/auburn-declaration-1837\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/auburn-declaration-1837\/\" >Auburn Declaration (1837)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Augsburg Confession (1530)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng Ni\u1ec1m Tin Augsburg&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 B\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng Ni\u1ec1m Tin \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Protestant&lt;\/em&gt;) so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o b\u1edfi Martin Luther v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t b\u1edfi Philip Melanchthon trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y 25\/6\/1530. \u00a0N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y x\u00e1c t\u00edn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c tin trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ v\u00e0 L\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a vua Charles V, \u00e9p c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u1ec1 sau, nh\u1edd b\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 trung th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00fd Ba Ng\u00f4i, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7, s\u1ef1 tha t\u1ed9i, thi\u00ean t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su, s\u1ef1 hy sinh, \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n, l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem, ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh v.v\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/augsburg-confession-1530\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/augsburg-confession-1530\/\" >Augsburg Confession (1530)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Augustine of Canterbury&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2u-gut-tin x\u1ee9 Canterbury&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kh\u00f4ng ai r\u00f5 ng\u00e0y sinh v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00c2u-gut-tin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qua s\u1eed li\u1ec7u th\u00ec Augustine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Gregory I (bishop (father) or pope of Rome) nh\u1eadn nu\u00f4i t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 g\u1eedi v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5 tu \u1edf St. Andrew, Rome. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Gregory I m\u1edbi g\u1eedi Augustine \u0111\u1ebfn Anh \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o (Augustine l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Anglo-saxon). \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 596, Augustine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a 40 th\u1ea7y d\u00f2ng g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn Anh. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Anh, \u00f4ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i Kent. Sau g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 qui \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Ethelbert c\u1ee7a Kent v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Canterbury. Trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1ng Sinh n\u0103m 597, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u00e1p-tem cho 10.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (Th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Christianity (&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;) tin theo Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su - c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-M\u00e3, m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh), v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n Kh\u1ed5 Tu Augustine. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 604, \u00f4ng c\u1eed l\u1ec5 t\u1ea5n phong cho hai Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u1edf London v\u00e0 Rochester. V\u1ec1 sau, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Canterbury.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/augustine-of-canterbury\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/augustine-of-canterbury\/\" >Augustine of Canterbury<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Augustine of Hippo (354\u2013430)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2u-gut-tin x\u1ee9 Hip-po&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00d4ng v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o. Sinh \u1edf Tagaste, N. Affrica (B\u1eafc Phi). \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n \u1edf Cathage. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u1edf B\u1eafc Phi r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Rome (383). \u1ede t\u1ea1i Rome, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. N\u0103m 384, \u00f4ng d\u1eddi v\u1ec1 Milan, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Plato v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Ambrose. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tin Ch\u00faa b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00fac \u1edf trong v\u01b0\u1eddn qua L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u1edf R\u00f4-ma 13:13-14, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Ambrose l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem (387). \u00cdt l\u00e2u sau, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb9 \u1edf B\u1eafc Phi, khi tin bi\u1ebft m\u1eb9 \u0111ang b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi sau \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi Th\u00e1nh Kinh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf (linh m\u1ee5c, priest 391) \u1edf Hip-po, B\u1eafc Phi. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Vi\u1ec7n Kh\u1ed5 Tu (&lt;em&gt;monastery&lt;\/em&gt;), n\u0103m 395, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. \u00d4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 28\/8\/430, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Rome an t\u00e1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kho t\u00e0ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1ch v\u1edf thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm chung cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 phong ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh cho \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 ni\u1ec1m tin sau n\u00e0y cho Th\u00e1nh Thomas Aquina. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, nh\u1ea1c, t\u00edn l\u00fd, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh nh\u01b0: &lt;em&gt;On Music, Free Will, On the Moral of the Catholic Church, On Faith and Symbol, Sermons, On the Nature of God, Discourses on Psalms, On the Grace of Christ, On the Original Sin, The City of God &lt;\/em&gt;(426),&lt;em&gt; On Christian Doctrine &lt;\/em&gt;(426),... Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, C\u1ea3\u1ec9 Ch\u00e1nh, C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, Tin L\u00e0nh, Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c T\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o (Tin L\u00e0nh), n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, tin d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/augustine-of-hippo-354-430\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/augustine-of-hippo-354-430\/\" >Augustine of Hippo (354\u2013430)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Authority in the Bible&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Bible, Authority in&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/authority-in-the-bible\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/authority-in-the-bible\/\" >Authority in the Bible<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Authority in the Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Church, Authority in&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/authority-in-the-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/authority-in-the-church\/\" >Authority in the Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Authority of the Bible&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Bible, Authority of&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/authority-of-the-bible\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/authority-of-the-bible\/\" >Authority of the Bible<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Authority Scripture&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n Kinh Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ea3 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cao c\u1ea3 do s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/authority-scripture\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/authority-scripture\/\" >Authority Scripture<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Avenger of Blood&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e1o Th\u00f9 Huy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfu theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p chung c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia. Lu\u1eadt b\u00e1o th\u00f9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0 con th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh \u1ea9n n\u00e1u (&lt;em&gt;cities of refuge&lt;\/em&gt;) (D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 35:9-28; Ph\u1ee5c 19:1-13; Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea 20:1-9). Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00f4ng khai, \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i theo lu\u1eadt &lt;em&gt;\u201cm\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec1n m\u1eaft\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;\u201cr\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1n r\u0103ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb b\u00e1o th\u00f9 (&lt;em&gt;avenger&lt;\/em&gt;) trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;goel&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; ra t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;gaal&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mua l\u1ea1i, chu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i, tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i (&lt;em&gt;to redeem&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/avenger-of-blood\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/avenger-of-blood\/\" >Avenger of Blood<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Avocate&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00eanh V\u1ef1c\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(I Gi\u0103ng 2:1)). Trong b\u1ea3n Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc Ph\u1ee5ng V\u1ee5 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, 1997, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u1ea3o Tr\u1ee3 (c.16), v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt (c.17), v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch LM. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf Thu\u1ea5n, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u1ea7u Ch\u1eefa (c.16). B\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh Tin L\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 2011, d\u1ecbch: \u0110\u1ea5ng An \u1ee6i (c.16), v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd (c.17). Trong b\u1ea3n Anh Ng\u1eef (RSV)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/avocate\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/avocate\/\" >Avocate<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Avocate&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u00eanh V\u1ef1c, B\u00e0o Ch\u1eefa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3n NAB cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o (NT, 1970) d\u1ecbch&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/avocate-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/avocate-2\/\" >Avocate<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Awe&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Uy Nghi C\u1ea3 Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Oai Nghi V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Yira&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Hyphobos&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 (uy nghi, oai d\u0169ng) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh (S\u00e1ng 20:11; Thi Thi\u00ean 34:11; C\u00f4ng 9:31; R\u00f4-ma 3:18).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/awe\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/awe\/\" >Awe<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Azusa Street Revial (1906)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u01a1n Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng Tr\u00ean \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Azusa, 1906&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng phong tr\u00e0o Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n (&lt;em&gt;Pentecostalism&lt;\/em&gt;), di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 312 Azusa Street Los Angeles, CA. \u00d4ng William J. Seymour, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u0110\u1ee9c Tin S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 (&lt;em&gt;Apostolic Faith Gospel Mission&lt;\/em&gt;). H\u1ecd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, phong tr\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/azusa-street-revial-1906\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/azusa-street-revial-1906\/\" >Azusa Street Revial (1906)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-b mix\" data-filter-base=\"b\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">B<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Baal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n Ba-\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 th\u1ea7n m\u1ea7u m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n d\u00e2n Ca-na-an t\u00f4n th\u1edd. &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Baal&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cmaster\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Ch\u1ee7, Ch\u00faa). Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, th\u1ea7n Baal c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a vua A-h\u00e1p v\u00e0 Gi\u00ea-sa-b\u00ean. Th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng lan r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Ba-by-l\u00f4n. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Baal&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n ra t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Daali,&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c qu\u00ean b\u1ecf ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean (b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111i th\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c). C\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o (H\u00f4-s\u00ea, Ha-ba-c\u00fac, A-m\u1ed1t) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Baal-Zebub&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n Ba-anh - X\u00ea-bun&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cth\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ru\u1ed3i M\u1ed9ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Phi-l\u00ea-tin, v\u00ec t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Baal &lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n m\u1ea7u m\u1edf, v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Zebub&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Ai C\u1eadp (Xu\u1ea5t 8:20-32). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Zebul&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00e0nh ra &lt;em&gt;\u201cdwelling\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (ng\u1ef1 trong \u0111\u1ec1n), t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh &lt;em&gt;\u201cTh\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;hay l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao Baal. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc (Mac 3:22; Math. 12:24), khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pha-ri-si th\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u1ec9, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh b\u00e0i b\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-xu d\u00f9ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef7 V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 Sa-tan. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Baal-zebub&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Sa-tan, Qu\u1ef7 V\u01b0\u01a1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baal\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baal\/\" >Baal<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Babylon&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u01b0\u1edbc Ba-by-lon&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 x\u1ee9 c\u1ed5 l\u1edbn v\u00f9ng Trung \u0110\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u00f4ng E-ph\u01a1-r\u00e1t, n\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u00f4ng A-\u0111am v\u00e0 E-va \u0111\u1eb7t trong v\u01b0\u1eddn E-\u0111en, tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng E-ph\u01a1-r\u00e1t). Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, x\u1ee9 Ba-by-l\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong th\u1eddi c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri, v\u00ec d\u00e2n It-ra-en \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y b\u1ecf \u0110\u1ee9c Gia-v\u00ea, t\u00f4n th\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i cho ph\u00e9p x\u1ee9 Ba-by-lon \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2m l\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc It-ra-en v\u00e0 Giu-\u0111a, l\u1ea7n t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 539 BC d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Me-di th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb (\u00ca-sai 13; Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi 27). Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1eeb Ba-by-lon c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t trong ng\u00e0y sau r\u1ed1t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/babylon\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/babylon\/\" >Babylon<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Backsliding&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u1ecf \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 x\u00e2y b\u1ecf giao \u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gia-v\u00ea (Gi\u00ea 2:19; 8:5; 14:7). T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;backsliding&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cx\u00e2y b\u1ecf\u201d, \u201cb\u1ed9i \u01b0\u1edbc\u201d, \u201cr\u00fat ra\u201d, \u201cquay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i\u201d, \u201cv\u00f4 t\u00edn\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Gi\u00ea. 8:5; 5:6; H\u00f4-s\u00ea 11:7; 14:4). Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ghi ch\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean x\u00e2y b\u1ecf \u0110\u1ee9c Gia-v\u00ea, b\u1ea5t v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n d\u1eb7n, h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf l\u1eddi giao \u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i (Gi\u00ea. 3:6-22). Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 l\u00fac b\u1ecf Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa (Math. 26:56), Phi-e-r\u01a1 (Math. 26:69 -75), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu (II C\u00f4r. 12:20-21), De-ma (II Tim. 4:10) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u (Kh\u1ea3i 2:4; 14-15, 20) v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y sau r\u1ed1t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/backsliding\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/backsliding\/\" >Backsliding<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ballic, John (1880\u20131960)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia c\u1ee7a Scotland, sinh trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh tin k\u00ednh Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf Scotland (&lt;em&gt;\u00c1i Nh\u0129 Lan&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o m\u00f4n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Auburn (1920), v\u00e0 Union Theological Seminary, New York (1930), sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi v\u1ec1 Edinburg l\u00e0m Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc New College (1934). \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Scottland. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Karl Barth v\u1ec1 C\u1ef1u T\u1ef1 Do. \u00d4ng h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i chung to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi (World Council of Church, 1957). S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m &lt;em&gt;Our Knowledge of God&lt;\/em&gt; (1939), &lt;em&gt;Belief in Progress&lt;\/em&gt; (1950), h\u1ed3i k\u00fd \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1edb l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;A Dairy of Private Prayer&lt;\/em&gt; (1936), v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Invitation to Pilgrimage&lt;\/em&gt; (1942).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ballic-john-1880-1960\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ballic-john-1880-1960\/\" >Ballic, John (1880\u20131960)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Baptism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Christianity). T\u1eeb baptism c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;baptisma&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (dt) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;baptizo&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (dt) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm, \u0111\u1ea9y r\u1eeda trong d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 2:4). H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc qua l\u1ec5 t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch (purify). Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng n\u1eb1m trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, khi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su (Math. 3:13; 28:19). Trong l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3, cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u1eed l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0129nh sanh (II Cor. 11; Math. 3:11; Roma 6: 3-4; 11). Qua ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng qua nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm (C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5), r\u00e3y n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb khi phong tr\u00e0o Anabaptist v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i \u1edf tu\u1ed5i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u1eed l\u1ec5 trong danh Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi theo nh\u01b0 Ma-thi-\u01a1 28:19. H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1. Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 sau khi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 trong H\u1ed9i Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00ec v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem bao g\u1ed3m nh\u01b0 sau: (1) l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0103n n\u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n khi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, (2) l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9ng giao \u01b0\u1edbc (nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 c\u1eaft b\u00ec) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng Ng\u00e0i (khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u1eadp giao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng \u00c1p-ra-ham), (3) l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 sanh l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, (4) m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi (Math. 3; Mac 2; Gi\u0103ng 28; C\u00f4ng 2, 3; Rom. 6, II Cor. 11; Col. 3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baptism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baptism\/\" >Baptism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Baptism For The Dead&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem Cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh I Cor. 15:29. Khi S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem:&lt;em&gt;\u201cnh\u1eadn b\u00e1p-tem thay cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft...? N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn b\u00e1p-tem thay cho h\u1ecd.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (BNC). Trong Anh ng\u1eef, &lt;em&gt;\u201cWhat will those do who are baptized for the dead? If the dead are not raised at all, why are people baptized for them?\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (NIV). C\u00f3 b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c, &lt;em&gt;\u201cOtherwise, what do people mean by being baptized on behalf of the dead? If the dead are not raised at all, why are people baptized on their behalf?\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (RSV). Qua c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean, c\u1ea3 Anh l\u1eabn Vi\u1ec7t (s\u00e1t v\u1edbi Hy-v\u0103n), th\u00ec \u201c&lt;em&gt;ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u00f3 2 ngh\u0129a: (1) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 cho h\u1ecd. (2) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?!! Th\u1eadt ra, Th\u00e1nh Kinh lu\u00f4n d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c sau khi ch\u1ebft. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha t\u1ed9i (v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n n\u0103n) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c! Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tin v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m c\u00f3 \u00fd kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ch\u00e1u ph\u1ea3i hy sinh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u1ebf h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt sai l\u1ea7m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baptism-for-the-dead\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baptism-for-the-dead\/\" >Baptism For The Dead<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Baptism of Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e1p-tem c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-xe&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su (kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem &lt;em&gt;c\u1ee7a&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong c\u1ea3 4 s\u00e1ch ph\u00fac \u00e2m. S\u00e1ch Ma-thi-o 3:13-17 ghi chi ti\u1ebft, s\u00e1ch M\u00e1c 1:9-11 ghi t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn, s\u00e1ch Lu-ca 3:21-22 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f2n s\u00e1ch Gi\u0103ng 1:29-34 ghi \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft. M\u1ed7i s\u00e1ch ghi c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau chi ti\u1ebft: s\u00e1ch M\u00e1c v\u00e0 Luca ch\u1ec9 ghi trung th\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Gi\u00f4-\u0111anh b\u1edfi Gi\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng Ma-thi-\u01a1 th\u00ec Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-tit ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su, v\u00ec th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su th\u00fac d\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. M\u00e1c ghi r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem trong l\u00fac Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-tit thi h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, trong khi Lu-ca ghi l\u00fac Gi\u0103ng xong ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su. C\u00f2n ph\u00fac \u00e2m Gi\u0103ng b\u1ea3o, khi Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-tit th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5. C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-xu l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi (Math. 12:18,28; Luca 4:18; 11:20 v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng 10:38). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n sau: (1) S\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, (2) s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi trong \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su, (3) kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p (l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean ban \u0110\u1ea5ng Met-sia, (4) ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng khai ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Met-sia l\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n n\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i (s&lt;em&gt;oteriology&lt;\/em&gt;). Khai m\u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0103n n\u0103n tin nh\u1eadn \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baptism-of-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baptism-of-jesus\/\" >Baptism of Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Baptism of the Holy Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e1p-tem C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf C\u00f4ng 1:5; 11:16; 19:4-6; Gi\u0103ng 1:26, 33; Math. 3:11; M\u00e1c 11:8 v\u00e0 I Cor. 12:13, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem &lt;em&gt;\u201cb\u1eb1ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i qua vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. T\u1eeb trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cb\u1eb1ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;\u201cv\u1edbi\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;by&lt;\/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;with&lt;\/em&gt; trong Anh Ng\u1eef) l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn. Khi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01a1n danh Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, t\u1ee9c nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh.\u00a0 N\u1ebfu tin c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ri\u00eang th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00eam 2 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem n\u1eefa \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt, v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 (theo l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su d\u1ea1y). Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, khi n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 n\u00ean theo m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ai?!!&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tr\u1ea3i qua 20 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem &lt;em&gt;b\u1eb1ng&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; . Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 tin th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho \u0111\u00fang. X\u00e9t k\u1ef7 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh tr\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. T\u1eeb quan tr\u1ecdng trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;en&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cv\u1edbi hay b\u1eb1ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (with or by), &lt;em&gt;\u201ctrong, \u1edf trong\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (in or within). Khi d\u1ecbch sang H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cqua, trong, b\u1eb1ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (by means of) n\u01b0\u1edbc hay \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. Trong khi Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, \u00f4ng b\u1ea3o &lt;em&gt;\u201cTa l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u1ebfn sau ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eeda\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Math. 3:11). N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 hai l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p b\u00e1p-tem b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eeda, th\u1ebf th\u00ec, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00e0 nh\u01a1n danh ai? Ai c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh? \u00a0Ng\u00e0y nay, L\u1ec5 Ng\u1ee7 Tu\u1ea7n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u00e0 l\u1eeda?.. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t &lt;em&gt;\u201cl\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u00e0 l\u1eeda! Cho n\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem ri\u00eang kh\u00f4ng! L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tin nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem trong danh Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh (v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1eb1ng l\u1eeda); v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, tr\u00e0n ra, l\u1ed9 ra,.. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, sau khi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa ban cho quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ecf ra nh\u01b0 ch\u1eeda b\u1ec7nh, \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u1ec9\u2026 Ho\u1eb7c sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00ean h\u1ecd; do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u k\u1ef3 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf b\u00e0y th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn do t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn nay: (1) L\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem trong danh Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, Con v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Linh, (2) khi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u1edf trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, (3) s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 \u00fd Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n qua h\u1ecd. (Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf tr\u00ean ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n trong Ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y (b\u00e1p-tem) b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, \u0111\u1ec3 khai sinh H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u00e0 l\u1eeda\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong TK. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh trong con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Do Th\u00e1i, Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1 v\u00e0 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh sau khi tin Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u xin tha thi\u1ebft.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baptism-of-the-holy-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baptism-of-the-holy-spirit\/\" >Baptism of the Holy Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Baptism, Infant&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem Con Tr\u1ebb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem cho tr\u1ebb con c\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 tu\u1ed5i. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u1edf Anh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anabaptist \u0111\u00e3 rao gi\u1ea3ng, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u1eed l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0103n n\u0103n (l\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem cho tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u1eafm trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 (ch\u1ec9 chung cho to\u00e0n gia \u0111\u00ecnh) nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch, l\u1ec5 tha t\u1ed9i...Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh cho nh\u1eefng ai &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i th\u00ec nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Math. 3; Mac 1; II Cor. 11). C\u00f3 v\u00e0i ch\u1ed7 trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;em&gt;\u201cc\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; N\u00f3i chung, Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem cho con tr\u1ebb, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baptism-infant\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baptism-infant\/\" >Baptism, Infant<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Barclay, Williams (1907\u20131979)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u1ee7a Scotland (&lt;em&gt;\u00c1i-nh\u0129-lan&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Wick v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Glasgow v\u00e0 Marburg, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Scotland (&lt;em&gt;Church of Scotland&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 v\u1ec1 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Glasgow (1964). N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng qua ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh &lt;em&gt;\u201cDaily Study Bible (New Testament)\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Th\u00e1nh Kinh H\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc). Sau n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch. B\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Barclay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, v\u00e0 in d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c uy\u00ean th\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nghi\u00ean h\u1eb3n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do (&lt;em&gt;liberalism&lt;\/em&gt;): (1) Ni\u1ec1m tin to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u (&lt;em&gt;universalism&lt;\/em&gt;), kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su cho nh\u1eefng ai tin, (2) kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin v\u00e0o th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, (3) kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 nguy\u00ean sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, c\u00f2n ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 th\u00ec cho l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i kinh ph\u1ea7n C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/barclay-williams-1907-1979\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/barclay-williams-1907-1979\/\" >Barclay, Williams (1907\u20131979)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Barth, Karl (1886\u20131968)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Basel, Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (Reform). \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Bern v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 n\u0103m 1908, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u1edf Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 do. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh th\u00ec gi\u1edd bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i kinh&lt;em&gt;\u201cDer Romerbrief,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; 1919 (Gi\u1ea3ng Gi\u1ea3i S\u00e1ch R\u00f4-ma). Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng cho \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Khoa Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch \u1edf G\u00f6ttingen, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee9ng (&lt;em&gt;Neo-orthodoxy and Dialectical Theology&lt;\/em&gt;). Sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn I, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u00e2m th\u00fay l\u00e0,&lt;em&gt;\u201cChurch Dogmatic\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0110\u1ea1o L\u00ed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh), g\u1ed3m 13 quy\u1ec3n, d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 10.000 trang. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng uy\u00ean th\u00e2m, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u h\u1ebft t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n trong phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i Hitler vi\u1ebft l\u00ean B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n Barmen 1934, t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng Nazi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Si\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, s\u1ef1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c qua Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ. (2) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, v\u0129nh c\u1eefu \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian... (3) Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n sinh, kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t...v\u00ec kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua \u0110\u1ea1o (Word, Ch\u00faa Jesus). Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t uy\u00ean th\u00e2m v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o (God-man Logos). \u00d4ng v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia E. Bruner c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tranh bi\u1ec7n s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (natural theology). T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh chung tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng J. Calvin, Augustine, T. Aquinas c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/barth-karl-1886-1968\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/barth-karl-1886-1968\/\" >Barth, Karl (1886\u20131968)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Basel, First Confession of (1534)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Basel&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n minh \u0111\u1ecbnh 12 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c Tin C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi Oswald Myconius n\u0103m 1532. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn in d\u00f9ng cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf Basel, Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129 n\u0103m 1534. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n Basel c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u0103m 1536, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin M\u00fchlhausen (&lt;em&gt;the Confession of M\u00fchlhausen&lt;\/em&gt;). B\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Th\u1ee9 I n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi B\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean Helvetic n\u0103m 1536, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Th\u1ee9 II Basel, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng 37 t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi B\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Th\u1ee9 II Helvetic n\u0103m 1566 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/basel-first-confession-of-1534\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/basel-first-confession-of-1534\/\" >Basel, First Confession of (1534)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Basil the Great (ca. 330\u2013379)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u1edf Caesarea, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00edn h\u1eefu kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3. Sau khi h\u1ecdc xong \u1edf Athens, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 m\u00f4n h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n (rhetoric) n\u0103m 356. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem v\u00e0 gia nh\u1eadp d\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5 tu (&lt;em&gt;monastic&lt;\/em&gt;) \u1edf v\u00f9ng C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 364, do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Eusebius \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u1edf Caesarea. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1ed3m: (1) C\u1ed5 s\u00fay m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 tu theo Ch\u00faa trong v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. (2) X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5 tu. (3) B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00edn l\u00fd ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i. Thi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Constantinople 381, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb thuy\u1ebft &lt;em&gt;arianism.&lt;\/em&gt; S\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch Thi Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 E-sai 1-6. Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Basil V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i (&lt;em&gt;Basil the Great&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/basil-the-great-ca-330-379\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/basil-the-great-ca-330-379\/\" >Basil the Great (ca. 330\u2013379)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Baur, Ferdinand Christian (1792\u20131860)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia, thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i T\u00fcbingen B\u00ecnh Lu\u1eadn T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc (&lt;em&gt;School of New Testament Criticism&lt;\/em&gt;). Baur \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u1edbn trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u0103n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 duy l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o qua \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hegel, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (hisotrical\u2013critical method). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 chia Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ra ba ph\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng theo c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc: (1) Thu\u1ed9c Pa-let-tin\/Do Th\u00e1i (nh\u01b0 Ma-thi-\u01a1). (2) Thu\u1ed9c He-len-nit\/Phao L\u00f4 (c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 Gi\u0103ng v\u00e0 Th\u01b0 T\u00edn). (3) Thu\u1ed9c C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh (s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i). Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch &lt;em&gt;\u201cPaul the Apostle of Jesus Christ\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (2 t\u1eadp, 1845) v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong ni\u1ec1m tin chung ch\u00fang ta.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baur-ferdinand-christian-1792-1860\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baur-ferdinand-christian-1792-1860\/\" >Baur, Ferdinand Christian (1792\u20131860)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Baxter, Richard (1615\u20131691)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Thanh Gi\u00e1o Anh. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng do t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong n\u0103m 1638 thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. V\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 vua, theo d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ee7 vi\u1ec7n (parliament) v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean \u00fay, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i 1662. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i dung ho\u00e0, t\u00ecm th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nghi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n v\u0169 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i (universalism), v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1ed3m &lt;em&gt;The Saint\u2019s Everlasting Rest&lt;\/em&gt; (1650), &lt;em&gt;The Reform Pastor&lt;\/em&gt; (1656), &lt;em&gt;A Call To The Unconverted&lt;\/em&gt; (1656), &lt;em&gt;Methodus Theologiae Christianae&lt;\/em&gt; (1681) (b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La-tin), v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ef1c ra, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u1eafm trong th\u1eddi gian \u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baxter-richard-1615-1691\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/baxter-richard-1615-1691\/\" >Baxter, Richard (1615\u20131691)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Beatific Vision&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1ef9 \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;visio Dei&lt;\/em&gt; (kh\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c t\u1eeb Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n t\u1eeb tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng theo Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa trong ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/beatific-vision\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/beatific-vision\/\" >Beatific Vision<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Beelzebul&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Qu\u1ec9 V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00eal-xa-bul&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Baal-zebul&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/beelzebul\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/beelzebul\/\" >Beelzebul<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Begotten&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sinh Ra&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Only Begotten&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/begotten\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/begotten\/\" >Begotten<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Being&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3, Sinh Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 hay bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i (&lt;em&gt;becoming or change&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh. Trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy-l\u1ea1p, &lt;em&gt;being&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3, sinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi tri\u1ebft gia Aristotle, trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n &lt;em&gt;\u201cthere is\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; not &lt;em&gt;\u201cthere are\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u). V\u1ec1 sau, h\u1ecd b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn &lt;em&gt;\u201cc\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong th\u1eddi Aquinas, \u00f4ng \u0111i th\u00eam b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201ch\u1eefu th\u1ec3\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;\u201cc\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;\u201cth\u1eadt\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;em&gt;\u201cm\u1ecdi v\u1eadt\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (everything) v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;transcendental, transcending&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn \u0111i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;exist&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu) trong kh\u00f4ng gian. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;tr\u1edf n\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt; (becoming) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu to\u00e0n ch\u00e2n (&lt;em&gt;pure actuality&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn (&lt;em&gt;inimitable&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o. Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i, c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 trong Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia Paul Tillich \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i x\u00e2u h\u01a1n, \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &lt;em&gt;Being&lt;\/em&gt;, trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c &lt;em&gt;\u201cbecoming\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn) m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u1eefu th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;Being&lt;\/em&gt;), Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh. T\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh ra t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng &lt;em&gt;\u201cthi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(process theology), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;being and becoming&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3i chung, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Being (\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3, \u0110\u1ea1i Sinh Th\u1ec3) tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa &lt;em&gt;Being &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;being&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/being\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/being\/\" >Being<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Benediction&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00fac Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, C\u1ea7u Ph\u01b0\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u1eddi ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho ai (La-tin: &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;benedictio&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong n\u1ed9i dung Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban, ch\u00fac \u00a0(\u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3) ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean (S\u00e1ng 1). Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: A-\u0111am, N\u00f4-e, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ap-ra-ham. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n Do Th\u00e1i, Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh tr\u00ean \u00c1p-ra-ham. Khi Ap-ra-ham ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc ai, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc, ai ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean Ap-ra-ham, th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng v\u1eady, khi \u00f4ng r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3 ai, th\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1ecb r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3 (S\u00e1ng 12). S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3, ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh qua danh Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u1edf II C\u00f4-rin-t\u00f4 13:14, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u m\u1eabu ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u00ca-ph\u00ea-so 3:20-21, H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 13:20-21, v\u00e0 Giu-\u0111e 24-25, tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh do c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m. Ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1ef1c gi\u00e1 ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n uy quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/benediction\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/benediction\/\" >Benediction<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Berdyaev, Nikolai Alexandrovich (1874\u20131948)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, sinh v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf Kiev, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Moscow. V\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tham gia \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i n\u00ean b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nga tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t qua Ph\u00e1p. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m b\u00e1o \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Way\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i YMGA. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng dung ho\u00e0 trong ni\u1ec1m tin Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/berdyaev-nikolai-alexandrovich-1874-1948\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/berdyaev-nikolai-alexandrovich-1874-1948\/\" >Berdyaev, Nikolai Alexandrovich (1874\u20131948)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Berkeley, George (1685\u20131753)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia, sinh v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf \u00c1i-nh\u0129-lan (&lt;em&gt;Scottland&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng tri\u1ebft si\u00eau h\u00ecnh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng (&lt;em&gt;idealist metaphysics&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia Locke v\u00e0 Hume. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m (&lt;em&gt;empiricist&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Anh. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1734, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o \u1edf Cloyne, Ireland, v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u1edf Bermuda. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Berkeley: (1) B\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, (2) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu: th\u1ea7n linh (&lt;em&gt;spirit&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng (&lt;em&gt;idea&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Theo \u00f4ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi bi quan, ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00edn l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong t\u00e2m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ng\u1eedi, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn. \u00d4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng tin \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh, \u00fd th\u1ee9c, c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta. S\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m: &lt;em&gt;An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision&lt;\/em&gt; (1709), v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;A Treatise Concerning The Principles of Human Knowledge, &lt;\/em&gt;1710, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/berkeley-george-1685-1753\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/berkeley-george-1685-1753\/\" >Berkeley, George (1685\u20131753)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Berkhof, Louis (1873\u20131957)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u00d4ng sinh ra \u1edf Emmen, n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2n T\u00e2y Lan (&lt;em&gt;Netherland)&lt;\/em&gt;, n\u0103m 9 tu\u1ed5i theo cha m\u1eb9 \u0111i di d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn Grand Rapids Michigan Hoa K\u1ef3 (1882). \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng Calvin Theological Seminary (1900), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch. Sau 2 n\u0103m l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf Allendale Michigan, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 New Jersey theo h\u1ecdc cao h\u1ecdc \u1edf Princeton Theological Seminary (B. D. 1904). Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Grand Rapids ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng Calvin t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1906. V\u1ec1 sau, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1931 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua \u0111\u1eddi. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Calvin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch. S\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Systematic Theology, 1938. &lt;\/em&gt;(H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc), c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;Reformed Dogmatics, 1932 &lt;\/em&gt;(\u0110\u1ea1o L\u00ed C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch), v\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;History of Christian Doctrines,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;1937 &lt;\/em&gt;(L\u1ecbch S\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o L\u00fd H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh), v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0, &lt;em&gt;The Kingdom of God&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(1951), The Assurance of Faith&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(1928),&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Second Coming of Christ&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;1953)&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/berkhof-louis-1873-1957\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/berkhof-louis-1873-1957\/\" >Berkhof, Louis (1873\u20131957)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bernard of Clairvaux (1090\u20131153)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c phong th\u00e1nh Saint Bernard, \u00f4ng sinh n\u0103m 1090 \u1edf Fountains \u1edf x\u1ee9 Burgundy, thu\u1ed9c gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i. N\u0103m 23 tu\u1ed5i \u00f4ng v\u00e0o tu vi\u1ec7n Citeaux v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0 con k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 em m\u00ecnh. N\u0103m 1115 \u00f4ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tu vi\u1ec7n Clairvaux. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng ra h\u00e0n g\u1eafn s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Innnocent II v\u00e0 Anacletus (\u00dd, 1130). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &lt;em&gt;\u201cc\u00e1i b\u00faa cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Henry of Lausance, Arnold of Brescia, v\u00e0 Peter Abelard). N\u0103m 1140, \u00f4ng kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u1edf Genoa v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3 M. Luther, J. Calvin v\u00e0 St. Augustine, nghi\u00ean n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0 t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kh\u00e9o v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch: &lt;em&gt;de Gradibus Humilitatis et Superbiae&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(1124)&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean; &lt;em&gt;Apologia&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(1127)&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Sermones Super Cantica (1135)&lt;\/em&gt; (bao g\u1ed3m 87 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Nh\u00e3 Ca), v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i Th\u00e1nh Ca vang v\u1ecdng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 &lt;em&gt;\u201cJesus, the Very Thought of Thee\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;\u201cO Sacred Head Sore Wounded\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cJesus Thou Joy of Loving Hearts\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n phong l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i &lt;em&gt;\u201cc\u00e1i b\u00faa cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1o,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi khoa b\u1ea3ng (scholastics), v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong th\u00e1nh trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bernard-of-clairvaux-1090-1153\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bernard-of-clairvaux-1090-1153\/\" >Bernard of Clairvaux (1090\u20131153)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Beza, Theodore (1519\u20131605)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn. \u00d4ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o, gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Burgundy, h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Melchior Wolnar trong c\u1ed5 l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o (classics) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadt \u1edf Orleans (1535\u20131539). \u00d4ng \u00e2m th\u1ea7m th\u00e0nh h\u00f4n n\u0103m 1544, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u1edf Geneva. S\u1ee9c kh\u1ebbo \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t n\u00ean l\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng kinh ni\u00ean. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p (1549\u20131558) \u1edf H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n Lausanne v\u00e0 \u1edf Geneva (1559). \u00d4ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u01a1 ph\u00fa ti\u1ebfng La-tin. Sau khi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1eadp th\u01a1 Juvenalia. T\u1eeb t\u1eadp th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u00f3. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb John Calvin v\u00e0 Martin Bucer, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh th\u1eadt, l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, hai th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5, v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e3nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o (discipline). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng bi\u1ec7t tuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1ed3m &lt;em&gt;Tractationes Theologiae&lt;\/em&gt; (3 quy\u1ec3n, 1570), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;Summa Christianism&lt;\/em&gt;, nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/beza-theodore-1519-1605\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/beza-theodore-1519-1605\/\" >Beza, Theodore (1519\u20131605)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bible&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh Th\u00e1nh, Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u00e0y do ti\u1ebfng t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng Byblos, thu\u1ed9c Phoenicia x\u1ee9 Syria. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy-l\u1ea1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Byblos&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ai-c\u1eadp &lt;em&gt;\u201c&lt;u&gt;papyrus&lt;\/u&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. V\u1ec1 sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;biblion&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;. Papyrus l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf lau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p ra th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng mi\u1ebfng b\u00eca nh\u1ecf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef tr\u00ean n\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ra l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;bible &lt;\/em&gt;(cu\u1ed9n s\u00e1ch), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch. Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb g\u1ecdi &lt;em&gt;\u201cquy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t &lt;em&gt;\u201cquy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Kinh Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1970, c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Trong Vi\u1ec7t Ng\u1eef &lt;em&gt;\u201ckinh\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u00e1ch\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (do ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n), v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cth\u00e1nh\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cth\u00e1nh, hi\u1ec3n\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c. Trong Anh Ng\u1eef c\u0169ng th\u1ebf &lt;em&gt;\u201cBible\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch si\u00eau h\u1ea1ng, cao c\u1ea3, ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thi\u1ec7n, hi\u1ec3n vinh, thi\u00eang li\u00eang, th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao (&lt;em&gt;divine revelation&lt;\/em&gt;). Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n kinh ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban b\u1ed1 cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 soi s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a khi ng\u00f4n t\u1ef1 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u1edf v\u00f9ng Ba-by-l\u00f4n, Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 1,500 n\u0103m, v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 120 n\u0103m sau khi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi, qua h\u01a1n 40 b\u00fat k\u00fd gia. Th\u00e1nh Kinh bao g\u1ed3m 2 ph\u1ea7n C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc g\u1ed3m 39 s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf, T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc g\u1ed3m 27 s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf. C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 300 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 120 sau Ch\u00faa. C\u1ea3 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba bao g\u1ed3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng qua l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i 1500 n\u0103m qua h\u01a1n 40 k\u00fd thu\u1eadt gia, tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea5ng \u1ea5y c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng 40 k\u00fd thu\u1eadt gia n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft ai. C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a, l\u00e0 Giao \u01af\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m: L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i s\u1ebd ra \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eeb l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf. C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ghi ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 (ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i) v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p (c\u00f3 v\u00e0i s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng A-ram, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch \u0110a-ni-en, Gie-re-mi, v\u00e0 E-x\u01a1-ra. (Ti\u1ebfng A-ram l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e2n It-ra-en b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y). Nh\u1eefng k\u00fd thu\u1eadt gia g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf, ti\u00ean tri, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, vua, quan, m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3, s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u01a1. S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ng\u00e0y nay, Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua h\u01a1n 20 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, qua nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m g\u00e2y g\u1eaft, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed si\u00eau nhi\u00ean t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ni\u1ec1m tin cho nh\u1eefng ai tin, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00ean b\u1edfi Linh Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi soi d\u1eabn. Trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 trong ni\u1ec1m tin con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Kinh Th\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh soi d\u1eabn t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi ch\u00e9p. N\u1ed9i dung Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat sai l\u1ea7m. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf qua Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, v\u00ec t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1i l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n d\u1ea1y \u0111i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed1n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi trong ho\u1ea3 ng\u1ee5c. Kinh Th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0129nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bible\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bible\/\" >Bible<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bible Schools&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Kinh Th\u00e1nh, m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng, gi\u00e1o s\u0129, truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o... Bible Schools c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 sau: &lt;em&gt;Bible College&lt;\/em&gt;, \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh (or &lt;em&gt;Seminary&lt;\/em&gt;, Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n), &lt;em&gt;Theological Seminary,&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc. Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng &lt;em&gt;C\u1eed Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;C\u1eed Nh\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh Kinh H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt; (BA degree in Biblical Study or BA degree in Religion), c\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng &lt;em&gt;Cao H\u1ecdc Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt; (Master of Divinity &amp; Doctor of Ministry, or Doctor of Theology (Th.D), or Doctor of Philosophy of New Testament\/ or Old Testament (Ph. D) v.v\u2026). C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn (accreditation) th\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 \u0110H Harvard, Yale, University of... v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c uy t\u00edn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bible-schools\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bible-schools\/\" >Bible Schools<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bible Societies&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Kinh Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i in \u1ea5n, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn l\u00e0: &lt;em&gt;American Bible Society&lt;\/em&gt; (H\u1ed9i Kinh Th\u00e1nh Hoa K\u1ef3), &lt;em&gt;United Bible Society&lt;\/em&gt; (H\u1ed9i Kinh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1ea5t hay H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Th\u00e1nh Kinh), &lt;em&gt;Bristish and Foreign Bible Society&lt;\/em&gt; (H\u1ed9i Kinh Th\u00e1nh Anh Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Ngo\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c)...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bible-societies\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bible-societies\/\" >Bible Societies<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bible, Authority in&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng cho ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Kinh? Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m mang th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cao c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh m\u1edbi c\u00f3:&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi: V\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Chua Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh soi d\u1eabn cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m cao c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi giao \u01b0\u1edbc qua Con \u0110\u1ed9c Sanh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. Th\u00e1nh Kinh ghi ch\u00e9p Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Son of God), qua s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Linh trong th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Con lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Son of man), v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i sinh ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi b\u00e0 Ma-ri, s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea7n gian 33 n\u0103m. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0i mang ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu (Gi\u0103ng 1:1; 3:16; 14:16; Mat 1, M\u00e1c 1).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3. C\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang ra l\u00e0m s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 cho Ch\u00faa. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 th\u00eam s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa qua s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong m\u1ecdi l\u1ebd th\u1eadt Th\u00e1nh Kinh, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd ng\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su (Math. 28; M\u00e1c 16; Gi\u0103ng 21; C\u00f4ng 1,2).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh: Tu\u00e2n theo l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u rao gi\u1ea3ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng chung ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ee9ng chung v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f9ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i; v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng vinh danh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t sau c\u00f9ng (Math. 16:13-20; C\u00f4ng 1:8; 2-3; Rom 8; Eph. 5).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bible-authority-in\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bible-authority-in\/\" >Bible, Authority in<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bible, Canon of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh Kinh trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, ph\u00e1t huy v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 1, 2 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n. T\u1eeb kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;kanon&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cm\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (rule), th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1eeb n\u00e0y ra t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;ganeh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;. N\u00f3i chung, kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n bao g\u1ed3m Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i c\u00f3 39 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Christianity) l\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o (Protestant) c\u00f3 66 s\u00e1ch, c\u00f2n C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 c\u00f3 74 s\u00e1ch (th\u00eam 8 s\u00e1ch &lt;em&gt;Apocrypha&lt;\/em&gt;). Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u1ee9 kinh\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (secondary books).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u1ec1 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a M\u00f4i-se, kinh s\u1eed, thi th\u01a1, l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Ba-by-lon, Palestine: &lt;em&gt;Book of Jasher&lt;\/em&gt; (Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea 10:13), &lt;em&gt;Book of Acts of Solomon&lt;\/em&gt; (I C\u00e1c 11:41), &lt;em&gt;Book of Samuel the Seer, Book of Nathan the Prophet, Book of God the Seer&lt;\/em&gt; (I Chro. 29:29&lt;em&gt;), Book of Wars of the Lord&lt;\/em&gt; (D\u00e2n 21:14). Trong th\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam s\u1ed1 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c k\u00e8m theo Th\u00e1nh Kinh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 l\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u1ec1 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, bao g\u1ed3m 27 s\u00e1ch do nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, gom g\u00f3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n 300 n\u0103m sau Ch\u00faa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh quy\u1ec3n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 27 s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Athanasius \u1edf x\u1ee9 Alexandria, B\u1eafc Phi. Nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;manuscripts&lt;\/em&gt; (c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay) trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 1 v\u00e0 2, bao g\u1ed3m &lt;em&gt;Codex Alexandria, Book of Banaba, Hermas, Thomas, Gospel of\u00a0 Peter, Codex Sinaiticus...&lt;\/em&gt; S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1eeb Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7u k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, Kinh Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1u v\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n qua d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bible-canon-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bible-canon-of\/\" >Bible, Canon of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bible, Inerrancy and Infallibility of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh Th\u00e1nh V\u00f4 Ng\u1ed9, Kh\u00f4ng Ch\u00fat Sai L\u1ea7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb khi c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia tin v\u00e0o th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, Th\u00e1nh Kinh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 ng\u1ed9 - kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o tranh lu\u1eadn Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00f4 ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin chung. Kinh Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat sai l\u1ea7m nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd (Reason Age) \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn &lt;em&gt;\u201cv\u00f4 ng\u1ed9\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sau: (1) T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (&lt;em&gt;histority&lt;\/em&gt;), (2) s\u1ef1 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 sao y (&lt;em&gt;writting and copy&lt;\/em&gt;), (3) s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n (&lt;em&gt;transition&lt;\/em&gt;), (4) k\u00fd thu\u1eadt gia (&lt;em&gt;writers&lt;\/em&gt;), (5) s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;unity)&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 (6) s\u1ef1 soi s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o (&lt;em&gt;inspiration)&lt;\/em&gt;. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chung (&lt;em&gt;b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;) tin r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea7m trong c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean. C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201ct\u1ef1 do\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (liberals) cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai th\u1eadt trong t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ni\u1ec1m tin. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea7m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bible-inerrancy-and-infallibility-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bible-inerrancy-and-infallibility-of\/\" >Bible, Inerrancy and Infallibility of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bible, Inspiration of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Soi D\u1eabn, S\u1ef1 C\u1ea3m Th\u00fac, S\u1ef1 H\u00e0 H\u01a1i, S\u1ef1 Kh\u1ea3i Minh Kinh Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ea3m th\u00fac, soi d\u1eabn, soi s\u00e1ng (&lt;em&gt;inspire, inspiration&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch: &lt;em&gt;King James&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Revised Standard Version, New King James Version&lt;\/em&gt;. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 &lt;em&gt;New International Version, Jewish New Testament&lt;\/em&gt; l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;God \u2013 breathed&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi &lt;em&gt;h\u00e0 h\u01a1i&lt;\/em&gt; II Tim 3:16). Trong nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef Hy-l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;theopneustos&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u1edf v\u00e0o&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;h\u00e0 h\u01a1i&lt;\/em&gt;. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh tranh lu\u1eadn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u1edf v\u00e0o, h\u00e0 h\u01a1i v\u00e0o l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m cho l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Adam b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1edf n\u00ean lo\u00e0i sanh linh (S\u00e1ng 1: 27; Heb. 12: ). (2) Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. (3) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi soi d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, (4) l\u1eddi Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi th\u00e1nh t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang theo m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c Th\u00e1nh Kinh (II Tim. 3:16, &lt;em&gt;t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Phao-l\u00f4&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean, s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, sai s\u00f3t...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bible-inspiration-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bible-inspiration-of\/\" >Bible, Inspiration of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Biblical Commentary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch Gi\u1ea3i Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft l\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3ng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3i kinh gia, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n qua ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u uy\u00ean b\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u00fd ngh\u0129a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v.v\u2026 nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap t\u00edn h\u1eefu, m\u1ee5c s\u01b0, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/biblical-commentary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/biblical-commentary\/\" >Biblical Commentary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Biblical Commission, Pontifical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;U\u1ef7 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Kinh, To\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh Vatican.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/biblical-commission-pontifical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/biblical-commission-pontifical\/\" >Biblical Commission, Pontifical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Biblical Criticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea9m, Th\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecbnh Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh Kinh (t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;critic&lt;\/em&gt; trong Hy-v\u0103n l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;krinein&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t). S\u1ef1 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0o v\u0103n th\u1ec3, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. S\u1ef1 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 do c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n tri th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/biblical-criticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/biblical-criticism\/\" >Biblical Criticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Biblical Realism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ef1c Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/biblical-realism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/biblical-realism\/\" >Biblical Realism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Biblicism, Bibliolatry&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3m Lu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3m Lu\u1eadn nh\u1eafm ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0o th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, gi\u1ea3i lu\u1eadn t\u1eebng l\u1eddi, t\u1eebng c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (&lt;em&gt;historical critical method&lt;\/em&gt;) hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Bibliolatry&lt;\/em&gt; \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ni\u1ec1m tin. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta tin Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng &lt;em&gt;\u201cc\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00fang ta.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/biblicism-bibliolatry\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/biblicism-bibliolatry\/\" >Biblicism, Bibliolatry<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bibliology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Kinh H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1n Th\u00e1nh Kinh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay. M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh Kinh, th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i dung Th\u00e1nh Kinh, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bibliology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bibliology\/\" >Bibliology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Binding and Loosing&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Tha T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 M\u1edf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00edn l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf trao cho S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1, t\u1ef1a theo c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh Ma-thi-\u01a1 16:19, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 (Mat 18:18). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh tin r\u1eb1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a 2 c\u00e2u tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa trao th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 r\u1ed3i truy\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho &lt;em&gt;binding and loosing&lt;\/em&gt; (bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 tha) trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;deo&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (vb) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;lyo&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (vb), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng A-ram &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;asa&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;sera&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u &lt;em&gt;\u201cd\u1ee9t ph\u00e9p th\u00f4ng giao\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201ct\u00e1i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (excommunication and reinstatement). Theo Th\u00e1nh Kinh Ma-thi-\u01a1, th\u00ec t\u1eeb tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh th\u1eddi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Tertulian, Cyrian, v\u00e0 Origen. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng: (1) Bu\u1ed9c gi\u1eef t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tha th\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i, (2) cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi t\u00edn h\u1eefu d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tha th\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch k\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m. Trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Ma-thi-\u01a1 18:18 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/binding-and-loosing\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/binding-and-loosing\/\" >Binding and Loosing<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Binitarianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Hai Ng\u00f4i M\u1ed9t Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Hai Ng\u00f4i L\u00e0m M\u1ed9t bao g\u1ed3m ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ec9nh\/ Thi\u00ean Th\u1ee7 (Godhead) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con (Rom 4:24; II Cor 2:14; I Tim 2:5-6). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2 v\u00e0 3, do s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi &lt;em&gt;Monarchians&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo th\u1ea7y ph\u00f3 t\u1ebf &lt;em&gt;Arius&lt;\/em&gt;. Ng\u00e0y nay, ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o thi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ hay \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/binitarianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/binitarianism\/\" >Binitarianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bioethics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Sinh H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng y s\u0129, tri\u1ebft gia, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o gia \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb an sinh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb m\u1edbi trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng chung: \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u0103n s\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, y s\u0129, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tri\u1ebft gia, th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o gia, ho\u1eb7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, hay to\u00e0 \u00e1n?&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;D\u00f9 nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh, C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 thai, t\u00e0n t\u1eadt, ly d\u1ecb, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u (&lt;em&gt;killing mercy, euthanasia&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u1ea5y thai (&lt;em&gt;test-tube baby&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0111\u00fac thai (&lt;em&gt;ceramic)&lt;\/em&gt;... nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea3 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u1eabn b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho d\u00f9 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (santify of life) c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7, v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;\u201cph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (quality of life ethic) t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bioethics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bioethics\/\" >Bioethics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Birth Control&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Ng\u1eeba Thai, H\u1ea1n Ch\u1ebf Sinh \u0110\u1ebb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a y khoa v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eeba thai c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, hay ni\u1ec1m tin chung c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ng\u1eeba thai hay kh\u00f4ng? Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ai c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hay h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf? S\u1ef1 &lt;em&gt;\u201cng\u0103n ng\u1eeba\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o m\u1edbi h\u1ee3p l\u00fd? \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac th\u1ee5 thai, hay tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 &lt;em&gt;\u201cng\u1eeba thai\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; th\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng \u1edf th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u00fat n\u00e0o. (Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Bioethic, Aboration&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/birth-control\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/birth-control\/\" >Birth Control<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Birth of Jesus Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1ng Sinh C\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra b\u1edfi Trinh N\u1eef Mary \u1edf l\u00e0ng Bet-le-hem, v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng x\u1ee9 Giu-\u0111a, c\u00e1ch 6 d\u1eb7m ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem. Theo Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ep-ra-ta, n\u01a1i s\u1ebd sinh ra m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Tinh Met-si-a nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Ti\u00ean Tri Mi-ch\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 ghi (Mi-ch\u00ea 5:2). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I. N\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su sinh ra hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hang nh\u1ecf trong &lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Nativity &lt;\/em&gt;(l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y tr\u00ean n\u01a1i hang nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u01a1i sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 J. Martyr).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian sinh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Ma-thi-\u01a1 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf Lu-ca ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2 c\u00f3 ghi d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Vua \u00c2u-gut-t\u01a1, Quan Qui-ri-nius l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c x\u1ee9 Syria, c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd l\u1eadp s\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Cho n\u00ean, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i c\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec Gi\u00f4-s\u00e9p l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i nh\u00e0 \u0110a-v\u00edt, thu\u1ed9c x\u1ee9 Giu-\u0111a n\u00ean Gi\u00f4-s\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i th\u00ec Mary \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i sinh con, v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i sinh trong m\u1ed9t hang l\u1eeba nh\u1ecf \u1edf B\u1ebft-l\u00ea-hem, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Gi\u00ea-su. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri \u00ca-sai, Mi-ch\u00ea, \u00ca-x\u00ea-chi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ca ng\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n, \u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00e3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1edd l\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i. V\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su sinh ra \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/birth-of-jesus-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/birth-of-jesus-christ\/\" >Birth of Jesus Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bishop&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean Ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201coverseer\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201cpresbyter\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o) (Phi-l\u00edp 1:1). Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cm\u1ee5c s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (chief pastor, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;father&lt;\/em&gt;, cha) trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. V\u1ec1 sau, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n tr\u00f4ng xem qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh h\u1ea1t, gi\u00e1o khu. Trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, Gi\u00e1m L\u00fd, Lutheran, C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. Ri\u00eang c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u00e2n ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 B\u00e1p-t\u00edt th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 (&lt;em&gt;pastor, minister&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 Ch\u1ea5p S\u1ef1 (&lt;em&gt;deacon&lt;\/em&gt;) trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bishop\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bishop\/\" >Bishop<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bishop of Rome&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u1ede Th\u00e0nh R\u00f4-ma&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u1edf R\u00f4-ma tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng (&lt;em&gt;Pope&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Father&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh GHCG.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bishop-of-rome\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bishop-of-rome\/\" >Bishop of Rome<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bishop\u2019s Bible, The (1568)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh nhu\u1eadn ch\u00e1nh t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;The Great Bible (1539)&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in ra d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Mathew Parker. Sau \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch King James ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1611, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n K. James l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n uy t\u00edn \u0111\u1ebfn nay trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bishops-bible-the-1568\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bishops-bible-the-1568\/\" >Bishop\u2019s Bible, The (1568)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bishop\u2019s Book, The (1537)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n c\u1ea9m nang bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Anh Gi\u00e1o, gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n, Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, Th\u00e1nh Maria, v.v... Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u00e1ch c\u0169ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o quanh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh (justificaiton), l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed9i (purgatory), v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Anh Gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bishops-book-the-1537\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bishops-book-the-1537\/\" >Bishop\u2019s Book, The (1537)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bishop\u2019s War, The (163\u20131640)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 2 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn ng\u1eafn gi\u1eefa Vua N\u01b0\u1edbc Anh Charles I v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1i-nh\u0129 -lan (Scots), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vua c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eb1m trong quy\u1ec1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ch\u00ednh Ph\u1ee7, theo lu\u1eadt quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;The Common Prayer&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c Anh Gi\u00e1o. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Vua Charles I b\u1ecb h\u00ecnh x\u1eed.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bishops-war-the-163-1640\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bishops-war-the-163-1640\/\" >Bishop\u2019s War, The (163\u20131640)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Black Canons&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0110en&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 Anh, danh x\u01b0ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo nh\u1eefng kinh th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a St. Augustine. V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c theo Augustine.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/black-canons\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/black-canons\/\" >Black Canons<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Black Friars&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;D\u00f2ng Tu Dominican&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5 tu Dominican th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 4 Friars: Grey Friars (Franciscan) Austin Friars (Augustinian), Black Friars (Dominican) v\u00e0 White Friars (carmelite). L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0: &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ed1ng ngh\u00e8o m\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. (Under Vows of Powerty and Charity) trong ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa giao.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/black-friars\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/black-friars\/\" >Black Friars<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Black Mass&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 C\u1ea7u Si\u00eau \u0110en&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u1ec5 C\u1ea7u Si\u00eau cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. Trong bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y, linh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 l\u1ec5 x\u00e9 chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng \u0111en. T\u1eeb khi Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vatican II, chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o ch\u00f2ang tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb x\u00e9 \u0111\u00f4i ra do linh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 l\u1ec5. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c trong bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Sa-tan gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/black-mass\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/black-mass\/\" >Black Mass<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Black Monks&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Tu S\u0129 \u0110en&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y tu s\u0129 d\u00f2ng Benedictine v\u00e0o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Anh Qu\u1ed1c. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/black-monks\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/black-monks\/\" >Black Monks<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Black Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Da M\u00e0u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Phong tr\u00e0o thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o do c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 mang t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da m\u00e0u. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m linh ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0: th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 James Cone. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(Xem th\u00eam \u1edf &lt;strong&gt;Liberation Theology&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/black-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/black-theology\/\" >Black Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Blasphemy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1ee5c M\u1ea1, Ch\u1ebf Di\u1ec5u, Ph\u1ec9 B\u00e1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201ccurse\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;\u201cvilifying\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 qua l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m l\u0103ng m\u1ee5c, ch\u1ebf di\u1ec5u nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi hay ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Trong Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ed1i k\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong to\u00e0n quy\u1ec3n KT (Lev. 24:16; II Tim. 3:2; II Phi. 2:2; Kh\u1ea3i 16:9,11, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su \u1edf Mac 3:28).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/blasphemy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/blasphemy\/\" >Blasphemy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1ee5c M\u1ea1, Ph\u1ea1m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, nh\u1eefng ai nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha th\u1ee9 mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi (Math. 12:31; Mac 3:28). Xem th\u00eam \u1edf &lt;strong&gt;Sins Against the Holy Spirit&lt;\/strong&gt; (t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/blasphemy-against-the-holy-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/blasphemy-against-the-holy-spirit\/\" >Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bless, Blessed, Blessing&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea1nh, Ban Ph\u01b0\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb bless, t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Heb: &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;bavah&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 Hy: &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;eulogeo&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc, ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed5 ph\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fac (\u0111\u1ed5) ph\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ban cho c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (S\u00e1ng 1:28, 29, 9:26, 24:27), c\u00f2n trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ban cho c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su (Lu 1:68; II Cor 1:2, Eph 1:3). Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng: \u2019&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;asere&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;meharios&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bless-blessed-blessing\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bless-blessed-blessing\/\" >Bless, Blessed, Blessing<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Blessed Sacrament&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00ed T\u00edch Ph\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1: &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;berakah&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, blessing l\u00e0 ca ng\u1ee3i, ch\u00fac t\u1ea1, t\u00f4n vinh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ban \u01a1n ph\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/blessed-sacrament\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/blessed-sacrament\/\" >Blessed Sacrament<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Blessed Virgin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trinh N\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4 Mary l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trinh n\u1eef mang thai con tr\u1ebb Gi\u00ea-su. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi Mary l\u00e0 Blessed Virgin. (Xem th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Mary&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/blessed-virgin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/blessed-virgin\/\" >Blessed Virgin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Blood&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Huy\u1ebft hay M\u00e1u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed5 huy\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hy sinh, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ban cho m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ai. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb huy\u1ebft trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho s\u1ef1 hy sinh cao c\u1ea3. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con chi\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft thay th\u1ebf, chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Con Chi\u00ean (Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tha th\u1ee9 cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 huy\u1ebft m\u1edbi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 120 l\u1ea7n (L\u00ea 17:11; Xu\u1ea5t 12:13; 30:10; Heb. 9:11-14, 22; Rom. 3:25; Eph. 2:13; I Gi\u0103ng 5:6; Kh\u1ea3i 19:13).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/blood\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/blood\/\" >Blood<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Blood of Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Huy\u1ebft C\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 ra tr\u00ean th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t Giao \u01af\u1edbc cho s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi (Math. 26:28; Mac 14:24; Luca 22:20; Heb. 9:11-14; 22; I Gi\u0103ng 1:7).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/blood-of-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/blood-of-jesus\/\" >Blood of Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Boasting\/Pride&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 H\u00e0o, Khoe\/\/Khoe Khoang, Ki\u00eau Ng\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Khoe v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 2 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t l\u1eabn x\u1ea5u. S\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o v\u00e0 khoe khoang ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;boasting&lt;\/em&gt; trong Anh Ng\u1eef l\u00e0 th\u1ebf! Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, khoe khoang c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa khoe v\u00e0 khoe khoang, ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o. Xem Gi\u00ea-re-mi 9:23-24. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean khoe khoang\/ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khoe m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169ng v\u1eady, Phao-l\u00f4 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean &lt;em&gt;\u201cai khoe m\u00ecnh h\u00e3y khoe m\u00ecnh trong Ch\u00faa\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (I Cor 1:29; 4:7; 3:18) v\u00e0 Gia-c\u01a1 c\u0169ng khuy\u00ean \u1edf Gia-c\u01a1 4:6 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 k\u1ebb ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o (the proud), nh\u01b0ng ban \u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/boasting-pride\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/boasting-pride\/\" >Boasting\/Pride<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Body&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Th\u00e2n X\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;soma&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-ro, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n cho th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3: &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;basar&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;flesh&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ec3, x\u00e1c d\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;body &lt;\/em&gt;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n 140 l\u1ea7n trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta (&lt;em&gt;human body&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt, x\u00e1c th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;flesh&lt;\/em&gt;), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 (Gal 2:20, 4:13; Col 1:22; Phi-l\u00edp 1:22), v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ham mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c\/d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh (Rom 6:12; Gal 5:16). T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e1c th\u1ec3, d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh thay \u0111\u1ed5i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn l\u1edbn trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i? (&lt;em&gt;resurrection of the body&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng da b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecbt. Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0 \u00e1n tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng hay xu\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea3 ng\u1ee5c (I T\u00eas 4, II Phi 3, Kh\u1ea3i 20). Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su khi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (Math. 28; Gi\u0103ng 20-21).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/body\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/body\/\" >Body<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Body \u2013 Soul Dualism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Th\u00e2n H\u1ed3n \u0110\u1ed3ng Nguy\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 2 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;dualism&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec7n \u2013 \u00e1c, Th\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n \u00c1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/body-soul-dualism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/body-soul-dualism\/\" >Body \u2013 Soul Dualism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bohemian Brethren&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Anh Em B\u00f4-he-mien&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u00f3m t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u1edf x\u1ee9 B\u00f4-he-mien v\u00e0 Mo-ra-vi (&lt;em&gt;Moravia&lt;\/em&gt;) \u1edf Th\u00e1nh Kinh 15 \u0111\u00e3 theo s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Tu S\u0129 John Huss (1372 \u2013 1415) trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, tin v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh kinh l\u00e0 m\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf (Christ) l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Trung B\u1ea3o duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bohemian-brethren\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bohemian-brethren\/\" >Bohemian Brethren<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bonaventure (1221\u20131274)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng tu Franciscan, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Viterbo, h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Paris d\u01b0\u1edbi H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3 Alexandria of Hales (Anh), v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y (1256). S\u00e1ch thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadn l\u00fd, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, t\u00edn l\u00fd v\u1ec1 Ba Ng\u00f4i, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bonaventure-1221-1274\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bonaventure-1221-1274\/\" >Bonaventure (1221\u20131274)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bondage of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u00f4 L\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. (&lt;em&gt;Gal. 5&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bondage-of-sin-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bondage-of-sin-2\/\" >Bondage of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bondage of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u00f4 L\u1ec7 C\u1ee7a T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m Tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh cho bi\u1ebft, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf trong s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 trong t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bondage-of-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bondage-of-sin\/\" >Bondage of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bondage of the Will&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00dd Ch\u00ed N\u00f4 L\u1ec7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00fd ch\u00ed n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u201c\u00fd ch\u00ed n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d c\u1ee7a Sa-tan cai qu\u1ea3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bondage-of-the-will-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bondage-of-the-will-2\/\" >Bondage of the Will<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bondage of the Will&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u00f4 L\u1ec7 C\u1ee7a \u00dd Mu\u1ed1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;will &lt;\/em&gt;(\u00fd mu\u1ed1n) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, tham mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. Th\u00e1nh Kinh cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c th\u1ec3, xasc th\u1ecbt, x\u1ea5u xa, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi (&lt;em&gt;Gal. 5&lt;\/em&gt;). Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a tin Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng \u00fd mu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh s\u1ebd ban quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf trong n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00fd mu\u1ed1n t\u01b0 k\u1ef7 n\u1eefa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bondage-of-the-will\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bondage-of-the-will\/\" >Bondage of the Will<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bondage, Freedom from&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Do Kh\u1ecfi N\u00f4 L\u1ec7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7: (1) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 n\u00f4-l\u1ec7, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Sa-tan v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. (2) Khi t\u00e1i sanh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, (3) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t (Roma 5-8).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bondage-freedom-from\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bondage-freedom-from\/\" >Bondage, Freedom from<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bonhoeffer, Dietrich (1906 \u20131945)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther.\u00a0 \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y nay. \u00d4ng sinh ra \u1edf Breslau, \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945 b\u1ecb x\u1eed h\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 giam \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi H\u00edt-le. Thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf, Bonhoeffer l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 8 anh em. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eadu ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc B\u00e1-lin v\u1eeba l\u00fac 21 tu\u1ed5i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du h\u1ecdc h\u1eadu ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u1edf Union Theological Seminary New York, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m tuy\u00ean u\u00fd cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc B\u00e1-lin n\u0103m 1933, v\u1eeba khi l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 H\u00edt-le n\u1eafm ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tu ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c X\u00e3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua Anh Qu\u1ed1c d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 n\u0103m. V\u00ec l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft 1943. Trong ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. S\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cThe Cost of Discipleship\u201d, \u201cLife Together\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. \u00a0S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau cao tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00ed s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bonhoeffer-dietrich-1906-1945\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bonhoeffer-dietrich-1906-1945\/\" >Bonhoeffer, Dietrich (1906 \u20131945)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Book of Common Order&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch C\u1ea9m Nang M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa chung c\u1ee7a Church of Scotland (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u00c1i-nh\u0129-lan&lt;\/em&gt;), li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o. (Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Common Oder&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/book-of-common-order\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/book-of-common-order\/\" >Book of Common Order<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Book of Common Prayer&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch C\u1ea9m Nang L\u1ec5 Nguy\u1ec7n Chung&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa chung cho c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Anh Qu\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u0103m 1549 b\u1eb1ng Anh Ng\u1eef thay v\u00ec La-tin, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Mary (Blood Mary) v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m d\u00f9ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tin d\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Elizabeth, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m trong th\u1eddi Commonwealth (1649\u20131660). \u00a0M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1662, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tin d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1789.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/book-of-common-prayer\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/book-of-common-prayer\/\" >Book of Common Prayer<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Book of Common Prayer&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n Chung&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf Anh, d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n do Thomas Cramer bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/book-of-common-prayer-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/book-of-common-prayer-2\/\" >Book of Common Prayer<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Book of Concord (1580)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Concord&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Concord, book of.&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/book-of-concord-1580\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/book-of-concord-1580\/\" >Book of Concord (1580)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Book of Confessions&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u00e1ch s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m 11 b\u1ea3n t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Nguy\u00ean B\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Hoa K\u1ef3 (PCUSA).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/book-of-confessions\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/book-of-confessions\/\" >Book of Confessions<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Book of Discipline&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch Quy T\u1eafc M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ec7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m t\u00edn l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea9m nang c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed Th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;United Methodist&lt;\/em&gt;). S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n m\u1ed7i 4 n\u0103m theo \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Chung quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/book-of-discipline\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/book-of-discipline\/\" >Book of Discipline<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Book of Life&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu\u1edf xa x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb khi sinh \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch\/ s\u1ed5 \u0111\u0103ng b\u1ed9 . C\u00f9ng \u00fd \u0111\u00f3, Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf Xu\u1ea5t 32:32; Thi 69:28 v\u00e0 \u00ca-sai 4:3. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho ni\u1ec1m tin, s\u00e1ch d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. S\u00e1ch d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh (&lt;em&gt;Tin Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong thi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi \u0110CT. V\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ecb x\u00e9t x\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 t\u00ean trong s\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u (Kh\u1ea3i 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12-15). Hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch ghi t\u00ean nh\u1eefng ai l\u00e0 Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/book-of-life\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/book-of-life\/\" >Book of Life<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Born Again&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e1i Sinh, Sinh L\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Birth, New&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/born-again\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/born-again\/\" >Born Again<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Born Again, Regeneration&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e1i Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Sinh L\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/born-again-regeneration\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/born-again-regeneration\/\" >Born Again, Regeneration<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Born of the Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sinh B\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;strong&gt;Resurection.&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/born-of-the-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/born-of-the-spirit\/\" >Born of the Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Boston, Thomas (1676\u20131732)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Marrow Controversy. \u00a0\u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 hu\u1ea5n \u1edf Edinburgh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1. N\u00f3i chung, Boston \u0111\u00e3 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c cho gi\u00e1o l\u00ed \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i chung c\u1ee7a \u00c1i-nh\u0129-lan ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0 V\u1ec1 sau gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, \u00f4ng lui v\u1ec1 y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, vi\u1ebft l\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00ecnh: &lt;em&gt;The Fourfold State of Human Nature; The Cook in the Lot&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/boston-thomas-1676-1732\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/boston-thomas-1676-1732\/\" >Boston, Thomas (1676\u20131732)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bottomless Pit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u1ef1c\/ H\u1ed1 Th\u1eb3m Kh\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e1y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Heb. &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tehom&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;\u201cthe deep\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (n\u01a1i s\u00e2u th\u1ea9m). Di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3: (1) N\u01a1i m\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201ccon th\u00fa\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201ck\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i l\u00ean (I Gi\u0103ng 2:18; Kh\u1ea3i 11:7; 17:8; 20:1-3), r\u1ed3i \u0111i kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gian d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, k\u00e9o l\u00f4i d\u00e2n ch\u00fang theo n\u00f3. (2) N\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd qu\u0103ng Sa-tan v\u00e0 ma qu\u1ef7 giam c\u00f9m trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bottomless-pit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bottomless-pit\/\" >Bottomless Pit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bread, Leavened and Unleavened&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1nh m\u00ec c\u00f3 men v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng men. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng b\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng men trong l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh, c\u00f2n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng b\u00e1nh c\u00f3 men (th\u1ef1c ra, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bread-leavened-and-unleavened\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bread-leavened-and-unleavened\/\" >Bread, Leavened and Unleavened<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Breeches Bible (1560)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Breeches&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Geneva, tr\u00edch ra t\u1eeb danh t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201cbreeches\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch cho c\u00e2u S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 3:7, (breech c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e1o che, t\u1ea5m t\u01a1i, kh\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 che th\u00e2n l\u00fac A-\u0111am v\u00e0 \u00ca-va \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/breeches-bible-1560\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/breeches-bible-1560\/\" >Breeches Bible (1560)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Brethren of the Common Life&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00f3m&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Anh Em C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Chung&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u00f3m t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf Netherland, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14&lt;sup&gt;th &lt;\/sup&gt;- 17&lt;sup&gt;th &lt;\/sup&gt;do \u00f4ng Gerhard Groote (1340 \u2013 1380). \u00d4ng F. R. Groote l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y (d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0), h\u1ecd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c s\u0129 (clergy, laity), \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh, t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n. Ra t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Brethren of Eramus, v\u00e0 Thomas \u00e0 Kempis. Sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; th\u00ec c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y ho\u00e0 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u00f3m ri\u00eang n\u1eefa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/brethren-of-the-common-life\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/brethren-of-the-common-life\/\" >Brethren of the Common Life<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bride of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u00e0ng D\u00e2u C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 N\u00e0ng D\u00e2u, m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 Ch\u00e0ng R\u1ec5, theo s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 21: 2, 9; 22:17. (Xem th\u00eam \u1edf m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Church&lt;\/strong&gt;- &lt;strong&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bride-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bride-of-christ\/\" >Bride of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Brief Statement of Faith (1991)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n T\u1eaft Minh \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ee9c Tin, 1991&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o (U.S.A). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110CT\u00a0 Ba Ng\u00f4i, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o Ng\u00f4i Hai c\u1ee7a Ba Ng\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 Th\u1ee5 Phong cho N\u1eef l\u00e0m M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Qu\u1ea3n Nhi\u1ec7m H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/brief-statement-of-faith-1991\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/brief-statement-of-faith-1991\/\" >Brief Statement of Faith (1991)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bristish Israel Theory&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00fd Thuy\u1ebft D\u00f2ng D\u00f5i Do Th\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n John Sadler, t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng &lt;em&gt;The Rights of the Kingdom&lt;\/em&gt; (1649). \u00dd d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n qua quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;Our Israelitish Origin&lt;\/em&gt; (1814), cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi ph\u00e1i th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c Israel khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y qua x\u1ee9 A-sy-ri v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 722\u2013721 BC. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, trong \u0111\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Worldwide Church of God&lt;\/em&gt;, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a H. W. Armstrong qua t\u1edd &lt;em&gt;The Plaintruth&lt;\/em&gt; ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1eed li\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; (1900 -), s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt, \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 c\u1ea3. Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ghi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00e1i b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. C\u00f3 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c d\u00f9ng cho l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y &lt;em&gt;Bristsh Israelitism&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bristish-israel-theory\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bristish-israel-theory\/\" >Bristish Israel Theory<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Brokenness of Revelation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 G\u00e3y \u0110\u1ed7 C\u1ee7a Minh Kh\u1ea3i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 minh kh\u1ea3i th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;divine revelation)&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c\/th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00ec c\u1edb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia K. Barth (1886 \u2013 1968) v\u00e0 Emil Brunner (1889 \u2013 1966) trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/brokenness-of-revelation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/brokenness-of-revelation\/\" >Brokenness of Revelation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Brown, William Adama (1865\u20131943)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i chung v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do. Brown \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York, h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Yale, \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Union, v\u00e0 \u1edf Berlin (\u0110\u1ee9c) d\u01b0\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Harnack. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Union d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i (atonement) ch\u1ec9 qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a (transform) \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ng\u00f4i N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng tham gia phong tr\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i chung, qua vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi (&lt;em&gt;World Conncil of Church&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch t\u00edn l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 suy \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y: &lt;em&gt;The Church: Catholic and Protestant&lt;\/em&gt; (1935), &lt;em&gt;Toward a United Church&lt;\/em&gt; (1946), &lt;em&gt;A Teacher and His Time&lt;\/em&gt; (1940), v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Christian Theology in Outline&lt;\/em&gt; (1906).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/brown-william-adama-1865-1943\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/brown-william-adama-1865-1943\/\" >Brown, William Adama (1865\u20131943)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Brunner Heinrich Emil (1889 \u2013 1966)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o T\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng (\u00f4ng v\u00e0 K. Barth) c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 l\u00e0 1 trong 3 lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (K. Barth, E. Burnner, v\u00e0 Bultman) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cBa B\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia (Three B). Phong tr\u00e0o thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a K. Barth \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m khuynh \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qua c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch: Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee9ng, Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Kh\u1ee7ng Ho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Winterthur, g\u1ea7n Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129, h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Zurich v\u00e0 Berlin, \u0111\u1eadu b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1913 (Th. D). Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng sang Anh (1914) d\u1ea1y, v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i trong th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 I, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Qu\u1ea3n Nhi\u1ec7m H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u1edf Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129 (Switzerland). N\u0103m 1919 \u2013 1920, \u00f4ng sang Hoa K\u1ef3 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam 1 n\u0103m \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Union, New York city, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Zurich. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u1edf Tokyo, International Christian University. Sau 1955, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ecb tai bi\u1ebfn, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh th\u00ec gi\u1edd vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong su\u1ed1t 49 n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft h\u01a1n 396 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, lu\u1eadn \u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. C\u00f3 h\u01a1n 23 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra\u00a0 Anh Ng\u1eef. Quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;The Mediator&lt;\/em&gt; (1927) l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o L\u00ed Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf qua bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc: &lt;em&gt;The Divine Human Encounter&lt;\/em&gt; (1938), &lt;em&gt;Man In Revolt&lt;\/em&gt; (1938), &lt;em&gt;Revelation and Reason&lt;\/em&gt; (1946), &lt;em&gt;The Christian Doctrine of Cord &lt;\/em&gt;(1949), &lt;em&gt;The Christian of Question and Redemption&lt;\/em&gt; (1952), v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;The Christian Doctrine of Christian Faith and Consummation &lt;\/em&gt;(1962). Gi\u1eefa \u00f4ng v\u00e0 K. Barth \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng S\u1ef1 Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;Natural Revelation&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb \u0110\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec7t (&lt;em&gt;Special Revelation, &lt;\/em&gt;Barth). \u00d4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Soren Kierkegaard (v\u1ec1&lt;em&gt; Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Martin Buber&#039;s (v\u1ec1 &lt;em&gt;I \u2013 Thow \u00dd Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf (&lt;em&gt;Christology&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o (&lt;em&gt;Creator&lt;\/em&gt;). S\u1ef1 Minh Kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Trong Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean, S\u1eed T\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 Nguy\u00ean Sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 Sai Tr\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Soi S\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean L\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i. N\u00f3i chung, \u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Brunnerian&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i Brunner&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia E. Brunner (1889 \u2013 1966) ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129. \u00d4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm theo S. Kierkegaard (1813 \u2013 1955), x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi T\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o (neo-orthodoxy). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 khai m\u1edf t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0110i\u1ec3m H\u1eb9n Gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia K. Barth) v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh. \u00a0Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng S\u1ef1 Minh Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/brunner-heinrich-emil-1889-1966\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/brunner-heinrich-emil-1889-1966\/\" >Brunner Heinrich Emil (1889 \u2013 1966)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Brushnell, Horace (1802 \u2013 1876)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n &lt;em&gt;\u201cth\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3\u201d(liberal theology)&lt;\/em&gt;. Brushnell sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf Connecticut, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Yale Divinity School, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Samuel Taylor Coleridge. \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i, Brushnell l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef theo \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n khai ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do. S\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m: &lt;em&gt;Christian Nature &lt;\/em&gt;(1847), mang t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n d\u1ea1y cho l\u1edbp tr\u1ebb Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i thuy\u1ebft. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;God in Christ&lt;\/em&gt; (1849), lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. V\u00ec v\u1eady, l\u1eddi Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng &lt;em&gt;Nature and the Supernatural&lt;\/em&gt; (1859), cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u chia x\u1ebb ni\u1ec1m tin chung, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;Vicarious Sacrifice&lt;\/em&gt; (1866), bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh, ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. N\u00f3i chung, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a Brushnell \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o, tri\u1ebft gia ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 F. Schleiermacher, Coleridge, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, l\u1ea1c quan cho n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/brushnell-horace-1802-1876\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/brushnell-horace-1802-1876\/\" >Brushnell, Horace (1802 \u2013 1876)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Buber, Martin (1879 \u2013 1965)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gia g\u1ed1c Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. Buber \u0111\u00e3 sinh \u1edf trung \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Do Th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i Zionism. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi cha m\u1eb9 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Hasidism. C\u0169ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a cho Ng\u00e0i. N\u0103m 1938, \u00f4ng r\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Jerusalem d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Jerusalem. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 th\u1eadt qua s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Hasidic l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cI and Thou\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (T\u00f4i v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 Fr. Grogarten , K. Barth, K. Heim, D. Bonhoeffer, v\u00e0 R. Bultmann, v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/buber-martin-1879-1965\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/buber-martin-1879-1965\/\" >Buber, Martin (1879 \u2013 1965)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bucer, Martin and Bucerias (1491 \u2013 1551)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Anh. \u00d4ng gia nh\u1eadp &lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i \u0110o\u00e0n Dominican Order&lt;\/em&gt; n\u0103m 1506, do Nh\u00f3m Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf Dominic de Guzman (1216) s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y chia x\u1ebb m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. \u00d4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00f4ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch v\u00e0 Luther (g\u1ea7n Tin L\u00e0nh h\u01a1n C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean M. Luther v\u00e0 J. Calvin. \u00d4ng \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m linh ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a J. Wesley v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a J. Calvin trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Cambridge. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng khi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (1950s), v\u00e0 tu ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Book of Common Prayer\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1952).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bucer-martin-and-bucerias-1491-1551\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bucer-martin-and-bucerias-1491-1551\/\" >Bucer, Martin and Bucerias (1491 \u2013 1551)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bulgakov, Sergei Nikolaevich (1870 \u2013 1944)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh t\u1ebf gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i khi c\u00f2n b\u00e9. \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Moscow (1894), r\u1ed3i h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Berlin, \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Paris, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc London, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Nga \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc \u1edf Moscow chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, khoa h\u1ecdc, bu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Moscow v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u1edf Paris 1925 (khi \u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi Nga).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a Karl Macx v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a Huy\u1ec1n B\u00ed \u2013 v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o \u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng, S\u1ef1 Kh\u00f4n Ngoan t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 Trung Gian gi\u1eefa \u0110\u01b0c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi qua H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: &lt;em&gt;The Unfading Light&lt;\/em&gt; (1917), &lt;em&gt;Jacob\u2019s Ladder&lt;\/em&gt; (1929), &lt;em&gt;The Orthodox Church&lt;\/em&gt; (1935), &lt;em&gt;The Comforter&lt;\/em&gt; (1939) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;The Wisdom of God, a Brief Summary of Sophiology&lt;\/em&gt; (1937).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bulgakov-sergei-nikolaevich-1870-1944\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bulgakov-sergei-nikolaevich-1870-1944\/\" >Bulgakov, Sergei Nikolaevich (1870 \u2013 1944)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bull, Papal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u1ec7nh, L\u1ec7nh Ch\u1ec9, Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latin &lt;em&gt;Bulla &lt;\/em&gt;(Lead Seal), l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9, l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng ban xu\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i thi h\u00e0nh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi con d\u1ea5u, d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9c hay kim b\u00e0i c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 v\u00e0 Phao-l\u00f4. Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y mang nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng truy\u1ec1n cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bull-papal\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bull-papal\/\" >Bull, Papal<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bullinger, Johann Heinrich (1504 \u2013 1575)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba Zwingli \u1edf Zurich, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 (m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ea1t). Trong khi h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u uy\u00ean th\u00e2m Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Sau khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea t\u1eeb Zurich, \u00f4ng k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Zwingli c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. B\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau khi Zwingli ch\u1ebft, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Zurich nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 (Swiss Reformation). \u00d4ng l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi J. Calvin \u1edf Geneva.\u00a0 \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, gi\u1ea3ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh, lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc trong ni\u1ec1m tin C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh. \u00a0\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u1eed cho GH C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u00e1ch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Decades&lt;\/em&gt;, s\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m 50 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng d\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0o T\u00edn L\u00ed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh.\u00a0 S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1549-51, v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef ngay sang ti\u1ebfng Anh, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c. \u1ede Anh, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng, s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 Calvin c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9ng sau h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i chia r\u1ebd trong phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng Helvetic II, 1566 nh\u1eb1m li\u00ean k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh to\u00e0n \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Bullinger \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1u trung nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a GH C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 Trung T\u00e2m Th\u00e1nh Kinh, Tr\u1ecdng T\u00e2m Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, T\u00f4n Vinh \u0110CT, S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u1eadt v\u1edbi hai Th\u00e1nh L\u1ec5 quan tr\u1ecdng B\u00e1p-t\u00eam v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o cho h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bullinger-johann-heinrich-1504-1575\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bullinger-johann-heinrich-1504-1575\/\" >Bullinger, Johann Heinrich (1504 \u2013 1575)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bultmann Rudolf (1884 \u2013 1976)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201c3 B thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (three B theologians). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i kinh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u00d4ng nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Marburg. N\u00f3i chung, t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u00f4ng l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c uy\u00ean b\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00d4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia Martin Heidergger \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh trong khi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i T\u01af, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1eed h\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;historical critical methods&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. V\u00ec Bultmann lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ee7a M. Heiddergger \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t hay minh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong kinh T\u01af, do \u0111\u00f3, qua \u00f4ng kinh T\u01af \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt (facts) v\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed (mysth) l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec1u huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: Ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i, huy\u1ebft tha t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh c\u1eefu, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su.v.v\u2026 \u0110\u1ee9c tin c\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;reason age&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec sao?!!\u00a0 Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch mang t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Demysthology&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ni\u1ec1m tin. S\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 g\u00ec, n\u1ebfu g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed \u0111\u00f3?!! T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Bultmann \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u2013 Ch\u00faa Jesus L\u1ecbch S\u1eed hay Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0110\u1ee9c Tin (&lt;em&gt;Jesus of History or Jesus of Faith&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u00e1ng tin ngay trong HT \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean?&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bultmann-rudolf-1884-1976\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bultmann-rudolf-1884-1976\/\" >Bultmann Rudolf (1884 \u2013 1976)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Bunyan, John (1628-1688)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. \u00a0Bunyan tuy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n trung c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1. Trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec1m tin gi\u1eefa C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u2013 c\u1ea5m c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ee9c tin gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u01b0ng Th\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u00c2u-ch\u00e2u (&lt;em&gt;Common Wealth&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft nh\u1ed1t trong ng\u1ee5c su\u1ed1t 12 n\u0103m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea3 ra, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u0103n c\u1ea5m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c rao gi\u1ea3ng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n; r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb b\u1eaft nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 ra, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y mai s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c rao gi\u1ea3ng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa\u2026 Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ed1t s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean d\u00e0n h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau trong th\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Mary \u1edf Anh Qu\u1ed1c trong kh\u1ed1i C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m vi\u1ebft trong t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eb1ng tri\u1ec7u t\u00edn h\u1eefu l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd: &lt;em&gt;The Pilgrim Progress&lt;\/em&gt; (Thi\u00ean L\u1ed9 L\u1ecbch Tr\u00ecnh), &lt;em&gt;Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Defense of Justification&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng sau khi ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00f9 l\u00e0, &lt;em&gt;The Holy War&lt;\/em&gt;, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec7n nay nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bunyan-john-1628-1688\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/bunyan-john-1628-1688\/\" >Bunyan, John (1628-1688)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Butler, Joseph (1692 \u2013 1752)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn (&lt;em&gt;deism&lt;\/em&gt;), bi\u1ec7n minh ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00d4ng sinh ra trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u1edf Wattage, Berkshire. Cha m\u1eb9 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 GH Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng sau \u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Oxford, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 (1718), v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf Rolls Chapel, London (1719 \u2013 1726). Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, tuy\u00ean tu\u00fd, tu\u1ef3 vi\u00ean cho N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Caroline (1736 \u2013 1737), v\u00e0 sau l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Gi\u00e1o S\u1edf Durham, l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u1edf gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng kim c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n \u1edf Anh v\u00e0 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. S\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;The Analogy of Religion Natural and Revealed to the Constitution and Course of Nature&lt;\/em&gt; (1736), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 &lt;em&gt;Fifteen Sermons Preached at&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;the Rolls Chapel&lt;\/em&gt; (1726) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Six Sermons&lt;\/em&gt;. C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t theo l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/butler-joseph-1692-1752\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/butler-joseph-1692-1752\/\" >Butler, Joseph (1692 \u2013 1752)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Byzantine Period&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Byzantine&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; (g\u1ed3m 10 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7) d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf Constantinople \u2013 x\u1ee9 Istanbul, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, do c\u00e1c vua t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 cai tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o theo Ch\u00faa, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi Byzantum.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/byzantine-period\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/byzantine-period\/\" >Byzantine Period<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-c mix\" data-filter-base=\"c\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">C<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;C. E \u201cCommon Era\u201d&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Chung&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i sau khi Ch\u00faa Jesus gi\u00e1ng th\u1ebf. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb A. D (Lat. &lt;em&gt;Anno Domini&lt;\/em&gt;, \u201c&lt;em&gt;year of the Lord&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa). Tuy vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra c\u0169ng trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i sau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf. B. C. E.: tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa (or B. C) hay A. D.: sau Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/c-e-common-era\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/c-e-common-era\/\" >C. E \u201cCommon Era\u201d<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Caesar&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Danh X\u01b0ng C\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf S\u00ea-sa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Kaisar&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, ti\u1ebfng La-tin l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf La-m\u00e3 (t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 1 \u2013 3 AD). Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf S\u00ea-sa \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh to\u00e0n Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf M\u00e1c 12:14-17, Gi\u0103ng 19:12, C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 25:8-12.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/caesar\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/caesar\/\" >Caesar<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cainites&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Ca-in Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II, m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1i Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn (&lt;em&gt;Gnostic sect&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u00e3 ca ng\u1ee3i Ca-in v\u00e0 Giu-\u0111a It-ca-riot cho r\u1eb1ng: Ca-in l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f2n Giu-\u0111a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cainites\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cainites\/\" >Cainites<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Caird, John (1820 \u2013 1898)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia c\u1ee7a \u00c1i-nh\u0129-lan. \u00d4ng sinh trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n \u1edf Greewock. Th\u1ee7a nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1m H\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110H Glasgow University, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Victoria, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi em n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Edward ca t\u1ee5ng. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng theo Calvin, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p cho l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu l\u00ed gi\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng nghi\u00ean theo tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00e2n Hegel v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia Spinoza. S\u00e1ch \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m &lt;em&gt;Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion &lt;\/em&gt;(1880), lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 &lt;em&gt;The Fundamental Ideas of Christianity&lt;\/em&gt; (1899). \u00d4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh. \u00d4ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft B\u00e1n H\u1eefu Th\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh Kinh (&lt;em&gt;semi \u2013 biblical theism&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/caird-john-1820-1898\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/caird-john-1820-1898\/\" >Caird, John (1820 \u2013 1898)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cajatan, Thomas de Vio (1469 \u2013 1534)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0110a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Martin Luther, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 cho \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia, thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed3ng Y c\u1ee7a GHCGLM. \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc \u1edf Bologna v\u00e0 Padua, gia nh\u1eadp d\u00f2ng tu Dominican (1484), v\u1ec1 sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tu Dominican, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c x\u1ee9 Gaeta (1518). \u00d4ng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Thomas Aquinas qua quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;Summa Theologica&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cajatan-thomas-de-vio-1469-1534\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cajatan-thomas-de-vio-1469-1534\/\" >Cajatan, Thomas de Vio (1469 \u2013 1534)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Calendar, Liturgical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nghi L\u1ec5 L\u1ecbch Bi\u1ec3u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nghi l\u1ec5, c\u1eed l\u1ec5 theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/calendar-liturgical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/calendar-liturgical\/\" >Calendar, Liturgical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Call, Calling&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 K\u00eau G\u1ecdi, Ti\u1ebfng Thi\u00ean Tri\u1ec7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi, tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i giao ph\u00f3 cho. Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;kalein&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (to call), ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;vocatio&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (vocation). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh cho Ch\u00faa. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi g\u1ecdi Abraham, M\u00f4i-se, \u00ca-li, \u00ca-sai, Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00ean tri kh\u00e1c. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi 12 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 Phao-l\u00f4. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 sai h\u1ecd \u0111i ra rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ng\u00e0y nay, s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 3 \u0111i\u1ec3m: (1) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n rao gi\u1ea3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0 m\u1ea5t chung quanh, (2) Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh th\u00fac d\u1ee5c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111i ra rao gi\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 (3) S\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi, &lt;em&gt;\u201cTh\u01b0a Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 con \u0111\u00e2y, xin h\u00e3y sai con\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(E-sai 6).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0\u00a0 &lt;\/em&gt;Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn qua vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1eb7t tay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 (xem Math. 4:21; Rom. 1:1; C\u00f4ng 13:3; Gal. 5:13; I Tim. 6:12). Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa trong c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi (Rom. 9:23-26; I Cor. 1:26; 7:22). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng thi\u00ean tri\u1ec7u v\u1edbi l\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3. &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Calling, Special&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ebfng G\u1ecdi \u0110\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ng\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n. \u00dd chung, s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn lao (phi th\u01b0\u1eddng) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m ti\u00ean tri, l\u00e0m vua, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/call-calling\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/call-calling\/\" >Call, Calling<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Calvary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Danh X\u01b0ng, \u0110\u1ed3i S\u1ecd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Calvaria&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (c\u00e1i s\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi), ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;kranion&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, ti\u1ebfng A-ram &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Gogotha&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh c\u00e1c t\u1eed t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i s\u1ecd khi \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb xa (Math. 27:32; Mac 15:22).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/calvary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/calvary\/\" >Calvary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Calvin, John (1509 \u2013 1564)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a t\u00edn l\u00fd v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o (Presbyterian).\u00a0 Calvin \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra \u1edf Noyon, Picardie (Ph\u00e1p). Cha c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u1edf Noyon. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Paris h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec cha \u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u00edch m\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng \u0111i h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadt \u1edf Orleans. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ra lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u1edf Bourges v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (Protestant). Sau khi cha qua \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng d\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 Paris. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng tham gia c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Paris \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 \u00dd, Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129. Khi \u1edf Basel, Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch, quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Institutes of The Christian Religion&lt;\/em&gt; (1536). Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 (W. Farel) c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ed5 s\u00fay phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t.\u00a0 N\u0103m 1538, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Strasbourg (1538 \u2013 1541). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u0103m 1541 \u00f4ng lui v\u1ec1 \u1edf Geneva d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, trong c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gia trong thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n St. Ausgustine, St. Thomas Aquinas cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i kinh l\u1edbn nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp (&lt;em&gt;Calvin\u2019s Commentaries&lt;\/em&gt;), hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc tin l\u00e0nh n\u00f3i chung. S\u1edf d\u0129 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Calvin v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng v\u00ec khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0110CT Ba Ng\u00f4i, Th\u00e1nh Kinh, s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c sau\u2026 &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Calvinism&lt;\/strong&gt; (T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed). T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia John Calvin qua s\u00e1ch v\u1edf r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i kinh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 g\u1ed3m 22 quy\u1ec3n (&lt;em&gt;Calvin\u2019s Commentaries&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd Th\u00e1nh Kinh. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m trong 5 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i TULIP, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i trong Anh Ng\u1eef, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0: (1) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Total depravity&lt;\/em&gt;). (2) T\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Unconditional love&lt;\/em&gt;). (3) \u0110\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (&lt;em&gt;Limited Atonement&lt;\/em&gt;). (4) \u00c2n \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb\/ \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh (&lt;em&gt;Irresistible grace\/ predestination)&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 (5) s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Perseverance of the Saint&lt;\/em&gt;). M\u1ed9t trong 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean t\u1ea1o tranh lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1eefa \u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft Arminianism, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m t\u00edn l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f4i (&lt;em&gt;double predestination&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c t\u00edn l\u00fd to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau: &lt;em&gt;v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt; (Sola Scriptura), v\u00f4 ng\u1ed9, kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e1ng tin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. &lt;em&gt;V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt; (Soli deo gloria): \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, Ba Ng\u00f4i Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i Ba \u0111ang b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft t\u00edn h\u1eefu. &lt;em&gt;V\u1ec1 Lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin (&lt;em&gt;Sola fide&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh &lt;em&gt;\u201ctrong h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;(image of God&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1eadt. C\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecdn hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n (l\u1ec7nh) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng nay, b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. &lt;em&gt;V\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt; (body of Christ), d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong l\u1eddi giao \u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa ban cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i, trong N\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa, c\u00f9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem. Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ch\u0103n b\u1ea7y, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa giao.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i chung, Calvin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cvua gi\u1ea3i kinh\u201d, \u201cnh\u00e0 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;\u201d,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u00f4n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (true extensis), c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m t\u00edn l\u00fd v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng cho to\u00e0n h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay.\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;Calvinist&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Cal-vin Gia, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Theo Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd Calvin&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Calvinist(s) l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Calvin \u0111a \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a John Calvin t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n &lt;em&gt;Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Heidelberg Catechism&lt;\/em&gt; (1563), &lt;em&gt;Canon of Synod of Dort &lt;\/em&gt;(1618), v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Westminster Confession and Catechisms&lt;\/em&gt; (1648), trong &lt;em&gt;Church History &lt;\/em&gt;( L\u1ecbch S\u1eed C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o) qua c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia Abraham Kuyper v\u00e0 Herma Bavinck \u1edf T\u00e2n T\u00e2y Lan, Auguste Lecerf \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, A. A. Hodge, Charles Hodge, B. B Warfield \u1edf M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 sau ti\u1ebfp trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; John Murray, J. Gresham Machen, v\u00e0 Cornelius Van Til \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o &lt;em&gt;(theological seminary)&lt;\/em&gt; kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2026 &lt;strong&gt;Calvinistic Methodism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o Gi\u00e1m L\u00fd Calvin&lt;\/em&gt;). Phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u1edf Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Anh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Wales do Griffith Jones (1684 \u2013 1761), Howell Harris, v\u00e0 Daniel Rowlands, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0o trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00fd trong c\u01a1n ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u1edf Anh, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng x\u01b0ng ni\u1ec1m tin qua b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u00edn l\u00fd &lt;em&gt;Westminster Confession&lt;\/em&gt; (Reformed). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia Calvin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/calvin-john-1509-1564\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/calvin-john-1509-1564\/\" >Calvin, John (1509 \u2013 1564)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cambridge Platform (1648)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00ednh S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o S\u1edf Cambridge&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang Anh v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n ra b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o S\u1edf Cambridge thu\u1ed9c bang Massachusetts, Anh. B\u1ea3n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u00edn l\u00fd d\u1ef1a theo B\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng Ni\u1ec1m Tin Westminster (&lt;em&gt;Westminster Confession, 1646&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cambridge-platform-1648\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cambridge-platform-1648\/\" >Cambridge Platform (1648)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cambridge Platonists&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Pla-t\u00f4 Gia Cambridge&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Cambridge \u1edf Anh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng tu s\u0129 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Anh Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Ralph Cudworth v\u00e0 Henry More. V\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo tri\u1ebft gia Pla-t\u00f4, nghi\u00ean v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc si\u00eau h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd. H\u1ecd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 bao dung trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i. H\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Calvin qu\u00e1 \u01b0 gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. H\u1ecd tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd, to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, v\u00ec thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 do Ng\u00e0i s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t (&lt;em&gt;ordained&lt;\/em&gt;). H\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Anh, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Descard v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;mind and body&lt;\/em&gt;). H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cambridge-platonists\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cambridge-platonists\/\" >Cambridge Platonists<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Camisards\/ Camisard Wars&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u1eadn Chi\u1ebfn Camisard&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn n\u1ed5i d\u1eady n\u0103m 1702, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1o quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd do Vua Louis XIV. \u00a0H\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1704, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1715.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/camisards-camisard-wars\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/camisards-camisard-wars\/\" >Camisards\/ Camisard Wars<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Camp Meetings&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp, h\u1ed9i l\u1ec5 \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i b\u1ed3i linh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i, ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 l\u1ec5, truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng, th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 (&lt;em&gt;discipleship&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa. (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Revivalism&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;, Phong Tr\u00e0o Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/camp-meetings\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/camp-meetings\/\" >Camp Meetings<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Campbell, Alexander (1788 \u2013 1866)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Christian Church (&lt;em&gt;Disciple of Christ&lt;\/em&gt;). Campell l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a Thoma Campell thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u00c1i-nh\u0129-lan. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf County Antrim, Ireland, h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Glasgow (&lt;em&gt;Glasgow University&lt;\/em&gt;). Sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u00f4ng di d\u00e2n qua Hoa K\u1ef3 (1809), gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o Khu Washington (\u1edf Pensylvia) n\u01a1i cha \u00f4ng khai l\u1eadp. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 n\u0103m 1812. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong c\u00e1c bang Kentucky, Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana, Tennessee. \u00d4ng \u0111em nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Disciples of Christ&lt;\/em&gt;. \u00d4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qua b\u00e1o, &lt;em&gt;The Christian Baptist&lt;\/em&gt; (1823 \u2013 1830), &lt;em&gt;The Millennial Harbinger&lt;\/em&gt; (1830 \u2013 1864). N\u0103m 1840 \u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Bethany College \u1edf West Virginia, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m: tin th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem ch\u00ecm m\u00ecnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n, h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c chung v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i b\u1ea1n, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh do gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c hay tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o. K\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh (&lt;em&gt;Protestant Evangelicals)&lt;\/em&gt; trong tinh th\u1ea7n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Disciples of Christ tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/campbell-alexander-1788-1866\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/campbell-alexander-1788-1866\/\" >Campbell, Alexander (1788 \u2013 1866)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Campbell, John Mcleod (1800 \u2013 1872)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1i-nh\u0129-lan (Scotland). \u00d4ng rao gi\u1ea3ng t\u00edn l\u00fd giao \u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n v\u0169 qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 tha th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. Trong khi &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Church of Scotland&lt;\/em&gt; ch\u1ec9 tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1856 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in, &lt;em&gt;The Nature of Atonement&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u00e1ch minh thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft). \u00d4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i b\u1ecb b\u1eafn tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Sau khi ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Glasgow University trao b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 Danh D\u1ef1 (&lt;em&gt;Doctor of Divinity&lt;\/em&gt;). S\u00e1ch \u00f4ng v\u1eabn t\u00e1i in li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1873, con \u00f4ng tu ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh &lt;em&gt;Campbell\u2019s Reminiscences and&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Reflections&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 E. P. Dick vi\u1ebft l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1a cho \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n 1959.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/campbell-john-mcleod-1800-1872\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/campbell-john-mcleod-1800-1872\/\" >Campbell, John Mcleod (1800 \u2013 1872)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Candle Mass&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 R\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00e8n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anglo-saxon \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 &lt;em&gt;\u201cL\u1ec5 Th\u1eafp \u0110\u00e8n C\u1ea7y\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a N\u1eef \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh Mary v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Tr\u00ecnh D\u00e2ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd (Lu-ca 2:22; Lev. 12:1-8). Ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2, ng\u00e0y nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 th\u1edd bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/candle-mass\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/candle-mass\/\" >Candle Mass<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Canon&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Kanon&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin &lt;em&gt;\u201cruler\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o). L\u00e0 t\u1eeb chung n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a kinh s\u00e1ch (&lt;em&gt;sacred book&lt;\/em&gt;), lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m, danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh, c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5. Do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 uy quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0u gi\u1eef. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 New Testamnet Canon, Old Testament Canon, Canon of Scripture. V\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 Canon Law, Church Canon do Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o l\u01b0u gi\u1eef. &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Canons, the&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;). M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 hay m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/canon\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/canon\/\" >Canon<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Canoness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1eef D\u00f2ng Tu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 8, do Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o d\u00f9ng cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1eef tu, s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ec1 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/canoness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/canoness\/\" >Canoness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Canonization&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n H\u00f3a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hay l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh do c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Th\u00e1nh Kinh th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng Kinh, Lu\u1eadt, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kinh th\u00e1nh. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, trong th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u, ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0o trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vatican I, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/canonization\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/canonization\/\" >Canonization<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Canons of the Synod Of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb T\u1ea1i Dort&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (&lt;em&gt;Reformed&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a \u00c1i-nh\u0129-lan, \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u1ee5, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Dort (1618 \u2013 1819). Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eb1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Calvin: (1) H\u01b0 Ho\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0n To\u00e0n. (2) Tuy\u1ec3n Ch\u1ecdn V\u00f4 \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n. (3) S\u1ef1 Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i Gi\u1edbi H\u1ea1n. (4) \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 Kh\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1eeb. (5) S\u1ef1 T\u00f4n K\u00ednh C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia John Calvin (&lt;em&gt;TULIP&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u0169ng trong h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd minh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Arminianism.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/canons-of-the-synod-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/canons-of-the-synod-of\/\" >Canons of the Synod Of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Canons Regular&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Tu S\u0129&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa, mu\u1ed1n t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Canons, l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt. Kh\u1eafc ch\u1ebf c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Augustinian Canonsa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/canons-regular\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/canons-regular\/\" >Canons Regular<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Canticles&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng B\u00e0i H\u00e1t L\u1ec5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do t\u1eeb La-tin Canticulum (&lt;em&gt;s\u00e1ch h\u00e1t nh\u1ecf&lt;\/em&gt;), g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ca, th\u01a1, v\u00e8, ng\u00e2m t\u1eeb th\u01a1 Thi Thi\u00ean. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o, &lt;em&gt;Book of Canticles&lt;\/em&gt;: ch\u1ec9 cho s\u00e1ch B\u00e0i Ca Sa-lo-mon hay th\u1ec3 ca.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/canticles\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/canticles\/\" >Canticles<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Capital Punishment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u00ecnh T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00c1n t\u1ed9i t\u1eed h\u00ecnh cho nh\u1eefng ai ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng. Trong d\u00e2n It-ra-en, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ghi trong s\u00e1ch Ng\u0169 Kinh, nh\u01b0 d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n (Xuat 22:20), th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00f3ng (Xuat 22:18), l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t (D\u00e2n 15:32), nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1 danh Ch\u00faa (Lev. 24:13). Th\u1eddi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f2n t\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh n\u00f3i chung, con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tranh lu\u1eadn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/capital-punishment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/capital-punishment\/\" >Capital Punishment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cappadocian Fathers&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Cha D\u00f2ng Cappadocian&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4, c\u00f3 3 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 anh em g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Cappadocian Fathers: Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 3 l\u00e0 Gregory of Nazianzus. C\u1ea3 ba c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c t\u00edn l\u00fd Ba Ng\u00f4i M\u1ed9t Th\u1ec3, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Arius. Ba v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh trong Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Origen, trong gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1: &lt;em&gt;\u201cBa Ng\u00f4i C\u00f9ng M\u1ed9t B\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Three persons but one essence), d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho l\u1eddi Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Constantinople 381, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Tam V\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cappadocian-fathers\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cappadocian-fathers\/\" >Cappadocian Fathers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cardianl Virtues, Seven&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;7 \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ea1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng 7 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh, t\u1eeb 7 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c hay li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn: &lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ee9c tin, hy v\u1ecdng, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh, c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng, \u00f4n ho\u00e0, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng. &lt;\/em&gt;Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y chia l\u00e0m 2 nh\u00f3m: 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o trong \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 \u1edf I Cor. 13:13; I Tes. 1:3; Gal. 5:5-6; Col. 1:4-5. B\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ebf g\u1ecdi, \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc C\u1ed5 Hy-l\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Pla-to.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cardianl-virtues-seven\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cardianl-virtues-seven\/\" >Cardianl Virtues, Seven<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cardinal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9c V\u1ecb H\u1ed3ng Y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin: &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Cardinalis&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1eeb ch\u1eef &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Cardo&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (d\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t, t\u00f9y v\u00e0o), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o, ch\u1ed7 t\u1ef1a, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 &lt;em&gt;\u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh\/ gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng cho ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc cao c\u1ea5p trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Cardinal (H\u1ed3ng Y) g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, u\u1ef7 ban k\u1ebf c\u1eadn Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n, v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng k\u1ebf v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Cardinal Sins&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i Tr\u1ecdng&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh, l\u1edbn, tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tha th\u1ee9: t\u1ed9i k\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, tham lam, d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c, gi\u1eadn gi\u1eef, ganh t\u1ecb, tham \u0103n, v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng. C\u00e1c t\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ra.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cardinal\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cardinal\/\" >Cardinal<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cardinal Virtues&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u1ee5c T\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ea1nh Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cardinal-virtues\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cardinal-virtues\/\" >Cardinal Virtues<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cardiognosis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(T\u1eeb Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Kardiognosis&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; - Hi\u1ec3u Bi\u1ebft T\u1eeb Con Tim). L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ban \u00e2n t\u1ee9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201ccharism\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (\u00e2n t\u1ee9).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cardiognosis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cardiognosis\/\" >Cardiognosis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Carlstadt, Andreas Bodenstein Von (1477 \u2013 1541)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc \u1edf Erfurt v\u00e0 Cologn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Wittenberg, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Thomas Aquinas. Ri\u00eang Carlstadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Martin Luther. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Luther, nghi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m linh, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Thomas, v\u00e0 y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng tin tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n tranh lu\u1eadn \u1edf Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Leipzig 1519, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb d\u1ee9t ph\u00e9p chung v\u1edbi Luther n\u0103m 1520. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111i xa h\u01a1n trong ni\u1ec1m tin \u2013 \u00f4ng c\u1eed l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn \u00e1o l\u1ec5, trao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1eed l\u1ec5 cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u0129 (&lt;em&gt;laity&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3, v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c n\u00ean l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3. Gi\u1eefa \u00f4ng v\u00e0 Luther c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh; do \u0111\u00f3, 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n chia. \u00d4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh mang bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nho v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kh\u1ed1i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u00d4ng nghi\u00ean h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n anh em l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cBrother Andrew,\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed &lt;em&gt;\u201cCh\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadn T\u1ebf L\u1ec5 C\u1ee7a T\u00edn H\u1eefu\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Priesthood of Believers). \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1522 \u1edf Basel cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/carlstadt-andreas-bodenstein-von-1477-1541\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/carlstadt-andreas-bodenstein-von-1477-1541\/\" >Carlstadt, Andreas Bodenstein Von (1477 \u2013 1541)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Carmelite Order&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u1ec7nh Car-men&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1200, do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu s\u0129 tr\u00ean n\u00fai Car-men g\u1ea7n Hai-fa. Gi\u00e1o l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o c\u00f4 Mari \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u00ca-li-se m\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n chung trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/carmelite-order\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/carmelite-order\/\" >Carmelite Order<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Carnal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;X\u00e1c Th\u1ecbt, X\u00e1c Th\u1ec3, Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Carnali&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1eeb ch\u1eef &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Carnis &lt;\/u&gt;\u201cflesh\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; x\u00e1c th\u1ec3, x\u00e1c d\u1ee5c...), li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, ham mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c... &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Carnival&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ki\u00eang C\u1eed Th\u1ecbt&lt;\/em&gt;).\u00a0 Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Carnem Lavare&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, tr\u00e1nh xa th\u1ecbt. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;\u201cM\u00f9a Ki\u00eang C\u1eed\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc &lt;em&gt;\u201cM\u00f9a Chay\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Season of Lent).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/carnal\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/carnal\/\" >Carnal<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Carnell, Edward John (1919 \u2013 1967)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong ph\u00e1i truy\u1ec1n tin m\u1eebng (&lt;em&gt;evangelicals&lt;\/em&gt;), sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 II trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tu ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7. \u00d4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Wheaton College (IL), ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Gordon Clark, nh\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7. \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc \u1edf Westminster Theological Seminary, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u1edf Harvard University b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o (&lt;em&gt;Doctor of Theology&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Boston Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc &lt;em&gt;(Doctor of Philosophy in Philosophy&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u00e0i n\u01a1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf &lt;em&gt;Fuller Theological Seminary&lt;\/em&gt;, CA t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1954 \u2013 1959. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cA Philosophy of Christian Religion&lt;\/em&gt; (1950), &lt;em&gt;Christian Commitment&lt;\/em&gt; (1957), &lt;em&gt;The Kingdom of Love and the Pride of Life &lt;\/em&gt;(1960), v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch sau c\u00f9ng, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, &lt;em&gt;The Case for Fundamentalism.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/carnell-edward-john-1919-1967\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/carnell-edward-john-1919-1967\/\" >Carnell, Edward John (1919 \u2013 1967)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Carol&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110o\u1ea3n Th\u00e1nh Ca&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca ng\u1eafn vui trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5, do t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng c\u1ed5 Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Chorales&lt;\/em&gt; (m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca vui ng\u1eafn, h\u00e1t trong khi nh\u1ea3y v\u00f2ng quanh v\u1edbi nhau \u2013 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea3n th\u00e1nh ca, h\u00e1t trong c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/carol\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/carol\/\" >Carol<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Caroline Divines, The&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh S\u1eafc Caroline&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Phong tr\u00e0o n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u1eddi vua Charles I v\u00e0 II trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, do c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Qu\u1ed1c (&lt;em&gt;Church of England&lt;\/em&gt;), bao g\u1ed3m Lancelot Andrews (d. 1626), v\u00e0 William Land (d. 1645) nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn, gi\u00e1o l\u1ec5, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o nghi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/caroline-divines-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/caroline-divines-the\/\" >Caroline Divines, The<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cartesianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Decartes&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ren\u00e9 Decartes (1596 \u2013 1650), nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, lu\u1eadn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ch\u00e2n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft duy l\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;rationalism&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cartesianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cartesianism\/\" >Cartesianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Carthage, Conncils of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Carthage&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 4 gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Cyprian, l\u00e0 Gratus, Aurelius, Boniface v\u00e0 Carthage t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 6, b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb &lt;em&gt;\u201cb\u1ee9c l\u1ed7i\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (lapse) trong khi b\u1ecb b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 t\u00e1i nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/carthage-conncils-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/carthage-conncils-of\/\" >Carthage, Conncils of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Carthusians Order&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt Carthusians&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m tu s\u0129 kh\u1eafc s\u0129 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi (nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef) \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c trong khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Ch\u00faa trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5 tu. Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi Bruno (c. 1030 \u2013 1101) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1084. D\u00f2ng tu v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng trong ri\u00eang r\u1ebd, im l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/carthusians-order\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/carthusians-order\/\" >Carthusians Order<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Casuistry&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u1ef1c Gi\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00f9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. Tri\u1ebft Gia Aristotle (A-rit-tot) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1o ch\u00fa \u00fd cho c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y qua S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, th\u00ec t\u1eeb tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n tin r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia nghi ng\u1edd tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai l\u1ea7m, tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 trung t\u00edn m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng tin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/casuistry\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/casuistry\/\" >Casuistry<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Catabaptists&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed1i Kh\u00e1ng L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Katabaptiststes&lt;\/u&gt; &lt;\/em&gt;(against baptism). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem cho tr\u1ebb em, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m &lt;em&gt;\u201canabaptists\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (t\u00e1i nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/catabaptists\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/catabaptists\/\" >Catabaptists<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Catacombs&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ea7m M\u1ed9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2 \u2013 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu (&lt;em&gt;Christians&lt;\/em&gt;), tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng may, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m n\u00e0y. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng \u0103n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ed7 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i v\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/catacombs\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/catacombs\/\" >Catacombs<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cataphatic Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 Kh\u1ea3i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Kataphasis &lt;\/u&gt;\u201cafirmation\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi minh kh\u1ea3i cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201capophatic theology\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (way of negation - &lt;em&gt;kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cataphatic-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cataphatic-theology\/\" >Cataphatic Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cataphrygians&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Motanists (&lt;em&gt;Mo-ta Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;), \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf x\u1ee9 Phrygia, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Motanus v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2th c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o n\u00f3i ti\u00ean tri v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cataphrygians\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cataphrygians\/\" >Cataphrygians<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Catechesis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Hy Ng\u1eef: &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Katechein&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cTo Teach By Word of Mouth\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho m\u1ed9t t\u00e2n t\u00f2ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf (&lt;em&gt;Christian Church&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;strong&gt; \u00a0&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tlh&lt;strong&gt;. &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Catechetical School&lt;\/strong&gt; (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng D\u1ea1y Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Y\u1ebfu Ch\u1ec9). Tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebfu nhi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2 trong x\u1ee9 Alexandria. Kh\u1edfi l\u1eadp b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Clement of Alexandria (c. 150 \u2013 220) v\u00e0 Origen (c. 185 \u2013 254). &lt;strong&gt;Catechism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch Y\u1ebfu Ch\u1ec9 Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00ec s\u00e1ch t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2, do Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Clement of Alexandria. V\u1ec1 sau, khi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00e2n t\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc qua tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chia L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. Trong th\u1eddi gian Augustine, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu cho ni\u1ec1m tin c\u0103n b\u1ea3n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, s\u00e1ch y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh chung, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 So\u1ea1n S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed n\u00e0y sau Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vatican II. &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Catechist&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u1ea1y Y\u1ebfu Ch\u1ec9 Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;). Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 d\u1eabn d\u1ea7y trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. Th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a th\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng ai d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00ed cho tr\u1ebb em trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. &lt;strong&gt;Catechumen&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ecdc Y\u1ebfu Ch\u1ec9 Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o l\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/catechesis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/catechesis\/\" >Catechesis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cathari&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00f3m Tinh Khi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;\u201c&lt;u&gt;Katharas&lt;\/u&gt;,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (pure) ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ef1 tinh khi\u1ebft, trong s\u1ea1ch trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y d\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5 tu \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, r\u1ed3i l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Novatianists v\u00e0 Manichaeans \u2013 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u \u2013 th\u00eam nh\u00f3m Albigenses v\u00e0 Bogomils. Ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tranh chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00c1c. Tin v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean lu\u1eadn. Tin \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho Thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tranh chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u00c1c. Tin Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i Ch\u00faa ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tinh th\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Ai li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n \u0103n n\u0103n, tu ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cathari\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cathari\/\" >Cathari<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Catholic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00f4ng, To\u00e0n Th\u1ec3, C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Chung&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Katholikos&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (to\u00e0n chung, ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2th \u2013 3th, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o. Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Ignatius \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft, &lt;em&gt;\u201cn\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 Gi\u00ea-su Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (catholic church). V\u1ec1 sau, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00f4ng \u1edf La-m\u00e3 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y ri\u00eang d\u00f9ng cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Orthodox&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u00f2n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Protestant) &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (&lt;em&gt;Reform&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16. Hai Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i sau c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh (&lt;em&gt;Evangelical&lt;\/em&gt;) hay C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Christianity&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/catholic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/catholic\/\" >Catholic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Catholic Church, Roman&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb g\u1ecdi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n vua Constantinople tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o n\u0103m 304, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n. D\u1ea7n d\u00e0 to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng chung trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng n\u00e0y. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn ngo\u00e0i La-m\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chung \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Catholic Church&lt;\/em&gt; \u1edf Rome tr\u1edf n\u00ean ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn La-m\u00e3. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb t\u1eeb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ra v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Orthodoxy&lt;\/em&gt;, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;Rome Catholic Church&lt;\/em&gt;. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Gregory I (587) tr\u1edf n\u00ean Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00ec k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt; ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o Quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Catholicism &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;). &lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Roman Catholicism&lt;\/strong&gt; &amp; &lt;strong&gt;Catholicism, Liberal&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o T\u1ef1 Do&lt;\/em&gt;). &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Liberal Catholicism&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/catholic-church-roman\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/catholic-church-roman\/\" >Catholic Church, Roman<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Catholic Relations&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u01b0\u01a1ng Giao Gi\u1eefa C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p gi\u1eefa Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vatican II (1962-1965) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 xem nhau nh\u01b0 anh em c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111em L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n (Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Vatican II ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/catholic-relations\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/catholic-relations\/\" >Catholic Relations<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cause, First&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nguy\u00ean C\u1edb, Ngu\u1ed3n \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean c\u1edb, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng, t\u1eadn chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Trong su\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ebft s\u1eed, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;cause&lt;\/em&gt; (first) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn, b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Socrates, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng: \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u01a1i, l\u1eeda, v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc - b\u00ean tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kim, m\u1ed9c, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, th\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ebfn Plato, Aristotle c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u01a1 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 sinh bi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ng\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean. Tri\u1ebft gia David Hume cho r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 l\u00ed lu\u1eadn. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 nguy\u00ean s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n, Tri\u1ebft gia I. Kant v\u00e0 Heisenberg th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung Thomas Aquinas x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh &lt;em&gt;First Cause&lt;\/em&gt; ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Nguy\u00ean H\u1eadu. T\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea5ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt t\u1eeb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m linh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cause-first\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cause-first\/\" >Cause, First<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cause\/ Causation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00ed Do, L\u00ed C\u1edb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ebfng &lt;\/em&gt;Latin &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;causa&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cngu\u1ed3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean c\u1edb, ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c sau n\u00e0y. Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Ngu\u1ed3n C\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Sau R\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cause-causation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cause-causation\/\" >Cause\/ Causation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Celestial Flesh Christology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb do Menno Simons (1496 \u2013 1561) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn nh\u00e2n t\u00e1nh t\u1eeb Trinh N\u1eef Mary. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra &lt;em&gt;\u201cngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (out of) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i &lt;em&gt;\u201ct\u1eeb\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (from) Mary. \u00dd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tin r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i. John Calvin (1509 \u2013 1564) xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Docetism.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/celestial-flesh-christology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/celestial-flesh-christology\/\" >Celestial Flesh Christology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Celibacy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed9c Th\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Lat. &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Caclebs&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;u&gt;,&lt;\/u&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cUnmarried.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng. &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Celibacy of the Clergy&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c Tu S\u0129 \u0110\u1ed9c Th\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;). Tu s\u0129 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5 tu n\u00f3i chung trong Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy-l\u1ea1p th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 trong d\u00e2n Do-th\u00e1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u00f3m &lt;em&gt;essence&lt;\/em&gt; (Gi\u0103ng Baptist l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f3). Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5 tu (&lt;em&gt;monasticism)&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/celibacy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/celibacy\/\" >Celibacy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cell Group&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00f3m Nh\u1ecf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;cell&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;cella&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 d\u00e0nh n\u01a1i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. &lt;em&gt;Cell group&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf, ri\u00eang t\u01b0, hi\u1ec7p nhau l\u1ea1i th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa, ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, trong nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 sinh ho\u1ea1t chung.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cell-group\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cell-group\/\" >Cell Group<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cenaculum, the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00f2ng Cao&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;\u201cupper room,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; ph\u00f2ng cao, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1eed l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec7c, b\u1eefa \u0103n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa (M\u00e1c 14:15), n\u01a1i c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n khi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh hi\u1ec7n ra trong L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n (C\u00f4ng 1:13).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cenaculum-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cenaculum-the\/\" >Cenaculum, the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cenobite&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u00ean H\u1ee9a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Konobios&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ee9a nguy\u1ec7n, th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 xa l\u00e1nh tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh, ch\u1ed1n tu h\u00e0nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cenobite\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cenobite\/\" >Cenobite<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Centre (center) Pulpit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;c\u00f3 2 ngh\u0129a: (1) V\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 ngay ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh (b\u00e0n ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh, ch\u1ed7 d\u00e2ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng, ban h\u00e1t). (2) N\u00f3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m (&lt;em&gt;Centrality&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5, nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 - l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, sau khi M. Luther \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/centre-center-pulpit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/centre-center-pulpit\/\" >Centre (center) Pulpit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Centre Exchange&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i Trung T\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1i b\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng hay \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/centre-exchange\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/centre-exchange\/\" >Centre Exchange<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Centre Supply&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trung T\u00e2m Ti\u1ebfp T\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i g\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c cung \u1ee9ng, thay th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/centre-supply\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/centre-supply\/\" >Centre Supply<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Certificate of Ordination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u0103n B\u1eb1ng M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Th\u1ee5 Phong&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y &lt;em&gt;ordain&lt;\/em&gt; (b\u1eb1ng M\u1ee5c S\u01b0).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/certificate-of-ordination\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/certificate-of-ordination\/\" >Certificate of Ordination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Chalcedon Council of (451)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Chalcedon&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m \u1edf Chalcedon v\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3-4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. Trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn: &lt;em&gt;\u201cNg\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng v\u1edbi hai b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean T\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t.\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a hai gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 Nicaca (325) v\u00e0 Constantinope (381), v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chalcedon-council-of-451\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chalcedon-council-of-451\/\" >Chalcedon Council of (451)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Chalcedonian Christology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chalcedonian Christology&lt;\/strong&gt;, Chalcedonian Definition, v\u00e0 Chalcedonian Formula \u2013 c\u1ea3 3 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su \u2013 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u2013 theo s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Chalcedon n\u0103m 451. Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y v\u1eabn gi\u1eef cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chalcedonian-christology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chalcedonian-christology\/\" >Chalcedonian Christology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Chaldee&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ebfng C\u1ed5 Canh-\u0111\u00ea&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng A-ram cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canh-\u0111\u00ea.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chaldee\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chaldee\/\" >Chaldee<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Chancellor, Diocesan&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o S\u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u1edf hay m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn (khu).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chancellor-diocesan\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chancellor-diocesan\/\" >Chancellor, Diocesan<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Channing, William Ellery&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Channing, William Ellery (1780 \u2013 1842).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00faa \u0110\u1ed9c Th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;Unitarianism&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n b\u00e1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1eeba th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; t\u1eeb New England. \u00d4ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf Rhode Island, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm c\u1ee7a Sammuel Hopkins, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Harvard. Khi phong tr\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin t\u1ef1 do b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf Boston, \u00f4ng d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c ng\u00f4i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 khai l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u1edf trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u01a1i \u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y. Th\u1eadt ra, ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh \u1edf Anh kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba do Arius kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/channing-william-ellery\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/channing-william-ellery\/\" >Channing, William Ellery<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Chapel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Capella&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;, nh\u00e0 v\u00f2m, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1n ri\u00eang. V\u1ec1 sau, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i (ph\u00f2ng) c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd &lt;em&gt;Chapel&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf d\u00e0nh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n hay nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nh\u00f3m hay nh\u00e0 th\u1edd nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u01b0 gia.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chapel\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chapel\/\" >Chapel<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Chaplain&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u00ean U\u00fd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;cappelanus&lt;\/u&gt; &lt;\/em&gt;ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u00f9ng th\u00e1nh trong th\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng cung hay t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh. Hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong c\u00e1c n\u01a1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc hay qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chaplain\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chaplain\/\" >Chaplain<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Character, Sacramental&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh B\u00ed T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;character &lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed t\u00edch nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem (&lt;em&gt;baptism&lt;\/em&gt;), x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn (&lt;em&gt;confirmation&lt;\/em&gt;), th\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 (&lt;em&gt;orders&lt;\/em&gt;), ban \u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (&lt;em&gt;sacret&lt;\/em&gt;). M\u1ed7i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/character-sacramental\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/character-sacramental\/\" >Character, Sacramental<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Charism\/ Charismata&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u00c2n T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh Linh, \u00c2n \u0110\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec7t&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem th\u00eam t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;Charismatic Gifts&lt;\/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Charismatic Gifts&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;). Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;charismata &lt;\/u&gt;\u201c\u01a1n, \u00e2n t\u1ee9.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2n ban cho t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa (I Cor. 12:1-3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/charism-charismata\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/charism-charismata\/\" >Charism\/ Charismata<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Charismatic Movement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o \u00c2n T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 50\u2019s, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u01a1n ban cho t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u01a1n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Hyl. &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;glossolalia&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;), \u01a1n n\u00f3i ti\u00ean tri, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 \u01a1n gi\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 (I Cor. 12:4-11). Tuy nhi\u00ean, phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh k\u00e8m theo.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nNh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, th\u00ec phong tr\u00e0o (t\u1eeb ng\u1eef) n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n (Assembly of God) th\u00ec trong khi th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0a tay cao, n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1, d\u1ea1y n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1, n\u00f3i ti\u00ean tri, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, t\u00e9 ng\u00e3, l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 bap-tem b\u1eb1ng \u0110TL. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e2n t\u1ee9 (&lt;em&gt;charisma)&lt;\/em&gt; kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng trong l\u00fac th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi h\u00e1t \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 v\u1ed7 tay, ca nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t ng\u1ee3i khen (&lt;em&gt;praise&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0a tay l\u00ean cao c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. Ni\u1ec1m tin chung l\u00e0: (1) \u00c2n t\u1ee9 Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ban cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai, (2) \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i qua c\u00e1c Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, (3) T\u00edn h\u1eefu s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh. N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n nh\u1eafm tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nh\u1eafm tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Jesus, ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/charismatic-movement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/charismatic-movement\/\" >Charismatic Movement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Charity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau, Y\u00eau Th\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;). Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Caritas&lt;\/em&gt;, Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;agape&lt;\/em&gt; (love), &lt;em&gt;\u201cy\u00eau, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 trong nh\u00e2n sinh.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/charity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/charity\/\" >Charity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cherubim&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 Che-ru-bim&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 cao c\u1ea3 th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng (xem Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf S\u00e1ng 3:24; Exe. 10:3, Heb. 9:5).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cherubim\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cherubim\/\" >Cherubim<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Chicago School of Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o Chicago&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Chicago ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho ph\u00eda c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t huy v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 suy n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn (&lt;em&gt;process theology&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o gia n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0: G. B. Foster, S. J. Case, S. Mathews, H. N. Wieman, A. N. Whitehead.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chicago-school-of-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chicago-school-of-theology\/\" >Chicago School of Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Child of God or Children of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Con Ch\u00faa &lt;\/em&gt;hay&lt;em&gt; Con D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, d\u00e2n Israel thu\u1edf x\u01b0a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nNgay trong s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf, \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean, l\u00e0 d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110CT. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0110CT ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh OB Abram. Ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng b\u00e0 Abram r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gia-v\u00ea Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 cho.\u00a0\u00a0 Khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t Ca-na-an, \u0110CT cho ph\u00e9p \u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. D\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0110CT c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Con C\u00e1i \u0110CT. T\u1eeb \u201cCon C\u00e1i \u0110CT\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u00ednh \u0110CT c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi \u201ch\u1ecd l\u00e0 con Ta\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nNh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb khi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi,\u00a0 t\u1eeb \u201cChildren of God\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Con \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;), d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai n\u00f3i chung, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa (Gi\u0103ng 1:12). \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nQua d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ri\u00eang nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; do David Berg (1967) \u1edf m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdp Los Angeles, d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi &lt;em&gt;\u201chippies &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0&lt;em&gt; freaks.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; Sau \u0111\u00f3, Moses David (1970) ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i, g\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. Ng\u00e0y nay, phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1eefa. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Children Crusade&lt;\/strong&gt; (1212) (&lt;em&gt;Con D\u00e2n Chinh Qu\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chinh qu\u00e2n (phong tr\u00e0o, bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa. Sau 4 n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh \u1edf Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c \u2013 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 su\u00fd chi\u1ebfm \u0111em qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem cho Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/child-of-god-or-children-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/child-of-god-or-children-of-god\/\" >Child of God or Children of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Chiliasm&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0n N\u0103m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;chilioi,&lt;\/em&gt; ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. M\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;millenariaism&lt;\/em&gt; v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i cai tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t 1000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t sau c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 20:1-5. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Chiliast&lt;u&gt;,&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ai tin theo ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chiliasm\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chiliasm\/\" >Chiliasm<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Chrism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u, Th\u1ee5 Ch\u1ee9c, Th\u1ee5 Phong&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;chrisma&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;\u201canointing.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u th\u00e1nh, t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u olive tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c th\u01a1m, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 th\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9c, th\u1ee5 phong, d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn, b\u00e1p-tem c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh trong l\u1ec5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chrism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/chrism\/\" >Chrism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;Christos&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;mashiah &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;\u201c&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;anointed one&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;\u201d. Trong C\u01af, d\u00e2n Itra-en \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean tri tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u201c&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;anointed&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;\u201d b\u1edfi \u0110CT \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh&lt;br \/&gt;\nv\u00e0 b\u00ecnh an c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong th\u1eddi T\u01af, qua \u0110\u1ee9c Jesus c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u1ea5y mang \u0111\u1ea7y hy v\u1ecdng cho h\u1ecd, n\u00ean t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle3&quot;&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p&lt;br \/&gt;\ntrong M\u00e1c 8:29, C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 5:42 v\u00e0 R\u00f4-ma 5:6. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;Tlh&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ\/\" >Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ as Priest&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xin xem H\u00eab-r\u01a1 3-6. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00fac kinh v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 con sinh t\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i qua ch\u1ee9c Th\u1ea7y Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa. - &lt;strong&gt;High Priest&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7y Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-as-priest\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-as-priest\/\" >Christ as Priest<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ of Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p do lu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n minh trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn l\u00fd (&lt;em&gt;Age of Reason&lt;\/em&gt;). B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia hi\u1ec7n sinh b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o! T\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Christ of History&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ c\u1ee7a L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 hai t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng &lt;em&gt;\u201cCh\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su th\u1eadt\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f3 gia ph\u1ea3, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. C\u00f2n &lt;strong&gt;Christ of Faith&lt;\/strong&gt; (C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Tin) l\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tin r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, do s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Met-sia c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, l\u00e0 Con Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh\/ l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a R. Bultman, A. Schweitzer, R. Stein v\u00e0 C. Henry). Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 &lt;em&gt;Christ of Faith&lt;\/em&gt; v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed7i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qua nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Jesus Seminar&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (H\u1ed9i Th\u1ea3o Jesus). (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a J. Dossan, R. Frank, M. Borg).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-of-faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-of-faith\/\" >Christ of Faith<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ the King, Feast of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 T\u00f4n X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ L\u00e0 Vua&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o t\u00f4n vinh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 Vua. L\u1ec5 c\u1eed nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u tu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a L\u1ec5 K\u1ef3 V\u1ecdng (&lt;em&gt;The Advent&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-the-king-feast-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-the-king-feast-of\/\" >Christ the King, Feast of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Blood of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;Huy\u1ebft C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;\u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 huy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9.\u201d &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed5 huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1ebf chi\u00ean con \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; V\u00ec th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0m con sinh t\u1ebf, l\u00e0m chi\u00ean con \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft thay cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m h\u00f2a v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean Con Ng\u00e0i (Rom.3:25, 5:9; Eph. 1:7; Col. 1:14; I Gi\u0103ng 1:7). &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-blood-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-blood-of\/\" >Christ, Blood of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Deity Of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;Th\u1ea7n T\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;divinity of Christ &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;(th\u00e1nh (thi\u00ean) t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ). \u00dd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Jesus c\u00f3 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh, th\u00e1nh t\u00ednh nh\u01b0\/c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o tranh lu\u1eadn l\u1edbn t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 2 \u2013 3th, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdp nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n (325, 341, 385) \u0111\u1ec3 minh \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Jesus.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-deity-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-deity-of\/\" >Christ, Deity Of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Exaltation of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;S\u1ef1 Vinh Th\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, th\u0103ng thi\u00ean v\u00e0 vinh hi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vua c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (C\u00f4ng 2:33; Phil. 2:9; Heb. 7:26).&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-exaltation-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-exaltation-of\/\" >Christ, Exaltation of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Humanity of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;T\u1eeb thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Trong c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ng\u00e0i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i (Heb. 4:15; I Phi 2:22). Xem th\u00eam &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle3&quot;&gt;Christology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-humanity-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-humanity-of\/\" >Christ, Humanity of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Humiliation of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;S\u1ef1 Khi\u00eam Nhu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;T\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh khi\u00eam nhu, h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 Cha giao ph\u00f3 \u2013 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c, ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00f4n (Phil. 2:5-8). C\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i: &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;\u201cNg\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng \u00e2m ph\u1ee7\u201d &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;nh\u01b0 &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;ghi l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 vinh th\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-humiliation-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-humiliation-of\/\" >Christ, Humiliation of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Kingship of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;Ch\u1ee9c V\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;T\u1eeb thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ng\u00f4i vua, th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ t\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ki\u1ec1n kh\u00f4n, t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u00edn h\u1eefu theo Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-kingship-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-kingship-of\/\" >Christ, Kingship of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Mysticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Huy\u1ec1n B\u00ed C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 &lt;em&gt;\u201chi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Phao L\u00f4 qua t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;in Christ&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (II Cor. 5:17, \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4, R\u00f4-ma). M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;-20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c: Adolf Deissman, Albert Schweitzer v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 James S. Stewart \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 trong n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tin \u0111\u1ea1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-mysticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-mysticism\/\" >Christ, Mysticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Nature of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;B\u1ea3n T\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ.&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-nature-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-nature-of\/\" >Christ, Nature of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Office of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;Ch\u1ee9c V\u1ee5 C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;Vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb khi Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00ean tri, th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 vua). \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Con Sinh T\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft thay t\u1ed9i cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Heb. 7).&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-office-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-office-of\/\" >Christ, Office of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Person of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;T\u1eeb kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 ai, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf. B\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u1ec1&lt;br \/&gt;\nCh\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Vua &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;(Ma-thi-\u01a1), &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea7y T\u1edb Si\u00eang N\u0103ng &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;(M\u00e1c), &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;(Lu-ca) v\u00e0 &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle1&quot;&gt;Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Con Tr\u1eddi &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fontstyle0&quot;&gt;(Gi\u0103ng). \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u1eeb ngay sau khi Ch\u00faa s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3, 4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5, v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn gi\u1eef ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y (Mat. 1:21; Gi\u0103ng 1:1,3,29; Heb. 1:2,3). &lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-person-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-person-of\/\" >Christ, Person of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Preexistence of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ec1n H\u1eefu C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y tin r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc (Gi\u0103ng 1:1; Phil. 2:6-7). S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qua &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (Gi\u0103ng 1:1-12). Phao-l\u00f4 c\u0169ng x\u00e1c minh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong Phi-l\u00edp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0 Heb-r\u01a1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u0169ng minh \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (Heb. 1-7).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-preexistence-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-preexistence-of\/\" >Christ, Preexistence of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Reign of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ng\u1ef1 Tr\u1ecb C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 2 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ: (1) T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103ng thi\u00ean r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trong ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t, (2) s\u1ef1 t\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai tin nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-reign-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-reign-of\/\" >Christ, Reign of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Satisfaction of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hy Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1\/ ch\u1ebft thay t\u1ed9i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i (trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc), v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa (trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc), qua \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su (Heb. 9:26; 10:12; Gi\u0103ng 3:16).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-satisfaction-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-satisfaction-of\/\" >Christ, Satisfaction of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Two Nature of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hai B\u1ed5n T\u00e1nh C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 2 b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; \u1edf &lt;strong&gt;Christology&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-two-nature-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-two-nature-of\/\" >Christ, Two Nature of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Vicarious Death of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ed1t C\u00e1ch S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 nay Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft thay cho r\u1ed3i. M\u00e1c 10:45, Eph. 1:7; Lev. 27:31; Thi 49:8; Mat. 26:28 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-vicarious-death-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-vicarious-death-of\/\" >Christ, Vicarious Death of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christ, Work of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c\/ M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu g\u1ecdn trong 3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-work-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christ-work-of\/\" >Christ, Work of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christendom&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; khi Vua Constantine tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng ra l\u1ec7nh to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u &amp; B\u1eafc \u00c2u trong thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa, m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Trung C\u1ed5, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christendom\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christendom\/\" >Christendom<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n, C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo &lt;strong&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Christ&lt;\/strong&gt; g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Cr\u00edt-nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt; hay ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Nh\u00e2n.&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1eeb n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00fang ta thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa, c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 mang danh Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christian\/\" >Christian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christian Doctrines&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00edn L\u00fd C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, t\u00edn l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd Tin L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00fd t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, r\u00fat t\u1ec9a t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb Christian Doctrines v\u00e0 Christian Theology c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau l\u1eafm, ch\u1ec9 t\u00f9y v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb Christian Theology d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christian-doctrines\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christian-doctrines\/\" >Christian Doctrines<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christian Education&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i l\u00ean n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00fd ni\u1ec1m tin Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00edn h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, gi\u1ea3i kinh, v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng, v.v\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christian-education\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christian-education\/\" >Christian Education<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christian Ethics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 minh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang, sai, c\u00e1ch x\u1eed s\u1ef1, sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 B\u00e0i Gi\u1ea3ng Tr\u00ean N\u00fai (Mat. 5-7) cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Ethical&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christian-ethics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christian-ethics\/\" >Christian Ethics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christian Platonism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed Plato Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Mu\u1ed1n r\u00f5 t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Plato. Trong n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn l\u00fd r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Plato \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p bao qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c b\u1ea9m sinh, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Image of God&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t t\u1eed\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christian-platonism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christian-platonism\/\" >Christian Platonism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christian Science&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Church of Christ, Scientist&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ Khoa H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y khai l\u1eadp b\u1edfi b\u00e0 Mary Baker Eddy (1821 \u2013 1910) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1875. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1eadt, c\u00f2n gian \u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u xa, gian \u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt l\u00e0 do lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o. Then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i qua s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m linh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christian-science\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christian-science\/\" >Christian Science<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christian Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Christianity&lt;\/em&gt;). D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, n\u1ed9i dung ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. C\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu ni\u1ec1m tin t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5y Kinh Th\u00e1nh, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 minh kh\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0110CT, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n v\u0169 (c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Systematic Theology&lt;\/strong&gt; hay &lt;strong&gt;Dogmatic Theology&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christian-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christian-theology\/\" >Christian Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christmas Conference (1784)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i M\u00f9a Gi\u00e1ng Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong M\u00f9a Gi\u00e1ng Sinh n\u0103m 1784, nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ee7 \u00fd th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00fd Hoa K\u1ef3 (&lt;em&gt;America Methodism&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 John Wesley (m\u1ed9t M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 \u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ee5 Phong), \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed l\u1ec5 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn Ch\u1ee9c V\u1ee5 Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Thomas Coke (1747 \u2013 1814) v\u00e0 Francis Asbury (1745 \u2013 1816) \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf M\u1ef9 Ch\u00e2u, k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christmas-conference-1784\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christmas-conference-1784\/\" >Christmas Conference (1784)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christocentrism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ L\u00e0m Tr\u1ecdng T\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 Ch\u00e2u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia Karl Barth (1886 \u2013 1968). T\u1eeb ng\u1eef &lt;em&gt;Christiocentrism&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;Christocentric Theology.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christocentrism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christocentrism\/\" >Christocentrism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christological Heresy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;T\u00e0 T\u00edn Trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christological-heresy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christological-heresy\/\" >Christological Heresy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb 2 ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 sau, \u00a0&lt;em&gt;Christos&lt;\/em&gt;: l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;logy&lt;\/em&gt;: h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u00dd l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn nay. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc tr\u00ean Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf - v\u00e0 m\u00f4n C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Jesus, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau: V\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, con Tr\u1eddi, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t (substance), b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 (being), v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh (essence), vai tr\u00f2, s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t suy c\u1ee9u, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t qua nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 sau c\u00f9ng \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;br \/&gt;\nSau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y: (1) Gi\u00ea-su trong Ph\u00fac \u00c2m (&lt;em&gt;Jesus in the Gospel&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00ea-su trong th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Sinh ra b\u1edfi trinh n\u1eef, l\u1edbn l\u00ean, sinh ho\u1ea1t, ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ee5c, ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u2013 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 sinh b\u1edfi trinh n\u1eef, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 nguy\u00ean sinh&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u xa; (2) \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa (&lt;em&gt;Christ&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng? \u2013 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean tri trong C\u01af v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ti\u00ean tri, th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t vua l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n. (3) Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Son of Man&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 th\u1ef1c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Ch\u00e2n Th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u00a0n\u0103ng uy quy\u1ec1n, t\u1ecf b\u00e0y quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ghi trong 3 s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m (M\u00e1c, Lu-ca, Ma-thi-\u01a1). Quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb A-\u0111am \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu th\u1ebf. (4) T\u00f4i T\u1edb (&lt;em&gt;Servant&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft thay cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n, nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c\u2026 (5) Con Tr\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Son of God&lt;\/em&gt;). X\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n, Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Con Tr\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf trong Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 Ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng Cha v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Cha m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i mang b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Cha (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. (6) Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Logos &lt;\/em&gt;- &lt;em&gt;Word&lt;\/em&gt;), ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, t\u1eeb tri th\u1ee9c, v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3. Ng\u00e0i v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng h\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. (7) Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u00e1c t\u00edn trong su\u1ed1t 4 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u bao g\u1ed3m: B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;substance, nature&lt;\/em&gt;), B\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;being&lt;\/em&gt;),\u00a0 B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch (&lt;em&gt;essense&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Constantine 381, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng 3 t\u00ednh tr\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0110CT l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ta v\u1edbi Cha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 10:30). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong 3 nh\u00e1nh l\u1edbn: Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng, C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, Tin L\u00e0nh, \u00a0tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn nay. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nCu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Ng\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi - l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa (&lt;em&gt;Lord&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa J\u00easus, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i - l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ - l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i- l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean mu\u00f4n Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Vua tr\u00ean mu\u00f4n vua. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u2013 Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m Vua Cao C\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0T\u1eeb n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao (do &lt;em&gt;K. Barth&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ebf (&lt;em&gt;Pennen-berg&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u1ea3 2 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su (Mat. 9:27, M\u00e1c 8:29, Lu-ca 1:32, Rom. 1:3; Gi\u0103ng 1:1; 5:27; \u00ca-sai 53; Mat. 12:28; M\u00e1c 10:45; Xu\u1ea5t 4:22; \u00d4-s\u00ea 11:1; D\u00e2n 7:13; Mat. 7:21; Khai 21).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christology\/\" >Christology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christonorphic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u00ecnh \u1ea2nh \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (Christ-shaped)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;Christo&lt;\/em&gt; (Christ) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;norphic&lt;\/em&gt; (ch\u00e2n dung, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng). Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ mang h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng trong ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; kinh v\u0103n Phi-lip 2:6-9). Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00fd n\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ng\u00e0i (Gal.5).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christonorphic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christonorphic\/\" >Christonorphic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Christotokos&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft M\u1eb9 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ra t\u1eeb Hy-v\u0103n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Christ-bearer&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d T\u1eeb n\u00e0y do Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Nestorius (c. 451) d\u00f9ng cho b\u00e0i ca t\u1ee5ng Ma-ri, m\u1eb9 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, thay th\u1ebf cho &lt;em&gt;Theotokos&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 God-bearer (&lt;em&gt;M\u1eb9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;). M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent (1545 \u2013 1563) d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phao-l\u1ed3 III, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft Ma-ri \u2013 M\u1eb9 Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n c\u00f4 Ma-ri l\u00e0 v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec3m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng thi\u00ean, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 M\u1eb9 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u2013 l\u00e0 M\u1eb9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y - tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vatican II (1962 \u2013 1965) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christotokos\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/christotokos\/\" >Christotokos<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church and State, the Separation of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u00e1ch Bi\u1ec7t Gi\u1eefa H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c Gia&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb khi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4 kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a hai c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00ean, c\u1ea3 hai t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u2013 nh\u01b0ng ngay sau khi Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Constantine quy \u0111\u1ea1o, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c La-m\u00e3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau Qu\u1ed1c Gia v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh (Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i) k\u1ebft chung quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n cai tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c gia, h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt,thi h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u1edf mang gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i chung. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao c\u1ea5p Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng\/ bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Qu\u1ed1c Gia l\u00e0m theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh. M\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a hai th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Cho n\u00ean, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c Gia ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1eefa qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc theo H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-and-state-the-separation-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-and-state-the-separation-of\/\" >Church and State, the Separation of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church Constitution&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed7i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i (d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-constitution\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-constitution\/\" >Church Constitution<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church Father, Early&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt; \u2013 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;) do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 (&lt;em&gt;Patristic Period&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-father-early\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-father-early\/\" >Church Father, Early<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church Government&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ec3 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i theo \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh chung. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o L\u00e3nh \u0110\u1ea1o hay Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ch\u1ebf (Presbyterian Church, Orthodoc Church), C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang L\u00e3nh \u0110\u1ea1o hay C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang Ch\u1ebf (Congre-gation Church, Southern Baptist Convention), Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c L\u00e3nh \u0110\u1ea1o hay Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Ch\u1ebf (Episcopal, Lutheran Church, Methodist), Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u1ebf (GHCG La-m\u00e3 - Roman Catholic Church).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-government\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-government\/\" >Church Government<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church Growth&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng Tr\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960\u2019s do Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Donald A. McGavran (1890 \u2013 1990). Khi \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c. T\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111em nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 Ch\u00faa. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn nay phong tr\u00e0o l\u00e0m H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng Tr\u01b0\u1edfng (&lt;em&gt;Church Growth Movement&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, chuy\u00ean gia, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3 thi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean h\u1ebft v\u1eabn l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: (1) Chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, (2) N\u0103ng n\u1ed7 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 (3) Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh theo \u00fd Ng\u00e0i. S\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-growth\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-growth\/\" >Church Growth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church History&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed gia, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ghi ch\u00e9p. L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh quy trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u00e1nh kinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-history\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-history\/\" >Church History<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church Militant&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tinh Th\u1ea7n Chi\u1ebfn Binh H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-militant\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-militant\/\" >Church Militant<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church Of Christ Uniting&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t &lt;strong&gt;(COCU&lt;\/strong&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Consultation on Church Uniting&lt;\/em&gt; (COCU, 1962), t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi do M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Eugena Carson Blake (1906 \u2013 1984). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c Hoa K\u1ef3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-of-christ-uniting\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-of-christ-uniting\/\" >Church Of Christ Uniting<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb chung cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2n ph\u00e1i \u2013 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n, ph\u00e1i \u00c2n T\u1ee9 (&lt;em&gt;Charismatic&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Th\u00e1nh H\u00f3a (&lt;em&gt;Holiness)&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-of-god\/\" >Church of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church Officers&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea9m H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, Ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1ea9m L\u00e3nh \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00f9y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-officers\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-officers\/\" >Church Officers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church Order&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt L\u1ec7nh, Quy \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-order\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-order\/\" >Church Order<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church Universal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00f4ng\/ To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Katholikos&lt;\/em&gt; (Universal).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-universal\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-universal\/\" >Church Universal<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church, Authority in the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ban xu\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef1u trung cao nh\u1ea5t, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh qua L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 doi d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y hay b\u1ecb \u00e1p ch\u1ebf, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, t\u1ef1 cao, tham lam quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m theo \u00fd ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang v\u00e0 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-authority-in-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-authority-in-the\/\" >Church, Authority in the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church, Biblical Images of the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00e2n Dung Th\u00e1nh Kinh H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (I Cor. 12:27), d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Heb. 11:25), t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt m\u1edbi (II Cor. 5:17), m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh (Phil. 2:1), v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (I Phi. 4:17). T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u2013 S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 x\u00e1c t\u00edn cho ch\u00fang ta r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf) v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 chi th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 v\u1edbi HT (I Cor 13:12tt). &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Temple&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-biblical-images-of-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-biblical-images-of-the\/\" >Church, Biblical Images of the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church, Invisbile&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh V\u00f4 H\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, \u0111ang sinh ho\u1ea1t. T\u1eeb H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh V\u00f4 H\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean do Th\u00e1nh Augustine (354 \u2013 430) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u2013 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn (s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebft) \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng chung trong N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-invisbile\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-invisbile\/\" >Church, Invisbile<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church, Local&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecba Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecba Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 ngay t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean \u1edf Jerusalem v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u00a0m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Tin L\u00e0nh (&lt;em&gt;Evangelical)&lt;\/em&gt;. Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-local\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-local\/\" >Church, Local<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church, Mission of the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng C\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng (&lt;em&gt;m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh trong t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1, truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o, s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh, thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v.v\u2026 do h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-mission-of-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-mission-of-the\/\" >Church, Mission of the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Church, Visible&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh H\u1eefu H\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb chung \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1eabn c\u01a1 s\u1edf. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;m\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Invisible Church&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-visible\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/church-visible\/\" >Church, Visible<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Churh, Doctrine of the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00edn L\u00ed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh t\u1eeb khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, quy ch\u1ebf, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua 20 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau: Kh\u1edfi Nguy\u00ean H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh do Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh qua s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh t\u1eeb Ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u1edf Ma-thi-\u01a1 16:18 v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 2. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean thi h\u00e0nh L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Jerusalem cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;br \/&gt;\n- &lt;em&gt;V\u1ec1 C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n Ni\u1ec1m Tin (&lt;\/em&gt;Basic Beliefs&lt;em&gt;):&lt;\/em&gt; Bao g\u1ed3m B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;Nature)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 M\u1ee5c \u0110\u00edch (&lt;em&gt;Purpose&lt;\/em&gt;): H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa J\u00easus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa J\u00easus l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh mang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y trong Ma-thi-\u01a1 28:18-20 \u2013 l\u00e0 \u0111em L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t.&lt;br \/&gt;\n- &lt;em&gt;V\u1ec1 L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt; (Historical): Tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh trong Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 Th\u1ee9 I; d\u1ea7n d\u00e0, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi theo \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ga-la-ti. \u0110\u1ebfn Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 Th\u1ee9 II tr\u1edf \u0111i, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc cao h\u01a1n, b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n x\u1ee9 s\u1edf, qu\u1ed1c gia \u2013 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u1edf Alexandria, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh La-m\u00e3, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Hy-l\u1ea1p\u2026\u0110\u1ebfn Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 Th\u1ee9 IV, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o (Ban L\u00e3nh \u0110\u1ea1o). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 do \u201cB\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u00edn L\u00ed\u201d. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 (Roman Catholic Church). Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Giao \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (Eastern Orthodox Church). R\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, Hy-l\u1ea1p, Nam Phi, Ai-c\u1eadp.v.v\u2026&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; (1517), khi Martin Luther ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o li khai kh\u1ecfi quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1t sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay: Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o (&lt;em&gt;Presbyterian&lt;\/em&gt;), Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Episopal)&lt;\/em&gt;, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i B\u00e1p-t\u00edt (&lt;em&gt;Baptist)&lt;\/em&gt;, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;Methodist&lt;\/em&gt;). D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ri\u00eang kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chung l\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc.&lt;br \/&gt;\nNg\u00e0y nay, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 500 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u1ed1 t\u00edn h\u1eefu g\u1ea7n hai t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi; nh\u01b0ng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf J\u00easus b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 cao tr\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft T\u1ef1 Do (&lt;em&gt;liberalism&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/churh-doctrine-of-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/churh-doctrine-of-the\/\" >Churh, Doctrine of the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Circuit Rider&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110o\u00e0n Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o L\u01b0u \u0110\u1ed9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed trong th\u1eddi &lt;em&gt;Great Awakenning I v\u00e0 II&lt;\/em&gt; \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n xi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n xe ng\u1ef1a, nay \u0111\u00e2y mai \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd). T\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi khai l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n phong \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, do t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp John Wesley (1707 \u2013 1791) v\u00e0 Francis Asbury (1745 \u2013 1816).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/circuit-rider\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/circuit-rider\/\" >Circuit Rider<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Circumcision&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1eaft B\u00ec&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft da \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam \u2013 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u1eadp L\u1eddi Giao \u01af\u1edbc v\u1edbi \u00c1p-ra-ham (S\u00e1ng 17:11), khi Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecdn d\u00e2n Israel l\u00e0 d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 mang S\u1ee9 \u0110i\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 8, sau khi con trai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra, th\u00ec l\u00e0m L\u1ec5 C\u1eaft B\u00ec (&lt;em&gt;Feast of Circumcision&lt;\/em&gt;) trong \u0111\u1ec1n (\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd l\u1edbn, hay nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i), do th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u1ec1 sau, nghi th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean gia nh\u1eadp C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Do Th\u00e1i. Ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 c\u1eed l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y 8 ng\u00e0y sau L\u1ec5 Gi\u00e1ng Sinh, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n ng\u1ee3i \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 Mari, m\u1eb9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Luther nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 L\u1ec5 T\u00f4n Danh Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su (&lt;em&gt;Holy Name of Jesus)&lt;\/em&gt;, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb ng\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu l\u1ec5 c\u1eaft b\u00ec c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su (Luc. 2:21).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/circumcision\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/circumcision\/\" >Circumcision<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;City of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e0nh C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Civitas Dei&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb kh\u1edfi d\u00f9ng do Th\u00e1nh Augustine (354 \u2013 430) t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cai qu\u1ea3n b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 &lt;strong&gt;City of Earth&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e0nh Tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;) do Sa-tan v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c cai qu\u1ea3n do t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u00edch k\u1ef7.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/city-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/city-of-god\/\" >City of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Civil Disobedience&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea5t Tu\u00e2n D\u00e2n S\u1ef1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a: (1) Con Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u00dd Ch\u00faa, L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa (Ph\u1ee5c 13:4; Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi 7:23); v\u00e0 (2) T\u00edn h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n v\u00ec nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o (Rom. 13:1; I Phi. 2:13-17). \u0110i\u1ec1u nay l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tranh lu\u1eadn trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, khi con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/civil-disobedience\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/civil-disobedience\/\" >Civil Disobedience<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Civil Religion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u00e2n S\u1ef1&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c, l\u1ec5 l\u1ed9c, th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, Kh\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1o, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ec5 nghi kh\u00e1c. D\u00e2n S\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1o (l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/civil-religion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/civil-religion\/\" >Civil Religion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Civil Rightconscience&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00dd Th\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh g\u1ed3m (1) Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb h\u1ee7 h\u00f3a b\u1edfi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, gian \u00e1c \u2013 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi A-\u0111am b\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u00ca-\u0111en (S\u00e1ng 3); (2) Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf \u0111i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, xa c\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (S\u00e1ng 6); (3) V\u00ec th\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i (Rom. 3:23); (4) k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t (Rom. 6:23). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u00ec lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, t\u1ef1 do, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/civil-rightconscience\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/civil-rightconscience\/\" >Civil Rightconscience<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Civil Righteousness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family: &#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif&quot;&gt;Nh\u00e2n Gian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ho\u00e1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/civil-righteousness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/civil-righteousness\/\" >Civil Righteousness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Civil Rights&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u00e2n Quy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 do. V\u00ec trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, cao tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 (1954 \u2013 1966) \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u00fd th\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 n\u0103m quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean quy\u1ebft. (1) T\u1ef1 do \u0103n n\u00f3i, (2) t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i, (3) t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, (4) t\u1ef1 do h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 (5) t\u1ef1 do b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean (S\u00e1ng 3, 12; Xu\u1ea5t 3). D\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n Nh\u00e2n Quy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u1edf Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1966. Qu\u1ed1c Gia Hoa K\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Civil Right&lt;\/em&gt; kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Human Right&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m d\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u1eeb sau ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/civil-rights\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/civil-rights\/\" >Civil Rights<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Classical Metaphysics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Si\u00eau H\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Plato, Aristotte, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n sinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/classical-metaphysics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/classical-metaphysics\/\" >Classical Metaphysics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Classical Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc C\u1ed5 \u0110i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/classical-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/classical-theology\/\" >Classical Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Classism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Ch\u1ed1ng Ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ed9 Giai C\u1ea5p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Cao tr\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u1ec1 sau, ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1edf T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/classism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/classism\/\" >Classism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cleanness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u1ea9y S\u1ea1ch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m cho trong s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 nghi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 khi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. S\u00e1ch L\u00ea-vi-k\u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1eed l\u1ec5 n\u00f3i chung, trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ea9y x\u00f3a, th\u1ee9 tha t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i do Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n d\u1ea1y. S\u1ef1 t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cleanness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cleanness\/\" >Cleanness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Clemont, Council of (1095)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Clemont&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;1095&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u do Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Clerent Urbain II (1042 \u2013 1099) t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111ang b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/clemont-council-of-1095\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/clemont-council-of-1095\/\" >Clemont, Council of (1095)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Clergy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf, M\u1ee5c T\u1ebf, Ph\u00f3 T\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh chuy\u00ean lo t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi l\u1ec5 trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd n\u00f3i chung. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y (&lt;em&gt;clergy&lt;\/em&gt;) kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t (v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 th\u1ee5 phong) v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;laity&lt;\/em&gt; (m\u1ee5c s\u0129, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee5 phong), d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/clergy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/clergy\/\" >Clergy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Clinical Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u1ea9n Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, t\u00e2m l\u00ed, t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u00e2m \u00fd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/clinical-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/clinical-theology\/\" >Clinical Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cocceius, Johannas (1603 \u2013 1669)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh kinh thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0i quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, &lt;em&gt;Doctrine of the Covenant and Testament of God &lt;\/em&gt;(1648) v\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;Commentary of the Epistle to the Roman&lt;\/em&gt; (1655), n\u00f3i l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i kinh theo v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o. \u00d4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Kinh Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o qua ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb khi l\u1eadp giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi A-\u0111am \u2013 bao g\u1ed3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong v\u00e0 sau M\u00f4i-se cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u00fd th\u1ee9c tha th\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebd, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 Olivionus, Bul-lingers\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cocceius-johannas-1603-1669\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cocceius-johannas-1603-1669\/\" >Cocceius, Johannas (1603 \u2013 1669)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Codex&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; Vi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ebft Tay,&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0&lt;em&gt;Vi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ebft &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u00ean Da, V\u1ecf C\u00e2y Cu\u1ed9n L\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea3o (&lt;em&gt;papyrus&lt;\/em&gt;) ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecf c\u00e2y m\u1ecfng may d\u00ednh l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch hay cu\u1ed9n s\u00e1ch. T\u1eeb Codex (&lt;em&gt;Cu\u1ed9n&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch, v\u1ec1 sau cu\u1ed9n th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch (&lt;em&gt;Scroll&lt;\/em&gt;), m\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/codex\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/codex\/\" >Codex<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;College of Cardinals&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1ed3ng Y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1ed3ng Y g\u1ed3m 70 v\u1ecb chuy\u00ean c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n lu\u1eadn th\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/college-of-cardinals\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/college-of-cardinals\/\" >College of Cardinals<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Collegialism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft T\u1ef1 Nguy\u1ec7n Chung Quy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;collegia&lt;\/em&gt;, ti\u1ebfng Anh: &lt;em&gt;college&lt;\/em&gt;. B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n h\u1ed9i t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u00f9y v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang. Kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y do J. H. Boehner of Halle (c. 1745). Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn b\u1edfi Hugo Grotius v\u00e0 S. Puferdrift.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/collegialism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/collegialism\/\" >Collegialism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Comforter&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Y\u00ean \u1ee6i, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Y\u00ean \u1ee6i (&lt;em&gt;Comforter&lt;\/em&gt;); ng\u00f2ai ra, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u00eanh V\u1ef1c (&lt;em&gt;Advocate&lt;\/em&gt;), Th\u1ea7n L\u1ebd Th\u1eadt (&lt;em&gt;Spirit of Truth&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ed1 V\u1ea5n (&lt;em&gt;Counselor&lt;\/em&gt;)\u2026 Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf Gi\u0103ng 14, 15, 16, v\u00e0 S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn Galati 5; Epheso 1, 4, 5, 6 v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 2, 4, 6. &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam &lt;\/em&gt;m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Holy Spirit&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/comforter\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/comforter\/\" >Comforter<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Common Bible (1966)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Chung&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;1966&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eb1m n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch &lt;em&gt;Revised Standard Version&lt;\/em&gt; (vi\u1ebft t\u1eafc b\u1ea3n RSV). B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Kinh Hoa K\u1ef3 (&lt;em&gt;American Bible Society&lt;\/em&gt;) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, nhu\u1eadn ch\u00e1nh t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n &lt;em&gt;American Standard Version&lt;\/em&gt; (ASV, 1901), m\u00e0 ASV \u0111\u00e3 nhu\u1eadn ch\u00e1nh t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c &lt;em&gt;King James Version&lt;\/em&gt; (KJV) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1611. V\u00ec c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tu ch\u1ec9nh r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng phu: (1) \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 H\u00eab-r\u01a1, (2) C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy t\u00edn trong ng\u00f4n (c\u1ed5) ng\u1eef, gi\u1ea3i kinh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 (3) S\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p chung c\u1ee7a hai kh\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean b\u1ea3n nhu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh RSV \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh Kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/common-bible-1966\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/common-bible-1966\/\" >Common Bible (1966)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Common Grace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Ph\u1ed5 Qu\u00e1t, \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Chung&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00c2n \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi lu\u00f4n ban \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1924, Christian Reformed Church (CRC) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Synod of Kalamazoo (Michigan) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u201cba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t bao h\u00e0m s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. Qua \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, s\u1ef1 d\u1eef, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sa ng\u00e3 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ban nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh chung, kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c, cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/common-grace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/common-grace\/\" >Common Grace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Common Order, The Book&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch C\u1ea9m Nang M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u00e1ch c\u1ea9m nang c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Scotland (&lt;em&gt;Church of Scotland, \u00c1i Nh\u0129 Lan&lt;\/em&gt;) thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, in d\u00f9ng chung n\u0103m 1979, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i gi\u1eef\/ c\u1eed h\u00e0nh theo nghi th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Th\u1ef1c ra, s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nguy\u00ean so\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1556 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;John Knox\u2019s Genevan Service Book&lt;\/em&gt;. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Scotland bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb 1562 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho to\u00e0n gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;The Book of Common Order. &lt;\/em&gt;S\u00e1ch n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch &lt;em&gt;The Book of Common Prayer&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh. Sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tu ch\u1ec9nh, l\u1ea7n \u00e1p cu\u1ed1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1952, v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng 1979, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mang t\u1ef1a tr\u00ean &lt;em&gt;The Book of Common Order&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/common-order-the-book\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/common-order-the-book\/\" >Common Order, The Book<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Common Sense Philosophy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c chung&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc do Tri\u1ebft Gia Thomas Reid (1710 \u2013 1796) ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scottist \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u201c&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 Scottish&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Scottish Realism), cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb3n trong t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng Tri\u1ebft Gia David Hume (1711 \u2013 1776) v\u00e0 Immanuel Kant (1724 \u2013 1804) tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c b\u1ea9m sinh (&lt;em&gt;intuition&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u00f2n &lt;em&gt;common sense&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e1ng tin sau \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/common-sense-philosophy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/common-sense-philosophy\/\" >Common Sense Philosophy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Common Worship, The Book of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch L\u1ec5 Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Chung&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gom t\u00f3m nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 nghi th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Hoa K\u1ef3 (&lt;em&gt;American Presby-terianism, 1906&lt;\/em&gt;). (S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu\u1eadn ch\u00e1nh hai l\u1ea7n n\u0103m 1932 v\u00e0 1946, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i chung trong c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o trong N\u01b0\u1edbc Hoa K\u1ef3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/common-worship-the-book-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/common-worship-the-book-of\/\" >Common Worship, The Book of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Communication of Attributes&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n T\u00ednh Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ec3, Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ec3 T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Latin &lt;em&gt;Communication Idiomatum. &lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1edbng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u2013 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ \u2013 c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh trong Con M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u00a0S\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 Th\u1ee9 III \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/communication-of-attributes\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/communication-of-attributes\/\" >Communication of Attributes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Communion of the Saint&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7p Th\u00f4ng C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong b\u00e0i &lt;em&gt;T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt; (The Apostle\u2019s Creed) n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft \u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3. Ng\u00e0y nay t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;Communion Sunday&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u1eed L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/communion-of-the-saint\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/communion-of-the-saint\/\" >Communion of the Saint<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Communion, Holy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1eed L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean hay h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i. Tr\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh M\u1edf (&lt;em&gt;Opened Communion&lt;\/em&gt;) chung cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh hay ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. &lt;strong&gt;Communion, Opened&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh Chung&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;The Lord\u2019s Supper&lt;\/em&gt;) ng\u00e0y nay trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd chung cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u00edn h\u1eefu. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh c\u1eed l\u1ec5 m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c sau gi\u1edd gi\u1ea3ng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. Ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Communion Closed, Opened&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Communion Corporate&lt;\/em&gt; (Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng \u0110o\u00e0n), v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Communism Private&lt;\/em&gt; (Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh T\u01b0 \u0110o\u00e0n). &lt;strong&gt;Communion Bread&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;B\u00e1nh Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;). B\u00e1nh bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang d\u00f9ng trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 hay Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o d\u00f9ng b\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng men. C&lt;strong&gt;ommunion Cup&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ly Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;). Ly bi\u1ec7t ra ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/communion-holy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/communion-holy\/\" >Communion, Holy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Communitarianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng&lt;\/em&gt; hay l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Community of Goods&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00e0 chia x\u1ebb chung t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, trong th\u1eddi gian H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean khi m\u1edbi khai sinh (C\u00f4ng 2:44-46), v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;koinonia&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (followship - hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng). V\u1ec1 sau, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Christian Socialism), &lt;\/em&gt;do c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 Do&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/communitarianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/communitarianism\/\" >Communitarianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Comparative&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c \/\/ Kh\u00e1c Bi\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/comparative\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/comparative\/\" >Comparative<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Comparative Religion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 \u00a0&lt;em&gt;T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft Gia Hy-l\u1ea1p Xenophanes (kho\u1ea3ng 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; BC). M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do, trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (1960\u2019s - ). Ni\u1ec1m tin cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o, H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, v.v\u2026 Ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f9y theo v\u0103n h\u00f3a thay \u0111\u1ed5i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/comparative-religion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/comparative-religion\/\" >Comparative Religion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Conception, Immaculate&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Th\u1ee5 Thai V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m Nguy\u00ean T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng B\u00e0 Ma-ri. \u00a0(&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Imma-culate Conception)&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conception-immaculate\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conception-immaculate\/\" >Conception, Immaculate<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Conceptualism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00dd Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c chung trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conceptualism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conceptualism\/\" >Conceptualism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Concilar\/Conciliarism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecbnh Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb L\u00e3nh \u0110\u1ea1o, H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh L\u00e3nh \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i do c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdp chung quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng do ri\u00eang \u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Constantine (&lt;em&gt;Council of Constantine, 1414 \u2013 1418&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Basel (1431 \u2013 1438). Th\u1ef1c ra, \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng do c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gia GH C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Martin Luther) \u1edf Ph\u00e1p-Anh l\u00e0 Jean Gerson, Pierre d\u2019Ailley v\u00e0 Francesco Zara-bella. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 William of Ockham. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Bi\u1ebfn R\u1ea1n N\u1ee9t (&lt;em&gt;The Great Schism 1378 \u2013 1417&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa hai Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1edf \u00dd, La-m\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/concilar-conciliarism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/concilar-conciliarism\/\" >Concilar\/Conciliarism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Concomitance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed3ng K\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Latin&lt;em&gt; Con-comitans \u2013 Accompany&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eabn huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nho v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh. Xa h\u01a1n, \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u2013 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh ban cho trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/concomitance\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/concomitance\/\" >Concomitance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Concord, Book of (1580)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00f4i khi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;The Confessions of the Evangelical Luthercan Church&lt;\/em&gt; (German hay Latin &lt;em&gt;Concordia)&lt;\/em&gt;. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther. S\u00e1ch n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u, s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u, T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u, T\u00f3m T\u1eaft Ni\u1ec1m Tin t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n &lt;em&gt;T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt; (c. 186), &lt;em&gt;Constantinopolitan Creed&lt;\/em&gt; (381), &lt;em&gt;The Athanasian Creeds&lt;\/em&gt; (350 \u2013 600)\u2026 \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;em&gt;Formular of Concord&lt;\/em&gt; (1577). S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, Hung, v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/concord-book-of-1580\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/concord-book-of-1580\/\" >Concord, Book of (1580)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Concord, Formular of (1577)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch Ti\u00eau Chu\u1ea9n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u00e1ch t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a &lt;em&gt;Book of Concord&lt;\/em&gt; (in chung v\u1edbi nhau). S\u00e1ch Ti\u00eau Chu\u1ea9n ni\u1ec1m tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh Luther. S\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ngay sau khi Martin Luther t\u1ea1 th\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m 12 Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u (&lt;em&gt;12 Articles)&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther, v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi Philip McLanchthon. \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u00edn l\u00ed v\u1ec1 L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/concord-formular-of-1577\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/concord-formular-of-1577\/\" >Concord, Formular of (1577)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Concordance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea7n Li\u00ean D\u1eabn Kinh, Ph\u00f9 D\u1eabn Kinh,&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ph\u1ea7n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi c\u00e2u hay t\u1eeb ng\u1eef Kinh Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam cho r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/concordance\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/concordance\/\" >Concordance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Condemnation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u1ed9i, K\u1ebft T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/condemnation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/condemnation\/\" >Condemnation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Condignity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u00e1ng Gi\u00e1, Gi\u00e1 Cao&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latin &lt;em&gt;condignus &lt;\/em&gt;(very worthy). T\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n cao si\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ban cho, t\u1ea1o cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Kinh Vi\u1ec7n Trung C\u1ed5 \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/condignity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/condignity\/\" >Condignity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Conditional Immortality&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n B\u1ea5t T\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00edn l\u00ed d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed l\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea9m qua s\u1ef1 tin nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1eeb khi s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00f5i h\u01b0 m\u1ea5t (ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 v\u00f4), ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec n\u1eefa. Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y, kh\u1edfi d\u1ea1y t\u1eeb th\u1eddi gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 Irenaeus m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng \u1edf Anh, \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 qua c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia E. White, J. B. Heard, C. F. Hudson, Horace Bushnell.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conditional-immortality\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conditional-immortality\/\" >Conditional Immortality<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Confessing Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0102n N\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 40\u2019s trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Facit c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 im l\u1eb7ng theo ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n do nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i H\u00edt-le l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u201c&lt;em&gt;gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u00e3y \u0103n n\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin theo Ch\u00faa \u2013 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m Martin Niem\u00f6ller (1892 \u2013 1984) v\u00e0 Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906 \u2013 1945).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confessing-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confessing-church\/\" >Confessing Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Confession&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;X\u01b0ng T\u1ed9i, \u0102n N\u0103n Tin Nh\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Latin &lt;em&gt;confessio&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;confiteri&lt;\/em&gt; (th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn), l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;y\u0101d\u0101 &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0 Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;homolog\u0113o &lt;\/em&gt;(\u00fd th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn) mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ch\u00faa, ca ng\u1ee3i \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Ch\u00faa c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh qua d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con, Jesus Christ. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, &lt;em&gt;Confession&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confession\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confession\/\" >Confession<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Confession of 1967&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin N\u0103m 1967&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;United Presbyterian Church in U.S.A&lt;\/em&gt;) trong n\u0103m 1967. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf trong quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Book of Confessions). N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m h\u00f2a (h\u00e0n g\u1eafn) th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Confes-sional Theology&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;). B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed, t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng sai l\u1ea7m t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confession-of-1967\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confession-of-1967\/\" >Confession of 1967<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Confession of Dositheus (1672)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Dositheus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin (v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;) n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u201c&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Patriarch of Jerusalem) do Dositheus ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng (1641 \u2013 1707).\u00a0 N\u1ed9i dung b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confession-of-dositheus-1672\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confession-of-dositheus-1672\/\" >Confession of Dositheus (1672)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Confession of Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i xa h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i dung trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Reformation&lt;\/em&gt;) trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. T\u1eeb g\u1ecdi chung trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su (Jesus Christ), l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang \u00a0m\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confession-of-faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confession-of-faith\/\" >Confession of Faith<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Confession of Sin, Corporate&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed3ng Ch\u1ecbu T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i To\u00e0n D\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u2013 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 (\u0111a s\u1ed1) \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i c\u00f9ng Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch xin Ch\u00faa tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 trong th\u1eddi C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed D\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean\u2026 T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;Confession of Sin, Individual &lt;\/strong&gt;l\u00e0 Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Ri\u00eang Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i ri\u00eang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c trong tu\u1ea7n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confession-of-sin-corporate\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confession-of-sin-corporate\/\" >Confession of Sin, Corporate<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Confessionalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin ri\u00eang cho gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch, ni\u1ec1m tin, v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t chung trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confessionalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confessionalism\/\" >Confessionalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Confingency&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Li\u00ean K\u1ebft, Li\u00ean H\u1ec7, K\u1ebft H\u1ec7 V\u1edbi Nhau&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Latin &lt;em&gt;Contingentia&lt;\/em&gt; (n) &lt;em&gt;contingentere&lt;\/em&gt; (v), \u201c&lt;em&gt;the affect&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;influence&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d \u00dd l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb3n; vi\u1ec7c sau nh\u1edd\/ t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc. Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia\/ Tri\u1ebft Gia Thomas Aquina (1225 \u2013 1274) \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu ch\u00ednh do \u0110\u1ea5ng Kh\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea7u (&lt;em&gt;First mover&lt;\/em&gt;), l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confingency\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confingency\/\" >Confingency<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Confirmation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;X\u00e1c T\u00edn, C\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Latin &lt;em&gt;Confirmare&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;to make firm&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (l\u00e0m cho ch\u1eafc, t\u1ea1o cho v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh). T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi giao \u01b0\u1edbc (ho\u1eb7c l\u1eddi th\u1ec1, l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a) v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa trong L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem, d\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Ri\u00eang Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3y l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p b\u00ed t\u00edch (&lt;em&gt;sacraments&lt;\/em&gt;). Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (&lt;em&gt;Eastern Orthodox Church&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 ri\u00eang n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confirmation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/confirmation\/\" >Confirmation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Congregation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Ch\u00fang&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Latin &lt;em&gt;congregare,&lt;\/em&gt; to gather together, \u201c&lt;em&gt;h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7p nhau&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d \u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa. Trong Anh Ng\u1eef c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Congregationalism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ec3 Ch\u1ebf C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i theo \u00fd th\u1ee9c, theo s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf Anh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1567, r\u1ed3i lan r\u1ed9ng sang New England.\u00a0 V\u1ec1 sau \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n hay s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111i h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;general convention&lt;\/em&gt;). H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 Qu\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 Ch\u1ebf - Vua hay T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng khi nguy bi\u1ebfn, ho\u1eb7c L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho Qu\u1ed1c Gia. Th\u1ec3 Ch\u1ebf C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang - ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng cho quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00f2n \u1edf H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ban ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1. Sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c thi h\u00e0nh theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ban ng\u00e0nh trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ban ng\u00e0nh kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean thi h\u00e0nh trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u1eb3n. &lt;strong&gt;Congregation Church &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang, H\u1ec7 Ph\u00e1i H\u1ed9i Ch\u00fang&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Christianity&lt;\/em&gt;) trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Hoa K\u1ef3. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/congregation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/congregation\/\" >Congregation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Congruism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh \u00c2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia d\u00f2ng Jesuit (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;) trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p gi\u1eefa \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ban cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n t\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac nh\u1eefng \u00fd\/ \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 l\u00ed lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/congruism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/congruism\/\" >Congruism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Conscience&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2m\/ T\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Latin &lt;em&gt;conscientia &lt;\/em&gt;\u201c&lt;em&gt;knowledge with another, knowledge within oneself&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; G\u1ed3m hai t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;cons:&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f9ng, &lt;em&gt;science:&lt;\/em&gt; hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u2013 c\u00f9ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong t\u00e2m m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i hay tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m linh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u0111i xa h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 t\u00ednh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00fang sai. Trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m linh: c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m (c&lt;em&gt;onscience&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho linh h\u1ed3n. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 linh h\u1ed3n vui v\u1ebb v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1c.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m hay t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, tuy t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 qua nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean sau khi v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a A-\u0111am v\u00e0 \u00ca-va (S\u00e1ng 3), Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt (II Sa. 24:10; Thi 32:1-5), c\u1ee7a Gi\u00f3p (Gi\u00f3p 27:6). V\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;t\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (heart). N\u00f3i chung, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;m\u00f3n qu\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 quan t\u00f2a trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa, m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao t\u00e2m linh v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u201cchai l\u00ec\u201d trong d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf. H\u1ecd ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c, trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, trong v\u00f2ng \u201csinh l\u00e3o b\u1ec7nh t\u1eed.\u201d L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u00e1nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y xa h\u01a1n. Khi tin Ch\u00faa r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n \u201ct\u00e2m linh\u201d s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. Bi\u1ebft nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n, h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi cao. C\u00e2u \u201csinh l\u00e3o b\u1ec7nh t\u1eed\u201d t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ebft\u2026 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi cho N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi\u2026 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conscience\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conscience\/\" >Conscience<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Consecration&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u00ean Th\u00e1nh, Th\u00e1nh H\u00f3a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Latin &lt;em&gt;consecratio,&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;to make sacred&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (l\u00e0m cho th\u00e1nh, bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang ra cho vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh). T\u1eeb mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em\/ \u0111\u1ec3 ri\u00eang ra, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang ra th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;l\u00e0m n\u00ean th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d cho Ch\u00faa. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Consecration Elements\/ Eucharistic Species&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;V\u1eadt Th\u00e1nh, Ph\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c&lt;em&gt;b\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;r\u01b0\u1ee3u nho&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d khi l\u00e0m L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng, \u201c&lt;em&gt;consecration ele-ments&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (ph\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e1nh) c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u00e2n v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa khi l\u00e0m\/ d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/consecration\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/consecration\/\" >Consecration<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Consequence\/ Consequentialism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1eadu Qu\u1ea3, Thuy\u1ebft L\u00ed H\u1eadu Qu\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u201c&lt;em&gt;Nguy\u00ean Nh\u00e2n &amp; H\u1eadu Qu\u1ea3 &lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Cause &amp; Effect) trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Thuy\u1ebft l\u00ed \u201c&lt;em&gt;consequen-tialism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean) b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n; c\u00f2n gi\u00e1o l\u00ed \u201c&lt;em&gt;nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Nh\u00ecn k\u1ef7, lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, g\u1ecdi n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, c\u00f2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 duy t\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/consequence-consequentialism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/consequence-consequentialism\/\" >Consequence\/ Consequentialism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Consequences of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1eadu Qu\u1ea3 T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi trong h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c (Rom. 10:23).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/consequences-of-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/consequences-of-sin\/\" >Consequences of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Conservation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u1ea3o T\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb mang m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00fd th\u1ee9c\/ gi\u00e1o l\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (Col. 1:16-17; Neh. 9:6; H\u00eab. 1:3). &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Conservative&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3o T\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;. Thuy\u1ebft l\u00ed, ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1edbi m\u1ebd trong m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c. &lt;strong&gt;Conservative Theology&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7, Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7).&lt;\/em&gt; Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n hay Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o C\u1ed5 \u0110i\u1ec3n (&lt;em&gt;Classical Theology&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb tr\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0 &lt;em&gt;Modern Theology, Liberal Theology&lt;\/em&gt; v.v\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conservation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conservation\/\" >Conservation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Consistence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u00f4ng Thay \u0110\u1ed5i, V\u1eefng B\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/consistence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/consistence\/\" >Consistence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Constantinople, Council of (381AD)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Constantinople&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c La-m\u00e3 \u2013 Constan-tinople. Kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng do Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Theodosius I, h\u1ecdp 150 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u01b0a chia ra gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Arianism, Sabellianism v\u00e0 Apolliarianism. Gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa minh \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, con m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Nicene (325AD) - minh \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ec1m Tin tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0o Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Trinitanian Doctrine&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nGi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Constans-tinople (I) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c minh \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Cha), \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su (Con) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh (Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i) cho gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i chung \u2013 b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ni\u1ec1m tin \u2013 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb tr\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u Niceno \u2013 Constantinopo-litan&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Th\u1ee9 I \u1edf Constantinople&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n h\u1ecdp &lt;em&gt;G\u00edao Ngh\u1ecb Constantinople&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Th\u1ee9 II &lt;\/em&gt;(Council of Constanstinople II) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 553 AD (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n h\u1ecdp th\u1ee9 V c\u1ee7a L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh), do Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Justinian tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp, c\u00f3 168 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft khai tr\u1eeb gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft Nestorianism v\u00e0 Origenism, minh \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Ma-ri.&lt;br \/&gt;\nK\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n h\u1ecdp &lt;em&gt;G\u00edao Ngh\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Constantinople Th\u1ee9 III&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0o n\u0103m 680 \u2013 681AD (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 VI c\u1ee7a L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i), do Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Constantine IV tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1ecfi H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Islamic&lt;\/em&gt;), khai tr\u1eeb Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ed9c \u00dd Th\u1ea7n Lu\u1eadn (&lt;em&gt;Neonothelitism&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 minh \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed \u00dd Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u00dd Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ nh\u01b0ng khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u00fd c\u1ea3 hai.\u00a0 Kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/constantinople-council-of-381ad\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/constantinople-council-of-381ad\/\" >Constantinople, Council of (381AD)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Constructive Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970\u2019s, g\u1ed3m h\u01a1n 25 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng chung \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i tr\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1edf b\u1ea3n th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Th\u00e1nh Kinh, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i (&lt;em&gt;Savior&lt;\/em&gt;) duy nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Crit-t\u00f4 Nh\u00e2n (Christian). Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 Ed. Farley; J. Forstman; Pittodgson, E. TeSelle (thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Vanderbilt Divinity School), Carl Braatch (Luteran School of Theology, Chicago), John Cobb (Claremont School of Theology), David Burrell (Notre Dame), Stephen Crites (Wesleyan Univer-sity), Lang-don Gilkey and David Tracy (University of Chicago), Gorden Kaufman and George Rupp (Harvard Divinity School), George Kelm (Pittsburg Theological Semi-nary), David Kelsey (Yale Divinity School), Robert H. King (Millsaps College), Walter Lowe (Candler School of Theology), Schubert Ogden and J. Deschner (Perkino School of Theology), George Stroup (Princeton Theolo-gical Seminary), and Robert R. Williams (Hiram College). T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ee3p so\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd do P. Hodgson v\u00e0 R. King ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Christian Theology: An Introduction to IFR Traditions and Tasks,&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch ri\u00eang do c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia trong nh\u00f3m tr\u00ean xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/constructive-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/constructive-theology\/\" >Constructive Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Consummation of the Age&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eddi T\u1eadn Chung, Th\u1eddi Th\u1ebf M\u1ea1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/consummation-of-the-age\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/consummation-of-the-age\/\" >Consummation of the Age<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Contemplation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m Ni\u1ec7m, M\u1eb7c T\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latin &lt;em&gt;Contemplari&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;to meditate upon&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u1edd Ch\u00faa soi s\u00e1ng qua t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u201c&lt;em&gt;thi\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (meditation) trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. T\u1eeb ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 do c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 n\u1eef tu s\u0129 trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu, s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh m\u1eb7c t\u00e2m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i, s\u1ef1 soi s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/contemplation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/contemplation\/\" >Contemplation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Contempolative Orders&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy T\u1eafc T\u00e2m Nguy\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n vinh danh Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/contempolative-orders\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/contempolative-orders\/\" >Contempolative Orders<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Contemporaneity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed3ng Nh\u1ea5t V\u1edbi Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa trong h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i t\u00edn nh\u00e2n, ngay sau khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf l\u00e0m Ch\u00faa th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/contemporaneity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/contemporaneity\/\" >Contemporaneity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Contemporary English Version (CEV, 1995)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh Anh Ng\u1eef\/ \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;CEV. 1995&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh do H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Kinh Hoa K\u1ef3 (&lt;em&gt;American Bible Society&lt;\/em&gt;) ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, trong s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Con-temporary Theology&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean\/ Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;). S\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean\/ th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi (&lt;em&gt;relevance&lt;\/em&gt;) nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/contemporary-english-version-cev-1995\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/contemporary-english-version-cev-1995\/\" >Contemporary English Version (CEV, 1995)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Context, Conextual, Contextualization Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u0103n M\u1ea1ch, Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Chuy\u1ec3n V\u0103n H\u00f3a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Latin &lt;em&gt;Contextus&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;a weaving together&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d &lt;em&gt;contextere&lt;\/em&gt; (vb) \u201c&lt;em&gt;to weave together&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Cu\u1ed9n, xo\u00e1n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, h\u00f2a nh\u1ecbp, h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o T\u1ef1 Do (&lt;em&gt;Liberal Theology),&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1eeb Contextualization tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0a \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed7i v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u00e2n, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a, trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i\/ phong tr\u00e0o l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. H\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh cho phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0110o\u00e0n Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi (&lt;em&gt;The International Congress on World Evan-gelization&lt;\/em&gt;), kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1972 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ICWE Lausance, Anh Qu\u1ed1c.&lt;br \/&gt;\nCho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t qua quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00fac m\u1eafc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Christ and Culutre&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a Richard Neibur.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/context-conextual-contextualization-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/context-conextual-contextualization-theology\/\" >Context, Conextual, Contextualization Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Contrition&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00f2ng S\u00e1m H\u1ed1i \u0102n N\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Latin &lt;em&gt;contritio&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;a wearing away something hard&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00ec hai l\u00ed do: (1) S\u1ee3 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3, (2) x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0103n n\u0103n, x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i ra, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m n\u1eefa. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 trong th\u1eddi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trung c\u1ed5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/contrition\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/contrition\/\" >Contrition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Conversion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Quy \u0110\u1ea1o, S\u1ef1 Tr\u1edf L\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Metanoia &lt;\/em&gt;g\u1ed3m hai ti\u1ebfng gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i&lt;em&gt; \u201cmeta\u201d \u201cagain,\u201d \u201cafter,\u201d noia \u201ct\u00e2m, \u00fd&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;conversio &lt;\/em&gt;\u201c&lt;em&gt;turning around&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (quay l\u1ea1i). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng theo ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin, v\u00e0 \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i m\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, ngay t\u1eeb khi h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khai m\u1edf trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kho\u1ea3ng h\u1eadu b\u00e1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia m\u1edbi ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n. \u0110\u1ea1i T\u0111g. Karl Barth \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. S\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conversion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conversion\/\" >Conversion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Conviction of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i C\u00e1o Tr\u00e1ch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conviction-of-sin-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conviction-of-sin-2\/\" >Conviction of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Conviction of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1o Tr\u00e1ch T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i, Th\u00e1nh Linh Khuy\u1ebfn C\u00e1o, S\u1ef1 C\u00e1o Tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00fac c\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh, hay m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft l\u00f2ng \u0103n n\u0103n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed7i t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha sai \u0110TL \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i trong th\u1ebf gian (Gi\u0103. 16:8-16). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110TL th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng, \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu m\u1edbi. Thi\u1ebfu y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0110TL khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn,&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conviction-of-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/conviction-of-sin\/\" >Conviction of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Convocation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1eddi Tri\u1ec7u T\u1eadp L\u1ea1i, M\u1eddi H\u1ecdp, M\u1eddi T\u1ec1 T\u1ef1u L\u1ea1i, Chung L\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 Old Testament &lt;em&gt;migr\u0101 &lt;\/em&gt;(AV &amp; RSV: M\u1eddi tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp th\u00e1nh hay th\u00e1nh tri\u1ec7u, Lev. 23). Trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5. Trong ti\u1ebfng Latin &lt;em&gt;convocare&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;to call together&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau); trong th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch long tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. V\u1ec1 sau, t\u1eeb b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m d\u00f9ng (v\u00ec \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 cho thu\u1ebf v\u1ee5) trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/convocation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/convocation\/\" >Convocation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cornerstone, Christ As&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ L\u00e0 \u0110\u00e1 G\u00f3c Nh\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;eben pinnah&lt;\/em&gt;, Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;akrogoniaios&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0m g\u00f3c, \u0111\u00e1 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c). T\u1eeb ng\u1eef Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u00e1 G\u00f3c Nh\u00e0 hay l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea7u G\u00f3c; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 chu\u1ea9n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 (Eph. 2:20; I Phi. 2:6). Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 g\u00f3c, \u0111\u00e1 chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y (Isa. 28:16; Thi 118:22; Xach. 4:7) d\u00e0nh cho \u00fd x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;temple&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u1edf Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Thi-Thi\u00ean 118:22 \u00fd n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u00e1 G\u00f3c nh\u00e0, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 V\u1ea7ng \u0110\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cornerstone-christ-as\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cornerstone-christ-as\/\" >Cornerstone, Christ As<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Corporate, Prayer of Confession&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n Li\u00ean T\u1ee5c H\u1ee3p \u00dd V\u1edbi Nhau&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 ho\u1eb7c trong gi\u1edd c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ng\u00e0y nay \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng kh\u1ea9n nguy\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec d\u00e2ng c\u1ea7u Ch\u00faa gi\u00fap. L\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u01a1n danh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/corporate-prayer-of-confession\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/corporate-prayer-of-confession\/\" >Corporate, Prayer of Confession<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Corporeal Acts, The Sevent&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3y \u0110i\u1ec1u \u00c2n Hu\u1ec7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tu\u00e2n theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su trong s\u00e1ch Ma-thi-\u01a1 25:31-46 v\u00e0 \u00ca-sai 58:6-10. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0: &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0110\u00f3i cho \u0103n, kh\u00e1t cho u\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea1, m\u1eb7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t k\u1ebb ch\u1ebft hoang.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/corporeal-acts-the-sevent\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/corporeal-acts-the-sevent\/\" >Corporeal Acts, The Sevent<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Corpus Christi, Feast of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Th\u00e2n Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Latin c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;body of Christ&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d M\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/corpus-christi-feast-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/corpus-christi-feast-of\/\" >Corpus Christi, Feast of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Correlation, Method of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee9c Suy Lu\u1eadn T\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia Paul Tillich qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n \u00a0k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n sinh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Trong gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 n\u00e9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 suy lu\u1eadn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/correlation-method-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/correlation-method-of\/\" >Correlation, Method of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Corruption&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u0103ng Ho\u1ea1i, S\u1ef1 Xa \u0110\u1ecda&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb mang nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi A-\u0111am ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i tr\u00e1i L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa (S\u00e1ng 3-6). &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Corrupted Nature&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n T\u00ednh B\u0103ng Ho\u1ea1i T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, xa ng\u00e3, x\u1ea5u xa sau khi A-\u0111am ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u1ea5m (S\u00e1ng 3; Eph. 4:22; II Tim. 3:8; T\u00edt 1:15; Phi. 1:4, 19). T\u1eeb ng\u1eef thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ngay sau khi tr\u00e1i L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, trong s\u1ea1ch, th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0\u1eddng cho b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u xa, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7 v\u01b0\u01a1ng, Sa-tan. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0103n n\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u201c&lt;em&gt;Corrupted Nature&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u201c&lt;em&gt;Christ-like Nature&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh gi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa (II Cor. 5:17; Gi. 3:3; Gal. 5:22), v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng theo s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh. &lt;strong&gt;Corruptible&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(Perisable) Body&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 H\u01b0 Ho\u1ea1i, B\u0103ng Ho\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c t\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ung th\u1ed1i, h\u01b0 n\u00e1t, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i (I C\u00f4r. 15:50, 53-54). V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 trong II C\u00f4r 4: 16tt.).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/corruption\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/corruption\/\" >Corruption<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cosmos&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;kosmos&lt;\/em&gt; (world, universal&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt; Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean qua L\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;Cosmogony&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 V\u1eadt L\u00fd).&lt;\/em&gt; Trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;komogonia&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi &lt;em&gt;M\u00f4n V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 V\u1eadt L\u00fd Nguy\u00ean G\u1ed1c&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 V\u1eadt L\u00fd Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;.\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;Cosmology&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;). Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;kosmologia,&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;cosmologia&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. T\u1eeb khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Cosmological Argument for God &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Tranh Lu\u1eadn V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 Quan V\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;). (&lt;em&gt;Xem ph\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;God,&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Arguments For The Existence of). &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cosmos\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cosmos\/\" >Cosmos<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Council of Trent (1546 \u2013 1563)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Phao-l\u00f4 III &lt;em&gt;(Pope Paul III)&lt;\/em&gt; nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh, x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a M. Luther, H. Zwingli\u2026 trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 sau:&lt;br \/&gt;\n1. &lt;em&gt;Giai \u0110o\u1ea1n 1&lt;\/em&gt;, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Paul III (1545 \u2013 1547).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Giai \u0110o\u1ea1n 2&lt;\/em&gt;, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Julices III (1551 \u2013 1552).&lt;\/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Giai \u0110o\u1ea1n 3&lt;\/em&gt;, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Pius IV (1562 \u2013 1563). .&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn minh quy\u1ebft nh\u01b0:&lt;br \/&gt;\n1. &lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt; tr\u00ean Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.&lt;\/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n C\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng &lt;\/em&gt;trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.&lt;\/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng GH&lt;\/em&gt;. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Ni\u1ec1m Tin v\u00e0o L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, b\u00e0 Ma-ri \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh, Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5\u2026\u0110\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y v\u1eabn gi\u1eef m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vatican II (1962 \u2013 1965), nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 minh quy\u1ebft tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.&lt;\/li&gt;\n&lt;\/ol&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/council-of-trent-1546-1563\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/council-of-trent-1546-1563\/\" >Council of Trent (1546 \u2013 1563)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Councils, Ecumenical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/councils-ecumenical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/councils-ecumenical\/\" >Councils, Ecumenical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Counselor (c.16)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng T\u01b0 V\u1ea5n T\u00e2m Linh, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ed1 V\u1ea5n\/ Tham V\u1ea5n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/counselor-c-16\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/counselor-c-16\/\" >Counselor (c.16)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Counter Reformation\/ Catholic Reformation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea3n C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u2013 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n quy cho ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, tu ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent (1546 \u2013 1563) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vatican II (1962 \u2013 1965).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/counter-reformation-catholic-reformation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/counter-reformation-catholic-reformation\/\" >Counter Reformation\/ Catholic Reformation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Covenant \/ Testament&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Giao \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;berith&lt;\/em&gt;, Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;diath\u0113k\u0113&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc, giao k\u00e8o gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan giao d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi nhau. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Giao \u01af\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung (&lt;em&gt;b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf S\u00e1ng 3:15&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 Tuy\u1ec3n D\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i n\u00f3i ri\u00eang (&lt;em&gt;b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u00c1p-ram, S\u00e1ng 12:1-4&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, TK d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed B\u1ea3y (7) Giao \u01af\u1edbc (&lt;em&gt;7 L\u1eddi H\u1ee9a&lt;\/em&gt;): (1) Giao \u01af\u1edbc v\u1edbi A-dam (&lt;em&gt;Adamic Covenant&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Giao \u1ee8\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u (&lt;em&gt;G\u01af m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef&lt;\/em&gt;), S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 3:15, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c giao \u01b0\u1edbc sau). (2) Giao \u01af\u1edbc v\u1edbi N\u00f4-\u00ea (&lt;em&gt;Noah Covenant&lt;\/em&gt;). Giao \u01af\u1edbc giao ho\u00e0 (s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee5t n\u1eefa, S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 8:29tt; 9:8tt). (3) Giao \u01af\u1edbc v\u1edbi Ab-ram (&lt;em&gt;Abramic Covenant&lt;\/em&gt;), Giao \u01af\u1edbc trong ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh. (4) Giao \u01af\u1edbc v\u1edbi M\u00f4i-se (&lt;em&gt;Moises Covenant&lt;\/em&gt;), Giao \u01af\u1edbc 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n, Ph\u1ee5c Truy\u1ec1n 4:13tt - 5-6. (5) Giao \u01af\u1edbc v\u1edbi \u0110a-v\u00edt (&lt;em&gt;Davidic Covenant&lt;\/em&gt;). Giao \u01af\u1edbc m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ng\u00f4i vua, Thi 89:3tt). (6) Giao \u01af\u1edbc v\u1edfi C\u00e1c Ti\u00ean Tri (&lt;em&gt;Prophetic Covenant&lt;\/em&gt;), Giao \u01af\u1edbc Em-manuel, \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia s\u1ebd ra \u0111\u1eddi. \u00ca-sai 6:14tt &amp; 8:8tt, 40; 55:3tt\u201d. (7) Giao \u01af\u1edbc qua Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, l\u00e0 Giao \u01b0\u1edbc \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. L\u00e0 giao \u01b0\u1edbc cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m con Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi (Gi\u0103ng 1:12; 3: 3,16\u2026).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nNh\u00ecn chung, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Giao \u01af\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;\u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; th\u1ef1c ra, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp Giao \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong Giao \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ebbm l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf s\u1ebd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong t\u1eeb Giao \u01af\u1edbc (&lt;em&gt;Convenant&lt;\/em&gt;) lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Giao \u01af\u1edbc C\u0169 (&lt;em&gt;Old Covenant&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 Giao \u01af\u1edbc M\u1edbi (&lt;em&gt;New Covenant&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00a0Giao \u01af\u1edbc C\u0169 bao g\u1ed3m l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd ban \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i qua \u201c&lt;em&gt;m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i&lt;\/em&gt;, seed\u201d &lt;em&gt;ra t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea7u con r\u1eafn\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(S\u00e1ng 3:15), ngay sau khi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi sa ng\u00e3, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Giao \u01af\u1edbc M\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u00a0s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m (&lt;em&gt;fulfillment&lt;\/em&gt;) khi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u201cEmmanuel\u201d (\u00ca-sai 7:14; 53) ra \u0111\u1eddi do trinh n\u1eef \u00a0Mari trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri 700 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi Ti\u00ean Tri \u00ca-sai v\u00e0 400 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc do ti\u00ean tri Mi-ch\u00ea. \u00a0Giao \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n khi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea\u2013su s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Giao \u01af\u1edbc M\u1edbi l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n cho nh\u1eefng ai tin nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 Vua. N\u00f3i chung, c\u1ea3 hai chung m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mang hy v\u1ecdng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u1eadp giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00f4i N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 2 Giao \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn trong Gi\u0103ng 5:39.\u00a0&lt;em&gt;\u201cC\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i d\u00f2 xem Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi: \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Ta v\u1eady,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Gi\u0103ng 3:16&lt;\/em&gt;. (Gi\u00ea. 32, 33; Esa. 11, 54, 59; Exe. 16; I Cor. 11:25, II Cor. 3:6; Heb. 8:8, 9:15, 12:24). &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Covenant Theology&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Giao \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;). M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi \u201c&lt;em&gt;Nhi\u1ec1u Giao \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d Trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c giao \u01b0\u1edbc \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i quanh Giao \u01af\u1edbc C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. V\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1c giao \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o l\u00ed do c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch trong s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 Zwingli, Bullinger, Anabapists, Calvin v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch trong kh\u1eafp \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, Th\u1ee7y S\u0129, \u00c1i-nh\u0129-lan. (&lt;em&gt;Concerning the Nature of the Covenant of Grace&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Between God and the Elect., 1586&lt;\/em&gt;). Coceius (&lt;em&gt;Doctrine of the Covenant and Testament of God, 1648&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm trong B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Westminister, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Scotland v\u00e0 New England. (&lt;em&gt;Xem \u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;T&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;estament&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/covenant-testament\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/covenant-testament\/\" >Covenant \/ Testament<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Coverdale Bible (1535)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Coverdale, 1535&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n do Miles Coverdale (1488 \u2013 1568) d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c Heb-r\u01a1, Hy-l\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 La-tin (&lt;em&gt;Vulgate&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ee9c Ng\u1eef Luther\u2019s Bible, v\u00e0 Anh ng\u1eef Tyndale\u2019s Bible. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Miles Coverdale \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Tyndale trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/coverdale-bible-1535\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/coverdale-bible-1535\/\" >Coverdale Bible (1535)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Creation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, T\u1ea1o D\u1ef1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05e8\u05b8\u05a3\u05d0&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;bara&lt;\/em&gt;, \u0111tqk, created,). \u00dd ngh\u0129a trung th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng (&lt;em&gt;out of nothing&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Th\u1ef1c ra, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, khi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. T\u1eeb s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (&lt;em&gt;bara\u2019th&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng 5 l\u1ea7n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1, v\u00e0 17 trong to\u00e0n S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd, v\u00e0 trong to\u00e0n KT g\u1ed3m 57 l\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n sau l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i 5 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u. &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u1eeb k\u1ebf sau&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creation\/\" >Creation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Creation, Doctrine of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00edn L\u00ed S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 (theo nh\u01b0 S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 1). Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (visible) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (invisible), v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu c\u01a1. T\u00edn L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong t\u00edn l\u00ed s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc qua Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;God as&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Creator, Redeemer, Sustainer&lt;\/em&gt;) (S\u00e1ng 1; Esa. 40:28, 42:5, 45:18; M\u00e1c 13:19; Eph. 8:9; C\u00f4l. 1:16; Thi 33:9; 148:5; Mal. 2:10; Kh\u1ea3i 4:11; T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3, c\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin t\u1eeb n\u0103m 325 -). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o minh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n1. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ngu\u1ed3n S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o V\u1ea1n V\u1eadt v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.&lt;br \/&gt;\n2. Ng\u00e0i S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng (&lt;em&gt;Create out of Nothing&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 &lt;em&gt;Create exnihilo&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c&lt;br \/&gt;\nngo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o.&lt;br \/&gt;\n3. Ng\u00e0i ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c trong s\u00e1u ng\u00e0y trong \u00fd to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTuy nhi\u00ean, qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, tri th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Do \u0111\u00f3, ni\u1ec1m tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t trong s\u00e1u ng\u00e0y&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Creation&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Continuous&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Creation&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o Li\u00ean T\u1ee5c), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;New Creation&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (T\u00e2n T\u1ea1o, S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Development Within Creation&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o N\u1ed9i Th\u1ec3), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Progressive Creation&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o Ti\u1ec7m Ti\u1ebfn)\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creation-doctrine-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creation-doctrine-of\/\" >Creation, Doctrine of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Creationism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft L\u00ed S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Thuy\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00e0y ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o. Linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh thai nhi trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9 do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u201c&lt;em&gt;traducianism&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n &lt;strong&gt;soul).&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creationism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creationism\/\" >Creationism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Creationism, Progressive&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft L\u00ed S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o Ti\u1ec7m Ti\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u (m\u1eabu). R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu n\u00e0y qua th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ra nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng (&lt;em&gt;family)&lt;\/em&gt;. Th\u1eadt ra, l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creationism-progressive\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creationism-progressive\/\" >Creationism, Progressive<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Creationist View of the Soul&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Linh H\u1ed3n Theo S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng sinh ra b\u1edfi Cha m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 thai.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creationist-view-of-the-soul\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creationist-view-of-the-soul\/\" >Creationist View of the Soul<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Creative&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ea1o V\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. Trong ni\u1ec1m tin C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Creative Evolution&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ebfn H\u00f3a S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;). M\u1ed9t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u00fd tr\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng, qua c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;natural selection&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00eam c\u00e1c &lt;em&gt;\u201clo\u00e0i\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; kh\u00e1c qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creative\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creative\/\" >Creative<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Creator&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u05d1\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b5\u05d0&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u0599&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, n\u1ebfu t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft hoa \u201c&lt;em&gt;Creator&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o\u2013 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a. Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf\u00a0 \u00a0\u00ca-sai 40:28 ghi: &lt;strong&gt;\u05d1\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b5\u05d0\u0599&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;\u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05b8\u05d4\u0599&lt;\/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;Ya-veh \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o\u2026&lt;\/em&gt; \u00a0N\u1ebfu vi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c&lt;em&gt;ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec trong nh\u00e2n gian. Trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Creator&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u00f2n lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, l\u1eadp n\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 sau.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creator\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creator\/\" >Creator<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Creature, New&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ea1o V\u1eadt M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00e0nh cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi sinh l\u1ea1i (&lt;em&gt;born again, born anew&lt;\/em&gt;) ngay sau khi b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i, \u0103n n\u0103n xin tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh (Gi. 3:3; Gal. 5:13-26; \u00caph\u00ea. 4:17-32; II Cor, 5:17; \u00a0Rom. 5-8). &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Born Again, New Life&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creature-new\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creature-new\/\" >Creature, New<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Creed&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;credo,&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;I believe&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn l\u00ed l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u00f4i tin&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y do s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c l\u1eddi r\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1n b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean (Ph\u1ee5c 6:4-9, 26:5-9; Gi\u00f4. 14:14), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 (Gi. 1:41; II Tes 2:15; Gal. 6:6). Do truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Trong L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 ba b\u1ea3n t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c t\u00edn n\u00e0y: B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 (&lt;em&gt;Apostle\u2019s Creed&lt;\/em&gt;), B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u Ni-cene (&lt;em&gt;Nicene Creed&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u Athanasius (&lt;em&gt;Athanasian Creed&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Creed (&lt;em&gt;T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u&lt;\/em&gt;) - B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3t nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf quy\u1ec3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Nh\u00ecn chung, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu m\u1edbi, \u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3t g\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb sai l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o. \u00a0C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n cho c\u00e1c HT ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creed\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creed\/\" >Creed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Creed, Baptismal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u B\u00e1p-tem&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u00e0i t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn m\u00e0 t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1eed l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creed-baptismal\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/creed-baptismal\/\" >Creed, Baptismal<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Crisis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nguy Bi\u1ebfn, Kh\u00f3 Nguy, L\u1ee3i H\u1ea1i, Ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecbnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;krisis&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eaby ra. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea9y ra l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u00fd th\u1ee9c hay ni\u1ec1m tin trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u0111\u1ec3 cung \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng cho ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu m\u1edbi, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/crisis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/crisis\/\" >Crisis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Crisis Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Kh\u1ee7ng Ho\u1ea3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, do c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o theo ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng (&lt;em&gt;neo-orthodox&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Dialectical Theology&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;) kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng do thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia Karl Barth (1886 \u2013 1968). \u00dd t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o hay th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a c\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hay nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng si\u00eau h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m linh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i kinh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a Tdg. Kark Barth trong quy\u1ec3n Gi\u1ea3i Kinh Roma (&lt;em&gt;Romanbrief&lt;\/em&gt;). Qua s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i kinh n\u00e0y, Tdg. Barth tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong l\u00e0ng Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, v\u00e0 m\u00f4n thi\u00ean\/ th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho m\u00f4n quy trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110CV sau n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u00f4n Bi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ecdc. \u00a0D\u1ea7u v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u2026 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e2m linh, si\u00eau h\u00ecnh.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Crisis Theology&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 chia c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eefu, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. Nh\u00ecn chung, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 cao&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;Nh\u01b0ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft KT ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n qui ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc cao si\u00eau s\u00e2u nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/crisis-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/crisis-theology\/\" >Crisis Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Critical Realism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecbnh Th\u1ef1c H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; do c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia A. O. Lovejoy, George Santayanan v\u00e0 R. W. Sellars g\u1ed1c M\u1ef9. Tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt li\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c, gi\u00fap \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt (&lt;em&gt;data&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (&lt;em&gt;object&lt;\/em&gt;) ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c xa v\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c minh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/critical-realism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/critical-realism\/\" >Critical Realism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Criticism, Biblical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u0103n B\u1ea3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;krinein&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;to judge, to discern&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh). T\u1eeb thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i m\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. S\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, n\u1ed9i dung, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh v\u0103n kh\u00e1c. Danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Khoa nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Kinh L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nay. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Criticism, Cananical&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecbnh Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;). Khoa nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, th\u1eddi gian, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft quy\u1ec3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. &lt;strong&gt;Criticism, Form&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u00ecnh Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;). Khoa nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. \u0110\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch, ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi: &lt;em&gt;Sitz-im Leben&lt;\/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Criticism, Historical &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecbnh L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;). Khoa nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1eed t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn, s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u00fac b\u1ea3n v\u0103n. &lt;strong&gt;Criticism, Narrative&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecbnh Truy\u1ec7n Thu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;). Khoa nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00e2u truy\u1ec7n, s\u00e1ch k\u1ec3, n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a khoa n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n k\u00fd theo v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng \u00fd cho s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. &lt;strong&gt;Critical, Redaction&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u00e1i Duy\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;). Khoa nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i duy\u1ec7t \u201c&lt;em&gt;editing&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tu ch\u00ednh, t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n, tr\u00f9ng tu, hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khoa chuy\u00ean nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 tu s\u1eeda, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, ch\u00fa th\u00edch th\u00eam, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean so v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh. &lt;strong&gt;Criticism, Rhetorical&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecbnh Thu\u1eadt H\u00f9ng Bi\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;). Khoa ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh tr\u00ean kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft (tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c) Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe tin nh\u1eadn l\u1ebd th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin. &lt;strong&gt;Criticism, Source&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecbnh Ngu\u1ed3n T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u&lt;\/em&gt;). Khoa nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (&lt;em&gt;texts&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadm v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed li\u1ec7u. Nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 JEDP (Yahwist, Elohist, Deuterono-mist v\u00e0 Priestly) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Ng\u0169 Kinh v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n v\u0103n th\u1ec3. &lt;strong&gt;Criticism, Structural&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecbnh C\u1ea5u Tr\u00fac V\u0103n Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;). Khoa nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m, h\u00e0nh v\u0103n, l\u1ed1i di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3,v\u0103n phong, truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u, c\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n x\u01b0a, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i.v.v\u2026 &lt;strong&gt;Criticism, Textual&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u0103n B\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt;). Khoa nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u0103n th\u1ec3, ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, v\u0103n phong v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n g\u1ed1c. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a mu\u1ed1n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. V\u00ec th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ai t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c Th\u00e1nh Kinh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n, sao ch\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng trong khi sao ch\u00e9p. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;textual criticism&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 t\u1eeb chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/criticism-biblical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/criticism-biblical\/\" >Criticism, Biblical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cross, Crucifixion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eadp T\u1ef1 gi\u00e1, S\u1ef1 \u0110\u00f3ng \u0110inh Tr\u00ean Th\u1eadp T\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Cross&lt;\/em&gt; trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Stauros&lt;\/em&gt;, ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;crux&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef th\u1eadp (+), d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed t\u1ed9i t\u1eed h\u00ecnh trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La-m\u00e3. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;cross &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0 t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;crucifixion&lt;\/em&gt; lu\u00f4n \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su tr\u00ean c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sinh (I Cor. 1:23, 2:2; Gal. 6:14; Col. 1:20). Th\u1ef1c ra c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c x\u1eed t\u1eed t\u1ed9i tr\u00ean c\u00e2y g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0: +, X, P, l&lt;strong&gt;\u2026&lt;\/strong&gt; H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u00e8n h\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t khinh mi\u1ec7t t\u1eed t\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ng\u0103m \u0111e ngu\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cross-crucifixion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cross-crucifixion\/\" >Cross, Crucifixion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Crucified With Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ecb \u0110\u00f3ng \u0110inh V\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ai tin nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0m C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (Gal. 2:19). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf &lt;em&gt;b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt; (ego, self) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i theo Ch\u00faa, s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa, hy-sinh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh ham mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. S\u00e1ch Ga-la-ti v\u00e0 \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi trong Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su - \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e1i sinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/crucified-with-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/crucified-with-christ\/\" >Crucified With Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Crusades&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Cu\u1ed9c Chinh Qu\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111em qu\u00e2n chinh ph\u1ea1t H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o (V\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 9&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;-12&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n cho \u0110\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u01a1n b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n chinh qu\u00e2n trong to\u00e0n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 La-m\u00e3 (do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3) \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nay, th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem, n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd h\u00f9ng v\u0129 nguy nga c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o. D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u0103m 1947, nh\u1eefng v\u1eabn nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd cho H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o cai qu\u1ea3n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/crusades\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/crusades\/\" >Crusades<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Crusades, Evangelistic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Chi\u1ebfn D\u1ecbch Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u1ea3ng L\u1edbn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c sinh ho\u1ea1t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u2013 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, \u0111i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 mang Tin M\u1eebng Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Protestant&lt;\/em&gt;) M\u1ef9, ngay sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c Hi\u1ec7p Ch\u1ee7ng Qu\u1ed1c Hoa K\u1ef3. C\u0169ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o, l\u1ea5y Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c s\u00e1ch cai tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/crusades-evangelistic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/crusades-evangelistic\/\" >Crusades, Evangelistic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cult&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Nghi\/ L\u1ec5 Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;cultus&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cdevotion, worship\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng). L\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay l\u1ec5 nghi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;cults&lt;\/em&gt; (ph\u00f9 gi\u00e1o, t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nghi l\u1ec5 ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm, m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;heresy &lt;\/em&gt;(d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o, l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o) trong Anh Ng\u1eef.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cult\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cult\/\" >Cult<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Culture&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u0103n H\u00f3a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin: &lt;em&gt;Cohere&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;to till, to cultivate&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (vun x\u1edbi, vun tr\u1ed3ng, c\u00e0y, x\u1ed5i, x\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t). T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, th\u00f3i quen qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, \u0103n s\u00e2u trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ef1 n\u00f3 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n th\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u1eeb n\u00e0y, gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn II, \u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1i hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. V\u0103n ho\u00e1 ng\u00e0y nay thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n (cultural changes), v\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (global economy) c\u00e1i hay v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u2026V\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111a s\u1ed1 (&lt;em&gt;d\u0129 nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n&lt;\/em&gt;), nh\u01b0ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 b\u1ecb chia ph\u00e2n trong t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eebng m\u00e3nh \u0111\u1eddi,\u00a0 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026 \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nhau, nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, b\u1edfi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u2026 T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, trong c\u00e1i v\u0103n ho\u00e1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ngay nay, t\u1eeb v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong sinh ho\u1ea1t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan (&lt;em&gt;world view&lt;\/em&gt;), trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/culture\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/culture\/\" >Culture<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Culutre, Theology of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc V\u0103n H\u00f3a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;Theology of Culture)&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/culutre-theology-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/culutre-theology-of\/\" >Culutre, Theology of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Curse&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u05d0\u05b8\u05e8\u05a4\u05d5\u05bc\u05e8&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u00e1-rur&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;)&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;R\u1ee7a S\u1ea3, Nguy\u1ec1n R\u1ee7a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong KT l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 3:14, khi \u0110CT x\u00e9t x\u1eed con r\u1eafn. \u201c\u2026 &lt;em&gt;m\u1ea7y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3 &lt;\/em&gt;(\u00e1-rur&lt;strong&gt;)&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;trong c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i s\u00fac v\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026\u201d. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn 63 l\u1ea7n trong kinh C\u01af. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n, m\u1ed7i khi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u201ccurse\u201d (cursing, &lt;em&gt;r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u201cs\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh si\u00eau h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao gi\u00e1ng ho\u1ea1, t\u1ea1o kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111au kh\u1ed5\u201d tr\u00ean ai \u0111\u00f3. \u1ede s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf, \u0110CT d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd gi\u00e1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ean con r\u1eafn (Sa-tan), v\u1ec1 sau t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gian \u00e1c sau n\u00e0y (nh\u01b0 trong Thi Thi\u00ean). Ph\u1ea3n ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cban ph\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d (&lt;strong&gt;\u05d1\u05b8\u05a3\u05e8\u05b6\u05db\u05b0\u05da\u05b8\u0594&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; barack)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e2u KT, 3:14, khi Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t A-dam v\u00e0 E-va, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cr\u1ee7a s\u1ea3\u201d tr\u00ean h\u1ecd, ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean Ca-in. Nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa cho bi\u1ebft v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c con ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf s\u1ed1ng\u2026 Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u 17, \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00ec b\u1ea5t v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a 2 v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng Adam. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, trong KT c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3 (hay ho\u1ea1). Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, \u201cph\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00eam l\u00ean, sinh s\u1ea3n, m\u00e0u m\u1edf, phong ph\u00fa, gi\u00e0u c\u00f3.. (S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 1:22tt). \u00dd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa ban cho,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0 C\u00f2n \u201cr\u1ee7a s\u1ea3\u201d l\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cCh\u00faa\u201d gi\u00e1ng kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, Ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u201cnh\u1edd th\u1ea7n linh:\u201d gi\u00e1ng tr\u00ean ai \u0111\u00f3; c\u00f2n \u201cho\u1ea1\u201d n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ckh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn, r\u1ee7i ro, m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u1edbc,\u201d nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh\u2026 Trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a I-s\u1eafc v\u1edbi 2 con trai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. Gia-c\u1ed1p c\u1ed1 \u00fd c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00ca-sau, v\u00e0 \u00ca-sau th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc.\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ecb r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3\u201d.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ed9&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (wrath), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 cho nh\u01b0ng ai d\u01b0\u1edbi \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ed9,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110CT. S\u1ef1 r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u01a1i ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi trong h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c. C\u00f2n \u0111i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai tin nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, s\u1ef1 r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su g\u00e1nh l\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f2n k\u1ec3 n\u1eefa. Trong ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng (Kh\u1ea3i 20). C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus th\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3 (c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9) v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 (Gi\u0103 3:36).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nN\u00f3i chung, t\u1eeb \u201cr\u1ee7a s\u1ea3\u201d cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong TK l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng ai \u1edf ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng tay c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i;\u00a0 b\u1edfi \u201cs\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft\u201d cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ebft \u201cl\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai,\u201d \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3 kinh khi\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft trong ho\u1ea3 ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi (Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 20-22).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/curse\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/curse\/\" >Curse<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cyclical View of History&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u00f2ng Tr\u00f2n L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Quan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Thuy\u1ebft l\u00ed c\u1ee7a s\u1eed t\u00ednh Hy-l\u1ea1p, cho r\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, xoay v\u00f2ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 r\u1ed3i ch\u00e2m d\u1ee9t, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ri\u00eang C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sang m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cyclical-view-of-history\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cyclical-view-of-history\/\" >Cyclical View of History<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Cyril of Alexandria (c. 444)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Cyril X\u1ee9 Alexandria&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 Cyril, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. Trong th\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin sai l\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u01b0 \u00e2m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft Arianism (kh\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1eddi \u0110C Tr\u1eddi\/ Cha), d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb khai tr\u1eeb b\u1edfi G\u00edao Ngh\u1ecb Nicea 325AD. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 430, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi Nestorius. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 n\u0103m 431, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Nestorius b\u1ecb ph\u1ebf ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y. (&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Nestorianism)&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cyril-of-alexandria-c-444\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/cyril-of-alexandria-c-444\/\" >Cyril of Alexandria (c. 444)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-d mix\" data-filter-base=\"d\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">D<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dabney, Robert Lewis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dabney, Robert Lewis&lt;\/strong&gt; (1820 \u2013 1890).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Hoa K\u1ef3 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1565 \u2013 1895. \u00d4ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Virginia, t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 1847. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1853 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Union Theological Seminary \u1edf Richmond. Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Calvin. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, &lt;em&gt;Lectures in Systematic Theology&lt;\/em&gt;, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Mi\u1ec1n Nam (&lt;em&gt;Southern Presbyterian Semi-nary&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, &lt;em&gt;Discussions: Evangelical Theo-logy.&lt;\/em&gt; Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dabney-robert-lewis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dabney-robert-lewis\/\" >Dabney, Robert Lewis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Damnation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ecbnh T\u1ed9i, \u0110o\u00e1n Ph\u1ea1t, Ph\u00e1n X\u00e9t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;damnare,&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;damn&lt;\/em&gt;, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i). Theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n (&lt;em&gt;grace&lt;\/em&gt;)ban cho\u00a0 trong Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi trong h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c v\u00e0 xa c\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n (Mat. 3:12, 5:22; Mac 9:43; Luc. 13:28, II Thes. 1:9). &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1eeb&lt;strong&gt; Judgment&lt;\/strong&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Hell&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/damnation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/damnation\/\" >Damnation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Darby, John Nelson&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Darby, John Nelson (1800 \u2013 1882).&lt;\/strong&gt; L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Anh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Em \u1edf Phymouth (&lt;em&gt;Phymouth Brethren&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp n\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edn l\u00ed thi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n (&lt;em&gt;dispensationalism&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u1ec1 sau, sau nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1i Anh Em \u1edf Anh, \u00f4ng l\u1eadp ri\u00eang Nh\u00f3m Ngo\u1ea1i H\u1ea1n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Exclusive&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t huy t\u00edn l\u00ed thi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n trong kh\u1eafp \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, Canada, \u00c1i Nh\u0129 Lan, v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3. Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3i chung. &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;dispensationalism&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/darby-john-nelson\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/darby-john-nelson\/\" >Darby, John Nelson<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dark Ages&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110en T\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u00fd 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; cho t\u1edbi l\u00fac n\u1ed5i l\u00ean Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng (&lt;em&gt;Renaissance&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dark-ages\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dark-ages\/\" >Dark Ages<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dark Night of the Soul&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u00eam T\u1ed1i C\u1ee7a Linh H\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc t\u00e2m linh (&lt;em&gt;spiritual theology&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110CT trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. T\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chung t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m linh, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110CT \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0: thi\u1ebfu \u0111i d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ecdc kinh th\u00e1nh, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ebb nh\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u1ee7i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 &lt;em&gt;John of the Cross, &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed t\u00e2m linh h\u1ecdc&lt;em&gt; (mysticism). &lt;\/em&gt;T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e2m linh kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh qua s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dark-night-of-the-soul\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dark-night-of-the-soul\/\" >Dark Night of the Soul<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Darkness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u1ed1i T\u0103m, C\u1ecfi U-minh, S\u1ef1 \u0110en T\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1 &lt;strong&gt;\u05d5\u05b0\u05d7\u05b9\u0596\u05e9\u05b6\u05c1\u05da\u05b0&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;w\u01a1-hosek&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;opel&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u00e1ng 1:2, Gi\u00f3p 38:19) v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;skotia&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;zophos&lt;\/em&gt; (Gi\u0103ng 3:19&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, c\u1ecfi u minh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, gian \u00e1c, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2 l\u1ea7n trong KT (&lt;em&gt;w\u01a1-hosek&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 78 l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. \u00a0Trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra l\u00e0m hai: th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u00e1ng l\u00e1ng (c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng). Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00a0\u201ct\u1ed1i t\u0103m\u201d, l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1edf trong s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Sa-tan, Ma Qu\u1ef7\u00a0 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c, th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi bao g\u1ed3m: (1) C\u00e1i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u201cSinh L\u00e3o B\u1ec7nh T\u1eed\u201d. \u0110\u1ebfn c\u1eeda t\u1eed l\u00e0 h\u1ebft, v\u00ec h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 (2) \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. (3) L\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb x\u01b0a t\u1edbi nay kh\u00f4ng ai tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng \u201csinh l\u00e3o b\u1ec7nh t\u1eed\u201d. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ngh\u0129 ra c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu th\u00e2n \u00e9p x\u00e1c, s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t hy v\u1ecdng\u2026 d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng hy v\u1ecdng r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng manh. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng mong manh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 si\u00eau tho\u00e1t. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201csi\u00eau tho\u00e1t\u201d, n\u00f3i n\u00f4m na, l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t si\u00eau kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u\u2026 r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u201ctho\u00e1t t\u1ee5c\u201d \u201cgi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u201d v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n\u2026 m\u1ed9t hy v\u1ecdng thi\u1ebfu d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, thi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng gian,.. m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u00e1ng l\u00e1ng\u2026 Xin xem &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lighness, &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;nh\u01b0ng t\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201c\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u201d l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ph\u00e1n, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ta l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u00e1n, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ta l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d. &lt;\/em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Gi\u0103ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn: \u201c\u00a0&lt;em&gt;Trong Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, &lt;strong&gt;s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng&lt;\/strong&gt; l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng&lt;\/strong&gt; c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;S\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng&lt;\/strong&gt; soi trong &lt;strong&gt;t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m&lt;\/strong&gt; ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y &lt;strong&gt;s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d(Gi\u0103 1:5-6)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ngo\u00e0i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh 2 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean, \u201cs\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m\u201d c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edd d\u1ea1i, ngu mu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u1ed9 (&lt;em&gt;ignorance&lt;\/em&gt;) (Giop 37:19). Ngh\u0129a xa h\u01a1n, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, kh\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n (Thi 107:10; Cham 2:13), tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng (Thi 88:12). Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 che khu\u1ea5t, m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa ban \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t (S\u00e1ng 1:2; Gi 3:19; Eph. 6:12). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft (Gi\u00f3p 17:13; Thi. 143:3; Esa. 5:30) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2013 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ya-weh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Gi\u00f4-\u00ean 2:2; A-m\u1ed1t 5:18).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/darkness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/darkness\/\" >Darkness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Darwinism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Darwin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Darwin kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng do Charles Darwin (1809 \u2013 1882) tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (trong c\u00f5i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean) t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1p. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y b\u1eaft mgu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a C. Darwin l\u00e0 John Darwin. Th\u1eadt ra, Darwin \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean trong chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc, l\u00ed lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong bu\u1ed5i ban \u0111\u1ea7u trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 1 v\u00e0 2. Then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft Darwin d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t \u201c&lt;em&gt;m\u1eabu x\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. B\u1edfi m\u1eabu x\u00edch n\u00e0y, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i sau n\u00e0y. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;Darwinian Controversy&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Tranh Lu\u1eadn Thuy\u1ebft Darwin&lt;\/em&gt;). Sau khi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Darwin ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Origin of Species&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o (&lt;em&gt;Creationism&lt;\/em&gt;) trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft Darwin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00f3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;m\u1eabu x\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p. Ng\u00e0y nay, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft Darwin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/darwinism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/darwinism\/\" >Darwinism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dasein&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu\/ Hi\u1ec7n Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a trong Anh Ng\u1eef, &lt;em&gt;\u201cexistence, presence, life\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u2013 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u00fd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ed1ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c (&lt;em&gt;hi\u1ec7n sinh&lt;\/em&gt;). &lt;em&gt;Dasein&lt;\/em&gt; lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f4m nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dasein\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dasein\/\" >Dasein<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Davidic Covenant&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Giao \u01af\u1edbc C\u1ee7a \u0110a-vit&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 Giao \u01af\u1edbc m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u1eadp v\u1edbi vua David v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (&lt;em&gt;ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1eddi giao \u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Adam, Noe, Abram, Moise&lt;\/em&gt;). \u1ea4y l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ebd sinh ra t\u1eeb vua David v\u00e0 h\u1eadu t\u1ef1 (II Sam. 7; II S\u1eed 13:5).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/davidic-covenant\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/davidic-covenant\/\" >Davidic Covenant<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Day of Judgment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y Ph\u00e1n X\u00e9t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;bao g\u1ed3m \u201cNg\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Day of God&lt;\/em&gt;), ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t trong s\u00e1ch C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc: E-x\u00ea-chi\u00ean, Gi\u00f4-\u00ean, \u00d4-s\u00ea v\u00e0 \u1edf T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 &lt;em&gt;M\u00e9t-sia, &lt;\/em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng ai kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb (Math. 10:15; 11:22; 24; 12:36; II Phi 2:9; 3:7; I Gi\u0103ng 4:17; Kh\u1ea3i. 21).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/day-of-judgment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/day-of-judgment\/\" >Day of Judgment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Day of The Lord&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y C\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. C\u00e1c Kinh S\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d nh\u01b0 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00f4-\u00ean, S\u00e1ch A-m\u1ed1t. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0 trong s\u00e1ch \u0110a-ni-\u00ean, Ha-ba-c\u00fac, \u00c1p-\u0111ia. \u00d4-s\u00ea. v. v\u2026 (\u00ca-sai 13:9; Gi\u00f4-\u00ean 1:15; 2:11; A-m\u1ed1t 5:20) v\u00e0 Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su (Ma-thi-o 23; II Phi. 3:10; II Tes.5: 1tt.). Nhi\u00ean h\u1eadu, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ch\u00e3y \u0103n n\u0103n, \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u xin s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9,\u201d v\u00ec th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n k\u1ecbp n\u1eefa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/day-of-the-lord\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/day-of-the-lord\/\" >Day of The Lord<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Days, Last&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ng\u00e0y Sau R\u1ed1t&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem &lt;em&gt;The Last Days&lt;\/em&gt; (Nh\u1eefng Ng\u00e0y Cu\u1ed1i C\u00f9ng). Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch Ma-thi-\u01a1 24; \u0110a-ni-\u00ean 7 v\u00e0 II Tes. 4-5. &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;em&gt;eschatology&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/days-last\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/days-last\/\" >Days, Last<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deacon\/ Deaconess&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ea5p S\u1ef1, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e0m C\u00f4ng, L\u00e0m T\u1edb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;diakonos &lt;\/em&gt;\u2013 (&lt;em&gt;servant&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;minister): &lt;\/em&gt;\u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb, m\u1ee5c s\u1ef1; Latin: &lt;em&gt;diaconisa&lt;\/em&gt; ). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u2013 d\u00f9ng cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lo s\u0103n s\u00f3c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7c chuy\u00ean lo ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng \u0103n (C\u00f4ng 6: 1-6). Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 1, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u2013 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 lo cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u2013 d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y n\u1eefa trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u00fd ngh\u0129a thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1, l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o hay m\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh (C\u00f4ng 6:1-6; I Tim 3:8, 12; Phil. 1:1).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deacon-deaconess\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deacon-deaconess\/\" >Deacon\/ Deaconess<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deaconess&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1eef Ch\u1ea5p S\u1ef1\/ hay V\u1ee3 Ch\u1ea5p S\u1ef1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb\/ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd &lt;em&gt;(&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/biblehub.com\/greek\/diakonon_1249.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;diakonon&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;em&gt; - t\u00f4i t\u1edb - ch\u00e1p s\u1ef1 - &lt;\/em&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0 Ph\u00f4-b\u00ea, Roma 16:1). \u00a0T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho qu\u00fd b\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 hay v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1?!? N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec trong HT r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n qu\u00fd b\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u201cch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;n\u00f3i trong HT&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p-s\u1ef1\u201d v\u00ec Ch\u1ea5p S\u1ef1 theo s\u00e1ch Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c&lt;em&gt;ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026\u201d (ITim 3:11; Rom. 16:1). Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y nay trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0n xa h\u01a1n, li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd b\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng? \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng &lt;em&gt;deaconess&lt;\/em&gt; trong h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u1eef m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m HT. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng GH kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 n\u1eef ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 hay l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c HT nh\u1eadn n\u1eef ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: n\u1eef MS qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft cho th\u1ea5y, qu\u00fd b\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ban cho \u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa trong c\u00e1c \u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 khi c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deaconess\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deaconess\/\" >Deaconess<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deaconstruction\/ Deaconstructionism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ec7t T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n, nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed5 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i kinh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111en m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn si\u00eau h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 si\u00eau bi\u1ebfn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deaconstruction-deaconstructionism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deaconstruction-deaconstructionism\/\" >Deaconstruction\/ Deaconstructionism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dead Sea Scrolls&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cu\u1ed9n Kinh \u1ede Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9n kinh vi\u1ebft tay (&lt;em&gt;manuscripts&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1947.\u00a0 C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y do m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu ch\u0103n chi\u00ean t\u00ecm c\u00e1c chi\u00ean l\u1ea1c, t\u00ecnh c\u1edd chui v\u00e0o c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng &lt;em&gt;(caves)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n gi\u1ea5y (&lt;em&gt;kinh&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e0nh. C\u1eadu n\u00e0y \u0111em b\u00e1n r\u1ebb cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed5 \u1edf ph\u1ed1. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 ra \u2013 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t (250 BC \u2013 70 AD) do c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Qumran l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u01b0\u1edbc Israel b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i La-m\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dead-sea-scrolls\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dead-sea-scrolls\/\" >Dead Sea Scrolls<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dead, Abode of the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ed7 \u1ede C\u1ee7a K\u1ebb Ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u1edf. C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Sheol &lt;\/em&gt;- \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 (D\u00e2n 16:30, 33; S\u00e1ng 38, 42; Ch\u00e2m 15:24 \u2013 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t). T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Hades&lt;\/em&gt; (\u00e2m ph\u1ee7) \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p \u1edf Mat. 11:23; 12:40; Lu-ca 10:15. Tuy nhi\u00ean, T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. &lt;em&gt;Sheoh or Hades&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Jesus, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, c\u00f3 l\u1eeda thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t (Mat.5:22; 18:9; M\u00e1c 9:45; Gia-c\u01a1 3:6).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dead-abode-of-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dead-abode-of-the\/\" >Dead, Abode of the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dead, In Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ebft Trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 tin Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft trong ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;) Gi\u00ea-su. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng (Gi. 3:16; I Tes 4:16).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dead-in-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dead-in-christ\/\" >Dead, In Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dead, Prayer for the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n Cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;purgatory&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, nay \u0111ang \u1edf trong l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;c\u1ea3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n \u0111ang \u1edf trong l\u00f2 n\u00e0y&lt;\/em&gt;). Tuy nhi\u00ean, Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0o n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u2013 duy c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u1edf II Maccabees 12:44 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho k\u1ebb ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u1eafm.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dead-prayer-for-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dead-prayer-for-the\/\" >Dead, Prayer for the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dean&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1m H\u1ecdc, Gi\u00e1m Th\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latin &lt;em&gt;decanus&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1eeb ch\u1eef &lt;em&gt;decen:&lt;\/em&gt; 10). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh trong th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y tu qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, \u0111\u1ec1n, cung \u0111\u1ec1n. V\u1ec1 sau, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho th\u1ea7y chuy\u00ean lo h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, ngay c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a HT.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dean\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dean\/\" >Dean<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Death, The First&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c hay th\u00e2n x\u00e1c s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i, c\u00f2n linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ebd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i (&lt;em&gt;hell or sheol&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t. Sau khi ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai (Kh\u1ea3i 2:11; 20:6, 14; 21:8). Theo nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng ai ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn (c\u00f3) s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Death, The Second&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft Th\u1ee9 Hai&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean theo s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n ghi ch\u00e9p 4 l\u1ea7n cho bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha t\u1ed9i, khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai. &lt;strong&gt;Death, of Christ&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft C\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;). Xin xem &lt;strong&gt;Life of Christ&lt;\/strong&gt; (Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1eddi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/death-the-first\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/death-the-first\/\" >Death, The First<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Decalogue&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;dekalogue&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201c10 Words\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;10 L\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; \u2013 Di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 10 l\u1eddi, l\u1ebd th\u1eadt, ch\u00e2n l\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed s\u1ed1ng (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu), c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi), v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f3m g\u1ecdn \u00fd ngh\u0129a: 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 6 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ebf, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Xu\u1ea5t 20:1-17). Theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb khi \u0110CT ban 10\u0110R l\u00e0 l\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u201cbi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cbi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. C\u0169ng nh\u1edd \u201cc\u00e1i bi\u1ebft\u201d \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec1n Trung C\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gian gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n v\u1edbi vua, ho\u1eb7c trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt Hummarubi&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Ugarit, ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy-l\u1ea1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc M\u00f4i-se)&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ngay nay, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 (10\u0110R) n\u1ea7y, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. \u201cB\u1ea3n Lu\u1eadt 10 L\u1eddi\u201d (10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n) l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n mang h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, b\u00ecnh an v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh cho nh\u00e2n gian. Ti\u1ebfc qu\u00e1, \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/decalogue\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/decalogue\/\" >Decalogue<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Decision&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;decider&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cto decide\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. &lt;em&gt;Decision for Christ&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n theo Ch\u00faa (&lt;em&gt;commitment&lt;\/em&gt;, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m). M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 theo Ch\u00faa \u2013 Th\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi hay N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do Ch\u00faa cho t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/decision\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/decision\/\" >Decision<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Declaration of Pardon&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u00ean B\u1ed1 S\u1ef1 Tha Th\u1ee9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n xin tha th\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn tha th\u1ee9.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/declaration-of-pardon\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/declaration-of-pardon\/\" >Declaration of Pardon<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Declaratory Act&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;D\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i &lt;em&gt;The United Presbyterian 1879 &lt;\/em&gt;(Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1ea5t) \u1edf \u00c1i Nh\u0129 Lan (Scotland), &lt;em&gt;The Free Church of Scotland 1892&lt;\/em&gt; (Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i T\u1ef1 Do c\u1ee7a \u00c1i Nh\u0129 Lan) v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a &lt;em&gt;The Presbyterian Chruch of U.S.A, 1903&lt;\/em&gt; (Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Hoa K\u1ef3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/declaratory-act\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/declaratory-act\/\" >Declaratory Act<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Decree (of God)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1eafc L\u1ec7nh C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Thi\u00ean L\u1ec7nh, Thi\u00ean Hi\u1ec7u L\u1ec7nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t r\u1ed3i. S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao L\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 1:11. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch tin r\u1eb1ng trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 sa ng\u00e3, s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a... Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa trong c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/decree-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/decree-of-god\/\" >Decree (of God)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Decretive (Will of God)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng \u00dd Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb La-tin &lt;em&gt;voluntas decreti&lt;\/em&gt;, n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eb3ng quy\u1ebft cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y&lt;em&gt;\u201chidden will\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (\u00fd mu\u1ed1n che k\u00edn, che d\u1ea5u, v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cdecisive will\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (\u00fd mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eb3ng quy\u1ebft b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/decretive-will-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/decretive-will-of-god\/\" >Decretive (Will of God)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dedicate&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ec7t D\u00e2ng, Hi\u1ebfn D\u00e2ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;dedicare&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cto declare.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5\/ vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec cho nh\u00e0 Ch\u00faa. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ebfn, hay \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ebfn cho Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dedicate\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dedicate\/\" >Dedicate<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deductive Method&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Lo\u1ea1i Suy&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p suy lu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bao h\u00e0m. Qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i suy, ta s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deductive-method\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deductive-method\/\" >Deductive Method<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deep, The&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 S\u00e2u Th\u1ea9m, H\u1ed1 Th\u1ea9m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u00e2u th\u1ea9m, v\u1ef1c th\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc hay \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. Ti\u1ebfng Heb. &lt;em&gt;tehom&lt;\/em&gt; (C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc) v\u00e0 Hyl. &lt;em&gt;abysos &lt;\/em&gt;(T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc) c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e2u th\u1ea9m, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a \u00e1c th\u1ea7n, ma qu\u1ef7 (Lu-ca 8:31; Rom. 10:7), v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 9:1-6 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi trong ng\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deep-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deep-the\/\" >Deep, The<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Defender of the Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 Ni\u1ec1m Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong th\u1eddi Qu\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 Anh. Nguy\u00ean trong &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kh\u1eb3ng \u0110\u1ecbnh Henry VIII&lt;\/em&gt;, do Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Leo X (1521) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1edfng cho b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Vua Henry ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Martin Luther (1521). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia ra Anh Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/defender-of-the-faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/defender-of-the-faith\/\" >Defender of the Faith<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Defilement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 \u00d4 U\u1ebf, B\u1ea5t Khi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u00e1nh Kinh, r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u00f4 u\u1ebf ho\u00e1 b\u1edfi Sa-tan v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u0103m t\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 tinh khi\u1ebft do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (S\u00e1ng 1-3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/defilement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/defilement\/\" >Defilement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Degrees of Glory&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ec1 B\u1ea1t Vinh Hi\u1ec3n Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin: &lt;em&gt;gradus glorius&lt;\/em&gt; d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u01a1n kh\u00e1c nhau ban cho t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00edn h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p cao th\u1ea5p (I Cor. 15:41-42).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/degrees-of-glory\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/degrees-of-glory\/\" >Degrees of Glory<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dehumanization&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Phi Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u00e1p ch\u1ebf hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec7t h\u1ea1 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u0111i l\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f4n th\u1edd.v.v...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dehumanization\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dehumanization\/\" >Dehumanization<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deification&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ec1 X\u01b0\u1edbng, T\u00f4n Cao L\u00ean Th\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh \u2013 S\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00f4n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin: &lt;em&gt;deficato&lt;\/em&gt;, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 cao, t\u00f4n th\u1edd th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd cho r\u1eb1ng qua \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n dung \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (II Phi-e-r\u01a1 1:4).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deification\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deification\/\" >Deification<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin: &lt;em&gt;deus&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cgod\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh. L\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n (&lt;em&gt;atheism&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 \u0111a ph\u1ea7n (&lt;em&gt;polytheism&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00dd hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf Anh, kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng do Lord Herbert of Cherbury, cho r\u1eb1ng trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n (&lt;em&gt;dei&lt;\/em&gt;) qua lu\u1eadn l\u00ed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb. Tin r\u1eb1ng sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 r\u1ed3i, Ch\u00faa giao th\u00e1c l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u2013 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i! &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;Deity&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h&lt;\/em&gt;ay&lt;em&gt; th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;). Ti\u1ebfng La-tin g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;deus&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cgod\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (th\u1ea7n), &lt;em&gt;\u201cGod\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;) hay &lt;em&gt;\u00d4ng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deism\/\" >Deism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deliberate Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1m T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deliberate-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deliberate-sin\/\" >Deliberate Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deliverance of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng Kh\u1ecfi T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus m\u1edbi th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi (&lt;em&gt;Rom 5-8&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deliverance-of-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deliverance-of-sin\/\" >Deliverance of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deliverance, Deliverer&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng, \u0110\u1ea5ng Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin: &lt;em&gt;deliberate&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cto liberate\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng k\u00ecm t\u1ecfa \u00e1p ch\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi \u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n It-ra-en kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc Ai-c\u1eadp (Xu\u1ea5t 14:13) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai qu\u1ed1c gia cho h\u1ecd. C\u00f2n trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb salvation. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;Deliver&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ti\u00ean Tri trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 Christ - \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i \u2013 Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deliverance-deliverer\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deliverance-deliverer\/\" >Deliverance, Deliverer<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deluge&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed3ng Th\u1ee7y - L\u1ee5t L\u1edbn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;diluvium&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cflood\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed3ng Thu\u1ef7 - C\u01a1n L\u1ee5t L\u1edbn trong th\u1eddi N\u00f4-\u00ea. C\u01a1n l\u1ee5t \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eadp to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd theo nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n N\u00f4-\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p trong trong s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng-th\u1ebf-k\u00fd 6-8.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deluge\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deluge\/\" >Deluge<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Demigod&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e1n Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin: &lt;em&gt;semideus&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u1eeda th\u1ea7n n\u1eeda nh\u00e2n hay v\u1eadt. Trong tri\u1ebft l\u00ed &lt;em&gt;Gnosticism&lt;\/em&gt; (Kh\u1ea3 Tri) cho r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ c\u0169ng trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/demigod\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/demigod\/\" >Demigod<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Demiurge&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e1n T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;demiourgos&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201ccrafter\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;\u201ccraftman\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng 1 l\u1ea7n trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc (Heb. 11:10) n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn sinh ho\u1ea1t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a. Trong tri\u1ebft l\u00ed Plato v\u00e0 Epictetus n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a &lt;em&gt;\u201ccreator.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong tri\u1ebft l\u00ed kh\u1ea3 tri (&lt;em&gt;gnosticism&lt;\/em&gt;) cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng ti\u1ec3u s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o sau khi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi sa ng\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o ban \u0111\u1ea7u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/demiurge\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/demiurge\/\" >Demiurge<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Demon&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ma Qu\u1ef7, Sa-tan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;daimon&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin: &lt;em&gt;daemon&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cspirit.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1c th\u1ea7n, lu\u00f4n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n hay th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n (divine). &lt;em&gt;Demon possession&lt;\/em&gt; (b\u1ecb qu\u1ef7 \u00e1m) \u00a0n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00e1c qu\u1ef7 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qua h\u1ecd. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0111u\u1ed5i ra (Mat. 8:28-34; M\u00e1c 5:1-20; Luc. 8:26-39). &lt;em&gt;Demonic&lt;\/em&gt; thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ef7 hay qu\u1ec9 nh\u1eadp. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Demonolatry&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1edd Qu\u1ef7&lt;\/em&gt;). Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;latreia &lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0th\u1edd l\u1ea1y. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang ma qu\u1ef7, Sa-tan.\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;Demonology&lt;\/strong&gt; (Qu\u1ec9 Ma H\u1ecdc, Sa-tan H\u1ecdc). M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00e0 ma, ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/demon\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/demon\/\" >Demon<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Demythology\/ Demythologization&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ec7t Nhi\u1ec7m M\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia Rudofd Bultmann (1884 \u2013 1976) ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, qua s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0o Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n sinh. C\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed v\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, Bultmann \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m; v\u00e0 qua T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/demythology-demythologization\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/demythology-demythologization\/\" >Demythology\/ Demythologization<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Denney, James&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Denney, James&lt;\/strong&gt; (1856 \u2013 1917). Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scotland (\u00c1i-nh\u0129-lan), sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Glasgow. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eadu \u01b0u h\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc \u1edf Glasgow University. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf East Free Church (1896), v\u00f9ng Dundee, v\u00e0 sau m\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Glasgow. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00ed S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft Th\u1ebf T\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;atonement&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Gi\u1ea3i Kinh Roman (&lt;em&gt;Rome Commentary&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: &lt;em&gt;The Expositor&#039;s Greek Testament (1900)&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;The Death of Christ (1902)&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;The Atonement and The Modern Mind (1903)&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Jesus and The Gospel (1908), &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0&lt;em&gt; The Christian Doctrine of Reconciliation (1917&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u00f4ng c\u00f3 vua James Orr, Ritchies .\u00a0 Th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1ed3m A. B. Bruce, J.S. Candlish v\u00e0 T. M. Lindsey.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/denney-james\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/denney-james\/\" >Denney, James<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Denomination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i, H\u1ec7 Ph\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin: &lt;em&gt;denomi-natio&lt;\/em&gt; (to name&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i trong T\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o, nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i v\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. &lt;em&gt;Denominationa-lism&lt;\/em&gt; \u00a0n\u00f3i \u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i h\u1ecd. S\u1ef1 b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, sau khi M. Luther kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Kinh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/denomination\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/denomination\/\" >Denomination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deo Gratias&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1m \u01a0n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin, l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ca ng\u1ee3i, t\u1ea1 \u01a1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y nay&lt;em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Deo Volente&lt;\/strong&gt; (\u00dd Ch\u00faa). T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deo-gratias\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deo-gratias\/\" >Deo Gratias<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deontological Ethics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3 Th\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deontological-ethics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deontological-ethics\/\" >Deontological Ethics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deposit of Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u01b0u T\u1ed3n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin: &lt;em&gt;deposi-tum fidei&lt;\/em&gt; bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1ee7y th\u00e1c cho h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 (I Tim. 6:20; II Tim. 1:12,14). Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef k\u1ef7 nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Deposition&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (La-tin: &lt;em&gt;depositio&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;putting aside&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d\u2013 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh d\u1ee9t ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deposit-of-faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deposit-of-faith\/\" >Deposit of Faith<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Depravity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u1ec7t V\u1ecdng, B\u0103ng Ho\u1ea1i, Kh\u1ed1n Kh\u1ed5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin: &lt;em&gt;depravare&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cto make corrupt,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb chuy\u00ean trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i hay gian \u00e1c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa c\u00e1ch Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngay sau khi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi sa ng\u00e3. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Depravity, Total&lt;\/strong&gt;: L\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u00e0 T\u0111g. John Calvin d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 A-\u0111am ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u2013 cho d\u00f9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng di truy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn mang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a A-\u0111am (S\u00e1ng 6:5; Rom. 1:28; 3:9-18; Eph. 4:18). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c Arminian kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng b\u1edfi nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\/ tr\u00e1i L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 A-\u0111am \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (total depravity).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/depravity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/depravity\/\" >Depravity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Descartes, Ren\u00e9 (1596 \u2013 1650)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Descartes, Ren\u00e9 (1596 \u2013 1650). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ebft Gia Decartes l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n minh, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (&lt;em&gt;modern&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;age&lt;\/em&gt;), kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. Song song v\u1edbi Descartes \u1edf Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 Tri\u1ebft Gia Francis Bacon \u1edf Anh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ebft gia n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Descartes n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cbi quan\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (doubt and skepticism) v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u00e1i suy lu\u1eadn, l\u00ed lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf (&lt;em&gt;Ultimate Being&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u00e2u n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Descartes l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Cogito, ergo sum&lt;\/em&gt; (I think, therefore I am) (T\u00f4i suy t\u01b0, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 t\u00f4i). T\u1eeb c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y Tri\u1ebft Gia Decartes \u0111i xa h\u01a1n l\u00ed lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, r\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 si\u00eau bi\u1ebfn (&lt;em&gt;trans-cendence&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ngo\u00e0i \u00fd th\u1ee9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/descartes-rene-1596-1650\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/descartes-rene-1596-1650\/\" >Descartes, Ren\u00e9 (1596 \u2013 1650)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Descent into Hell&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Xu\u1ed1ng \u00c2m Ph\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Latin: &lt;em&gt;descensus&lt;\/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;inferos&lt;\/em&gt;. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3, tin r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i ngay xu\u1ed1ng \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 (&lt;em&gt;hades, sheol&lt;\/em&gt;), tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i (I Phi. 3:19). C\u00f3 \u00fd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh Ch\u00faa chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft sau khi Ch\u00faa ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y (Ch\u00faa ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp xu\u1ed1ng ngay \u00e2m ph\u1ee7\u2026).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/descent-into-hell\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/descent-into-hell\/\" >Descent into Hell<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Descent of The Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1ng L\u00e2m C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n (&lt;em&gt;hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ngay l\u00fac Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u1ecbu L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem (Mat. 3:13-17; Mac 1:9-13) v\u00e0 trong ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n (C\u00f4ng 2) khi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7u ngu\u1ec7n tr\u00ean phong cao v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (C\u00f4ng 2-7).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/descent-of-the-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/descent-of-the-spirit\/\" >Descent of The Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deserition, Spiritual&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u00e1ch Bi\u1ec7t T\u00e2m Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh Gi\u00e1o Anh \u2013 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng (&lt;em&gt;bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi&lt;\/em&gt;) hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110en T\u1ed1i C\u1ee7a T\u00e2m Linh.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia hi\u1ec7n sinh, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i Hitler v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n sau n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deserition-spiritual\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deserition-spiritual\/\" >Deserition, Spiritual<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Desert Fathers and Mothers&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u00e1ch Bi\u1ec7t Cha M\u1eb9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt;. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu h\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n, Tu Vi\u1ec7n (Monasticism). Kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi St. Antony (251 \u2013 356) \u1edf \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 v\u00e0 Macarius (300 \u2013 390). Sau \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n (&lt;em&gt;monasty&lt;\/em&gt;) \u1edf La-m\u00e3, Anh, Ph\u00e1p.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/desert-fathers-and-mothers\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/desert-fathers-and-mothers\/\" >Desert Fathers and Mothers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Desire&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ham Mu\u1ed1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;appetitus&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;\u201cappetite\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;\u201cdesire\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n, tham mu\u1ed1n), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi, mong \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u00ec, \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t l\u1eabn x\u1ea5u. Nh\u01b0ng trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3i, kh\u00e1t, ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;epithumia&lt;\/em&gt; from &lt;em&gt;thyo&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n, hay nung n\u1ea5u (&lt;em&gt;boil&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, x\u1ea5u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u2013 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;flesh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d x\u00e1c th\u1ec3, x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt, tham d\u1ee5c, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/desire\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/desire\/\" >Desire<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Despair&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u1ec7t V\u1ecdng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin: &lt;em&gt;desperatio&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201chopeless-ness.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh (&lt;em&gt;existential theology&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb: &lt;em&gt;\u201clanguish, wailing, anguish, terror, desolation, gloom...\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Kh\u1ea3i 6:15-17; 8:13). T\u1eeb c\u0169ng n\u00f3i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng xa c\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi sau ch\u1ebft trong ho\u1ea3 ng\u1ee5c v\u1edbi l\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. (Thi 69:20, Truy\u1ec1n 2:20; Kh\u1ea3i 6:15-17; 20:14-15).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/despair\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/despair\/\" >Despair<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;determinism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb, cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee1 n\u00e0o nh\u01b0: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i, S\u1ef1 T\u1ef1 Do&lt;strong&gt;. &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/determinism-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/determinism-2\/\" >determinism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Determinism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ecbnh S\u1eb3n, \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110o\u1ea1t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;fatalism&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh \u2013 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft tin r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadt &lt;em&gt;\u201cnh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (cause and effect), kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;fatalism &lt;\/em&gt;c\u00f3 \u00fd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/determinism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/determinism\/\" >Determinism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deus Absconditus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u1ea8n D\u1ea5u, \u1ea4n D\u1ea5u, Che D\u1ea5u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n d\u1ea5u trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Martin Luther (1483 \u2013 1546) n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn qua s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u00fd n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb: &lt;strong&gt;Deus Revelatus&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb, M\u1eb7c Kh\u1ea3i&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf qua \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus. Tr\u00e1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Deus Absconditus&lt;\/em&gt;, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i khi ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i cho m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deus-absconditus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deus-absconditus\/\" >Deus Absconditus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deutero-Isaiah&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ee9 Kinh \u00ca-sai&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 kinh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch \u00ca-sai t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 40-55, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deutero-isaiah\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deutero-isaiah\/\" >Deutero-Isaiah<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Deuterocanonical Books&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh Th\u1ee9, S\u00e1ch Lu\u1eadt Th\u1ee9, Lu\u1eadt Th\u1ee9, Ph\u1ee5c Lu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;\u201ckinh th\u1ee9 hai,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch kinh trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Kinh 70 (&lt;em&gt;Septuagint&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Do Th\u00e1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh &lt;em&gt;\u201cApocrypha\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (ngu\u1ef5 kinh, th\u1ee9 kinh hay kinh bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deuterocanonical-books\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/deuterocanonical-books\/\" >Deuterocanonical Books<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Development of Doctrine&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n T\u00edn L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00edn l\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng theo v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed song song v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00ed thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd x\u01b0a nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/development-of-doctrine\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/development-of-doctrine\/\" >Development of Doctrine<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Devil&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c1c Qu\u1ef7, Sa-tan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e1c qu\u1ef7, sa-tan. Xem th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Sa-tan&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/devil\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/devil\/\" >Devil<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Devil Ransom Theory&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Tr\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1 Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i Kh\u1ecfi Sa-tan&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 mua chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i t\u1eeb Sa-tan (v\u00ec Sa-tan \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu gi\u00e1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i!). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 mua chu\u1ed9c cho Sa-tan b\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (M\u00e1c 10:45; Rom. 3:24; I Phi. 1:18-19). Xem th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Atone-ment&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;br \/&gt;\nNi\u1ec1m tin ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 mua chu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft thay t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u0110CT l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1n, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Sa-tan l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Sa-tan c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta. Sa-tan c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0110CT, Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft thay cho ch\u00fang ta.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/devil-ransom-theory\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/devil-ransom-theory\/\" >Devil Ransom Theory<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Devotio Moderna&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o T\u00e2n T\u1eadn Hi\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;\u201cmodern devotion\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. L\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn cho Ch\u00faa qua L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn nh\u00e2n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; do Ph\u00e1i Anh Em (&lt;em&gt;Brothers of the Common Life),&lt;\/em&gt; kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Gerard Groote, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi Thomas \u00e0 Kempis qua s\u00e1ch &lt;em&gt;\u201cThe Imitation of Christ\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0-lan. Th\u1eadt ra, \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc do Th\u00e1nh Augustine. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 n\u00e0y trong C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Devotion&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m Hi\u1ebfn, T\u1eadn Hi\u1ebfn, D\u1ed1c T\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;). Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;devovere&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cto vow\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. S\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, th\u1ec1 h\u1ee9a, l\u1eddi th\u1ec1. L\u00f2ng t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng l\u00ean Ch\u00faa quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m theo \u00fd v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa qua \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. &lt;strong&gt;Devotion, Litur-gical&lt;\/strong&gt;: nghi th\u1ee9c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u00e2ng l\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong l\u1ec5 th\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng. &lt;strong&gt;Devotion, Perso-nal&lt;\/strong&gt;. L\u1eddi t\u00e2m hi\u1ebfn, t\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2ng\/ theo Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, l\u1eddi t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/devotio-moderna\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/devotio-moderna\/\" >Devotio Moderna<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dialectic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e0i Gi\u1ea3ng Lu\u1eadn, Th\u1ea3o Lu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;dialokto&lt;\/em&gt;s &lt;em&gt;\u201cdiscourse\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;\u201cdebate\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, tranh bi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa 2 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a 2 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh, h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh. v.v\u2026 (dialectic # dialectical).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dialectic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dialectic\/\" >Dialectic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dialectic, Hegel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee9ng C\u1ee7a Hegel, 1770 \u2013 1830&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, Tri\u1ebft Gia G. W. F. Hegel \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00ed duy t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Hegel c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng duy t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (object and subject). Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n (spirit) t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Tri\u1ebft l\u00ed duy t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Dialectical Materialism&lt;\/strong&gt; (Karl Marx - 1818-1883) (&lt;em&gt;Duy V\u1eadt Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;). Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft l\u00ed duy t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a G.W.F Hegel (1770-1831), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c. K. Marx l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft duy v\u1eadt. Marx \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (socialism). Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng sao thi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;san b\u1eb1ng giai c\u1ea5p&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;\u201cv\u00f4 s\u1ea3n\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;\u201cc\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc cha \u0111\u1ebb (Nga &amp; \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c) c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i Trung Hoa, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Cuba, h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ngoi ng\u00f3p chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n minh, v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dialectic-hegel\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dialectic-hegel\/\" >Dialectic, Hegel<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dialectical Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Sau n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc duy t\u00e2m v\u00e0 duy v\u1eadt, T\u0111g. Karl Barth (1886 \u2013 1968) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi K. Barth, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 2 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;Paradoxical Nature&lt;\/em&gt;) trong c\u00e1c l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t. N\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cTh\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Kh\u1ee7ng Ho\u1ea3ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (crisis theology). Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Neo-orthodoxy&lt;\/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Dialec-tics&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft Gia Hegel. T\u1eeb c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t &lt;em&gt;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn l\u00ed bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt; b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi &lt;em&gt;ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1&lt;\/em&gt; (thesis), \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;em&gt;ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1&lt;\/em&gt; (antithesis) v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1&lt;\/em&gt; (synthesis). Lu\u1eadn l\u00ed bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t trong lu\u1eadn l\u00ed h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dialectical-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dialectical-theology\/\" >Dialectical Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dialectical Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee9ng (\u0110\u1ed1i Tho\u1ea1i)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;em&gt;Crisis Theology&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dialectical-theology-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dialectical-theology-2\/\" >Dialectical Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dialogue&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed1i Tho\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;dialogos&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin &lt;em&gt;dialo-gus&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;\u201cconversation\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. C\u00f3 \u00fd di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed v\u1edbi nhau trong ni\u1ec1m tin, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\/ gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dialogue\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dialogue\/\" >Dialogue<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Diaspora&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tha Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Bi\u1ec7t X\u1ee9, Ph\u00e2n T\u00e1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i (&lt;em&gt;Jewish&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea5t Palestine. Sau khi b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y bi\u1ec7t x\u1ee9 \u1edf Ba-by-l\u00f4n (586 B.C...) v\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9. N\u00f3i chung, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7t ra cho nh\u1eefng ai\/ nh\u00f3m s\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec7t x\u1ee9, tha ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c, xa qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/diaspora\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/diaspora\/\" >Diaspora<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Diatessaron&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed1n S\u00e1ch C\u1ed9ng Quan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;\u201cnh\u00ecn su\u1ed1t 4 s\u00e1ch\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1ee9c 4 S\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00fac \u00c2m C\u1ed9ng Quan&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n do Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Titan (c.160) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1eddi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf qua c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201charmony of the Gospels\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u1ef1 h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/diatessaron\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/diatessaron\/\" >Diatessaron<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dichotomy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed1i \u0110\u00f4i, Ph\u00e2n Hai&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;dichotomia&lt;\/em&gt; \u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia ra l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nhau. Trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trong thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u2013 linh h\u1ed3n, s\u00e1ng - t\u1ed1i, l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u2013 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf - l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong lu\u1eadn l\u00ed tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dichotomy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dichotomy\/\" >Dichotomy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dictation Theory (of Biblical Inspiration)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00ed Thuy\u1ebft Ghi Ch\u00e9p (C\u1ee7a Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb\/ C\u1ea3m Th\u00fac Vi\u1ebft Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00fac, hay kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft. Thuy\u1ebft C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft Ghi Ch\u00e9p t\u1eebng l\u1eddi \u2013 C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean t\u1eebng l\u1eddi, t\u1eebng ch\u1eef, khi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc\/ n\u00f3i ra cho ch\u00e9p. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd...V\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ghi ch\u00e9p t\u1eebng l\u1eddi, t\u1eebng ch\u1eef... Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 TK c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n d\u1ea1y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dictation-theory-of-biblical-inspiration\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dictation-theory-of-biblical-inspiration\/\" >Dictation Theory (of Biblical Inspiration)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dictation\/ Verbal Inpira-tion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u1ef1c Ti\u1ebfp Soi D\u1eabn, Ghi Ch\u00e9p T\u1eebng Ti\u1ebfng T\u1eebng L\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dictation-verbal-inpira-tion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dictation-verbal-inpira-tion\/\" >Dictation\/ Verbal Inpira-tion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Didache&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u1ea1y Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;\u201cteaching\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7. C\u00f3 \u00fd d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu Ch\u00faa cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tin theo Ch\u00faa. S\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed C\u0103n B\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 &lt;em&gt;Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Y\u1ebfu Ch\u1ec9&lt;\/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;C\u1ea9m Nan T\u00edn L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt; cho ni\u1ec1m tin cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, hay l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;C\u1ea9m Nan&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu theo Ch\u00faa (kho\u1ea3ng 100 AD).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/didache\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/didache\/\" >Didache<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Digamy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ee5c H\u00f4n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;digamia&lt;\/em&gt;, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ee3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3\/ ch\u1ed3ng sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;bigamy&lt;\/em&gt; (l\u1ea5y 2 v\u1ee3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/digamy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/digamy\/\" >Digamy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dignity, Human&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Danh D\u1ef1, \u0110\u1ecbnh Danh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;dignitas,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cworthiness\u201d, \u201cmerit\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean trong &lt;em&gt;h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi &lt;\/em&gt;(image of God, S\u00e1ng 1:26-27), v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft Gia I. Kant (1724 \u2013 1804), t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;dignity&lt;\/em&gt; s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dignity-human\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dignity-human\/\" >Dignity, Human<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Diocese&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ea1t, \/\/ Ph&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1eadn,&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; \/\/ S&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1edf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;diokesis&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cgi\u1eef nh\u00e0, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng...\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c bishop (&lt;em&gt;gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;) lo ch\u0103m s\u00f3c trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c GH C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/diocese\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/diocese\/\" >Diocese<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Diophysite&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Song T\u00ednh, Song Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;dio&lt;\/em&gt; (song \u0111\u00f4i&lt;em&gt;) &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;physis&lt;\/em&gt; (v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u00ednh, th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh). Trong thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 2 b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh v\u1eeba thi\u00ean t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c trong Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su khi Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/diophysite\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/diophysite\/\" >Diophysite<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dipolar Theism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Song Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 2 th\u1ea7n song \u0111\u1ed1i nhau. (1) L\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 (2) H\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dipolar-theism-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dipolar-theism-2\/\" >Dipolar Theism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dipolar Theism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Song Th\u00e1i C\u1ef1c, Song B\u1ed5n Th\u1ec3\/ Song C\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong n\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1eeba c\u00f3 2 th\u00e1i t\u00ednh c\u1ef1c, 2 b\u1ed5n th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c, thay \u0111\u1ed5i, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n... Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;diophysite&lt;\/em&gt; ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eeba l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh) v\u1eeba l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dipolar-theism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dipolar-theism\/\" >Dipolar Theism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Direct Revelation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Minh Kh\u1ea3i Tr\u1ef1c Ti\u1ebfp&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/direct-revelation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/direct-revelation\/\" >Direct Revelation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Discenter&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ed1i, Ph\u1ea3n B\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00fat ra kh\u1ecfi Qu\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o Anh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u2013 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. T\u1eeb n\u00f3i chung v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u1edf Anh nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang H\u1ed9i, Baptist, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/discenter\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/discenter\/\" >Discenter<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Discernment of Spirits&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t C\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 hay th\u1eadt, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tin k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa (I Cor. 2:14-15; 14:29, Rom. 12:2). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n Ch\u00faa cho \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng cho Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u01a1n kh\u00e1c\u2026 \u01a0n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Linh trong HT \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c HT.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/discernment-of-spirits\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/discernment-of-spirits\/\" >Discernment of Spirits<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Discipleship&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed3 H\u00f3a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;discipulus&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201clearner\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. \u00a0T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;disciple&lt;\/em&gt; (m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed), l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ai theo th\u1ea7y h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;discipleship&lt;\/em&gt; (h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00edch th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; Hai t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00fd ngh\u0129 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u\u2026 Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1eeb phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o\u00a0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 sau n\u00e0y (discipleship movement)\u2026&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 ghi Ti\u00ean Tri \u00ca-li c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u00ca-li-s\u00ea, sau \u0111\u00f3 T\/t. \u00ca-li-s\u00ea c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 hay c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri cho Ch\u00faa.\u00a0 C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y \u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u00a0ti\u00ean tri, th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf, ph\u00f3 t\u1ebf sau n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7\/ ti\u00ean tri \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;school of prophet&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;strong&gt;Discipleship&lt;\/strong&gt;.\u201d\u00a0 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u201cs\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a.\u201d H\u1ecdc theo th\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7y. Th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y. Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980\u2019s \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c HT C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1ea1o l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1o m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 \u201cs\u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa\u201d trong \u201ccu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ctrong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.\u201d \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00fang \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa qua h\u1ecd. Halelugia! &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;.\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;Disciples, Jesus\u2019 Twelve&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;12 M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed3 C\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00f3m 12 M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed3\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Jesus ch\u1ecdn\/ g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i theo v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb Ng\u00e0i (Mat. 10:1-4; Luc 6:13-16).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/discipleship\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/discipleship\/\" >Discipleship<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Discipleship Movement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ec7 H\u00f3a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c theo nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 Ch\u00faa, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t Con \u00a0D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ng\u00e0y nay. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebb tr\u00ean t\u1ea1o l\u00ean m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n n\u1ed7i b\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c HT trong c\u00e1c Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf M\u1ef9, sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn II, \u00a0do t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng anh em Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n. Th\u1eadt ra, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eaby ra trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cRevival Move-ment\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Great Revival I &amp; II&lt;\/em&gt;) do nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u01a1n nh\u01b0 George Whitefield, Jonathan Ed-ward, John Wesley, m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u201cTh\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft\u201d. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cth\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft\u201d (holiness), \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cs\u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa\u201d (&lt;em&gt;like Christ&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m v\u1edbi Christ\u201d (&lt;em&gt;mind of Christ&lt;\/em&gt;), nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u201cdiscipleship\u201d (&lt;em&gt;l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;) m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y.&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m th\u00fac m\u1edbi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi anh em s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng theo Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n, t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m theo L\u1eddi D\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ec1 Tr\u1eddi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb l\u00e0 ngay sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 II,\u00a0 ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Cost Discipleship&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, 1945, c\u1ee7a D. Bonhoffer, m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o trong ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Hitler, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi d\u1eady tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o cao v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eaft, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf, th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c theo Ch\u00faa\u2026 \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1970\u2019s tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n l\u00ean do Phong Tr\u00e0o \u00c2n T\u1ee9 (&lt;em&gt;Charismatic)&lt;\/em&gt;,. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990\u2019s, b\u1edfi c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u1edf Ft. Lauderdale, FL v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o B\u00f9ng N\u1ed7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u00fd ch\u00ednh \u201cdiscipleship\u201d (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ec7 H\u00f3a&lt;\/em&gt;) ng\u00e0y nay bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u00f5 x\u01b0a nay, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 5: 1-21, C\u00f4ng 1:8; Ma-thi-\u01a1 28:18-20. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, \u201c&lt;em&gt;m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc th\u00eam cho \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a\u2026 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u00fd Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o n\u1ea7y, h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 d\u1ea5u k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eaby ra do c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 (&lt;em&gt;con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;) m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y 20 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua \u00edt ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00f3. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u, ti\u00ean tri Gi\u00f4-\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft, b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t:&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchristian.com\/kinhthanh\/forward.asp?btt\/28\/2:28&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u201c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0Sau \u0111\u00f3, ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5 Th\u1ea7n ta tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt; con trai v\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i ti\u00ean tri; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y chi\u00eam bao, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb trai tr\u1ebb c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd xem s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y.&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchristian.com\/kinhthanh\/forward.asp?btt\/28\/2:29&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;29&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb trai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb g\u00e1i, ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5 Th\u1ea7n ta l\u00ean.\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchristian.com\/kinhthanh\/forward.asp?btt\/28\/2:30&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;30&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0Ta s\u1ebd t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1 ra trong c\u00e1c t\u1eebng tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t: t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00e1u l\u1eeda, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f3i.\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d(Gi\u00f4-\u00ean 2:28-29).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/discipleship-movement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/discipleship-movement\/\" >Discipleship Movement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Discipline&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed3 H\u00f3a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;disciplina&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1eeb ch\u1eef &lt;em&gt;discipulus&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cdisciple\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/discipline\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/discipline\/\" >Discipline<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Discipline, Spiritual The&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;K\u1ef7 Lu\u1eadt Thu\u1ed9c Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, quy t\u1eafc, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai tin theo Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ea1o Do Th\u00e1i (&lt;em&gt;Judaism&lt;\/em&gt;) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ki\u00eang \u0103n. H\u1eadu b\u00e1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, nh\u1eefng qui t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh Thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/discipline-spiritual-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/discipline-spiritual-the\/\" >Discipline, Spiritual The<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Discrimination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t, K\u1ef3 Th\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;dis-criminato&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb \u00a0trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh, qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00ednh hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Ch\u00faa Jesus trong l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong kinh T\u01af, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng r\u0103n c\u1ea5m s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0 m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o h\u00e8n, c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (Mat. 5:45; Luc. 20:21; Gi\u0103ng 4:7-9tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/discrimination\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/discrimination\/\" >Discrimination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Disolution&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ea3i T\u00e1n, Gi\u1ea3i Th\u1ec3, D\u1ee9t Ph\u00e9p Hi\u1ec7p Th\u00f4ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c hay h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c s\u01b0, v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, ly h\u00f4n, hay gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/disolution\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/disolution\/\" >Disolution<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dispensation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Thi\u00ean Qu\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dispensationalism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd\/ Thuy\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Qu\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd\/ Thuy\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Qu\u1ea3n d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n chia \u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ra l\u00e0m 7 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi nhau, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh P. Poiret, J. Edwards, I. Watts, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1edfi John Nelson Darby trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. Khai tri\u1ec3n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc do James H. Brookes, James M. Gray, C.I. Scofield v\u00e0 L. S. Chafer, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qua quy\u1ec3n KT Scofied Reference Bible (1912-) v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i b\u00ean trong. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dispensation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dispensation\/\" >Dispensation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;District Superin-tendent&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1eadn Tr\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed, CMA n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia v\u00f9ng, h\u1ea1t, qu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ri\u00eang Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Baptist th\u00ec d\u00f9ng Association, State (H\u1ea1t, Ban) and Convention (Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i or \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/district-superin-tendent\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/district-superin-tendent\/\" >District Superin-tendent<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ditheism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Song Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;dis&lt;\/em&gt; (double) hai, &lt;em&gt;theos&lt;\/em&gt;: (God) \u0110CT hay Th\u1ea7n. Ni\u1ec1m tin cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 2 Th\u1ea7n: \u00c1c v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n \u0111ang tranh chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi &lt;strong&gt;dualism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean lu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ditheism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ditheism\/\" >Ditheism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Divine hypostases&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed7i ng\u00f4i trong ba ng\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Tam V\u1ecb Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3, hay Godhead (Thi\u00ean Th\u1ee7, Thi\u00ean T\u00ednh): \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, Ch\u00faa Ch\u00faa Con, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;hypostases&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;\/strong&gt;(t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, n\u1ed9i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong th\u1eddi h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 minh \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110CT (Heb. 3:14;11:1; ICo. 11:17).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/divine-hypostases\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/divine-hypostases\/\" >Divine hypostases<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Divine Providence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Quan Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng quan ph\u00f2ng m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n linh, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m duy tr\u00ec, cung c\u1ea5p, ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3i sau \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 4:28; Rom. 8:29-30; \u00caph. 1:5, 11).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/divine-providence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/divine-providence\/\" >Divine Providence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Divine\/ Divinity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n T\u00ednh, Th\u00e1nh T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ri\u00eang \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa th\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft, cao c\u1ea3, thi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;divinus&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;theology &lt;\/em&gt;(ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;theologos)&lt;\/em&gt;. K\u00e8m v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c divine names, divine office, divine law, divine service.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;Divinity of Christ&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh T\u00ednh C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u2013 Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Christology.&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/divine-divinity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/divine-divinity\/\" >Divine\/ Divinity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Divinity of Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean T\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/divinity-of-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/divinity-of-jesus\/\" >Divinity of Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Docetism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft D\u00f4-cet, GT Gi\u1ed1ng Nh\u01b0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;dokein&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cto seem\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0. Ni\u1ec1m tin cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ ch\u1ec9 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u0110CT th\u1eadt, th\u00ec sao ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Do \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c&lt;em&gt;alien&lt;\/em&gt;\u201dngo\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, vui s\u01b0\u1edbng... \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng &lt;em&gt;thuy\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 tri&lt;\/em&gt; (gnosticism). V\u1ec1 sau b\u1ecb c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i qua Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Nicene 321 A.D, Chalcedon 451 A.D, v\u00ec Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u2013 Th\u1eadt ra, thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Ignatius of Antioch (c. 35 \u2013 c.107) trong cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/docetism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/docetism\/\" >Docetism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Doctrinal Freedom&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Do T\u00edn L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ni\u1ec1m tin chung c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Doctrinal Theology&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn gi\u00e1o l\u00ed thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Tin L\u00e0nh). M\u1ed7i t\u00edn l\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc.\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;Doctrine(s) &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed, T\u00edn L\u00ed, Ni\u1ec1m Tin&lt;\/em&gt;). Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;doctrina&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;docere&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;to teach\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o). L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doctrinal-freedom\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doctrinal-freedom\/\" >Doctrinal Freedom<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Doctrinal Theology. &#8211; Theology, Dogmatic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1o L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o L\u00ed H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;xem&lt;\/em&gt; Dogmatic Theology. &lt;strong&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doctrinal-theology-theology-dogmatic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doctrinal-theology-theology-dogmatic\/\" >Doctrinal Theology. &#8211; Theology, Dogmatic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Doctrine of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00edn L\u00ed V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;doctrine&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;doctrina,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00ed, gi\u00e1o l\u00ed, t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u00e2m l\u00ed, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u\u2026 sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, (1) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; \u2013 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh (S\u00e1ng 1:1-2; Rom. 1:18-20; Eph. 4:18), (2) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;, To\u00e0n N\u0103ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh minh t\u1ecf cho ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, To\u00e0n N\u0103ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai, cao nh\u1ea5t (S\u00e1ng 1-2). (3) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Tr\u1ecdn V\u1eb9n, Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (To\u00e0n s\u00e1ch L\u00ea-vi-k\u00fd, Rom. 1-5; Eph.5; Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 1-2,21-22). (4) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5ng linh th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (S\u00e1ng. 1:2; Gal. 4:3; Gi\u0103ng 4:24). (5) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (S\u00e1ng. 1:1, 2, 3; II Cor. 13:14; Eph 4:4-6; I Pet. 1:2). S\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Con v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. (S\u00e1ng 1; Esa. 9:6; Math 1; Gi\u0103ng 1:1-12; 4:20; 16; I Gi\u0103ng 4:18). (6) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft thay cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (Gi\u0103ng 1:12; 3:16, 3:36, Rom. 3:23; 6:23; Khai 19; 20:11-15). (7) \u0110\u00fac Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u0129nh c\u1eefu (Khai 1:8; 7: 9-18; 19:16; 21: 1tt; 22).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doctrine-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doctrine-of-god\/\" >Doctrine of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Doctrine of Human&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o L\u00ed Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doctrine-of-human\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doctrine-of-human\/\" >Doctrine of Human<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Doctrine of Inerrancy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00edn L\u00ed V\u00f4 Ng\u1ed9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doctrine-of-inerrancy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doctrine-of-inerrancy\/\" >Doctrine of Inerrancy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Doctrine of Providence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o L\u00ed Quan Ph\u00f2ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u00edn l\u00ed h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf trong s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u0110CT \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u chu \u0111\u00e1o trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.\u00a0 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, t\u1eebng \u00fd th\u1ee9c, t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy t\u1ed3n, cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb trong to\u00e0n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u201cth\u1ea5y\u201d r\u00f5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doctrine-of-providence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doctrine-of-providence\/\" >Doctrine of Providence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Doctrine of Scripture&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00edn L\u00ed Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, s\u1ef1 h\u00e0 h\u01a1i, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch gi\u1ea3i kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doctrine-of-scripture\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doctrine-of-scripture\/\" >Doctrine of Scripture<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dogma\/ Dogmatic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o L\u00ed, T\u00edn L\u00ed, C\u0103n G\u1ed1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;dogma&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh, s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh (Luc. 2:1; C\u00f4ng 16:4; Eph. 2:15) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00ed, ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1ec1 sau, trong gi\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy-l\u1ea1p xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i &lt;em&gt;dogma or dogmatic&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00e1ng tin. Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia Karl Barth l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3n di\u1ec5n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch &lt;em&gt;Church Dogmatics&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dogma-dogmatic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dogma-dogmatic\/\" >Dogma\/ Dogmatic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dogmatic Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;T\u00edn L\u00fd Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;G\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c\/ n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed tin ch\u1eafc, c\u0103n g\u1ed1c, ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u; v\u1ec1 sau trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf M\u1ef9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Systematic Theology&lt;\/em&gt;. Tuy nhi\u00ean, &lt;em&gt;Dogmatic&lt;\/em&gt; chuy\u00ean t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, c\u00f2n &lt;em&gt;systematic&lt;\/em&gt; chuy\u00ean t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc bao h\u00e0m l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dogmatic-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dogmatic-theology\/\" >Dogmatic Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Doing Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, ph\u00e1t huy v\u00e0o trong \u00a0h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh hay trong c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, l\u00e0m n\u00ean, hay l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi m\u1ebb n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u1ecdc theo.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doing-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doing-theology\/\" >Doing Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dometic Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Trong N\u01b0\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong \u201c&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1964) c\u1ee7a Vatican II, C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. \u00dd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc (international church).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dometic-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dometic-church\/\" >Dometic Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Domination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec1n \u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng\/ Cai Tr\u1ecb, \u0110i\u1ec1u H\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;dominotio&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201crule\u201d, \u201cdominion\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c do m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam cai tr\u1ecb. \u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00eda n\u1eef ph\u00e1i th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u00fd \u00f4ng n\u00f3i chung, t\u1eeb x\u01b0a nay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u00ean ph\u00e1i n\u1eef cho m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u m\u1edbi\u00a0 m\u1edf \u00fd th\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nam n\u1eef, qua c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i nam n\u1eef b\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf Nh\u00e2n Quy\u1ec1n (UDHR) ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1948.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/domination\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/domination\/\" >Domination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dominican Order&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u1ec7nh Dominican&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh hay gi\u00e1o l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo &lt;em&gt;D\u00f2ng Dominican&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c b\u1edfi Dominic de Guzman (1216) c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cM\u1ec7nh L\u1ec7nh Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (O.P.) m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 Chia S\u1ebd cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u00e2m linh bao g\u1ed3m: Nghi Th\u1ee9c Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, T\u00e2m Ni\u1ec7m C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u KT m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dominican-order\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dominican-order\/\" >Dominican Order<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Donation of Constantine&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u00e2ng Chi\u1ebfu C\u1ee7a Vua Constanstine&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2ng chi\u1ebfu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, cho r\u1eb1ng Vua Constantine the Great (c. 280 \u2013 337) \u0111\u00e3 trao quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng cho Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Sylvester I (314 \u2013 315). Truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3 ng\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n to\u00e0n c\u00f5i La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/donation-of-constantine\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/donation-of-constantine\/\" >Donation of Constantine<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Donatism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Donatus, d. 355&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ly khai v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf B\u1eafc Phi (kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi \u00f4ng Donatus). Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ee9c tin t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. Th\u1ef1c ra, Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Donatus ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Tertullian v\u00e0 Cyprian, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 b\u00ed t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Augustine. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn &lt;em&gt;\u201ctraditors\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(traitors), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai ch\u1ee7 to\u1ea1 L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Eucharist&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u1ec1 sau, c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m li khai n\u00e0y b\u1ecb kh\u1ed1i Muslim chi\u1ebfm ng\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/donatism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/donatism\/\" >Donatism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dositheus, Confession of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dositheus, Confession of&lt;\/strong&gt; (1672) (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Dositheus&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin do Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Hy-l\u1ea1p bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Dositheus, Gi\u00e1o S\u1edf Jerusalem, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Protestantism&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dositheus-confession-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dositheus-confession-of\/\" >Dositheus, Confession of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Douay (Douai) Bible&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh Douai&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n Vulgate ra Ti\u1ebfng Anh, ph\u1ea7n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc xong v\u00e0 in n\u0103m 1582 t\u1ea1i Rheims v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc n\u0103m 1609 \u1edf Douay, N\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1ec9. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tu ch\u1ec9nh, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1eeb ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/douay-douai-bible\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/douay-douai-bible\/\" >Douay (Douai) Bible<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Double Predestination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi Supralapsarianism.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/double-predestination-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/double-predestination-2\/\" >Double Predestination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Double Predestination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh Song \u0110\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin: &lt;em&gt;praedestinatio gemina&lt;\/em&gt;. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai b\u1ecb \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t (&lt;em&gt;election and reprobation&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i... &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Double Effect&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed H\u1eadu Qu\u1ea3 Song \u0110\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 2 chi\u1ec1u h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m (ng\u01b0\u1eddi) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m (ch\u1ed5) k\u1ebft th\u00fac. T\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac hay li\u00ean h\u1ec7.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/double-predestination\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/double-predestination\/\" >Double Predestination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Double Procession of the Holly Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Nguy\u00ean Ph\u00e1t Sinh C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh (&lt;em&gt;proceeds&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;v\u00e0&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 c\u00f2n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;qua&lt;\/u&gt; &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb khi H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb 381 (&lt;em&gt;Nicene Constantino-politan&lt;\/em&gt;) \u2013 v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1edf Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/double-procession-of-the-holly-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/double-procession-of-the-holly-spirit\/\" >Double Procession of the Holly Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Doubt, Religion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nghi Ng\u1edd - T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;dubiture \u201cto ware\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd th\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doubt-religion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doubt-religion\/\" >Doubt, Religion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Doxology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e0i Ch\u00fac T\u1ee5ng, L\u1eddi Ch\u00fac Ph\u01b0\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;doxologia&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 g\u1ed3m &lt;em&gt;doxa&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201c&lt;\/em&gt;praise&lt;em&gt;\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(ng\u1ee3i khen), &lt;em&gt;logia \u201c&lt;\/em&gt;to speak&lt;em&gt;\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(n\u00f3i hay h\u1ecdc). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 L\u1eddi Ch\u00fac T\u1ee5ng Danh Ch\u00faa trong b\u00e0i Ch\u00fac Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Nguy\u1ec7n Vinh Hi\u1ec3n Danh \u0110\u1ee9c Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Con \u00a0v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. L\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong s\u00e1ch IC\u00f4-rin-t\u00f4 16.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doxology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/doxology\/\" >Doxology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dread&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ee3 H\u00e3i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Soren Kierkegaard (1813 \u2013 1855) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia hi\u1ec7n sinh, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (finitude) v\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 do. Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ngay sau khi \u00f4ng b\u00e0 Adam, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u00e1i l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u1ea5m trong v\u01b0\u1eddn E-den (S\u00e1ng 3:9).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dread\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dread\/\" >Dread<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dry Mass&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bu\u1ed5i L\u1ec5 Kh\u00f4 Khan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;missa secca&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 &lt;em&gt;Mi-sa &lt;\/em&gt;c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ecdc kinh v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, trong th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5. Sau n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1eed l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y n\u1eefa, g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Mass (&lt;em&gt;not Dry Mass&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dry-mass\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dry-mass\/\" >Dry Mass<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dualism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean Lu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;duo&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201ctwo&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Danh t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 2 ngu\u1ed3n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng l\u00fac nh\u01b0 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c, t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o song th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00f9ng l\u00fac (&lt;em&gt;ditheism&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong 4 n\u1ec1n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u2013 trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc si\u00eau h\u00ecnh (&lt;em&gt;meta-physical \/\/&lt;\/em&gt;), nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (&lt;em&gt;epistemological&lt;\/em&gt; \/\/), \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (&lt;em&gt;ethical &lt;\/em&gt;\/\/) v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Tin L\u00e0nh (&lt;em&gt;Christian Theology&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong ni\u1ec1m tin C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa \u2013 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh Thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Sa-tan (\u00e1c) l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 sau khi ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa \u2013 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dualism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dualism\/\" >Dualism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dulia&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ee5c V\u1ee5, T\u00f4i T\u1edb, H\u1ea7u Vi\u00eac&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;douleia&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cservice\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vinh d\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0, linh m\u1ee5c, hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c t\u1ebf trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dulia\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dulia\/\" >Dulia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Duns, Scotus, John&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Duns, Scotus, John&lt;\/strong&gt; (1266 \u2013 1308). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scotland c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng Franciscan. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf \u00c1i-nh\u0129-lan (&lt;em&gt;Scotland&lt;\/em&gt;), h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oxford v\u00e0 Paris. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oxford, Anh, \u1edf Paris, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1edf Cologne. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Th\u00e1nh Thomas Aquanius. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u00ed lu\u1eadn. \u00d4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n, nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng...T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng Tu Franciscan sau n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/duns-scotus-john\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/duns-scotus-john\/\" >Duns, Scotus, John<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Duty&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed5n Ph\u1eadn, Tr\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;debere&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cto owe\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;\u201cto be in debt\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;c\u00f3,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;s\u1edf h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 n\u1ee3&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u00fd n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t mang n\u1ee3\/ bu\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u2013 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2013 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh. V\u1ec1 sau Tri\u1ebft Gia Emmanuen Kant \u0111\u00e3 khai tri\u1ec3n \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh cho lu\u1eadt c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi... Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn cho s\u1ef1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh...kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng b\u1eeba b\u00e3i thi\u1ebfu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. C\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh &lt;em&gt;\u201cLu\u1eadt V\u00e0ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Golden Rule) \u1edf s\u00e1ch Luc. 6:31; Mat. 7:12. &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00e1c con mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o, th\u00ec h\u00e3y l\u00e0m (tr\u01b0\u1edbc) cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Tg. d\u1ecbch). Tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/duty\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/duty\/\" >Duty<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dwight, Timothy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dwight, Timothy&lt;\/strong&gt; (1752 \u2013 1817). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang \u1edf Bang Massachusetts. \u00d4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Yale. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1795 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Yale cho \u0111\u1ebfn su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi. Trong khi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01a1n t\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y khoa. \u00d4ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Calvin b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cGi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Dwight\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Pope Dwight); h\u1ecd xem \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao L\u00f4 th\u1ee9 II, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc trong cu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng L\u1edbn Th\u1ee9 II \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; (Great Awakening II, 1787- 1830). Cu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng n\u1ea7y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u201cNh\u00f3m Tr\u1ea1i B\u1ed3i Linh\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Gi\u00e1m-l\u00fd, B\u00e1p-t\u00edt, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng Th\u1ee9 I.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dwight-timothy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dwight-timothy\/\" >Dwight, Timothy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dynamic Incarnation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;S&lt;em&gt;\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3 N\u0103ng \u0110\u1ed9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dynamic-incarnation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dynamic-incarnation\/\" >Dynamic Incarnation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dynamic Presence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7n Di\u1ec7n N\u0103ng \u0110\u1ed9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su trong bu\u1ed5i L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a \u0111en, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m linh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 ngay trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (Reform) v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dynamic-presence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dynamic-presence\/\" >Dynamic Presence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dyophysitism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Hai B\u1ea3n T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;dyo&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201ctwo\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;physis&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cnature\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (2 b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean). \u00dd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ c\u00f3 2 b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh: thi\u00ean t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00e1nh \u2013 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Council of Chalcedon (451), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Constantinople (553). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;Monophysitism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9c B\u1ea3n T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;). &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Dyotheletism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Hai \u00dd Ch\u1ec9&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;dyo&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201ctwo\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;thelein&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cto will\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (2 \u00fd ch\u1ec9). Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ c\u00f3 2 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 2 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 thi\u00ean t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00e1nh. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng 2 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau. Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Constantinople th\u1ee9 III (680 \u2013 681) ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi &lt;strong&gt;Mono-thelitism &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9c \u00dd&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dyophysitism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dyophysitism\/\" >Dyophysitism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Dysteleology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea5t T\u1eadn H\u1ecdc Thuy\u1ebft, Tri\u1ec7t Ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau khi thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Charles Darwin (1809 \u2013 1882), cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i (&lt;em&gt;natural selection&lt;\/em&gt;) m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;Teleology&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u00edch H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dysteleology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/dysteleology\/\" >Dysteleology<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-e mix\" data-filter-base=\"e\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">E<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Early Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 2 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u nguy\u00ean l\u1ecbch, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 2tt; c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 (bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c HT do c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 trong hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/early-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/early-church\/\" >Early Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Earth, Age of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ni\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i C\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u2013 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201cNg\u00e0y\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u00e1u ng\u00e0y\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u &lt;em&gt;\u201cng\u00e0y\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 24 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, hay ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 1 th\u1eddi gian \u201c&lt;em&gt;period of time&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cYom\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c James Ussher \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 4004 BC. H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3 John Lighfoot \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa h\u01a1n vi\u1ebft l\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c cho bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o...&lt;br \/&gt;\nTuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u00e2n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 cho r\u1eb1ng &lt;em&gt;\u201cng\u00e0y\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft r\u00f5. Do \u0111\u00f3, tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh (&lt;em&gt;assumption&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201ckh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn trong ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi... l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/earth-age-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/earth-age-of\/\" >Earth, Age of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Earth, New&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5t (Tr\u1eddi) M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea5t m\u1edbi Tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau t\u00e1n \u0111i nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p: \u201c&lt;em&gt;tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ti\u00eau t\u00e1n\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (II Phi-e-r\u01a1 3:13), v\u00e0&lt;em&gt; \u201ctr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd qua \u0111i\u2026\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Mat. 24: 35) v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3i 21:1; \u00ca-sai 65:17 v\u00e0 66:22 \u2013 &lt;em&gt;\u201ctr\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi\u201d. &lt;\/em&gt;Nh\u00ecn chung, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/earth-new\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/earth-new\/\" >Earth, New<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Earthly Body&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e2n X\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4, Gi\u0103ng, v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf I C\u00f4-rin-t\u00f4 15:40-50 v\u00e0 Gi\u0103ng 6:22tt. Tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng (&lt;em&gt;heavenly body&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/earthly-body\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/earthly-body\/\" >Earthly Body<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Earthly Kingdom&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00f4i N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t do c\u00e1c vua, quan cai tr\u1ecb - do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn xa \u0111\u1ebfn 1,000 (&lt;em&gt;millenium&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u0103m b\u00ecnh an c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi (Kha. 20:4).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/earthly-kingdom\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/earthly-kingdom\/\" >Earthly Kingdom<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Easter, Easter Sunday&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh, Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Ph\u1ee5c Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 K\u1ef7 Ni\u1ec7m S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Easter Sunday \u2013 L\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Ph\u1ee5c Sinh. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 sau ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t (Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i. Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Good Friday \u2013 &lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;. Ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh, nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau th\u00e1ng 3\/21 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4\/25. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh l\u00e0 L\u1ec5 Ca Ng\u1ee3i S\u1ef1 Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1eafng S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;.\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;Easter Vigil&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(\u0110\u00eam Th\u1eafp N\u1ebfn Ph\u1ee5c Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam th\u1ee9 7, tr\u01b0\u1edbc L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh, Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u00eam Th\u1eafp N\u1ebfn, C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n, \u0110\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 c\u1eed L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. Nghi l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt;. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed HT cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u1edf H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1eed l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam Cao \u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a sinh ho\u1ea1t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh trong n\u0103m. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi &lt;em&gt;\u201cPasal Vigil\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;pasha&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;pesah&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0110\u00eam L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua \u2013 &lt;em&gt;paschal -&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;passover&lt;\/em&gt; L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua). M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01a1i c\u1eed l\u1ec5 \u0110\u00eam Th\u1eafp N\u1ebfn Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y k\u1ebf l\u00e0 L\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thay th\u1ebf ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t (Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y) trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa S\u1ed1ng...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/easter-easter-sunday\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/easter-easter-sunday\/\" >Easter, Easter Sunday<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Eastern Catholic Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (&lt;em&gt;Easter Orthodox&lt;\/em&gt;). Sau khi t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 (&lt;em&gt;Roman Catholicism&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng nghi l\u1ec5, phong t\u1ee5c, gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn (&lt;em&gt;patriarch&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Eastern Orthodox Church&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 chung \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ban \u0110\u1ea7u, t\u00e1ch ra l\u00e0m 2 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1054: Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 GH \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1eadn Constantinople. &lt;strong&gt;Eastern Rites&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Nghi L\u1ec5 \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u1eefng nghi l\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng chung trong Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng hay C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Armenian, Byzan-tine, Coptic, Ethiopian, East Syrian, West Syrian, Maronite. Nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 bao g\u1ed3m x\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eastern-catholic-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eastern-catholic-church\/\" >Eastern Catholic Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Eastern Religions&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong Kh\u1ed1i Tin L\u00e0nh hay C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o, Kh\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1o, L\u00e3o Gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eastern-religions\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eastern-religions\/\" >Eastern Religions<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;EATWOT&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i C\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Th\u1ee9 Ba To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians. H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1976.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eatwot\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eatwot\/\" >EATWOT<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ebed Yahweh&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4i T\u1edb C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gia-V\u00ea&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi It-ra-\u00ean trung t\u00edn. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t thu\u1ed9c &lt;em&gt;\u201cServant Songs\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Nh\u1eefng B\u00e0i Ca T\u00f4i T\u1edb) trong \u00ca-sai 42; 49-50; 52-53.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ebed-yahweh\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ebed-yahweh\/\" >Ebed Yahweh<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ebionism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft D\u00e2n Ngh\u00e8o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;G\u1ed3m gi\u00e1o l\u00ed trong \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c S\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m (Mat. 5:3) n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, quan t\u00e2m, ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i Theo Ch\u00faa (Jewish Christian). H\u1ecd theo ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt M\u00f4i-se h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u00faa Jesus kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean &lt;em&gt;\u201cCon \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; khi m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh gi\u00e1ng tr\u00ean Ng\u00e0i trong L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem (Mat. 3:16). Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y chia l\u00e0m 2: Nh\u00f3m 1 tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 &lt;em&gt;\u201cNguy\u00ean Sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Virgin Birth) - Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 1 Ti\u00ean Tri con Gi\u00f4-s\u00e9p. Nh\u00f3m 2, kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 &lt;em&gt;\u201cNguy\u00ean Sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, nh\u01b0ng tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 &lt;em&gt;\u201cTi\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch H\u00eab-r\u01a1. C\u1ea3 hai trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi &lt;em&gt;\u201cheresy\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1c hay t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ebionism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ebionism\/\" >Ebionism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ebonite&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u00e2n Ngh\u00e8o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;ebyonim&lt;\/em&gt; (the poor). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m theo Ch\u00faa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng &lt;em&gt;\u201ctu th\u00e2n kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u2013 nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y gi\u1eef c\u00e1c L\u1ec5 T\u1ea9y S\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 B\u00e1p-tem. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 200 n\u0103m sau.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ebonite\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ebonite\/\" >Ebonite<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ecclesia&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ekklesia -&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;ekklesia&lt;\/em&gt;, bao g\u1ed3m &lt;em&gt;ek&lt;\/em&gt;: ra kh\u1ecfi, &lt;em&gt;kalein&lt;\/em&gt;: g\u1ecdi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi ra, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&lt;em&gt; \u201ch\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn\u201d.&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng trong GH Tin L\u00e0nh (sau 1952) l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh\u201d bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ai chung m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. Trong \u00fd c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 H\u00eab-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng hay ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (meeting).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ecclesia\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ecclesia\/\" >Ecclesia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ecclesiology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 khai m\u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh theo nh\u01b0 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n. Qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i qua nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed1t tu\u1ef7 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i Duy nh\u1ea5t cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c thi truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n II.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ecclesiology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ecclesiology\/\" >Ecclesiology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ecology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sinh H\u1ecdc, C\u01a1 Sinh H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;oikologia&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c xung quanh. Trong m\u00f4n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u0103n g\u1ed1c trong s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f3 giao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m s\u0103n s\u00f3c th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ecology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ecology\/\" >Ecology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Economic Trinity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ch\u1ee9c N\u0103ng Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do 2 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Hippolytus v\u00e0 Tertullian v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2-3 \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (&lt;em&gt;economic- kh\u1ea3 t\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;), hay c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Cha, Con, v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Linh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan b\u1ea3o th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha - \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con - \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh - \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u1ea3o T\u1ed3n mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/economic-trinity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/economic-trinity\/\" >Economic Trinity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Economy, Divine&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9c N\u0103ng Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;eikonomia&lt;\/em&gt;, Latin &lt;em&gt;dispensatio&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch (&lt;em&gt;plan&lt;\/em&gt;), s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n (&lt;em&gt;management&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i trong d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/economy-divine\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/economy-divine\/\" >Economy, Divine<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ecstasy\/ Estatic Utterances&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Th\u1ea7n C\u1ea3m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;ekstasis&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;\u201cStanding Outside Oneself.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 &lt;em&gt;\u201cc\u1ea3m th\u00fac b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cth\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00ec c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;em&gt;\u201cb\u1ec1 tr\u00ean\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng anh em thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i \u00e2n t\u1ee9 hay HT Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ecstasy-estatic-utterances\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ecstasy-estatic-utterances\/\" >Ecstasy\/ Estatic Utterances<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ecumenism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 X\u01b0\u1edbng Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Chung Ni\u1ec1m Tin To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00f3i chung trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh cho t\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u2013 l\u00e0 chung m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 theo c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 17:6; Mat. 24:14; Heb. 2:5, nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;oikoumene&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cC\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0.\u201d&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;\/em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng \u00fd th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 trong b\u00e0i C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn Gh\u1ebft-s\u00ea-ma-n\u00ea trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc &lt;em&gt;\u201cch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t...\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Gi\u0103ng 17:21). C\u0169ng v\u1eady c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c do c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. V\u1ec1 sau, \u00fd th\u1ee9c chung kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 theo chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Nicene c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u Nicene Creed&lt;\/em&gt; (325) vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cone, holy, catholic, and apostolic church\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, d\u1ecb t\u00edn, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nM\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, n\u0103m 1910, t\u1ea1i Edinburgh, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cInternational Missionary Conference\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; do John R. Mott (Methodist church leader) tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp, v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c mang s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t trong m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 mang S\u1ee9 M\u1ec7nh Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o \u0111i to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Sau v\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb (1921, 1925) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb 1937 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh &lt;em&gt;\u201cWorld Council of Church\u201d,&lt;\/em&gt; (WCC). V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nay WCC kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t v\u00ec bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn l\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay nh\u01b0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1eefa. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Ecumenical Relationships&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Gi\u00e1o (Christian Church), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t chung. &lt;strong&gt;Ecumenical&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u Chung M\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt;). Nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;oikoumene&lt;\/em&gt; (the inhabited world). Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5\/ s\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh (gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i) chung m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhau \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan li\u00ean h\u1ec7 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3i chung, Thuy\u1ebft &lt;em&gt;To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u Chung M\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt; (ecumenism) c\u00f3 \u00fd gom l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. &lt;strong&gt;Ecumenical Councils&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;). B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; tr\u1edf \u0111i (&lt;em&gt;t\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb 325&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 vua tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp nh\u1eb1m minh \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su trong Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t chia \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u2013 11&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;) th\u00ec nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp chung n\u1eefa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n minh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u2013 c\u1ea3 2 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. M\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, phong tr\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed7 v\u00f5, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cPhong Tr\u00e0o T\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Modern Ecumenical Move-ment).\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;Ecumenical Creeds&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u Chung To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u chung, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n &lt;em&gt;Nicene Creed&lt;\/em&gt; (325) do Vua Constantine, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u sau n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n &lt;em&gt;Nicene Constantinopolitan Creed&lt;\/em&gt; (381)...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ecumenism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ecumenism\/\" >Ecumenism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Edification&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng L\u00ean, C\u1ee7ng C\u1ed1, T\u1ea1o L\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;oikodome&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;building up&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng 4 l\u1ea7n (Rom. 15:2; I Cor. 14:2; II Cor. 10:8; 13:10), v\u00e0 7 l\u1ea7n danh t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201cedifying\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; trong to\u00e0n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. \u00dd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/edification\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/edification\/\" >Edification<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Edward Jonathan&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edward Jonathan&lt;\/strong&gt; (1703 \u2013 1758). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang \u1edf Massachusetts. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eadu b\u1eb1ng C\u1eed Nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Yale (1726), sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y Ph\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o \u1edf Yale v\u00e0 \u1edf H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, New York. \u00d4ng nghi\u00eang h\u1eb3n h\u01b0\u1edbng &lt;em&gt;\u201cKinh Nghi\u1ec7m T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edn l\u00ed Calvin v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb (&lt;em&gt;irresistible grace&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Issac Newton (1642 \u2013 1727), Ed Jonathan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn trong n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc tin l\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1eabn l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u cho cu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng L\u1ea7n I, trong gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; (1825-) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi George Whitefield. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Augustine v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed S\u1ef1 Tha T\u1ed9i Tr\u1ecdn V\u1eb9n qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus, v\u1ec1 \u00dd Th\u1ee9c T\u1ef1 Do v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Ch\u00e2n Thi\u1ec7n M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng n\u1eb7ng Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed C\u0103n B\u1ea3n v\u00e0\u00a0 L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;em&gt; \u201cA History of Work of Redemption\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1744), v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;God Glorified in Man\u2019s Dependence&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1731), \u201c&lt;em&gt;A Divine and Supernatural Light&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1733)... C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc: &lt;em&gt;\u201cA Careful and Strick Inquiry into the Modern Prevailing Notions of That Freedom of Will...\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1754), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Original Sin\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1758). Nh\u00ecn chung, s\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm t\u00e2m l\u00ed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, si\u00eau h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n sau khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi &lt;em&gt;\u201cNature of True Virtue\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(1765), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Religious Affections, the&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u00f4ng minh gi\u1ea3i &lt;em&gt;\u201cFreedom of Will\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u1ef1 T\u1ef1 Do c\u1ee7a \u00dd Ch\u00ed) l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u0110CT ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia, tri\u1ebft gia n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o Augustine, Calvin, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/edward-jonathan\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/edward-jonathan\/\" >Edward Jonathan<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Effectual Calling&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 K\u00eau G\u1ecdi Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Effecacious Grace&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0110\u00fang M\u1ee5c \u0110\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u201c&lt;em&gt;b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai m\u00e0 Cha \u0111\u00e3 giao cho Ta, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng Ta...\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Gi\u0103ng 6:37, 39), v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cAi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ra ngo\u00e0i...\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u00a0&lt;strong&gt;Efficacy&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ho\u00e0n T\u1ea5t L\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee7\/ Cho M\u1ee5c \u0110\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t\/ \u0111\u1ee7 qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su cho nh\u1eefng ai tin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/effectual-calling\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/effectual-calling\/\" >Effectual Calling<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Efficacious Grace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00c2n \u0111i\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. \u00c2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, hay c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef &quot;\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3&quot; ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/efficacious-grace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/efficacious-grace\/\" >Efficacious Grace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ego-theism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 Th\u1ea7n Gi\u00e1o, B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 Th\u1ea7n Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o t\u1ef1 &#039;th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a hay t\u00f4n th\u1edd b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n&#039;. Egotheism cho r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00faa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, xem b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i th\u00e1p Ba-b\u00ean l\u00e0m cho r\u1ea1ng danh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00ec egotheism quay l\u1ea1i th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ego-theism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ego-theism\/\" >Ego-theism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Egoism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 Thuy\u1ebft, Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a V\u1ecb K\u1ef7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;ego&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt; (I). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho\/ c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 song song c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ki\u00eau, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng...\u00a0 Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i (II Tim 3:2) c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t sinh ra c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi bao dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Egocentricity&lt;\/em&gt; (Tr\u1ecdng T\u00e2m B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/egoism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/egoism\/\" >Egoism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;EL&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng c\u1ed5 ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Ch\u00faa T\u1ec3, Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ec3. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00eab-r\u01a1 trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ca-na-an c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y cho \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u00ed Cao v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Cha c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Ba-anh. T\u1eeb danh &lt;em&gt;EL&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi danh &lt;em&gt;Yaweh&lt;\/em&gt;, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng chung v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u2013 &lt;em&gt;Samuel&lt;\/em&gt;: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u1eadm l\u1eddi, &lt;em&gt;Israel&lt;\/em&gt;: v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v.v...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/el\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/el\/\" >EL<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;El \u2013 Eloe \u2013 Israel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed1i G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u00e1ng 33:20; Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp 2-12, 19-20, L\u00ea-vi-k\u00fd 1tt.).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/el-eloe-israel\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/el-eloe-israel\/\" >El \u2013 Eloe \u2013 Israel<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;El \u2013 Elyon&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u00ed Cao&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;II C\u00e1c Vua 15:35; 18:17&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/el-elyon\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/el-elyon\/\" >El \u2013 Elyon<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;El \u2013 Shaddai&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u1ea1nh S\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 N\u00fai Cao&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Thi&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt; 86, 90, 139; Esai 6,24,27tt&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/el-shaddai\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/el-shaddai\/\" >El \u2013 Shaddai<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Elder&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u1edbn Tu\u1ed5i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;presbyteros&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cpresby-ter\u201d, \u201celder\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, M\u00f4i-se c\u1eaft \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia Israel, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc cao c\u1ea3 trong h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u qu\u1ed1c gia (Xu\u1ea5t 3:16; 4:29; 18:12; Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea 20:4; Ru-t\u01a1 4:2; I Sam. 4:3; 8:4). \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, c\u00e1c Ch\u1ee9c V\u1ee5 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean. S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tin d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i n\u01a1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ch\u0103n b\u1ea7y trong c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean (I Tim. 5:17; Eph. 4:11; C\u00f4ng 20:17tt; I Phi 5:1-4). \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;episkopoi&lt;\/em&gt; (gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, m\u1ee5c s\u01b0) (T\u00edt 1:5-9). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y, Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d Trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng l\u00e3o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Kinh Th\u00e1nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee9c V\u1ee5 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o: chuy\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, d\u1ea1y, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. V\u1ec1 sau, trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n cai, qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 t\u00e2m linh, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (elder ruling, elder teaching).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/elder\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/elder\/\" >Elder<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Elect&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ecdn, L\u1ef1a, Tuy\u1ec3n Ch\u1ecdn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;eklektos&lt;\/em&gt;, \u201cchosen\u201d (ch\u1ecdn). Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, t\u1eeb \u201cch\u1ecdn\u201d (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn) r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f3 5 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh trong s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y: (1) Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c Ch\u00faa (I Tim. 5:21; II Phi. 2:4). (2) S\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Vua, Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf, m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 (I Sam. 16:7-12), nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa ch\u1ecdn 12 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 (Lu-ca 6:13; Mat. 1; Gi\u0103ng 6:70). (3) Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i (Ph\u1ee5c 4:37, I C\u00e1c Vua 3:8, \u00ca-sai 44:1). (4) Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i t\u1edb - \u0110\u1ea5ng Met-sia (\u00ca-sai 42:1; Mat. 12:18) v\u00e0 (5) Ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0o S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u1edf v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n 5 n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0o S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i qua d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft Con Ng\u00e0i. V\u1ec1 sau, c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u00eam \u201cch\u1ecdn\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cc\u1ee9u\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9u\u201d g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ec7nh \u0110\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt; (Double Destination c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia J. Calvin). Nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i tin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/elect\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/elect\/\" >Elect<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Election&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ecdn L\u1ef1a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i (\u00ca-ph\u00ea 1:3-6), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/election\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/election\/\" >Election<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Elohim&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;El&lt;\/em&gt; s\u1ed1 \u00edt, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. &lt;em&gt;Elohim&lt;\/em&gt; s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u (S\u00e1ng 1:1), \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng oai nghi h\u00f9ng d\u0169ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u2013 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi danh &lt;em&gt;Yaweh&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong Xu\u1ea5t 3:14, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 t\u00ean Ng\u00e0i cho M\u00f4i-se. &lt;em&gt;Elohim&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd t\u00f4n qu\u00ed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i (It-ra-\u00ean) lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Adonai&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1ed7i khi g\u1eb7p &lt;em&gt;Elohim.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/elohim\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/elohim\/\" >Elohim<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Emanation(ism)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1eeb Ngu\u1ed3n T\u1ea1o Ho\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;\u201cS\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (creatio ex nihilo). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ngu\u1ed3n\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 do t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v.v\u2026 Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia th\u1eddi v\u0103n minh Hy-l\u1ea1p. Do t\u1eeb Tri\u1ebft Gia Empedocles \u0111\u1ebfn Philo trong nh\u00f3m &lt;em&gt;Gnostic&lt;\/em&gt; (Tri Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn) c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 Neoplatonic.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/emanationism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/emanationism\/\" >Emanation(ism)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Emancipation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng\/ C\u1ee9u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;emanare &lt;\/em&gt;(to declare free), tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i trong \u0111\u00f3ng khung c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi khung \u0111\u00f3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1eef gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/emancipation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/emancipation\/\" >Emancipation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Embodiment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u00f3ng Khung Th\u00e2n X\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng trong gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u1eef gi\u1edbi \u2013 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng khung trong vi\u1ec7c \u0103n, u\u1ed1ng, \u1edf trong &lt;em&gt;\u201cc\u0103n nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cth\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cth\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; bao b\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/embodiment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/embodiment\/\" >Embodiment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Eminence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9ng Ngo\u00e0i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb cao tr\u1ecdng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb H\u1ed3ng Y. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201cYours\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;\u201cHis\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cYours Mort Reverend.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eminence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eminence\/\" >Eminence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Emmanuel\/ Immanuel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u1ede C\u00f9ng Ch\u00fang Ta&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n 3 l\u1ea7n trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh (\u00ca-sai 7:14; 8:8 v\u00e0 Mat. 1:23). Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb H\u00eab-r\u01a1: &lt;em&gt;Immanuel,&lt;\/em&gt; Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;Emmanuel&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m 3 t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i: &lt;em&gt;imma&lt;\/em&gt; = with, v\u1edbi; &lt;em&gt;nu&lt;\/em&gt; = us, ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;el&lt;\/em&gt; = God \u2013 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cGod with us\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u2192 \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta.\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 l\u00ed do c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Emmanuel hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho bi\u1ebft \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1t d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y qua Ba-by-l\u00f4n, v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ch\u1ed1ng ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i Ch\u00faa, x\u00e2y b\u1ecf Ch\u00faa qua th\u1edd h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebbo, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00ean g\u00f2 cao k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc chia \u0111\u00f4i, ngay sau th\u1eddi Vua Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n (930BC), ch\u00ednh Vua Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng cho t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n lan tr\u00e0n kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc It-ra-\u00ean (v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1edd t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n)\u2026 Do \u0111\u00f3, trong tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0, Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ecu l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd m\u00e0 x\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m Ch\u00faa Gia-v\u00ea \u0111au bu\u1ed3n cho d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean\u2026 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb chia \u0111\u00f4i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 930 BC. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc do Gi\u00ea-r\u00f4-b\u00f4-am cai tr\u1ecb. G\u1ed3m 19 v\u1ecb vua, trong 9 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 721\/2 BC. To\u00e0n c\u00f5i Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc (It-ra-\u00ean) b\u1ecb Vua Sy-ria \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111em v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 Ni-ni-ve. C\u00f2n Mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi Vua R\u00f4-b\u00f4-am, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed7i t\u1ec7. Mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 19 v\u1ecb vua, ch\u1ec9 trong 1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c vua n\u1ea7y bi\u1ebft k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 Ch\u00faa cho k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 586\/7 BC b\u1ecb vua Ba-by-l\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e2y chi\u1ebfm trong 10 n\u0103m, Sau c\u00f9ng, th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7\u2026 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Giu-\u0111a v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hoan t\u00e0n. Th\u00ea th\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft \u0111em v\u1ec1 Ba-by-l\u00f4n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong 2 th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u00ca-sai l\u00e0m ti\u00ean tri cho Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i b\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ecf Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ee9ng nghe. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi, \u00ca-x\u00ea-chien, A-m\u1ed1t, H\u00f4-s\u00ea, Mi-ca\u2026 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa cho Giu-\u0111a. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng nghe. Trong c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t qua ti\u00ean tri \u00ca-sai, \u0110CT cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Tinh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111em d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m (\u00ca-sai 52-55). \u0110\u1ea5ng \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 M\u00e9t-sia v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cEmmanuel\u201d (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang hy v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn cho D\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean trong khi b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0110CT lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i (\u00ca-sai 49:14-15). Do \u0111\u00f3, khi Ch\u00faa Jesus gi\u00e1ng sinh, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cEmmanuel\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/emmanuel-immanuel\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/emmanuel-immanuel\/\" >Emmanuel\/ Immanuel<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Empirical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ef1c Nghi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;empeirikos&lt;\/em&gt;; Latin &lt;em&gt;empiricus&lt;\/em&gt;. Mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1edfi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Empiricism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ef1c Nghi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;). Do nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia Hoa-K\u1ef3: David Hume, qua quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;An Enquiry Concerning Human Under-standing&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d cho r\u1eb1ng \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t ra.\u201d Th\u1eadt ra, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p hay \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u: Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbs, Immanuel Kant, Williams James, Henri Bergson\u2026 \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin\u2026 &lt;strong&gt;Empirical Theology&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Th\u1ef1c Nghi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;). Truy v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y do 3 nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 &lt;em&gt;B\u1eebng S\u00e1ng&lt;\/em&gt; (Enlightenment). John Locke v\u00e0 Francis Bacon, v\u00e0 David Hume. Hume n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 qua s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng &lt;em&gt;An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 minh thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c (knowledge) c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qua 2 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n trong to\u00e0n l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u00e1ng tin. \u0110\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, D. Hume c\u0169ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, Friedrich Schleiermacher \u0111i xa h\u01a1n b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ri\u00eang t\u01b0 &lt;em&gt;c\u1ea3m x\u00fac&lt;\/em&gt; (feeling) v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m x\u00fac trong ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1eadt. V\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc \u2013 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;empirical theology.&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn suy c\u1ee9u thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o qua n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u00fd th\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt; (Theology of Nature).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/empirical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/empirical\/\" >Empirical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Enchiridion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch T\u00f3m T\u1eaft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 S\u00e1ch C\u1ea9m Nang. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 S\u00e1ch C\u1ea9m Nang T\u00edn L\u00ed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, d\u00f9ng trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/enchiridion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/enchiridion\/\" >Enchiridion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Encounter&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ea7u, \u0110\u1ed1i Di\u1ec7n, \u0110\u1ed1i M\u1eb7t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia Emil Brunner (1889 \u2013 1966), ch\u1ee7 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn\/ ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb t\u1eeb\/ c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecf ra h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/encounter\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/encounter\/\" >Encounter<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Encratites&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebf, Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9, T\u1ef1 Kh\u1ed5 Tu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Tri Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn (&lt;em&gt;Gnosticism&lt;\/em&gt;) cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf, kh\u1ed5 tu trong vi\u1ec7c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ee3 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cho l\u00e0 d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o hay \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/encratites\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/encratites\/\" >Encratites<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Encyclical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u01b0 Lu\u00e2n L\u01b0u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;enkyklios&lt;\/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;en \u201cin\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;kyklos&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201ccircle\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 t\u00edn chung g\u1edfi truy\u1ec1n tay cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh hay c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 r\u1ed3i giao cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 sao y l\u1ea1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef r\u1ed3i d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong v\u00f9ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/encyclical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/encyclical\/\" >Encyclical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;End of the World&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi T\u1eadn Chung \u2013 Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 Cu\u1ed1i C\u00f9ng C\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Cu\u1ed1i C\u00f9ng C\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi \u2013 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn S\u1ef1 Tr\u1edf L\u1ea1i L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Hai c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/end-of-the-world\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/end-of-the-world\/\" >End of the World<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ends And Means&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u C\u00e1nh V\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f4n lu\u1eadn l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (&lt;em&gt;at end)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (means). C\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ends-and-means\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ends-and-means\/\" >Ends And Means<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Endurance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ecbu \u0110\u1ef1ng, B\u1ec1n Ch\u1ecbu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n 32 l\u1ea7n trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc: &lt;em&gt;hypomone&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;endurance&lt;\/em&gt;, b\u1ec1n ch\u1ecbu, ch\u1ecbu d\u1ef1ng). Ti\u1ebfng Latin &lt;em&gt;indurare&lt;\/em&gt;, \u201cto harden, to tolerate\u201d. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, n\u00edn ch\u1ecbu&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u00fd c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng &lt;em&gt;patience&lt;\/em&gt; (nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1t ngh\u0129a l\u1eafm.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/endurance\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/endurance\/\" >Endurance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Energies, Divine&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u0103ng L\u1ef1c Thi\u00ean Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, N\u0103ng L\u1ef1c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;energeia&lt;\/em&gt; (power, dynamic). Trong gi\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n minh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ecf ra cho c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Trong gi\u1edbi C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Christianity, Tin L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;N\u0103ng L\u1ef1c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1ecf ra qua Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 anh em t\u00edn h\u1eefu khi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/energies-divine\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/energies-divine\/\" >Energies, Divine<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;English Modernism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i Anh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u1ec1m tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o \u1edf Anh qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t huy ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/english-modernism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/english-modernism\/\" >English Modernism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Enlightenment, The&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Age Of Enlightenment - &lt;em&gt;Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 B\u1eebng S\u00e1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c: &lt;em&gt;Aufkl\u00e4rung&lt;\/em&gt;. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u2013 c\u01b0u mang v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;Age of Reason&lt;\/em&gt;). Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; - ). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, quan s\u00e1t, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m... N\u1ed5i b\u1eadc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft gia nh\u01b0 Descartes, Spinoza, v\u00e0 Immanuel Kant. Ri\u00eang I. Kant \u0111\u00e3 cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng r\u1eb1ng Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 B\u1eebng S\u00e1ng v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb lu\u1eadn l\u00ed ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, qu\u1ed1c gia, hay qua nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u hay qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u1ecd. Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 B\u1eebng S\u00e1ng tin v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. C\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u1edf M\u1ef9, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 Jefferson, Franklin v\u00e0 Paine, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp Hoa K\u1ef3 (1776) v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n Nh\u00e2n Quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Ph\u00e1p (1789). Tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ngo\u00e0i \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do, th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 sau trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00c2u-M\u1ef9.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/enlightenment-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/enlightenment-the\/\" >Enlightenment, The<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Enthusiasm&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nhi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ec7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;t T\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;,&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; Th\u1ea7n &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea3m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh ban cho, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n Ch\u00faa C\u1ea3m Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay h\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa \u1edf trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 khai sinh. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Quaker hay Methodist kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf Anh Qu\u1ed1c hay Ho\u00e0 Lan.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/enthusiasm\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/enthusiasm\/\" >Enthusiasm<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Entire Sanctification&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ea9y S\u1ea1ch To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n, Thanh T\u1ea9y To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u1edf Anh. Nh\u1eefng ai theo M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Wesley \u0111\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Thanh T\u1ea9y To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1nh. Tin r\u1eb1ng t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ea9y tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u00e1nh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/entire-sanctification\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/entire-sanctification\/\" >Entire Sanctification<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Entrance, Great&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ed5ng V\u00e0o L\u1edbn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong Nghi L\u1ec5 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Byzantine khi mang b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0n th\u1edd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1edd L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, cho ra \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su trong th\u00e1nh t\u00edch d\u00e2ng th\u00e2n v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ebft thay lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Entrance Rites&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Nghi L\u1ec5 Nh\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;). M\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh L\u1ec5 trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 gia nh\u1eadp gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 gia nh\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/entrance-great\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/entrance-great\/\" >Entrance, Great<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Envy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ganh Gh\u00e9t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;gana&lt;\/em&gt; d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cganh gh\u00e9t&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;ganh t\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;\u201cn\u00f3ng l\u00f2ng.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; Trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Jacob, c\u00f4 Ra-ch\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ganh t\u1ecb v\u1edbi L\u00ea-a ch\u1ecb m\u00ecnh v\u00ec c\u00f4 son s\u1ebb. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ganh t\u1ecb khi d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i th\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n ngo\u1ea1i bang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o cho \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 7 t\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft, v\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa h\u00e3y y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, tha th\u1ee9 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ganh gh\u00e9t, v\u00ec ganh gh\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0, th\u00f9 h\u1eb1n, tranh c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh. \u00dd ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc qua s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Gia-c\u01a1 trong Gia-c\u01a1 3:16tt.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/envy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/envy\/\" >Envy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Eparch&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e3nh \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ngh\u0129a trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cruler\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o). Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n Nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn (&lt;em&gt;eparchy&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c, Linh M\u1ee5c, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ea1t Tr\u01b0\u1edfng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eparch\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eparch\/\" >Eparch<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ephesus, Council of (431 \u2013 449)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 (431, 449)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f3 2 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m \u1edf \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4. L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 I n\u0103m 431, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a 2 l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc 325 \u1edf Nicene, v\u00e0 381 \u1edf Constantinople do vua Constantinople tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp. Nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft Nestorianism v\u00e0 Pelagianism \u0111\u1ec3 minh \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng m\u1edf \u00fd cho &lt;em&gt;Theotokos&lt;\/em&gt; (mother of God) khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho Mary l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. V\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb 449, Ephesus, tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp b\u1edfi Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Theodosius \u1edf Robber Synod t\u00e1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Eutyches (375 \u2013 454), v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd th\u1ee9c 2 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. V\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Chacedon 451 AD.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ephesus-council-of-431-449\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ephesus-council-of-431-449\/\" >Ephesus, Council of (431 \u2013 449)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Epiclesis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Kh\u1ea9n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;epiklesis&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cinvo-cation\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u). L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9n xin trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Eucharist&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. Trong tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0o trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/epiclesis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/epiclesis\/\" >Epiclesis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Epicureanism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed H\u01b0\u1edfng L\u1ea1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi do Epicurus (341 \u2013 270 BC). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c trong th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 Athens v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c theo th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hellen (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c La-m\u00e3). N\u00f3i chung, tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00e0y k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y th\u1ecfa l\u00f2ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1t. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, vui s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u. H\u00e3y t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. H\u00e3y b\u1ecf xa\/ qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u t\u01b0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/epicureanism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/epicureanism\/\" >Epicureanism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Epikeia\/ Epieikeia&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea5t Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ed3n Qu\u1ef7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;epeiekeia&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201creasonableness\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn), &lt;em&gt;\u201cequity\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p cho chung hay c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Hay cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n trong lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Aristotle v\u00e0 Aquinas v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/epikeia-epieikeia\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/epikeia-epieikeia\/\" >Epikeia\/ Epieikeia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Epiphany&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Minh T\u1ecf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;epiphaneia&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cv\u00e9n m\u00e0n ra\u201d, \u201ckh\u1ea3i l\u1ed9 ra\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi minh t\u1ecf \u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 trong s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus \u2013 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi minh t\u1ecf cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 (&lt;em&gt;magi&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u00e1c g\u00e3 ch\u0103n chi\u00ean, trong l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem, trong l\u1ec5 c\u01b0\u1edbi Ca-na v.v... Ti\u1ebfp theo sau khi Ch\u00faa th\u0103ng thi\u00ean, L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 minh t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 sinh ra, ca t\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m v\u00e0o Th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang, ng\u00e0y 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 ca t\u1ee5ng Ch\u00faa hi\u1ec3n minh trong L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem do Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Minh T\u1ecf (&lt;em&gt;Epiphany Sunday&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0o Th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang, ng\u00e0y 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt;\u2013 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/epiphany\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/epiphany\/\" >Epiphany<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Episcopacy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9c V\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c, Qu\u1ea3n Tr\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;episkopos&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201coverseer\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, Latin &lt;em&gt;episcopus&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cbishop\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i chung t\u1eeb h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1ec1 sau, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean cao tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n cho t\u1eebng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, gi\u00e1o h\u1ea1t hay gi\u00e1o khu qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n cho c\u1ea3 bang ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o, Anh Gi\u00e1o, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u2013 &lt;em&gt;\u201cBishop\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c) l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn cao c\u1ea3. Ri\u00eang C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng (&lt;em&gt;Pope&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m cao nh\u1ea5t, xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed3ng Y, T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c, Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Linh M\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;episcopalian&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean (t\u00edn h\u1eefu) trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Episcopal&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/episcopacy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/episcopacy\/\" >Episcopacy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Episcopalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c (&lt;em&gt;Council\/ Body of bishop&lt;\/em&gt;). Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u1ebf hay T\u1ed9c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u1ebf (&lt;em&gt;Patriar-chy&lt;\/em&gt;). &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Episcopate&lt;\/strong&gt;. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c hay ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/episcopalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/episcopalism\/\" >Episcopalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Epistemology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;episteme&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 B\u1eebng S\u00e1ng do c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. T\u1eeb bao h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng minh ch\u1ee9ng thu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Epistemology, Reformed&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch&lt;\/em&gt;). Chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 Alvin Plantinga (b. 1932) v\u00e0o Nicholas Wolter-storff (b. 1932). H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c do ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/epistemology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/epistemology\/\" >Epistemology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Epistle&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u01b0 T\u00edn, S\u1ee9 \u0110i\u1ec7p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;epistole&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cletter\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;\u201cmessage\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u01b0 trong kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, do c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 vi\u1ebft g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. C\u00e1c th\u01b0 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng cho\/ trong con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/epistle\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/epistle\/\" >Epistle<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Equiprobabilism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3o Trung Ho\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb mang \u00fd tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap lu\u00e2n l\u00ed thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, khi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tranh lu\u1eadn bi quan th\u00ec n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 \u00fd thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y do Alphonsus Liguori (d. 1787) d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong c\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00fang hay sai m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ebd v\u1edbi l\u00ed lu\u1eadn lu\u00e2n l\u00ed. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a casuistry or probabilism trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/equiprobabilism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/equiprobabilism\/\" >Equiprobabilism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Erasmus, Desiderius&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Erasmus, Desiderius&lt;\/strong&gt; (1466 \u2013 1536 AD). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n C\u01a1-r\u00edt Nh\u00e2n (&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa)&lt;\/em&gt; trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh qua n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Deventer do Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Em (&lt;em&gt;Brethren of the Common Life)&lt;\/em&gt; (1475 \u2013 1485). Sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 trong 6 n\u0103m, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p College de Montaigu in Paris (1494). \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1499, \u00f4ng th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng \u1edf Anh v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thomas More v\u00e0 John Colet. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft Th\u00e1nh Kinh. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u01a1n Ch\u00faa trong vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch. S\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i &lt;em&gt;The Praise of Folly&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Education of a Christian Prince&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch uy\u00ean b\u00e1c kh\u00e1c trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn.v.v\u2026 \u00d4ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/erasmus-desiderius\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/erasmus-desiderius\/\" >Erasmus, Desiderius<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Erastianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Arastus Thuy\u1ebft &lt;\/em&gt;hay&lt;em&gt; Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Thomas Erastus (1524 \u2013 1583 AD), sinh \u1edf Bayern, h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf Basel, \u0110\u1ee9c. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh Y D\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Y D\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Heidelberg. Trong khi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tranh ch\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh \u1edf Heidelberg, \u00f4ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia \u2013 c\u1ea3 hai t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. Sau n\u0103m 1643, \u1edf H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Westminster \u1edf Anh, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Erastian v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c Gia t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 v\u0169, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ebd c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c vinh danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/erastianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/erastianism\/\" >Erastianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Erigena, John Scotus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Erigena, John Scotus&lt;\/strong&gt; (810 \u2013 877). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0a lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Hy-l\u1ea1p sang \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. Hai \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o quan tr\u1ecdng trong ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00e0 Scotus b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cthuy\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cgi\u00e1o l\u00ed Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; Theo \u00f4ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u2013 Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c trong m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c suy lu\u1eadn h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: &lt;em&gt;De Divisione Naturae&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1ecf ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, v\u00ec \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o v\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng theo \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111a th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/erigena-john-scotus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/erigena-john-scotus\/\" >Erigena, John Scotus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Eristic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tranh \u0110\u1ea5u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;eristikos&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cto strike\u201d.&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1eeb n\u00e0y do Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia Emil Brunner (1889 \u2013 1966) d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tranh lu\u1eadn, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u1ebd th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i l\u1ed9 trong\/ qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eristic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eristic\/\" >Eristic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Eschatology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ea1t Th\u1ebf H\u1ecdc, T\u1eadn Th\u1ebf H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;esdiatos&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201ceschaton, last\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0111i\u1ec1u sau r\u1ed1t) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;logos&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cstudy\u201d (h\u1ecdc), C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y sau r\u1ed1t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi 2 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh: - Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u1ea9y ra c\u00e1ch xoay v\u00f2ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c; - \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft th\u00fac to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n trong k\u1ebft ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTh\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri C\u01af ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0, \u00ca-x\u00ea-chi\u00ean, \u0110a-ni-\u00ean, A-m\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 Gi\u00f4-\u00ean, th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi, Ha-ba-c\u00fac, Na-hum\u2026 R\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri trong T\u01af, nh\u01b0 Ma-thi-\u01a1 24; I T\u00ea-sa-l\u00f4-nica 5; II Tes 2; , II Phi-e-r\u01a1 3; v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3i-Huy\u1ec1n.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u00edn l\u00ed h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y sau r\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc: Hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia&lt;\/em&gt; (D\u00f2ng Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt), &lt;em&gt;\u201cNg\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Day of the Lord) hay &lt;em&gt;\u201cTrong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (In the Last Days) trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri,.. l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Yaweh (Thi 88:10-12; \u00ca-sai 38:18; Thi 139, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ti\u00ean Tri \u00ca-x\u00ea-chi-\u00ean, Gi\u00f4-\u00ean, \u0110a-ni-\u00ean, Ha-ba-c\u00fac, A-m\u1ed1t. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc h\u01a1n trong l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus trong Ma-thi-\u01a1 24, Gi\u0103ng 14, v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Th\u01b0 T\u00edn c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 \u1edf I T\u00ea-sa-l\u00f4-nica v\u00e0 I Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea, c\u1ee7a Phi-e-r\u01a1, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng trong s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb:\u00a0 Son of Man, Son of God, Kingdom of God, Kingdom of Heaven, Anti-Christ, Ng\u00e0n n\u0103m ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u cho nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nNg\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u201cth\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u201d. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1i N\u1ea1n, H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ea1i N\u1ea1n, (-Tribulation) hay l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec1n, H\u1eadu, Phi Thi\u00ean Ni\u00ean \u00a0\u00a0(- Pre; Post, or A- Millenium); 70 tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5,. v.v\u2026\u00a0 Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc\u2026 C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, \u0111a s\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2, kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u201cCh\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn\u201d so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 x\u1eaby ra \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi\u2026 th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng\u2026 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin sai l\u1ea1c, t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng v\u00ec \u0111o\u00e1n sai, \u201cNg\u00e0y Ch\u00faa \u0110\u1ebfn.\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Second Coming, Milleni-um, Kingdom of God, Teleology&lt;\/strong&gt;)&lt;strong&gt;.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;\nNh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u00fd tr\u00ean, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc nh\u01b0, C.C. Ryrie, C.I. Scofield v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft&lt;em&gt; Thi\u00ean Qu\u1ea3n &lt;\/em&gt;(Dispensa-tionalism), thu\u1ed9c \u0110CV Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Dallas Theological Seminary. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 tin d\u00f9ng. C\u0169ng nh\u1edd th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh cho \u201cNg\u00e0y Sau R\u1ed1t\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang.&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u0169ng trong t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Collective Es\/\/:&lt;\/strong&gt; nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1: ph\u1ee5c sinh, ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t, bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Kh\u1ea3i 21). &lt;strong&gt;Consistent Es\/\/:&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Albert Schweitzer (1875 \u2013 1965) cho r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i sai v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u1eadn th\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eadm nh\u01b0 h\u00f4m nay. &lt;strong&gt;Cosmic Es\/\/:&lt;\/strong&gt; h\u1ecdc t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. &lt;strong&gt;Futuristic Es\/\/:&lt;\/strong&gt; tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh ch\u01b0a x\u1ea3y ra \u2013 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai&lt;strong&gt;. Inaugurates Es\/\/:&lt;\/strong&gt; cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1eadn th\u1ebf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Individual Es\/\/:&lt;\/strong&gt; n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (Mat. 25:31-46 v\u00e0 Phil. 3:21).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eschatology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eschatology\/\" >Eschatology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Essence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tinh Tu\u00fd, C\u1ed1t Tu\u1ef7, C\u0103n C\u01a1, C\u0103n G\u1ed1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(Ti\u1ebfng Latin &lt;em&gt;Esse&lt;\/em&gt; (vb): to be). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;ousia&lt;\/em&gt; (being: hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng). Trong th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m &lt;em&gt;\u201cEssence\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cNh\u00f3m Tinh Tu\u00fd.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cl\u00e0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1i to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, tinh tu\u00fd, c\u0103n c\u01a1, c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; C\u1ed1t \u00fd: &lt;em&gt;\u201ct\u1eeb nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3\u201d, \u201cc\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, &lt;em&gt;\u201cThe Essence of Jesus Christ.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; - C\u00e1i Tinh Tu\u00fd (C\u00e1i C\u1ed1t C\u00e1ch) c\u1ee7a Jesus Christ l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi - Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi 100% v\u00e0 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi 100%.&lt;em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;. Essence of Christianity&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Tinh Tu\u00fd (C\u1ed1t C\u00e1ch) C\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u1eb1m c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. &lt;strong&gt;Essence of God&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Tinh Tu\u00fd C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;). H\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tinh tu\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi &lt;em&gt;(Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; \u1edf ph\u1ea7n &lt;strong&gt;God &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;i&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/essence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/essence\/\" >Essence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Essences&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00f3m Tinh Tu\u00fd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5 tu Do Th\u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia Phi-l\u00f4 v\u00e0 Joshephus ghi l\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Qumran xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt; BC \u2013 \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 b\u00e1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt; AD \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa v\u00ec b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t theo s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft phu t\u00f9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea3n l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n It-ra-en sau n\u0103m 70 AD (sau khi Ch\u00faa Jesus th\u0103ng thi\u00ean). Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y \u1edf &lt;em&gt;\u201cBi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00f9ng Qumran. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u t\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Th\u00e1nh Kinh: &lt;em&gt;\u201cCu\u1ed9n Kinh Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; H\u1ecd r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c tu\u00e2n theo lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 Kinh Torah v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng trong d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Essentialism &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Tinh Tu\u00fd&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft do nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi) ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eb1m b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m m\u1eb9, l\u00e0m v\u1ee3, v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u1eef gi\u1edbi trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. &lt;strong&gt;Essential Humanity&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Tinh Tu\u00fd, C\u1ed1t Tu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;). H\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb sa ng\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/essences\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/essences\/\" >Essences<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Esthesic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n M\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;, 636&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;ekthesis,&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0o n\u0103m 636, Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Heraclius \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh m\u1edf m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb (cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m) \u0111\u1ec3 minh \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin, v\u00e0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o th\u00eam v\u1ec1 &lt;em&gt;\u201cC\u00e1 Th\u1ec3 C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (person of Christ). B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y minh \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ c\u00f3 2 b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;monothelitism&lt;\/em&gt;. V\u1ec1 sau gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y b\u1ecb H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa b\u00e1c b\u1ecf.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/esthesic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/esthesic\/\" >Esthesic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Estrangement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Xa L\u1ea1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; L\u00e0 t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia Paul Tillich (1886 \u2013 1965), Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110CV Union, NY., \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kinh khi\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a &lt;em&gt;\u201ct\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean &lt;em&gt;\u201cestrange\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cxa l\u1ea1\u201d, \u201cc\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t) v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/estrangement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/estrangement\/\" >Estrangement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Eternity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 V\u0129nh C\u1eedu, \u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;aionion&lt;\/em&gt; (ages), La-tin: &lt;em&gt;aeternus&lt;\/em&gt;. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian v\u00f4 bi\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian trong \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ec3 C\u00f5i V\u0129nh C\u1eedu (\u00ca-sai, Kh\u1ea3i-huy\u1ec1n). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef kh\u1edfi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia Hy-l\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 Plato, Aristotle \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;\u00a0 \u2013 Th\u1eddi B\u1eebng S\u00e1ng (&lt;em&gt;Enligh-tenment&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia hi\u1ec7n sinh b\u00e0n s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt; Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. - &lt;strong&gt;Eternal &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;C\u00f5i V\u0129nh C\u1eedu, \u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc h\u01a1n 78 l\u1ea7n. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh trong \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. - &lt;strong&gt;Eternal Death&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft V\u0129nh Vi\u1ec5n, \u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u2013 s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Eternal Destiny, Eternal Life&lt;\/em&gt;. - &lt;strong&gt;Eternal Genera-tion&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;D\u00f2ng D\u1ecfi V\u0129nh C\u1eedu&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Truy\u1ec1n Sinh V\u0129nh C\u1eedu&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 t\u1eeb do Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Origen qua s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. \u00dd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i \u2013 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Cha v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 Con, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cCh\u1ee9c V\u1ecb Con\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (sonship) c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &lt;em&gt;\u201cV\u0129nh C\u1eedu Sinh Ra\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha. Th\u1eadt ra, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn ni\u1ec1m tin trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt;\u2013 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 &lt;em&gt;\u201cl\u00e0m con\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Nicene 325, v\u00e0 Constatinople 385. - &lt;strong&gt;Eternal Life&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng V\u0129nh C\u1eedu, \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;). Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;zoe aionion&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin: &lt;em&gt;vita aeterna&lt;\/em&gt;. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n sau s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00fac n\u00e0o. Trong ni\u1ec1m tin C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng V\u0129nh C\u1eedu b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1ch t\u1ed9i, t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean Con Ng\u00e0i \u2013 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac quanh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, khi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f2a ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t. S\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Gi\u0103ng v\u00e0 Th\u01b0 Gi\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 143 l\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y (zoe) v\u00e0 78 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, v\u0129nh c\u1eedu (everlasting, forever) (Gi\u0103ng 3:16, 36; 3:3). - &lt;strong&gt;Eternal Punishment&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 H\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea1t V\u0129nh Vi\u1ec5n&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t trong ho\u1ea3 ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. S\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 21, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ee9 2, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (Mat. 25:46). - &lt;strong&gt;Eternal Redemption&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c V\u0129nh C\u1eedu \u2013 S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;). Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u1eddi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i qua S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c \u2013 S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c hay l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 hy sinh ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft thay cho t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i cho ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Quan \u00c1n T\u1ed1i Cao C\u00f4ng B\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 Con Sinh T\u1ebf. Sa- tan kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Sa-tan c\u0169ng l\u00e0 - \u00a0B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea3m S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i (&lt;em&gt;Salvation Security&lt;\/em&gt;) hay l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng M\u1ea5t S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i (&lt;em&gt;Never lost salvation&lt;\/em&gt;). Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (&lt;em&gt;Reform&lt;\/em&gt;) tin r\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus s\u1ebd B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea3m S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ea5t S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i v\u00ec trong s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u, bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, (2) ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh th\u1eadt (Gi\u0103ng 3), (3) \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea4n Ch\u1ee9ng, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea4n Ch\u1ee9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng xo\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Eph. 1:13-14; Gi\u0103ng 8:16-17). (4) \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd C\u00e1o Tr\u00e1ch, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng ai ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ee9c tin (Gi\u0103ng 16:8-11; I Gi\u0103ng 2:1-6; 3:8-10). (5) N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ea5t, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh (Gi\u0103ng 3:3), v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Gi\u0103ng 1:12, Rom. 8:16) m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i l\u00e0 do \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n Ch\u00faa ban, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch hay kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i (minh \u0111\u1ecbnh) ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u2013 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00e0 ban cho m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (Gi\u00ea 17:9-10; Thi 62:12; Kh\u1ea3i 2:23).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eternity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eternity\/\" >Eternity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ethical Realism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ef1c Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;qua s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Reinhold Niebuhr (1890-1971) t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ho\u1ea1t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ethical-realism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ethical-realism\/\" >Ethical Realism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ethics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 bao h\u00e0m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0111\u00fang\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201csai\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;Ethical Naturalism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Thu\u1ed9c V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;). Ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft tin r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean qua nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c.v.v\u2026 - &lt;strong&gt;Ethical System, Christian&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o).&lt;\/em&gt; Qua l\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Kinh, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngay v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n ra nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf hay s\u00e1ch y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o. Ambrose \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng &lt;em&gt;Duties of the Clergy&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 t\u1ebf, ph\u00f3 t\u1ebf trong ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. D\u1ea7n d\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7 - c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u2013 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Kempis v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;Immitation of Christ&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc l\u00ean th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, tuy \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u00a0\u2013 t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Angustine tr\u1edf \u0111i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, tha th\u1ee9, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh.v.v... \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tr\u1edd th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; b\u00e0n s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong tri\u1ebft l\u00ed hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ethics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ethics\/\" >Ethics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ethics, Biblical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Theo Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c r\u00fat t\u1ec9a t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0111\u00fang\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;\u201csai\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; trong \u00fd\/ m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00a0c\u00f3 2 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n, Lu\u1eadt L\u00ea-vi, v\u00e0 L\u1eddi Ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. C\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc bao g\u1ed3m trong &lt;em&gt;\u201cB\u00e0i Gi\u1ea3ng Tr\u00ean N\u00fai\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Mat. 5-7) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 qua: &lt;em&gt;\u201cCon Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1edbi\u201d,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng M\u1edbi\u201d, \u201cB\u01b0\u1edbc Theo Th\u00e1nh Linh\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau. Ngay nay, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf: &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, bao g\u1ed3m: c\u0103n b\u1ea3n L\u1eddi D\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi, v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u01b0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cgi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Christ-likeness), qua s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, hy sinh, tha th\u1ee9, nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb, nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c... &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;Norm for Ethics&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt Cho \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. - &lt;strong&gt;Ethics, Sexual&lt;\/strong&gt; \u2013 xem Sexual Ethics. - &lt;strong&gt;Ethics, Social&lt;\/strong&gt; \u2013 xem Social Ethics. - &lt;strong&gt;Ethics, Situation &lt;\/strong&gt;\u2013 &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Contextual Ethics&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;V\u0103n M\u1ea1ch H\u00f3a \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ethics-biblical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ethics-biblical\/\" >Ethics, Biblical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ethnicity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7ng T\u1ed9c T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 6,200 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, c\u00f3 5 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau: da tr\u1eafng, \u0111en, \u0111\u1ecf, v\u00e0ng, x\u1eadm (Island people). Trong c\u00e1c s\u1eafc m\u00e0u da \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau, tu\u1ef3 theo v\u0103n ho\u00e1, \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c.... T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Ethnocentric&lt;\/em&gt; (ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c) \u2013 nghi\u00ean h\u1eb3n s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ho\u00e1, hay ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ethnicity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ethnicity\/\" >Ethnicity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ethos&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ed7 Ch\u1ee9a \u0110\u1ef1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;ethos&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201ckho ch\u1ee9a\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh\u201d.&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1eeb trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00dd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ph\u00f4 tri\u1ec3n \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hay t\u00edn l\u00ed.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ethos\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ethos\/\" >Ethos<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Eucharist&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;eucharistein&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cto give thanks.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng cho L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh \u2013 do t\u1eeb l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1 \u01a1n b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho th\u00e2n v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 ra cho nh\u1eefng ai tin theo Ng\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 S\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf Ma-thi-\u01a1 26:26-29, M\u00e1c 14:22-25, Lu-ca 22:15-20, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 c\u0169ng ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf I C\u00f4-rin-t\u00f4 11:23-26. L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 2 l\u1ec5 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c Tin L\u00e0nh Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef theo tinh th\u1ea7n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus. Ri\u00eang Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 5 l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb Eucharist c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 &lt;em&gt;Eucharist Prayers&lt;\/em&gt; (L\u1eddi C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh), &lt;em&gt;Eucharist Sacrifice&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u1ef1 Hy Sinh Trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh), &lt;em&gt;Eucharist Theology&lt;\/em&gt; (Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh \u2013 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a B\u00e1nh v\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc Nho bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 hay kh\u00f4ng, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay th\u1eadt l\u00e0 huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa). (&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;transubstantiation, &lt;\/strong&gt;v\u00e0&lt;strong&gt; Lord\u2019s Supper, the&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eucharist\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eucharist\/\" >Eucharist<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Euchologion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;S\u00e1ch T\u1ea1 \u01a0n&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a L\u1ec5 T\u1ea1 \u01a0n thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/euchologion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/euchologion\/\" >Euchologion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Eulogia&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;eulogia&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cblessing\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; s\u1ef1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1nh ban ra t\u1eeb L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh trong Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201ceulogia\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u00e1nh th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh hay l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eulogia\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eulogia\/\" >Eulogia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Eulogy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u1ee3i Khen Ch\u00faa, T\u00f4n Vinh Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;eulogy&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cpraise.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong s\u1ef1 ca ng\u1ee3i, t\u00f4n vinh Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u1eddi trong d\u1ecbp tang l\u1ec5, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eulogy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eulogy\/\" >Eulogy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Euthanasia&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ea5m D\u1ee9t S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb do ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 an ngh\u1ec9,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd hay v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c hay ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ai \u0111\u00f3 trong l\u00fac \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn \u2013 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cm\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/euthanasia\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/euthanasia\/\" >Euthanasia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Eutychianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Eu-ty-chi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y b\u1edfi Tu Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Eu-ty-chi, v\u00f9ng Constaninople v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. \u00d4ng d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u2013 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 cho l\u00e0 t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Chacedon (451). T\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi Nestorius, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Monophysitism&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eutychianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/eutychianism\/\" >Eutychianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Evangelical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh, C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Sau th\u1eddi M. Luther. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a M. Luther \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cprotestant.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i). C\u00f2n \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;Evangelical Churches&lt;\/strong&gt; (g\u1ecdi chung nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u00a0nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u00ean. C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;mainstream evangelical &lt;\/em&gt;nh\u01b0:&lt;em&gt; Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist, Episcopal, Lutheran, Pente-costal. &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Evangelical Libera-lism &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Tin L\u00e0nh T\u1ef1 Do&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc M\u1edbi (New Theology) c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Tin L\u00e0nh\/ C\u1ea3i Ch\u00ednh (1880 \u2013 1930) hay l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o Ti\u1ec7m Ti\u1ebfn (&lt;em&gt;Progressive Theology&lt;\/em&gt;). H\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ea1o L\u00ed Tin L\u00e0nh (Christian Doctrine) t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn v\u0103n minh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh n\u00f3i chung (&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Christianity&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evangelical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evangelical\/\" >Evangelical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Evangelical Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Tin L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh\/ C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. M\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00fd chung l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ec1m Tin \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, c\u1ea3 ba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n v\u1ecb, Bao g\u1ed3m: \u0110C Cha, \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o. \u0110C Con, \u00a0\u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c. \u0110T Linh, \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u1ea3o T\u1ed3n. - Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 ng\u1ed9. \u2013 Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Tin. S\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 C\u1ea7n Thi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 th\u1eadt qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evangelical-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evangelical-theology\/\" >Evangelical Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Evangelicalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o&lt;\/em&gt;\/ &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Truy\u1ec1n B\u00e1 Tin L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m cho tha nh\u00e2n trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i sau r\u1ed1t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin chung kh\u00e1c trong t\u00edn l\u00ed v\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i khi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n t\u1eeb Fundalmen-talism.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evangelicalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evangelicalism\/\" >Evangelicalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Evangelism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u1ea3ng, Ch\u1ee9ng \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;euangelion&lt;\/em&gt; \u00a0&lt;em&gt;\u201cgood news.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u00a0C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chia x\u1ebd, truy\u1ec1n rao, gi\u1ea3ng ra Ph\u00fac \u00c2m\/ Tin M\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch.\u00a0 Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3: &lt;strong&gt;evangelist &lt;\/strong&gt;(nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o), &lt;strong&gt;evangelistic crusades&lt;\/strong&gt; (chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng, cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng), &lt;strong&gt;evangelistic zeal&lt;\/strong&gt; (nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o), &lt;strong&gt;evangelists the four&lt;\/strong&gt; (4 nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 4 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a 4 s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evangelism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evangelism\/\" >Evangelism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Evangle&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tin M\u1eebng, Ph\u00fac \u00c2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;euangelion&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cgood news\u201d.&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho \u00fd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m (tin m\u1eebng) v\u1ec1 N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3, s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong to\u00e0n kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 tin m\u1eebng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. Danh t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;evangelist &lt;\/em&gt;l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n rao\/ b\u00e1 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng 3 l\u1ea7n trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc (C\u00f4ng 21:8; Eph. 4:11; II Tim. 4:5). \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt;, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a 4 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Tin L\u00e0nh (Kinh Th\u00e1nh Tin L\u00e0nh), v\u00e0 S\u00e1ch Tin M\u1eebng (Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o). Sau n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c S\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evangle\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evangle\/\" >Evangle<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Everlasting&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u0129nh Vi\u1ec5n, \u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem \u1edf &lt;strong&gt;Eternal life&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/everlasting\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/everlasting\/\" >Everlasting<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Everlasting Life&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng V\u0129nh C\u1eefu, \/\/ V\u0129nh H\u1eb1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sau khi v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai tin nh\u1eadn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi), \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u00e3i m\u00e3i tr\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 754 l\u1ea7n \u1edf C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 378 l\u1ea7n \u1edf T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t sinh ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110CT.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/everlasting-life\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/everlasting-life\/\" >Everlasting Life<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Evidences of Christianity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ch\u1ee9ng T\u00edch C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng minh ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia, h\u1ecdc gi\u00e3 TK qua nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng &lt;em&gt;\u201cth\u1eadt\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 tin qua 20 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn nay, &lt;em&gt;\u201c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Evidence That Demands a Verdict: Life-Changing Truth for a Skeptical World&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Mc Dowell), v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn l\u00ed cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n Tin L\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evidences-of-christianity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evidences-of-christianity\/\" >Evidences of Christianity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Evil&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c1c, Gian \u00c1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh ghi l\u1ea1i 2 t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng thu\u1ed9c \u201clu\u00e2n l\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc\u201d (&lt;em&gt;moral&amp; ethical&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cthi\u1ec7n (t\u1ed1t) v\u00e0 \u00e1c (x\u1ea5u).\u201d (&lt;strong&gt;\u05d8\u0591\u05d5\u05b9\u05d1&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;t\u00f4wb&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;\u05e2\u05e8\u05b8\u0594&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(-r\u00e1)&lt;\/em&gt;) \u00a0\u00a0(S\u00e1ng 2:9). Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean 7 l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ed1t\/thi\u1ec7n\u201d. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n 2, c\u00e2u 9, khi b\u1ea3o \u00d4ng B\u00e0 A-dam \u201c&lt;em&gt;kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u2018thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0\u00a0 \u00e1c\u2019&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, th\u00ec t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n (t\u1ed1t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u00e1c\u201d,&lt;\/em&gt; l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. T\u1eeb \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d s\u1ebd b\u00e0n trong m\u1ee5c \u201cgood\u201d ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n t\u1eeb\u00a0 \u201cx\u1ea5u.\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3y (7) t\u1eeb \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d trong s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean h\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t kh\u00e1c, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ba A-dam kh\u00f4ng v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3\u00a0 th\u00eam \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i nghe l\u1eddi Sa-tan qua con r\u1eafn, tr\u00e1i l\u1eddi \u0110CT, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i mang \u201cS\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111au kh\u1ed5\u201d (s\u1ef1 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u201c\u00c1c\u201d v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u1ebft\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;m\u1ea5t vinh hi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Rom 3:23). Tuy r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d hay \u201cthi\u1ec7n\u201d (&lt;em&gt;t\u00f2b&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 \u201cx\u1ea5u\u201d hay \u201c\u00e1c\u201d (&lt;em&gt;r\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00a0trong c\u1ed5 Kinh Heb-r\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f3m \u00fd: \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u201cthi\u1ec7n\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201cx\u1ea5u\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u201c\u00e1c\u201d. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c, \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n 6 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd, \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110CT nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n x\u1ea5u (r\u00f3)\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1eeb \u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gian \u00e1c x\u1ea5u xa gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3\u201d l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;tr\u00e1i l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng v\u00e2ng theo l\u1eddi \u0110CT.\u201d\u00a0 Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n. \u00c1c - L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, - ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i, \u0110\u1ea5ng Thi\u1ec7n L\u00e0nh. - L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111em \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u00dd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n, Th\u00e1nh Augustine \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 trong gi\u1edbi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia cho r\u1eb1ng: &lt;em&gt;gian \u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt; (evil) kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, hay b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1i h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi...&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung (&lt;em&gt;Christianity&lt;\/em&gt;), th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Theology of Evil&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u201cV\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ec1 \u00c1c\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Problem of Evil)&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 evil l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Sa-tan - K\u1ebb \u00c1c; n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec7n\u201d l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110CT, v\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 evil\u201d n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Sa-tan. \u2013 T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ti\u1ebfc qu\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c, t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 suy x\u00e9t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u00fang\u2026 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea3n quan \u201ct\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d theo m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;b\u00e0 E-va th\u1ea5y tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed9 \u2018\u0103n ngon\u2019 \u2018\u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft\u2019 v\u00e0 \u2018m\u1edf tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n\u2019&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;r\u1ed3i h\u00e1i \u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;,..\u201d (S\u00e1ng 3:6). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u201ctr\u00e1i l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa\u201d \u0111em \u201cs\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d, Ng\u00e0y nay ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7, x\u1ea5u xa, \u0111\u1ed3i tru\u1ef5, b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1eadt kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. Xin xem th\u00eam, &lt;strong&gt;Satan\/ Satanism&lt;\/strong&gt;, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c sau. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; \u00a0- &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Intrinsic Evil&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (Th\u1ef1c Gi\u00e1 \u00c1c). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i gian \u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, trong m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00fd nu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Moral Evil&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed \u00c1c) n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Natural Evil&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (\u00c1c T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean) bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i lu\u1eadn l\u00ed \u00e1c (c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 song song), nh\u01b0ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, g\u00e2y th\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1 hay x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u1ecbch l\u1ec7, HIV). &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0- Evil, Problem of&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Gian \u00c1c&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tranh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i. (1) Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00e1c; (2) t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gian \u00e1c; (3) t\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5 x\u1ea3y ra?.. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 kh\u00fac m\u1eaft trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc! Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n; (2) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u1ef1 T\u1ef1 Do (\u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh; (3) \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 gian \u00e1c l\u00e0 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i tr\u00e1i l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n d\u1eb7n&lt;strong&gt; \u2013 &lt;\/strong&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Adam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ecdn \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, gian \u00e1c (&lt;em&gt;evil&lt;\/em&gt;) sinh ra \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay! C\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 gian \u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t khi t\u1eadn th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i To\u00e0 \u00c1n Tr\u1eafng Cu\u1ed1i C\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 ghi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi trong ho\u1ea3 ng\u1ee5c. - &lt;strong&gt;Evil One&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Sa-tan,\u00a0 T\u1ed5 \u00c1c, K\u1ebb \u00c1c, \u0110\u1ea1i \u00c1c )&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Sa-tan l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e1c, k\u1ebb g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u1ecdi x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ebb g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 khi g\u1ea1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e1i ngh\u1ecbch l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1n d\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u1ea5m trong v\u01b0\u1eddn E-\u0111en (Mat. 5:37; 6:13; 13:19; Gi\u0103ng 17:15; Eph. 6:16; Kh\u1ea3i 13;20). - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Evil Power&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (Quy\u1ec1n L\u1ef1c \u00c1c, \u00c1c N\u0103ng). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Sa-tan v\u00e0 \u00e2m binh theo h\u1eafn l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i t\u0103m &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Evil Spirits&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c \u00c1c Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;). Ngo\u00e0i Sa-tan, th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng h\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb theo h\u1eafn, g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;evil spirits&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; c\u00e1c t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u00e1c \u00e1c th\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c &lt;em&gt;evil spirits&lt;\/em&gt; trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f2n l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;dumb spirits&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (th\u1ea7n c\u00e2m), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;deaf spirits&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (th\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ebfc), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;demon-possessed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (qu\u1ef7 nh\u1eadp) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00e1c linh x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y chung th\u1ea9m, c\u00e1c t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e1c b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi trong h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c (Mat. 4:1-11; John 12:31; 16:11; Eph. 2:17; 6:12; Kh\u1ea3i 13; Lu-ca 7:21; C\u00f4ng 19:12-15).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evil\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evil\/\" >Evil<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Evolution&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ebfn Ho\u00e1, S\u1ef1 Bi\u1ebfn D\u1ea1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;evolutio&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201can unrolling\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9n tr\u00f2n). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; khi m\u00e0 Charles Darwin (1809 \u2013 1882) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;the Origin of Species\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c C\u00e1c Lo\u00e0i). S\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p qua h\u1eb1ng t\u1ec9 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu ng\u00e0y nay. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb khoa h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1eadt, khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00ed h\u00f3a, khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t tranh lu\u1eadn trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; \u00a0&lt;strong&gt;Naturalistic Evolution&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ebfn Ho\u00e1 T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;). &lt;strong&gt;Theistic Evolution&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ebfn Ho\u00e1 H\u1eefu Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao. &lt;strong&gt;Evolution Debate&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tranh Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ebfn Ho\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ef1 b\u00e3o ho\u00e0\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (compromise) c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Evolutionism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Ti\u1ebfn Ho\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00f3i chung qua c\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Darwin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed7, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1eabu vi n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc gia t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p \u1edf s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 1. \u00a0M\u1ed7i v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u00f9y theo m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, sinh x\u00f4i n\u1ea9y n\u1ee1 th\u00eam l\u00ean, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n d\u1ea1y. (Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Darwinism)&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evolution\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/evolution\/\" >Evolution<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ex-nihilo, Creatio&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o T\u1eeb Kh\u00f4ng Kh\u00f4ng &lt;\/em&gt;hay\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o T\u1eeb Tuy\u1ec7t Kh\u00f4ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Ng\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3, v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 T\u1ef1 H\u1eefu V\u0129nh C\u1eedu. Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia Karl Barth \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch d\u00e0y minh t\u1ecf t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u x\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u00e2m th\u00fay trong b\u1ed9 &lt;em&gt;Church Dogmatic&lt;\/em&gt;. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft hay suy lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cleap of faith\u201d (&lt;em&gt;b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ee9c tin&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y \u00a0l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u0111g. Im. Kant (1724-1804) d\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ex-nihilo-creatio\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ex-nihilo-creatio\/\" >Ex-nihilo, Creatio<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Exaltation of Jesus Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u00f4n Cao Vinh Hi\u1ec3n C\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n cao \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh vinh hi\u1ec3n sau khi ch\u1ebft, s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. S\u1ef1 t\u00f4n cao n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nhu h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ghi \u1edf Phi-l\u00edp 2:9-11, \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 1:20, v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 3:21.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/exaltation-of-jesus-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/exaltation-of-jesus-christ\/\" >Exaltation of Jesus Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Exclusivism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Lo\u1ea1i Tr\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng (&lt;em&gt;kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt;) ban S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i ri\u00eang cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i (Gi\u0103ng 14:6; C\u00f4ng 4:12). Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n sau c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/exclusivism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/exclusivism\/\" >Exclusivism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Excommunication&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u1ee9t Ph\u00e9p Th\u00f4ng C\u00f4ng &lt;\/em&gt;ho\u1eb7c&lt;em&gt; D\u1ee9t Ph\u00e9p Hi\u1ec7p Th\u00f4ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00ed do g\u00ec theo qui lu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 24:26 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m c\u1ed1 \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 dung ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ni\u1ec1m tin. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb d\u1ee9t ph\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c qu\u0103ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn l\u1eafm. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ban l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y cho m\u1ed9t ai, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t u\u1ef7 ban duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.&lt;br \/&gt;\nNgu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf Ma-thi-\u01a1 18: 17-18; Gi\u0103ng 20:23, khi Ch\u00faa Jesus d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 m\u1edf c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i b\u1ecb k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y: (1) S\u1eeda sai c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n) (Mat. 18:15). (2) N\u1ebfu t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1eeda sai, th\u00ec m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng (&lt;em&gt;U\u1ef7 Ban Duy\u1ec7t X\u00e9t&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. (3) N\u1ebfu t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0103n n\u0103n, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd m\u1edbi x\u1eed l\u00fd trong h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang (H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh), v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 &lt;em&gt;\u201cD\u1ee9t Ph\u00e9p Th\u00f4ng C\u00f4ng.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; S\u1ee9 \u0110\u00f4 Phao-l\u00f4 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 (I Tim. 5:20; Gal. 2:14; I Cor. 5:3-5; II Tes. 3:14-15). Qua Ti\u1ebfn Tr\u00ecnh L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, c\u00e1c GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, GH Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t khe kh\u1eaft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c GH Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa s\u1eeda tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u00edt \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u1ea3 hai\u00a0 trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u00edn h\u1eefu. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh th\u00ec d\u00f9ng uy quy\u1ec1n c\u00f2n t\u00edn h\u1eefu th\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, &lt;em&gt;\u201cD\u1ee9t Ph\u00e9p Th\u00f4ng C\u00f4ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ng\u0103n tr\u1edf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea1m cho nh\u1eefng ai th\u1eadt t\u00e2m theo Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/excommunication\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/excommunication\/\" >Excommunication<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Exegesis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ea3i Ngh\u0129a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;exegesis,\u00a0 \u201cinterprettation&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;explaina-tion\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i, di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb then ch\u1ed1t, c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho sinh vi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110CV Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o, trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc Di\u1ec5n D\u1ecbch, D\u1ecbch Gi\u1ea3i, Gi\u1ea3ng Gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, t\u00ecm \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1eebng l\u1eddi, t\u1eebng c\u00e2u trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t trong l\u00fac nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay. \u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1eddt b\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Gi\u1ea3i Ngh\u0129a (&lt;em&gt;exegetical method&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u1ee9 \u0111ang h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng do c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia, v\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m trong hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/exegesis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/exegesis\/\" >Exegesis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Exemplarism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft M\u1eabu M\u1ef1c L\u00fd T\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;exemplarium&lt;\/em&gt; (ideal model). T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eb1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &lt;em&gt;\u201cm\u1eabu m\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d, \u201ctuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00ec ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i qua s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &lt;em&gt;\u201cm\u1eabu tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ee9c\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i hy sinh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cho gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y trong Anh Ng\u1eef l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;atonement&lt;\/em&gt; (s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/exemplarism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/exemplarism\/\" >Exemplarism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Exhortation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e1n D\u01b0\u01a1ng, S\u1ef1 T\u00f4n Cao&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 t\u00f4n qu\u00fd t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus qua vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 - thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 &lt;em&gt;\u201ctr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Eph. 1:20; Phil. 2:9-11; Khai 3:21). Trong tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, m\u1ed7i t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4n cao kh\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 khen ng\u1ee3i \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng qua s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u2013 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1eddi r\u0103n &lt;em&gt;\u201ck\u00ednh Ch\u00faa, y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/exhortation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/exhortation\/\" >Exhortation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Existence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u1edf trong ng\u00e0nh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Ex&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cout of\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 &lt;em&gt;sitere&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cto stand\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201cessence\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch, tinh tu\u00fd). Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed7i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt qua c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft l\u00ed quanh n\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/existence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/existence\/\" >Existence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Existence of God, Argument for the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eadp Lu\u1eadn V\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Trong th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;- &lt;strong&gt;Existential Estran-gement &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u00e1ch Bi\u1ec7t Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia Paul Tillich (1886 \u2013 1965) \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00dd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Nguy\u00ean c\u1edb l\u00e0 do t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;estranged&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;separated&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ra, xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi nhau.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/existence-of-god-argument-for-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/existence-of-god-argument-for-the\/\" >Existence of God, Argument for the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Existential Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Hi\u1ec7n Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; do c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia hi\u1ec7n sinh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Soren Kierkegaard (1813 \u2013 1855), Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 \u2013 1900) v\u00e0 Martin Heidegger (1889 \u2013 1976). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n sinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u2013 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o.\u00a0 C\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc trong \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Paul Tillich (1886 \u2013 1965), Rudolf Bultmann (1884 \u2013 1976), v\u00e0 Karl Barth (1886 \u2013 1968).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/existential-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/existential-theology\/\" >Existential Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Existentialism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u2013 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;being&lt;\/em&gt;) ch\u00fang ta. Tri\u1ebft l\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn I trong c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p, Anh, v\u00e0 sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 II \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3. S\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft gia Soren Kierkegaard (1813 \u2013 1855), nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ebd th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y qua c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u00a0 V\u1ec1 sau, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy qua c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia nh\u01b0 Karl Jaspers v\u00e0 F. Nietzsche (\u0110\u1ee9c), Martin Heidegger (M\u1ef9), Albert Camus, v\u00e0 Jean Paul Sartre (Ph\u00e1p). T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y nay \u2013 v\u00e0 qua tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00e0y, Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia Rudolf Bultmann\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 &lt;em&gt;Si\u00eau Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt; (Transcendence of God), &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Tin v\u00e0 L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt; (Faith and History)&lt;em&gt;, Gi\u1ea3i Kinh&lt;\/em&gt; (Herme-neutics), &lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Jesus L\u1ecbch S\u1eed &lt;\/em&gt;(Historical Jesus) v\u00e0&lt;em&gt; Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf M\u1ea1c &lt;\/em&gt;(Eschatological Age). Ngo\u00e0i R. Bultmann, c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Paul Tillich v\u00e0 Karl Barth c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tr\u00ean qua c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/existentialism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/existentialism\/\" >Existentialism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Exorcism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec1n \u0110u\u1ed5i Qu\u1ef7 - Tr\u1eeb Di\u1ec7t Qu\u1ef7 Ma&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u1ef7 ra kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb qu\u1ef7 nh\u1eadp, ma \u00e1m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc trong th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus thi h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5. Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 uy quy\u1ec1n qua\/ h\u01a1n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7 v\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ef7 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo l\u1ec7nh Ng\u00e0i (Lu-ca 11:14-23 v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng-v\u1ee5 16:18). C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u1ef7 nh\u1eadp nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/exorcism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/exorcism\/\" >Exorcism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Experience&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh Nghi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc trong s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. T\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c hay l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (\u00fd th\u1ee9c), ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu hay tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, 2+2=4. Trong lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e2u, \u201c&lt;em&gt;tr\u00e8o cao t\u00e9 n\u1eb7ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. C\u00e2u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n, \u201c&lt;em&gt;tham th\u1ef1c c\u1ef1c th\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (tham \u0103n, th\u00ec kh\u1ed5). Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec \u201ctham c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u\u201d, n\u00ean \u0111i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec c\u00e0ng kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u201ctham\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201ctham lam\u201d. M\u00e0 \u201ctham lam\u201d th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean tranh c\u1ea1nh, xung \u0111\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh. S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd Ch\u00faa, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;m\u1ed9t&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1edd hai ch\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a con \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, l\u00f2ng con \u1edf \u0111\u00f3,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ed r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n ngoan, &lt;em&gt;\u00a0\u201cB\u1edfi ch\u01b0ng s\u1ef1\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;tham ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c l\u00e0&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb v\u00ec \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i n\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1o, chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (I Tim 6:10).\u00a0 Tham lam lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u00f3i s\u1ef1 ganh t\u1ecb, ganh gh\u00e9t, tranh c\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ai h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh.\u00a0 Gia-c\u01a1 nh\u00ecn r\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, n\u00ean c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y, &lt;em&gt;\u00a0\u201cN\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ganh gh\u00e9t, tranh c\u1ea1nh th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0 (Gia c\u01a1 3: 10). Kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a anh em v\u1edbi Gi\u00f4-s\u00e9p, c\u1ee7a Vua Sau-l\u01a1 v\u1edbi \u0110a-v\u00edt. v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00ca-va v\u1edbi Sa-tan. Nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, Sa-tan lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 \u201ctham lam\u201d cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ea1o n\u00ean, b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh (nature) l\u00e0 th\u1ebf! Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch. Trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng th\u1ebf.\u00a0 T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, hay to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ckhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d, trong ti\u1ebfng La-tin l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;sciente&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng g\u1ed1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u201ckh\u00f4n ngoan.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u201cnh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, \u00fd th\u1ee9c\u201d v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch linh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khoa h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ckh\u00f4n ngoan\u201d. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u00edt m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ckh\u00f4n ngoan Tr\u1eddi cho.\u201d&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong m\u00f4n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc hay th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u1ea7y. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u trong t\u00e2m linh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Ngo\u00e0i s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong t\u00e2m linh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao, b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nNhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 hay c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 qua m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y tai nghe, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c (feeling), c\u1ea3m x\u00fac (touching). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft gia F. Scleiermacher &lt;em&gt;\u201cc\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (feeling) l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m cao nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201cch\u00e2n th\u1eadt\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Feeling&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 \u201ckinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eadt\u201d c\u1ee7a \u201c\u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1eadt\u201d c\u00f3 \u0110CT ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Experience, Theology of&lt;\/strong&gt;. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m. T\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o!?! \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Do \u0111\u00f3, thi\u1ebfu \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh an n\u00ean t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u2013 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t an m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sao kh\u1ecfa l\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/experience\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/experience\/\" >Experience<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Expiation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 T\u1ea9y T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;hilasterion&lt;\/em&gt; , &lt;em&gt;hilasmos&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 tha t\u1ed9i \u2013 xin t\u1ea9y xo\u00e1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hy sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su (Rom 3: 25; I Gia. 2:2; 4:10). Trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 &lt;em&gt;\u201cNg\u00e0y Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Day of Atonement) hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cNg\u00e0y Tha Th\u1ee9\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Day of Expiation) cho t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean (Lev. 16).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/expiation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/expiation\/\" >Expiation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Exposition of Scripture&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Khoa Gi\u1ea3i Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb La-tin &lt;em&gt;exponere&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a ra, di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ra cho r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 g\u1edfi cho Ti-m\u00f4-th\u00ea &lt;em&gt;\u201ch\u00e3y gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i l\u1ebd th\u1eadt\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (II Tim. 4). Ng\u00e0y nay, trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, \u00a021&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt;, khoa gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i kinh (&lt;em&gt;expository preaching&lt;\/em&gt;) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i, gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bao h\u00e0m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m d\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u0103n b\u1ea7y. B\u00f9 l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i kinh n\u00e0y. (Xin n\u00f3i th\u00eam ngo\u00e0i khoa n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khoa gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Gi\u1ea3ng Ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ec1 (&lt;em&gt;Topical Preaching&lt;\/em&gt;), gi\u1ea3ng theo B\u1ea3n V\u0103n (&lt;em&gt;Textual Preaching&lt;\/em&gt;), theo C\u00e2u G\u1ed1c (&lt;em&gt;Key Verse Preaching&lt;\/em&gt;), theo Ti\u1ec3u S\u1eed (&lt;em&gt;Biographical Preaching&lt;\/em&gt;), hay theo T\u00edn L\u00fd (&lt;em&gt;Doctrinal Preaching&lt;\/em&gt;) v.v... Nh\u01b0ng Gi\u1ea3ng Gi\u1ea3i Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c l\u1edbp thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Th\u00e1nh Kinh (ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1, Hy-l\u1ea1p), tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed TK, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i kinh \u1edf b\u1eadc Cao H\u1ecdc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o (Master Divinity). Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m 2 c\u1ea5p: Gi\u1ea3ng Gi\u1ea3i Kinh S\u01a1 C\u1ea5p (hay C\u0103n B\u1ea3n \u2013 gi\u1ea3ng theo C\u00e2u G\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3ng Gi\u1ea3i Kinh Cao C\u1ea5p. N\u00f3i chung, \u0111a s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3ng theo Ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ec1 v\u00e0 theo C\u00e2u G\u1ed1c (Gi\u1ea3i Kinh S\u01a1 C\u1ea5p).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/exposition-of-scripture\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/exposition-of-scripture\/\" >Exposition of Scripture<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Extra Biblical Materials\/ Sources&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ngu\u1ed3n T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Ngo\u1ea1i Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Kinh, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u song song li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, s\u1eed li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong th\u1eddi c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri (sau th\u1eddi l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y Asyri &amp; Ba-by-l\u00f4n), v\u00e0 sau th\u1eddi c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I-III.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/extra-biblical-materials-sources\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/extra-biblical-materials-sources\/\" >Extra Biblical Materials\/ Sources<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Extrasensory Perception (ESP)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ngo\u1ea1i C\u1ea3m Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng do s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri. Hi\u1ec7n lo\u1ea1i Ngo\u1ea1i C\u1ea3m Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. Do m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ch\u00fang ta, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang hay sai v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/extrasensory-perception-esp\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/extrasensory-perception-esp\/\" >Extrasensory Perception (ESP)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Extrinsicism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb Ngo\u1ea1i Th\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;intrinsicism&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201cb\u00ean ngo\u00e0i,\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;hay \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qua ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; \u00a0&lt;strong&gt;intrinsicism&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/extrinsicism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/extrinsicism\/\" >Extrinsicism<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-f mix\" data-filter-base=\"f\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">F<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fairbairn, Andrew Martin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fairbairn, Andrew Martin&lt;\/strong&gt; (1838 \u2013 1932). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o. \u00d4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc L\u00e0nh Union, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang (Congregation Church) \u1edf Bathgate v\u00e0 Aberdeen (1860 \u2013 1870). V\u1ec1 sau, \u00f4ng sang \u0110\u1ee9c theo Dorney Tholuck, v\u00e0 Hengstenberg. Nh\u1edd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y tr\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Mansfield College, Oxford khi kh\u1edfi l\u1eadp 1886. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ - \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u00f4ng g\u1ed3m: &lt;em&gt;The Place of Christ in Modern Theology&lt;\/em&gt; (1893), s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn 12 l\u1ea7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fairbairn-andrew-martin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fairbairn-andrew-martin\/\" >Fairbairn, Andrew Martin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Tin, Ni\u1ec1m Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Heb: &lt;strong&gt;\u05d4\u05b6\u05d0\u05b1\u05de\u05b4\u0596\u05d9\u05df&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;he-emin&lt;\/em&gt;) (S\u00e1ng 45:26) hay &lt;strong&gt;\u05d0\u05b7\u059d\u05d0\u05b2\u05de\u05b4\u0597\u05d9\u05df&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;a-aman&lt;\/em&gt;) (Gi\u00f3p 9:16), d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;pistis&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;fides&lt;\/em&gt; (believe or trust). C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tin, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00f4i tin. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;faith&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;believe. &lt;\/em&gt;Trong KT c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 108 l\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;trust&lt;\/em&gt; (tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, giao ph\u00f3, u\u1ef7 th\u00e1c): &lt;strong&gt;\u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05a3\u05d8\u05b7\u05d7 &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u00a0(&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;b\u00e0\u00b7\u1e6d\u00e0h&lt;\/em&gt;) (E-sai 37: 10). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 120 l\u1ea7n. Trong Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, ni\u1ec1m tin (dt), hay tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, u\u1ef7 th\u00e1c (\u0111t) (&lt;em&gt;believe&lt;\/em&gt;\/&lt;em&gt;trust&lt;\/em&gt;).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u00dd ni\u1ec7m \u201c&lt;em&gt;tin&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 khi b\u00e0 \u00ca-va \u201c&lt;em&gt;nghe l\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d con r\u1eafn c\u00e1m d\u1ed7, \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u1ea5m. V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 N\u00f4-\u00ea \u201cv\u00e2ng l\u1eddi\u201d \u0110CT \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u00fai, trong 120 n\u0103m, r\u1ed3i Ab-ram \u201cv\u00e2ng l\u1eddi\u201d Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb \u201ctrust\u201d or \u201cbelieve\/faith\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 15 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf, khi \u00f4ng Ab-ram tin v\u00e0o \u0110CT, \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u00c1p-ram &lt;strong&gt;tin&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchristian.com\/kinhthanh\/tim.asp?btt\/0\/15:6&quot;&gt;S\u00e1ng-th\u1ebf K\u00fd 15:6&lt;\/a&gt;).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;tin\/ \u0111\u1ee9c tin&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb then ch\u1ed1t \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa.\u00a0 Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch H\u00eab-r\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin, v\u00e0 b\u1edfi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i. Tin v\u00e0o \u0110CT l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 \u0110CT c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 Ph\u1ee5 ri\u00eang h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nV\u1eady, \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Xin xem \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch H\u00eab-r\u01a1. \u201c&lt;em&gt;V\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh \u0111ang tr\u00f4ng mong l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh ch\u1eb3ng xem th\u1ea5y.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (H\u00eab-r\u01a1 11;1). Qua c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh \u0111ang trong mong\u2026 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00ecnh tin n\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa ban cho. \u0110\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u cao nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Tha T\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng C\u00f4ng B\u00ecnh trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i trong ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong ni\u1ec1m tin C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Christianity&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i giao th\u00e1c tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i v\u1edbi v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u1ec1 Jesus Christ. V\u00ec ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng V\u0129nh C\u1eefu cho nh\u1eefng ai theo Ch\u00faa (Eph. 2:8-9; Gi\u0103ng 6:40; 3:16).\u00a0 Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00edn h\u1eefu t\u1eeb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed... (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; Lu-ca 10:27).&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin (&lt;em&gt;faith&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u qua 2 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch: (1) &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i &lt;\/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Phao-l\u00f4, Gi\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt;), l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u1eadt t\u00e2m v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh. V\u00e0, (2) &lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Gia-c\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1eaby ra, qua \u0111\u1ee9c tin, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m v\u1eefng l\u00f2ng tin. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin them \u0111\u1ee9c tin. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 sau: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Phao-l\u00f4 \u2013 &lt;em&gt;\u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, &lt;em&gt;\u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin &lt;\/em&gt;(Rom. 1:17tt).\u00a0 Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gia-c\u01a1&lt;em&gt; \u201c\u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m k\u00e8m theo\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Gia-c\u01a1 2:14-24). Hai \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1eady s\u00f3ng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u00a0t\u1edbi nay. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa 2 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh, lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m theo Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa ban t\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa d\u00e1m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa (II Cor. 4:6; Gi\u0103ng 6:44; I Gi\u0103ng 2:20, 27), v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Ni\u1ec1m Tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i v\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea1nh (Eph. 2:8; Phil. 1:29).&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0 &lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. - &lt;strong&gt;Faithfulness&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Trung T\u00edn&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa. Trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;aman&lt;\/em&gt;, trong b\u1ea3n 70 (LXX) h\u01a1n 67 l\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch qua ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;pistos&lt;\/em&gt; bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean &lt;em&gt;\u201cfirmness\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn), &lt;em&gt;\u201cfixity\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (b\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7c) v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;stability\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n (C\u01af: Ph\u1ee5c 7:9; Thi 25:10; 40;\u00a0 85; 115; 136; \u00d4-s\u00ea 2:19; \u00ca-sai 49:7 \u2013 T\u01af: I Cor. 1:9; Heb. 11:1-2; I Tes. 5:23; I Phi. 4:19; Eph. 6:21; Col. 4:7; Gal. 5:22).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/faith\/\" >Faith<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Faith and Order&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Tin V\u00e0 M\u1ec7nh L\u1ec7nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n &lt;em&gt;Faith and Order&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0110\u1ee9c Tin v\u00e0 M\u1ec7nh L\u1ec7nh) ra \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh qua L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o; b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u1edf Lausanne (1927), \u1edf Edinburgh (1937), v\u00e0 World Council of Churches (1948). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o nh\u1eb1m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 gia t\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1ec1 sau, &lt;em&gt;Faith and Order&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u1eabn l\u1ea1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/faith-and-order\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/faith-and-order\/\" >Faith and Order<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Faith and Reason&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Tin V\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u00eat qu\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed (18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;). Qua \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 2 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ee9c tin d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n ngoan. Tuy c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch; qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 2 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho nhau, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft Gia Imm. Kant (1724-1804) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd tr\u00ean trong c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 18-20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/faith-and-reason\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/faith-and-reason\/\" >Faith and Reason<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Faith Healing&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Tin Ch\u1eefa L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng\/ qua ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa ban cho, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh\/ tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc hay thu\u1ed1c men. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y Kinh Th\u00e1nh, qua S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gia-c\u01a1 d\u1ea1y &lt;em&gt;\u201cb\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t tay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh anh em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Gia-c\u01a1 5:14) v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m M\u00e1c 16:17. S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y, b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau n\u00e0y trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt;, s\u1ef1 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Nh\u00f3m \u00c2n T\u1ee9 (Charis-matics).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/faith-healing\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/faith-healing\/\" >Faith Healing<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Faith, Confession of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin ri\u00eang ho\u1eb7c chung trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n Confession of Faith (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;) ra \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u (creeds). C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 B\u1ea3n Nicean 325 AD, Ephesus 281, Constantine 245 AD. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt; (Apostle Creed, 525?) v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Ri\u00eang &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft t\u1ea1m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, g\u1ecdn, d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa.\u00a0 Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y b\u1ecb c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, s\u1eed gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec c\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc khe h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u1eafm\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/faith-confession-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/faith-confession-of\/\" >Faith, Confession of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fall, The&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Sa Ng\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a A-\u0111am v\u00e0 E-va \u0111\u00e3 nghe l\u1eddi con r\u1eafn d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u1ea5m trong v\u01b0\u1eddn E-\u0111en, nh\u01b0 trong s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng-th\u1ebf-k\u00fd 3 \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n d\u1eb7n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 sa ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0 H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. (Xem th\u00eam &lt;em&gt;Theology of Fall&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fall-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fall-the\/\" >Fall, The<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;False Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ Gi\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb m\u1ea1o danh \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. V\u00ec khi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft ngo\u00e0i Ch\u00faa Cha tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi (Mat. 24: 5, 24; M\u00e1c 13: 22). Trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, Christ gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai mang danh l\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110CT l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang\/sai, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n b\u1ea3o, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c n\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean thi th\u1ed1\u2026 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa, hay ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa v\u1eady, v.v... Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eebng Tin&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d n\u01a1i h\u1ecd, h\u00e3y t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/false-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/false-christ\/\" >False Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;False Prophet&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u00ean Tri Gi\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00ean tri gi\u1ea3 \u1edf Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc - Ph\u1ee5c 13:1-5. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00ean tri kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sai b\u1ea3o t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c ti\u00ean tri \u0111i sai \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Gi\u00ea. 6:13; 26:7-8; 27:9; X\u00ea. 13:2; Ph\u1ee5c 13:1-5; 18:15-22; Mat. 24:24; Gi\u0103ng 4:1-3), ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1. V\u1ec1 sau, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri kh\u00e1c th\u1eddi l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y qua Assyri v\u00e0 Babylon, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00ean tri gi\u1ea3. Ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho 2 n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eafc It-ra-\u00ean v\u00e0 Nam Giu-\u0111a ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i r\u1eafn l\u00f2ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u00ca- sai, Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi, \u00ca-x\u00ea-chi-\u00ean c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c h\u1ecd v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (Gie. 20; 25; Exe. 15; 22; 31,...), v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang c\u00e1c t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n trong 2 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/false-prophet\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/false-prophet\/\" >False Prophet<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Family of Love&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gia \u0110\u00ecnh T\u00ecnh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, Henry Nicholas v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m mang t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i v\u00ec h\u1ecd tin v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft \u0110a Th\u1ea7n huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/family-of-love\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/family-of-love\/\" >Family of Love<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Family Prayer\/ Worship&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u01b0 Gia, C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n T\u01b0 Gia&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh, hay C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh Gi\u00e1ng L\u00e2m v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt;, trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi Th\u00e1nh Kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/family-prayer-worship\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/family-prayer-worship\/\" >Family Prayer\/ Worship<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Family Values&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Gia \u0110\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng tin ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110a s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin cao v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9), th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/family-values\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/family-values\/\" >Family Values<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Farrar, Frederic William&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Farrar, Frederic William&lt;\/strong&gt; (1831 \u2013 1903).\u00a0 L\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 con m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o s\u0129, sinh ra \u1edf Bombay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc London v\u00e0\u00a0 Cambridge, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm b\u1edfi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a S. T. Coleridge v\u00e0 F. D. Maurice. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1854, v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c (1883) \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Westminster, Anh.&lt;br \/&gt;\nS\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 linh h\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 sau v\u00e0 t\u00edn l\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a &lt;em&gt;\u201cEternal Hope\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1878), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn 18 l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u201c&lt;em&gt;Mercy and Judgment&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1878). \u00a0\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc gia trong ng\u00e0y an t\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Charles Darwin (1882) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n \u1edf Westminster, Abby.\u00a0 Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Life of Christ&lt;\/em&gt; (1876),\u00a0 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 \u00a0quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;Life of Saint Paul&lt;\/em&gt; (1879) \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi b\u00e0 N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Victoria N\u01b0\u1edbc Anh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/farrar-frederic-william\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/farrar-frederic-william\/\" >Farrar, Frederic William<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Farrer, Austin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Farrer, Austin&lt;\/strong&gt; (1904 \u2013 1968). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia. \u00d4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oxford v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m Tuy\u00ean U\u00fd cho \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Trinity College, Oxford (1925 \u2013 1960), Qu\u1ea3n Tr\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Keble College, Oxford (1960 \u2013 1968). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh, s\u00e1ch, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, thi\u00ean h\u1ecdc, gi\u1ea3i kinh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng C. S. Lewis trong 25 n\u0103m. Farrer l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 B\u00e1p-t\u00edt, v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb Anh Gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Farrer, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Gi\u00e1o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch. S\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;The Glass of Vision&lt;\/em&gt;, g\u00f3i tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/farrer-austin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/farrer-austin\/\" >Farrer, Austin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fasting&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ki\u00eang \u0102n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecbn \u0103n. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nh\u1ecbn \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m l\u00f2ng tha thi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ea1ch g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, h\u1ecd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n, h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ho\u1eb7c mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea7u xin m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0 g\u00ec h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng. Xem trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Ti\u00ean Tri \u00ca-li, Vua \u00ca-x\u00ea-chia, Gi\u00f4-na v\u00e0 d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh Ni-ni-ve, v\u00e0 l\u1eddi b\u00e0 \u00ca-x\u01a1-t\u00ea.v.v...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fasting\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fasting\/\" >Fasting<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fate&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ec7nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng danh t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Thuy\u1ebft S\u1ed1 M\u1ec7nh, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 S\u1ed1 R\u0169i Ro, S\u1ef1 R\u0169i Ro, S\u1ef1 K\u00e9m May, n\u00f3i t\u1eaft l\u00e0 C\u00e1i S\u1ed1 M\u1ec7nh. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn, r\u1ee7i ro. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. - &lt;strong&gt;Fatalism &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ec7nh&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;fatalis&lt;\/em&gt;, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t r\u0169i ro, nguy h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 may m\u1eafn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh thuy\u1ebft (&lt;em&gt;predestination&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Tin L\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh.&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh (&lt;em&gt;fate&lt;\/em&gt;) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Stoicism (Socrates). C\u00f2n trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 th\u1ebf (God\u2019s will). Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn qua c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia Osward Spengler, Hebert Spencer, John Stuart Mill v\u00e0 Arthur Schopenhauer.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fate\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fate\/\" >Fate<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Father, God the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Cha&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Cha, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 trong Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Thi\u1ebfu\/ kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh quan y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Cha l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i Th\u1ee9 I trong Ba Ng\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5,\u00a0 c\u00f3 2 t\u1eeb c\u1ea7n xem k\u1ef9: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Cha ch\u00fang ta (God or our Father). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt t\u1eeb v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh \u2013 v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Cha ch\u00fang ta. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sa ng\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. (2) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 C\u1ee5m \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1eeb - \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha (God, The Father), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00f4i I trong Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Cha (Abba, Father) (Mac 14:36; Rom. 8:15; Gal. 4:6) v\u00e0 trong b\u00e0i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n (Mat. 6:9), Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trong Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong s\u1ef1 B\u00e1p-tem, ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 (Gi\u0103ng 16), v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t chung trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau r\u1ed1t Gal. 1:3, Eph. 1:2, Phi. 1:2 v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3i 20; 21. (&lt;em&gt;Xin xem&lt;\/em&gt; gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong m\u1ee5c &lt;em&gt;Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;). &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. - &lt;strong&gt;Father, The Work of&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi, trong m\u00f4n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc th\u00ec di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i bao h\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau: C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ho\u00e0n v\u0169 v\u00e0 mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong m\u00f4n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c qua s\u1ef1 sai ph\u00e1i Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Linh xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf (Rom. 8:28; I Phi. 2:9) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Ng\u00e0i \u0111em mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t trong vinh quang Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (Eph. 1:10) trong ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (Kh\u1ea3i 21).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/father-god-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/father-god-the\/\" >Father, God the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fathers, Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 1-3. N\u00f3i chung, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh sau th\u1eddi c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 khai m\u1edf H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Policarp, Tetullian, Origen, Martin Marty, Jerome...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fathers-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fathers-church\/\" >Fathers, Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fear of God \/ the Lord&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 K\u00ednh S\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u201ck\u00ednh s\u1ee3\u201d ra t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1 &lt;strong&gt;\u05ea\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05e8\u05b8\u05a3\u05d0&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;ti-reh&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u05d9\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u05a5\u05d0&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; (yi-reh) &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;\u201cphobos.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1eeb \u201ck\u00ednh s\u1ee3\u201d \u0110CT, trong Kinh C\u01af ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng g\u1ed1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;\u05d4\u05d9\u05b4\u05e8\u05b0\u05d0\u05b6&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;yi-reh&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;provide&lt;\/em&gt;) \u201cs\u1eafm s\u1eb3n, quan ph\u00f2ng,\u201d nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u1ea7y l\u00e0\u00a0 \u201cth\u1ea5y\u201d. \u00a0T\u1eeb \u201cfear\u201d trong Kinh C\u01af c\u00f3 331 l\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;k\u00ednh s\u1ee3&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d mang nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c, tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ed7, tu\u1ef3 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng cho chu\u1ea9n: l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, kinh khi\u1ebfp, ho\u1ea3ng kinh, khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i cao.\u00a0 V\u00ec l\u00f2ng y\u00eau k\u00ednh Ch\u00faa, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, trong KT C\u01af \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201ck\u00ednh s\u1ee3\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi \u0110CT v\u1eeba k\u00ednh v\u1eeba s\u1ee3\u2026 ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u201ck\u00ednh m\u1ebfn hay kinh y\u00eau\u201d Ch\u00faa (Ph\u1ee5c 6:5 &amp; 13; Lu-ca 10:27).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nNh\u00ecn k\u1ef9, trong KT t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 &lt;em&gt;k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t Adam v\u00e0 \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ecd ra kh\u1ecfi v\u01b0\u1eddn \u00ca-\u0111en. Sau \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua s\u1ef1 d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf (th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng). V\u1ec1 sau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi Ab-ram v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ra l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc Israel. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ab-ram (S\u00e1ng 20:21), c\u1ee7a I-sac (S\u00e1ng 31:42-53), c\u1ee7a Gi\u00f4-s\u00e9p (S\u00e1ng 39:9), v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh trong th\u1eddi M\u00f4i-se v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong Sa-m\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n Israel. Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt v\u00e0 Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb k\u00ednh s\u1ee3: \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi d\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n ngoan&lt;\/em&gt;,..\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d v.v\u2026&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 n\u00e0y: &lt;em&gt;\u201cK\u00ednh Ch\u00faa, y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; L\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o (Lu 10:27; M\u00e1c 10:), trong \u0111\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng &lt;em&gt;\u201ck\u00ednh ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c Ch\u00faa\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Eph. 6), trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nhau &lt;em&gt;\u201cH\u00e3y k\u00ednh Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c nhau.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Eph. 4).&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 K\u00ednh S\u1ee3 \u0110CT l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 Ng\u00e0i, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd mang ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d Nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a \u0110CT cho \u00f4ng Abram \u1edf (S\u00e1ng 12:1-3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fear-of-god-the-lord\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fear-of-god-the-lord\/\" >Fear of God \/ the Lord<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Feasts, Christian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 H\u1ed9i C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai theo C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Tin L\u00e0nh, C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch). C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 g\u1ed3m: L\u1ec5 Gi\u00e1ng Sinh, L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 feasts, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a GHCG La-m\u00e3. V\u1ec1 sau, c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 tr\u00ean ph\u00e1t huy th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c cho r\u1eb1ng, \u00a0&lt;em&gt;\u201cGi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng V\u00f4 Ng\u1ed9,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phi-e-r\u01a1, l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u1eafm gi\u1eef ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c GH cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb sau n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/feasts-christian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/feasts-christian\/\" >Feasts, Christian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Feasts, OT&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng L\u1ec5 H\u1ed9i trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f3 7 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn ch\u00ednh trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-en v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m: &lt;strong&gt;L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua&lt;\/strong&gt; (Ph\u1ee5c 16:16) v\u1edbi &lt;strong&gt;L\u1ec5 B\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng Men&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Passover&lt;\/em&gt;); L\u1ec5 &lt;strong&gt;\u0110\u1ea7u M\u00f9a&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Week of First Fruit&lt;\/em&gt;) (trong th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang, tr\u01b0\u1edbc &lt;strong&gt;L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n, (&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pentacostal&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch D\u00e2n S\u1ed1 K\u00fd 29, c\u00f3 3 l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong th\u00e1ng 7: &lt;strong&gt;L\u1ec5 Th\u1ed5i K\u00e8n&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Feast of Trumpet, Day of Judgement)&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 7, m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ra \u0111\u1ed3ng hoang \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u1ea1i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb). Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 10&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;L\u1ec5 Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i (&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Feast of Sin Offering, Day of Atonement&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;)&lt;\/strong&gt; gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang 5 ng\u00e0y, \u0103n b\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng men, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 15&lt;sup&gt;th &lt;\/sup&gt;l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;L\u1ec5&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;L\u1ec1u T\u1ea1m &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Tent of Meeting&lt;\/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Booths or Tabernacle&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;).&lt;\/strong&gt; D\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ec5 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3. Li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp 7 ng\u00e0y sau, d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang theo l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y. \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 21 trong th\u00e1ng 7, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u00a0h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 k\u1ebft th\u00fac) (Xu\u00e2t 16, 20; Lev. 16-23; D\u00e2n 28-29). L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua trong th\u00e1ng 1 Do Th\u00e1i, nh\u1eb1m Th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 DL, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 7, t\u1ee9c th\u00e1ng 10 DL. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/feasts-ot\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/feasts-ot\/\" >Feasts, OT<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Febronianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Febronius&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c do John Nichplas von Hontheim (Justinus Febronius 1701 \u2013 1790).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/febronianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/febronianism\/\" >Febronianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Federal Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Li\u00ean K\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y do t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Calvin (Ca-vin), kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Adam (hardship) d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u cho to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i \u0110CT ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Covenant Theology&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Giao \u01af\u1edbc).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/federal-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/federal-theology\/\" >Federal Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Feeling, Theology of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean H\u1ecdc C\u1ea3m X\u00fac&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi Tri\u1ebft Gia Friedrich Schleier-macher (1768 \u2013 1834), ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, trung th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a &lt;em&gt;\u201cl\u1ebd th\u1eadt\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a&lt;em&gt; \u201cc\u1ea3m x\u00fac\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(feeling) hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (intuition), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u201ct\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i\u201d v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u00ean &lt;em&gt;\u201cni\u1ec1m tin\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201ch\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;c\u1ee7a l\u00ed tr\u00ed&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt; V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o... \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(modern theology), r\u1ed3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d\u00a0 (liberal theology) sau n\u00e0y trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19-20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/feeling-theology-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/feeling-theology-of\/\" >Feeling, Theology of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fellowship with God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u01b0\u01a1ng Giao V\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Koinonia,&lt;\/em&gt; \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ai hay trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00edn h\u1eefu th\u1eadt trong Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su (I Gi\u0103ng 1:3; Eph 6:1tt; Gal 5:1tt). Qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, trong HT \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y &lt;em&gt;Koinonia&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t keo li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1edbi nhau trong HT v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 HT \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u La-m\u00e3 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Ng\u00e0y nay, trong gi\u1edbi C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ed5 s\u00fay t\u00edn l\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi \u00fd th\u1ee9c tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fellowship-with-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fellowship-with-god\/\" >Fellowship with God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Feminism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a N\u1eef Quy\u1ec1n&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u1eef gi\u1edbi trong m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Trong nh\u1eefng quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1i n\u1eef nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 khinh mi\u1ec7t n\u1eef y\u1ebfu, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, gi\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1i, c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 thi\u1ebfu x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng... &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. - &lt;strong&gt;Feminist(s)&lt;\/strong&gt;, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1i n\u1eef nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. - &lt;strong&gt;Feminist Theologies&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc N\u1eef Quy\u1ec1n)&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eef gi\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u1eef gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u2013 R\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c, ph\u00e1i n\u1eef c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n nam trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/feminism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/feminism\/\" >Feminism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fiat Creationism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ec9nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t cao \u0111\u1ec9nh, b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c th\u00ec do \u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ngh\u1ecbch\/ ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn hay ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ec9nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c th\u00ec b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fiat-creationism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fiat-creationism\/\" >Fiat Creationism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fideism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ec9 B\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;G\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;pistol&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin &lt;em&gt;fides.&lt;\/em&gt; Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn l\u00ed \u2013 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1eadn l\u00ed r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u\/ tin. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Menego, Sabatier \u1edf Ph\u00e1p. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Luther, Kier-kegaard, Van Til, Schleier-macher v\u00e0 K. Barth (Rom 10:17). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 &lt;em&gt;Historical Faith&lt;\/em&gt; (fides historica) (\u0111\u1ee9c tin d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh); v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;faith seeking understanding&lt;\/em&gt; (fides quaerens intellectum) hay l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;faith preceding the intellect&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ed lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft). T\u1eeb sau n\u00e0y do Th\u00e1nh Augustine (354 \u2013 430) v\u00e0 Anselm (c. 1033 \u2013 1109) trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc - tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 L\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4n ngoan, th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fideism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fideism\/\" >Fideism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fifth Monarchy Men&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c Qu\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh Gi\u00e1o thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00ec h\u1ecd tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y do l\u1eddi Ti\u00ean Tri \u0110a-ni-\u00ean n\u00f3i ti\u00ean tri v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, sau: Assyria, Persia (Babylon), Hy-l\u1ea1p, La-m\u00e3, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i Ng\u00f4i N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1edf Anh v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 1567 \u0111\u1ebfn 1661.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fifth-monarchy-men\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fifth-monarchy-men\/\" >Fifth Monarchy Men<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Filioque&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Filial, Con \u0110\u1ed9c Nh\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;filius &lt;\/em&gt;(son). Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft &lt;em&gt;filioque&lt;\/em&gt; \u201ct\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con\u201d, l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft Ba Ng\u00f4i \u2013 b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Nicene Constantinopolitan Creed (381), v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u1edf Toledo (589), v\u00ec h\u1ecd thay v\u00e0o \u201c&lt;em&gt;gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d: \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ra t\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;v\u00e0 t\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con. Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1ecb) \u0110i\u1ec7p Sinh&lt;\/em&gt; (double proceed) trong Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (&lt;em&gt;Eastern Orthodox Church&lt;\/em&gt;) kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb, thay v\u00ec: \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ra b\u1edfi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;v\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;\/strong&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng La-m\u00e3 (1054), v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh Gi\u0103ng 15:26, Rom 8:9, Gal 4:6. Cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb &lt;em&gt;\u201c&lt;strong&gt;from&lt;\/strong&gt; the Father &lt;strong&gt;through&lt;\/strong&gt; the Son\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ra t\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;qua&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;\/strong&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 (1439, Florence). (in Engl. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;from both&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; the Father &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;and&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; the Son or \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;through the son&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (E); &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;from&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; the Father &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;and from&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; the son (W)).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/filioque\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/filioque\/\" >Filioque<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Finalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft T\u1eadn Chung&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y chung cu\u1ed9c. \u00a0Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft &lt;em&gt;Teleology (Th\u1ebf M\u1ea1c H\u1ecdc)&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/finalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/finalism\/\" >Finalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;First Cause&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nguy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tri\u1ebft Thuy\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi (hay l\u00e0 c\u1edb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean) cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi) l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Nguy\u00ean C\u1edb \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 phi nguy\u00ean c\u1edb (the uncause being), hay phi h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/first-cause\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/first-cause\/\" >First Cause<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;First Move&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean\/ Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u1ed9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp trong thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc do Th\u00e1nh Thomas Aquina (1225 \u2013 1274). \u00d4ng lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Nguy\u00ean C\u1edb (&lt;em&gt;First Cause) v\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u1ed9ng (Frist Move, Prime Move)&lt;\/em&gt;. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch) theo s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;First Born of All&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Creation&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Con \u0110\u1ea7u C\u1ee7a M\u1ecdi T\u1ea1o V\u1eadt, Con \u0110\u1ea7u C\u1ee7a Mu\u00f4n V\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su Christ l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (Col. 1:18; Khai 1:5). Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;First Fruit&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea7u M\u00f9a&lt;\/em&gt;), n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phao-l\u00f4 \u1edf I Co-rinh-t\u00f4 15:20 - 23.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/first-move\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/first-move\/\" >First Move<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fish&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Con C\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;ichthys&lt;\/em&gt;. L\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ, trong h\u00ecnh con c\u00e1 (h\u00ecnh alpha). Trong t\u1eeb Jesus (&lt;em&gt;Iosous&lt;\/em&gt;), l\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho 5 ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c l\u00e0: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Iesous&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (Jesus Christos, Christ of God), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ouios&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (Son), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Soter&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (Savior). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, &lt;em&gt;Jesus Christ, Son of God, Savior&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fish\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fish\/\" >Fish<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Five Articles of Arminianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;5 \u0110i\u1ec3m G\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Arminius&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;5 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Arminius l\u00e0&lt;em&gt;: Ch\u1ecdn L\u1ef1a \u2013 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft do \u0111\u1ee9c tin &lt;\/em&gt;(Election based on divine foreknowledge of faith); &lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c Ho\u00e0n V\u0169&lt;\/em&gt; (Universal Atonement); &lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i B\u1edfi Duy \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt; (Salvation Only by Grace); &lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n C\u1ea7n Thi\u1ebft Nh\u01b0ng C\u00f3 Th\u1ec3 Kh\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt; (Grace as Necessary but not Irresistable); &lt;em&gt;C\u00f3 Th\u1ec3 M\u1ea5t S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt; (Posibility of\u00a0 Falling from Grace)&lt;em&gt;,&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Calvin g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Tulip, &lt;\/strong&gt;b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef c\u00e1i nh\u01b0 sau: (1) &lt;strong&gt;T&lt;\/strong&gt;otal Depravity (&lt;em&gt;Ho\u00e0n To\u00e0n B\u1ea5t L\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;), (2) &lt;strong&gt;U&lt;\/strong&gt;nconditional Election &lt;em&gt;(S\u1ef1 L\u1ef1a Ch\u1ecdn V\u00f4 \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;), (3) &lt;strong&gt;L&lt;\/strong&gt;imited Atonement (&lt;em&gt;Giao \u01af\u1edbc Gi\u1edbi H\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;), (4) &lt;strong&gt;I&lt;\/strong&gt;rresistible grace (&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 Kh\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1eeb),&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 (5) the &lt;strong&gt;P&lt;\/strong&gt;erseverance of the Saints (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u1ea3o T\u1ed3n C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;) (or &lt;strong&gt;P&lt;\/strong&gt;riesthood of all Believers \u2013 (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadn Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf C\u1ee7a T\u00edn H\u1eefu &lt;\/em&gt;or&lt;em&gt; Ph\u1eadn T\u1ebf T\u00edn H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u1edf Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1eadn Dort (&lt;em&gt;Synod of Dort&lt;\/em&gt;, 1618 \u2013 1619).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/five-articles-of-arminianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/five-articles-of-arminianism\/\" >Five Articles of Arminianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Five Ways of the Proof of God\u2019s Existence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;5 \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u0103n G\u1ed1c V\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n g\u1ed1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd bi\u1ec7n minh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi do Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia Thomas Aquinas (1225 \u2013 1274). Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 5 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3: (1) &lt;em&gt;on to logical&lt;\/em&gt; (b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t) &lt;em&gt;being-is-being&lt;\/em&gt; (h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3). (2) &lt;em&gt;Cosmological &lt;\/em&gt;(v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan) &lt;em&gt;being-is not-nonbeing&lt;\/em&gt; (h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 phi h\u1eefu th\u1ec3), (3) &lt;em&gt;moral &lt;\/em&gt;(lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c) &lt;em&gt;either being or no-being&lt;\/em&gt; (ho\u1eb7c h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 hay phi h\u1eefu th\u1ec3), (4) &lt;em&gt;causal &lt;\/em&gt;(nguy\u00ean c\u1edb). &lt;em&gt;Non being cannot cause &lt;\/em&gt;(product)&lt;em&gt; being &lt;\/em&gt;(phi h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh ra h\u1eefu th\u1ec3), v\u00e0 (5) &lt;em&gt;Teleological&lt;\/em&gt; (c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch) &lt;em&gt;every being acts toward an end&lt;\/em&gt; (m\u1ecdi h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i). M\u1ed9t \u00fd kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i theo ngh\u0129a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ed1c bi\u1ec7n minh h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/five-ways-of-the-proof-of-gods-existence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/five-ways-of-the-proof-of-gods-existence\/\" >Five Ways of the Proof of God\u2019s Existence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Five Wounds of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;5 &lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ed7 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00edch C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 5 ch\u1ed7 Ch\u00faa Jesus b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch khi b\u1ecb treo tr\u00ean c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1: 2 d\u1ea5u l\u1ed7 \u0111inh \u1edf tay, 2 d\u1ea5u \u0111inh ch\u00e2n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e2m h\u00f4ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/five-wounds-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/five-wounds-of-christ\/\" >Five Wounds of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Flacius, Matthius&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Flacius, Matthius&lt;\/strong&gt; (1520 \u2013 1575). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Lutheran. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o &lt;em&gt;Adriatic &lt;\/em&gt;thu\u1ed9c x\u1ee9 &lt;em&gt;Istria&lt;\/em&gt;. \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Venice (1536 \u2013 1539) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Basel, Tubingen v\u00e0 Wittenberg. Trong khi h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 theo t\u00edn l\u00ed Tin L\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 chuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1 (1544), Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Aristotle v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh. V\u1ec1 sau, \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ecfi. \u00d4ng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed dung h\u00f2a v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201ctrue Lutheran\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Luther th\u1eadt). V\u1ec1 sau, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7m v\u00ec s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tranh bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (1561). S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Claris&lt;\/em&gt; (Gi\u1ea3i Kinh), &lt;em&gt;Magdeburg Centuries&lt;\/em&gt; (L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh), d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 13 quy\u1ec3n l\u1edbn, trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1308. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Sa-tan tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Annals Ecclesiastia&lt;\/em&gt; (1588 \u2013 1607).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/flacius-matthius\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/flacius-matthius\/\" >Flacius, Matthius<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Flesh&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;X\u00e1c Th\u1ecbt, X\u00e1c Th\u1ec3, X\u00e1c D\u1ee5c, B\u1ea3n X\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;basa&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;sarx&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh. T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (1925) l\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hay x\u00e1c d\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;flesh&lt;\/em&gt; (x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt) \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;\u201csoul\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;\u201cspirit\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (linh h\u1ed3n hay tinh th\u1ea7n). Tuy nhi\u00ean trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;flesh&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i xa c\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u00e2n x\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, \u201c&lt;em&gt;ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u00f3 \u00fd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1eeb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;b\u1ea3n x\u00e1c\/&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;x\u00e1c th\u1ec3\/ x\u00e1c d\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt; (Rom. 8:4-8; Gal. 5:1-16; Eph. 2:11; I Cor. 1:26; Phil. 1:22-24).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/flesh\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/flesh\/\" >Flesh<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Flood, the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u01a1n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed3ng Th\u1ee7y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u01a1n l\u1ee5t l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda cho to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi N\u00f4-\u00ea. Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i \u0111i m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft \u2013 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1eddi N\u00f4-\u00ea cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi (S\u00e1ng 6-8). Theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh, \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb. Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 di t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e3nh v\u00e1n t\u00e0u t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf n\u00fai A-pha-r\u00e1t, kho\u1ea3ng 2,500 BC. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef &lt;em&gt;\u201cearth\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t) &lt;em&gt;\u201cworld\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 to\u00e0n x\u1ee9 (all country) - \u00a0nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Meso-potamia \u2013 n\u01a1i khai sinh ra lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/flood-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/flood-the\/\" >Flood, the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Florence, Council of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Florence, Council&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;of &lt;\/strong&gt;(1438 \u2013 1445). Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u Florence \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1438 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1445, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa 2 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3) ho\u1eb7c (Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La-tin) v\u00ec b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn qua t\u00edn l\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;Filioque):&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ra t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;thay v\u00ec \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh &lt;em&gt;ra t\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha &lt;em&gt;v\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt; Con.\u201d Trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y qui t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Hilary, Jerome, Ambrose, Augustine, Epiphanius v\u00e0 Cyril of Alexandria th\u00ec chung m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00f2n Theodore of Mopsuestia v\u00e0 Theodoret th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cappadocians \u0111\u00e3 dung h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ra t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (proceed &lt;em&gt;from&lt;\/em&gt; the Father &lt;em&gt;through&lt;\/em&gt; the Son). Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o; r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd c\u00f2n m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/florence-council-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/florence-council-of\/\" >Florence, Council of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Folklore&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u0103n H\u00f3a Truy\u1ec1n Kh\u1ea9u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c William Tom (1846) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi c\u1ed5. N\u00f3i chung, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi\/ mi\u1ec7ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng v\u0103n t\u1ef1, qua s\u1ef1 giao d\u1ecbch, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i... Nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/folklore\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/folklore\/\" >Folklore<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Font, Baptismal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem R\u1ea3y N\u01b0\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;\u201cfons\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (spring of water). L\u00e0 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem theo c\u00e1ch r\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc thay v\u00ec nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1ec5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u2013 d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ef1ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n c\u1eeda ch\u00ednh, hay n\u01a1i c\u1eed l\u1ec5, hay n\u01a1i b\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng, d\u00f9ng tay nh\u00fam v\u00e0o v\u00e0 r\u1ea3y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u (hay vai) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu l\u1ec5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem, trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 trong vai Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 Luther hay Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, Anh Gi\u00e1o v.v...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/font-baptismal\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/font-baptismal\/\" >Font, Baptismal<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Foot Washing&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 R\u1eeda Ch\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi \u1edf Gi\u0103ng 13:14tt. T\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n cho kh\u00e1ch khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Jesus l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, th\u00ec t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t L\u1ec5 R\u1eeda Ch\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Monday, Thursday, khi gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n cho 13 th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf (hay 13 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o). C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u1ec5 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. Ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi trong c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Tin L\u00e0nh C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang r\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/foot-washing\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/foot-washing\/\" >Foot Washing<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Forensic Act&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vi\u1ec7c Tuy\u00ean \u00c1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean \u00e1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh trong thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 &lt;em&gt;\u201cS\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; cho t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n ngay khi h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qua s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/forensic-act\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/forensic-act\/\" >Forensic Act<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Form&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u00ecnh Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;form&lt;\/em&gt; thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy-l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Plato (ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Eidos&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin &lt;em&gt;Forma&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d (idea) kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;\u201cc\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (matter) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia. V\u1ec1 sau, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Aristotle cho l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 &lt;em&gt;matter&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;form&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1eadt (&lt;em&gt;substance&lt;\/em&gt;) m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3. C\u00f2n Plato, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;form&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;\u201cv\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.\u201d &lt;strong&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh&lt;\/u&gt;. -&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Form Criticism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00ea B\u00ecnh H\u00ecnh Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;). Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, ban \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Th\u00e1nh Kinh qua c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u01a1 ph\u00fa, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i,.. d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed (prehistory) v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u hay v\u0103n t\u1ef1 (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;sitz im leben \u2013 setting in life&lt;\/em&gt;). S\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u n\u1ed9i dung \u2013 &lt;em&gt;contents&lt;\/em&gt; ) \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, th\u1eddi gian, s\u1ef1 ghi ch\u00e9p. T\u1ea1o l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho n\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi Th\u00e1nh Kinh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn nay. (Ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c: &lt;em&gt;Formgeschichtliche&lt;\/em&gt;). - &lt;strong&gt;Forma-lism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Theo H\u00ecnh Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, nghi l\u1ec5 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong t\u00e2m linh. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra ngo\u00e0i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/form\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/form\/\" >Form<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Former Prophet&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec1n Ti\u00ean Tri&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;trong Kinh C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00eab-r\u01a1, g\u1ecdi 4 s\u00e1ch Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea, C\u00e1c Quan-X\u00e9t, Sa-mu-\u00ean, v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Vua.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/former-prophet\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/former-prophet\/\" >Former Prophet<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fornication&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i T\u00e0 D\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;porneia&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin &lt;em&gt;fornicatio&lt;\/em&gt;. L\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi nhau b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p gi\u1eefa 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1i ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft h\u00f4n. Th\u00e1nh Kinh cho \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i t\u00e0 d\u00e2m (I Cor. 6:13; 18; Gal. 5:19; Eph. 5:3; I Tes. 4:3). \u0110\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong Anh Ng\u1eef c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;adultery&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;adultery&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fornication\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fornication\/\" >Fornication<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Foundational Selection&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 L\u1ef1a Ch\u1ecdn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;fundamentum electionis&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch do c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi) l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia Arminius tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Jesus Christ l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i. T\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Tin C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n cho s\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i l\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su (&lt;em&gt;foundational faith&lt;\/em&gt;). &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;Foundational Theology&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh, L\u1ecbch S\u1eed, \u0110\u1ea1o L\u00ed, H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o \u2013 c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o T\u00e2m Linh. &lt;strong&gt;Foundationalism &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n Lu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/foundational-selection\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/foundational-selection\/\" >Foundational Selection<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Four Causes&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed1n Nguy\u00ean C\u1edb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Bao g\u1ed3m 4 nguy\u00ean c\u1edb c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt do Aristotle (384 \u2013 322 BC) ghi nh\u1eadn: v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;matterial&lt;\/em&gt;), h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh (&lt;em&gt;formal&lt;\/em&gt;), k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 (&lt;em&gt;efficient&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng (&lt;em&gt;final&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean c\u1edb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Thomas Aquanius (1225 \u2013 1274) d\u00f9ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110CT ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean C\u1edb Ti\u00ean Kh\u1edfi (&lt;em&gt;First Cause&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/four-causes\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/four-causes\/\" >Four Causes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fourfold Sense of Scripture&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chi\u1ec1u K\u00edch B\u1ed1n M\u1eb7t Di\u1ec5n Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f3 4 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Kinh: ngh\u0129a \u0111en (&lt;em&gt;literally&lt;\/em&gt;), lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (&lt;em&gt;morally&lt;\/em&gt;), \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 (&lt;em&gt;allego-rically&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i (&lt;em&gt;anago-gically&lt;\/em&gt;). Khi lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qua 4 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fourfold-sense-of-scripture\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fourfold-sense-of-scripture\/\" >Fourfold Sense of Scripture<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Franciscan Order&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt L\u1ec7 C\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng Francis&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0(Rule of St. Francis).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ea3 2 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb do Th\u00e1nh Francis of Assis (1181\/2 \u2013 1226), xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Francis. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng s\u0103n s\u00f3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi quy t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o (&lt;em&gt;order&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Honorius III (1223) ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ed1ng theo m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su khi Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i, g\u00f3a b\u1ee5a.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/franciscan-order\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/franciscan-order\/\" >Franciscan Order<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Free Choice&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 L\u1ef1a Ch\u1ecdn T\u1ef1 Do&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;free choice&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111i song song v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;free will&lt;\/em&gt;. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n cao nh\u1ea5t \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 nguy\u00ean ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. (1) M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. (2) M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i tr\u00e1i \u00fd Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00fac m\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1ebfn Quy\u1ec1n N\u0103ng, C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 L\u00f2ng Y\u00eau Th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Free Church&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u1ef1 Do&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i (h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh) \u1edf Anh n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng chung trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o theo c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp (&lt;em&gt;independent church&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;nonconformist&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00eam (kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/free-choice\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/free-choice\/\" >Free Choice<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Free Thinker&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Gia T\u1ef1 Do&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00e1o tr\u00e1ch tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00ed lu\u1eadn nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng hay s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh Kinh. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai Ch\u1ed1ng Cr\u00edt-nh\u00e2n (anti-Christian).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/free-thinker\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/free-thinker\/\" >Free Thinker<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Freedom, Christian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u1ef1 Do c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u0103n b\u1ea3n qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 qua d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u2013 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 T\u1ef1 Do Cr\u00edt- nh\u00e2n \u2013 S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng v\u00e0 S\u0110 Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf t\u00edn l\u00ed s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (Gi\u0103ng 8:36; Rom. 6:1tt, 18 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n s\u00e1ch Ga-la-ti # 5:1tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/freedom-christian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/freedom-christian\/\" >Freedom, Christian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Freer Login&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea7n Ph\u1ee5 L\u1ee5c Freer Login&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ph\u1ea7n th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u1edf M\u00e1c 16:14tt (NRSV, &lt;em&gt;Margin&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Freer Login&lt;\/em&gt;. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong B\u1ea3n Th\u1ee7 Kinh Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; (Codex Greek, Kinh vi\u1ebft tay).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/freer-login\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/freer-login\/\" >Freer Login<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Freewill Offering&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ef1 &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nguy\u1ec7n &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u00e2ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; Hi\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;, &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ea1c Hi\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1 \u01a1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i ban b\u1ed1 cho D\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean (L\u00ea 22:17tt) (ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n d\u00e2ng) trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111i trong sa m\u1ea1c Si-nai. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a nguy\u1ec7n d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn chung cho Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/freewill-offering\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/freewill-offering\/\" >Freewill Offering<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Friends, Society of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i Anh Em&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng anh em trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Quakers, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, \u1edf Anh do l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o George Fox (1624 \u2013 1691). (Xem th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf m\u1ee5c Quakers).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/friends-society-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/friends-society-of\/\" >Friends, Society of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Frontier Religion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; Ti\u00ean Phong&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa trong kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1790 \u2013 1890. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111a ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Baptist v\u00e0 Methodist ti\u00ean phong ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u0111i b\u1ed9, c\u1edfi ng\u1ef1a, l\u1eadp tr\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3ng Tin L\u00e0nh l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n s\u00e2u, mi\u1ec1n xa, tr\u00ean n\u00fai cao.v.v... \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o t\u1ea1o &lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng L\u1edbn Th\u1ee9 II&lt;\/em&gt; \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 (Great Awakening II). Nh\u1edd h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 Mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Hoa-k\u1ef3 trong cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th &lt;\/sup&gt;qua \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/frontier-religion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/frontier-religion\/\" >Frontier Religion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fruits of the Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng trong \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh s\u1ebd sinh ra 9 Tr\u00e1i nh\u01b0 \u1edf Ga-la-ti 5:22.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fruits-of-the-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fruits-of-the-spirit\/\" >Fruits of the Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fullness of Time&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e3 Tr\u1ecdn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;pleroma tou chronou&lt;\/em&gt; tr\u00edch t\u1eeb Ga-la-ti 4:4 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Ch\u00faa Jesus ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea7n gian \u2013 S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;incarnation&lt;\/em&gt;) g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u1edf Bet-le-hem. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o \u00fd v\u00e0 th\u00ec gi\u1edd m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fullness-of-time\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fullness-of-time\/\" >Fullness of Time<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Functional Subordination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thu\u1eadn Ph\u1ee5c Ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c trong l\u1ebd thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc Ba Ng\u00f4i. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m\/ thi h\u00e0nh theo ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2013 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i - ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft; v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u1ea3o T\u1ed3n - ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i L\u1ecbch S\u1eed C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t C\u01a1-r\u00edt nh\u00e2n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/functional-subordination\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/functional-subordination\/\" >Functional Subordination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Functionalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Ch\u1ee9c N\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb trong m\u00f4n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. L\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u duy tr\u00ec ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong s\u1ef1 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/functionalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/functionalism\/\" >Functionalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fundamental Articles&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb trong m\u00f4n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u2013 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00edn l\u00ed. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf trong s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Fundamental Theology&lt;\/em&gt;, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi GH C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fundamental-articles\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fundamental-articles\/\" >Fundamental Articles<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fundamentalism, The&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fundamentalists &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Gia, &lt;\/em&gt;hay l\u00e0&lt;em&gt; Nh\u1eefng Th\u1ee9c Gi\u1ea3 C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;). Ngay sau khi Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 I, \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed t\u1ef1 do kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i Ni\u1ec1m Tin C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh Thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay (Evanglicals) \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin h\u1ea7u ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed t\u1ef1 do \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ph\u00e1t huy ni\u1ec1m tin truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Darwin v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra t\u1eeb con v\u01b0\u1ee3n Apes. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn: (1) S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, (2) S\u1ef1 nguy\u00ean sinh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, (3) S\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i thay cho t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, (4) S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, v\u00e0 (5) S\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Ngo\u00e0i 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean, ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Th\u00e2n V\u1ecb v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, s\u1eed t\u00ednh th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 Th\u1ea5t B\u1ea1i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Tin\u2026\u00a0 Do \u0111\u00f3, Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, tuy c\u00f3 v\u00e0i sai bi\u1ec7t con s\u1ed1 n\u0103m th\u00e1ng. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus Christ l\u00e0 Con M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n! Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1920\u2019s \u2013 1930\u2019s. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u1ee9ng Nh\u00e2n Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va 1930\u2019s \u2013 1940\u2019s v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i M\u1ea1c-m\u00f4n.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTuy nhi\u00ean,\u00a0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 (&lt;em&gt;fundamentalists) &lt;\/em&gt;\u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay,\u00a0 nh\u01b0 Southern Baptist Conven-tion, Presbyterian, Metho-dist, v\u00e0 Episcopal .etc\u2026 \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong kho\u1ea3ng 1970\u2019s \u2013 1990\u2019s, nh\u1eefng\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;fundamen-talists&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111i v\u00e0o trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. Ng\u00e0y nay, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Kit-t\u00f4 nh\u00e2n (&lt;em&gt;Christians&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat sai l\u1ea7m (&lt;em&gt;inerrant or infallible&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103n th\u1eb3ng trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;fundamentalist&lt;\/em&gt; (c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1i) c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;modernist&lt;\/em&gt; (hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1i), &lt;em&gt;liberal &lt;\/em&gt;(t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1i) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;moderate&lt;\/em&gt; (dung h\u00f2a ph\u00e1i). T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ni\u1ec1m tin g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;conservatives, neo-funda-mentalists&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;evangelicals&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fundamentalism-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fundamentalism-the\/\" >Fundamentalism, The<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Fundamentalists&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Gia, &lt;\/em&gt;hay l\u00e0&lt;em&gt; Nh\u1eefng Th\u1ee9c Gi\u1ea3 C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ngay sau khi Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 I, \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed t\u1ef1 do kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i Ni\u1ec1m Tin C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh Thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay (Evanglicals) \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin h\u1ea7u ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed t\u1ef1 do \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ph\u00e1t huy ni\u1ec1m tin truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Darwin v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra t\u1eeb con v\u01b0\u1ee3n Apes. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn: (1) S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, (2) S\u1ef1 nguy\u00ean sinh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, (3) S\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i thay cho t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, (4) S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, v\u00e0 (5) S\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Ngo\u00e0i 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean, ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Th\u00e2n V\u1ecb v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, s\u1eed t\u00ednh th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 Th\u1ea5t B\u1ea1i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Tin\u2026\u00a0 Do \u0111\u00f3, Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, tuy c\u00f3 v\u00e0i sai bi\u1ec7t con s\u1ed1 n\u0103m th\u00e1ng. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus Christ l\u00e0 Con M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n! Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1920\u2019s \u2013 1930\u2019s. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u1ee9ng Nh\u00e2n Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va 1930\u2019s \u2013 1940\u2019s v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i M\u1ea1c-m\u00f4n.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTuy nhi\u00ean,\u00a0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 (&lt;em&gt;fundamentalists) &lt;\/em&gt;\u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay,\u00a0 nh\u01b0 Southern Baptist Conven-tion, Presbyterian, Metho-dist, v\u00e0 Episcopal .etc\u2026 \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong kho\u1ea3ng 1970\u2019s \u2013 1990\u2019s, nh\u1eefng\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;fundamen-talists&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111i v\u00e0o trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. Ng\u00e0y nay, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Kit-t\u00f4 nh\u00e2n (&lt;em&gt;Christians&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat sai l\u1ea7m (&lt;em&gt;inerrant or infallible&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103n th\u1eb3ng trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;fundamentalist&lt;\/em&gt; (c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1i) c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;modernist&lt;\/em&gt; (hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1i), &lt;em&gt;liberal &lt;\/em&gt;(t\u1ef1 do ph\u00e1i) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;moderate&lt;\/em&gt; (dung h\u00f2a ph\u00e1i). T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ni\u1ec1m tin g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;conservatives, neo-funda-mentalists&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;evangelicals&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fundamentalists\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/fundamentalists\/\" >Fundamentalists<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Futurism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft T\u01b0\u01a1ng Lai&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai qua s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri, s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i (hay l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 v\u00e0 Gi\u0103ng ghi l\u1ea1i \u2013 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh, cao c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean ch\u1ed1n v\u0129nh c\u1eedu (II Cor. 5:8; Phil. 2:23; I Tes. 4:13; Heb. 11:13; Kh\u1ea3i 20; 21).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/futurism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/futurism\/\" >Futurism<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-g mix\" data-filter-base=\"g\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">G<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gallian Articles, The Four&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n B\u1ed1n Gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt Gallian, 1682&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n do H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4 Paris, th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1682. N\u1ed9i dung t\u00f4n\/\u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, vua, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng cao c\u1ea3 trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng cao c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 4 \u0111i\u1ec3m ghi t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn: (1) Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c vua v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. (2) Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng chung c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Constance 1414 \u2013 1418 \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. (3) Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 nghi, gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 (4) d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ni\u1ec1m tin, nh\u1eefng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd thu\u1eadn (consent) c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Chung (H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1ed3ng Y). C\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. K\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c, B\u1ea3n 4 Gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt Gallian \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vua King Louis XIV kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1693, cho d\u00f9, Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Alexandria mu\u1ed1n vua b\u00e3i b\u1ecf.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gallianism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Gallian&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb Gallianism n\u00f3i l\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. C\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n vua.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gallian-articles-the-four\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gallian-articles-the-four\/\" >Gallian Articles, The Four<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gallican Confession (1559)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin,1559&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (Protestant) Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Calvin\u2019s Geneva Council (&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Calvin \u1edf Geneva&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gallic Confession, 1559, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Ph\u00e1p Francis II ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, 1560. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft r\u00f5 trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn 3 b\u1ea3n &lt;em&gt;T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u&lt;\/em&gt; (Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin): &lt;em&gt;T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Nicene 325&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Athanasian&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;. V\u1ec1 sau, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n y l\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb La Rochelle Synod (1571), v\u00e0 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gallican-confession-1559\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gallican-confession-1559\/\" >Gallican Confession (1559)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gap Theory&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Kho\u1ea3ng C\u00e1ch Tr\u1ed1ng Kh\u00f4ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n gi\u1eefa S\u00e1ng 1:2 v\u00e0 1:3. \u0110\u1ecdc k\u1ef7, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e2u 2 v\u00e0 3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn 6 ng\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd ghi lai. K\u1ef3 th\u1eadt, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o tranh lu\u1eadn trong ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 1643 do Epicopius (d.1643) l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Netherland. To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf Anh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o. N\u1ed5i b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n &lt;em&gt;Scofield Reference Bible&lt;\/em&gt;. Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i suy lu\u1eadn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u2013 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian trong n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gap-theory\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gap-theory\/\" >Gap Theory<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gaps, God of the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi C\u1ee7a Nh\u1eefng Kho\u1ea3ng C\u00e1ch Tr\u1ed1ng Kh\u00f4ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng t\u1ec9 t\u1ec9 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4n sao tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng. Cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed cao si\u00eau c\u1edf n\u00e0o (g\u1ecdi theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc agnosticism\u2026). Do \u0111\u00f3, trong m\u00f4n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o g\u1ecdi &lt;em&gt;\u201cGod of the Gaps\u201d,&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng b\u1ebf t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. Song song v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;the Gaps in Human Knowledge&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Nh\u1eefng Kho\u1ea3ng C\u00e1ch Tr\u1ed1ng Kh\u00f4ng Trong Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c Nh\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gaps-god-of-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gaps-god-of-the\/\" >Gaps, God of the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gehenna&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2m Ph\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00f3 2 t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn sau khi ch\u1ebft. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Gehenna&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0 do ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;ge\u2019hinnom&lt;\/em&gt;, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ee7ng &lt;em&gt;Hinnom&lt;\/em&gt; ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh Jerusalem. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed5 r\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t r\u00e1c c\u00f3 l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y b\u1eebng b\u1eebng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ecfa Ng\u1ee5c. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Hades&lt;\/em&gt; d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;\u201cSheol\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Mat. 11:23; Lu-ca 10:15; 16:23).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gehenna\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gehenna\/\" >Gehenna<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gelassenheit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u1ea7m T\u1ec9nh, \u0110i\u1ec1m T\u1ec9nh, Y\u00ean T\u1ec9nh Trong Su\u1ed1t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ng\u1eef &lt;em&gt;Gelassenheit&lt;\/em&gt; nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c (Ger. &lt;em&gt;\u201cCalmness\u201d \u201cTranquillity\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;)\u00a0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ng\u1ea3 (Truy\u1ec1n 10:4). T\u1eeb c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Martin Luther (1483 \u2013 1546) v\u00e0 Anabaptist.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gelassenheit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gelassenheit\/\" >Gelassenheit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;General Assembly&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp chung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o\/M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn qu\u00ed v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 general chapter l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt\/ Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/general-assembly\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/general-assembly\/\" >General Assembly<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;General Conference&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i\u00a0 T\u1ed5ng Li\u00ean H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00fd Th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i c\u1ee9 4 n\u0103m 1 l\u1ea7n, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chung.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/general-conference\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/general-conference\/\" >General Conference<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;General Confession&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng T\u1ed9i Chung&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n chung c\u00f4ng x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i do h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;Book of Common Prayer&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/general-confession\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/general-confession\/\" >General Confession<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;General Judgement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 \u0110o\u00e1n Ph\u1ea1t To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t sau c\u00f9ng, song song v\u1edbi c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;General Redemption&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n) cho nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Eschatology&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/general-judgement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/general-judgement\/\" >General Judgement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;General Revelation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb Chung&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;natural revelation&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00fa v\u1ecb qua su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n g\u1ed1c lui v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb t\u1eeb khi s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i qua: (1) T\u1eaft g\u1ecdn, \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, \u00fd ch\u00ed, v\u00e0 (2) \u00dd th\u1ee9c ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5. Hai \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean song \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/general-revelation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/general-revelation\/\" >General Revelation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;General Revelation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Minh Kh\u1ea3i T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb chung qua thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (Thi 19; Rom. 1:19tt). C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, n\u1ebfu qua thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7m bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng?&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/general-revelation-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/general-revelation-2\/\" >General Revelation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;General Superintendent&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb d\u00e0nh cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 cao nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i Tin L\u00e0nh C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng &lt;em&gt;President of General Conven-tion&lt;\/em&gt;. C\u1ea5p k\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;District Superin-tentdent&lt;\/em&gt; (Gi\u00e1o H\u1ea1t Tr\u01b0\u1edfng). &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;General Synod&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb d\u00e0nh cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/general-superintendent\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/general-superintendent\/\" >General Superintendent<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Geneva Bible (1560)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Geneva, 1560&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh Ti\u1ebfng Anh s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Tin L\u00e0nh n\u00f3i chung do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh Gi\u00e1o Anh v\u00e0 \u00c1i-nh\u0129-lan \u1edf Geneva (Th\u1ee5y S\u0129). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n kinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u, l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u00ean l\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch, nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch TK Breeches Bible&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/geneva-bible-1560\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/geneva-bible-1560\/\" >Geneva Bible (1560)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Geneva Catechism (1588)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu Geneva, Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Y\u1ebfu Ch\u1ec9 Geneva&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Gennevan Catechism&lt;\/em&gt;. L\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, y\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3c (d\u00e0nh d\u1ea1y cho nh\u1eefng ai m\u1edbi nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o hay m\u1edbi tin Ch\u00faa) - s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y do John Calvin (1509 \u2013 1564)\u00a0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u1edf Ph\u00e1p (1537) v\u00e0 \u1edf La-tin (1538) n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Instruction and Confession of Faith Acccording to the Use of the Church of Geneva&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Nh\u1edd s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ec1m Tin v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. S\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m 38 ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ee9c tin, \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, lu\u1eadt Ch\u00faa, lu\u1eadt b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh, v.v\u2026 S\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn &lt;em&gt;Institution&lt;\/em&gt; (1536) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Calvin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/geneva-catechism-1588\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/geneva-catechism-1588\/\" >Geneva Catechism (1588)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gentile&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ng\u1eef quen thu\u1ed9c trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0110CT. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c\u00a0 Do Th\u00e1i (Heb-r\u01a1), ngo\u00e0i t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 Ab-ra-ham, Y-s\u00e1c v\u00e0 Gia-c\u1ed1p.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gentile\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gentile\/\" >Gentile<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gerhard, Johann (1582 \u2013 1637)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gerhard, Johann (1582 \u2013 1637) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 3 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran v\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, sau M. Luther v\u00e0 M. Chemnitz. T\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc, th\u00f4ng minh, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Wittenberg, Jena, v\u00e0 Marburg. S\u00e1ch thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Loci Theologici&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gerhard-johann-1582-1637\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gerhard-johann-1582-1637\/\" >Gerhard, Johann (1582 \u2013 1637)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;German Pietism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o \/ Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Trung Hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb do hai Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia \u0110\u1ee9c Philip Jacob Spencer (1635-1705) v\u00e0 A. H. Francke (1663-1727) \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/german-pietism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/german-pietism\/\" >German Pietism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Geschichte&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;History, L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;G\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Anh &lt;em&gt;history, &lt;\/em&gt;V\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p &lt;em&gt;historie&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong n\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i kinh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \/ 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt; c\u1ee7a \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. T\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong to\u00e0n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &lt;strong&gt;historic (&lt;\/strong&gt;k\u1ef3 s\u1eed, minh s\u1eed&lt;strong&gt;)&lt;\/strong&gt;. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;history, historical&lt;\/em&gt; kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;historic&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. &lt;em&gt;Historic&lt;\/em&gt; (k\u1ef3 s\u1eed, minh s\u1eed) bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n) t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt quang minh l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 hay c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i; t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Abraham Lincohn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 s\u1eed, v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cs\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d trong d\u00e2n M\u1ef9, m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ai ai c\u0169ng th\u1ea7m ph\u1ee5c. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng L\u00ea Lai, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, Vua Quang Trung\u2026. Ho\u1eb7c B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf Nh\u00e2n Quy\u1ec1n. B\u1ea3n\u00a0 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb khi ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, &lt;strong&gt;Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su&lt;\/strong&gt; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Historic&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/geschichte\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/geschichte\/\" >Geschichte<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ghost, Holy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb x\u01b0ng danh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh d\u00f9ng trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch King James (1611). T\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ghost&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ma, linh, th\u1ea7n linh; v\u00e0\u00a0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Holy&lt;\/em&gt;:\u201d th\u00e1nh; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ma Th\u00e1nh (thi\u1ec7n) hay Linh Th\u00e1nh. Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Holy Spirit&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d - \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh (Gi\u0103ng 16; 3; Gal. 5:1tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ghost-holy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ghost-holy\/\" >Ghost, Holy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gifts, Spiritual&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, \u00c2n T\u1ee9 Thu\u1ed9c Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00e2n t\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ban cho con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin, S\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh H\u00f3a. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng anh em thu\u1ed9c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00c2n T\u1ee9 (charismatic), nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n (Pentecostal) hay Assembly of God (AOG) lu\u00f4n c\u1ed5 s\u00fay, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1, l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u1ef7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh chung th\u00ec \u00c2n T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 25 \u00c2n T\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng (&lt;em&gt;preaching&lt;\/em&gt;), d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o (&lt;em&gt;teaching&lt;\/em&gt;), ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n (&lt;em&gt;discernment&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n (&lt;em&gt;prayer&lt;\/em&gt;), etc\u2026 Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00e2n t\u1ee9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i Th\u00e1nh Linh qua s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Ga-la-ti 5:22, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi v\u00e0 k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 Ch\u00faa. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Spirit&lt;\/strong&gt;) (Roma 12: 6-8; I Cor. 12:4-11; Eph. 4:11; v\u00e0 I Phi. 4:11).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gifts-spiritual\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gifts-spiritual\/\" >Gifts, Spiritual<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gloria&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vinh Quang, Vinh Hi\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng La-tin. Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u201c&lt;em&gt;Glory&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong s\u1ef1 Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00fac tung h\u00f4 danh Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n uy cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Gloria in Excelsis&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (La-tin) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cVinh Danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Tr\u00ean Ch\u1ed1n Cao Nh\u1ea5t,\u201d tr\u00edch t\u1eeb b\u00e0i h\u00e1t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 ca t\u1ee5ng Ch\u00faa trong \u0111\u00eam Gi\u00e1ng Sinh Con Tr\u1eddi Jesus \u1edf B\u1ebft-le-hem\u2026 nh\u01b0 trong kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc Ma-thi-\u01a1 2 v\u00e0 Lu-ca 2:14 \u0111\u00e3 ghi. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ai ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft b\u00e0i ca n\u00e0y qua b\u00e0i ca n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Halelugia c\u1ee7a Handel. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;Tlh.&lt;\/u&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;Gloria Patri&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Vinh Danh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha\/ Glory to the Father&lt;\/em&gt;), h\u00e1t ca t\u1ee5ng Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Glorification of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. - &lt;strong&gt;Glorified Body&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 Vinh Hi\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. - &lt;strong&gt;Glorified with Christ&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Vinh Hi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;) (Rom. 8:17). L\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 chia x\u1ebb vinh hi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ khi Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi (Khai 21-22).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gloria\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gloria\/\" >Gloria<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Glorioes Misteries, the Five&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;5 \u0110i\u1ec1u M\u1ea7u Nhi\u1ec7m Vinh Hi\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0: Ca ng\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng l\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh trong ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n, s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trinh N\u1eef Ma-ri, s\u1ef1 vinh hi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Trinh N\u1eef Ma-ri.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/glorioes-misteries-the-five\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/glorioes-misteries-the-five\/\" >Glorioes Misteries, the Five<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Glory of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vinh Quang C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Heb-r\u01a1\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;Kab\u00f4d&lt;\/em&gt;, ra t\u1eeb ch\u1eef &lt;em&gt;K\u00e0b\u00ead&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;l\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng&lt;\/em&gt;) \u00fd l\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, quy\u1ec1n uy, s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1ng (S\u00e1ng 31:1; E-sai 8:7); v\u00e0 trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;doxa&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch trong b\u1ea3ng kinh LXX (70B.C.). L\u1eddi ca t\u1ee5ng danh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, cao c\u1ea3, to\u00e0n b\u00edch (Kh\u1ea3i 21:23), \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o Ho\u00e1, Cha mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i (I Cor. 10:31; Phil. 2:11; Rom. 8: 19-21; ICor. 15:53, 26).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/glory-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/glory-of-god\/\" >Glory of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gloss&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ebfng N\u00f3i, Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;gloss&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u00dd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edbi \u2013 t\u1eeb n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 hay ti\u1ebfng m\u1edbi (I Cor. 12; C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 2-4). Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;glossolia&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (speaking in tongues) n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong TK \u0111ang d\u00f9ng. C\u00f3 hai s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 sau: (1) L\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn. (2) N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ai tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian bi\u1ebft. Th\u00e1nh Phao-l\u00f4 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n t\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ban cho \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng vinh hi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (I Cor. 14; C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5. 4:2-13). Xa h\u01a1n, Phao-l\u00f4 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u00f5 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u201cti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1\u201d th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin qua l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean n\u00f3i n\u01a1i ri\u00eang t\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, cho d\u00f9 ti\u1ebfng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f3 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gloss\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gloss\/\" >Gloss<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gn\u00e9sio-Lutherams&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lu-ter Th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb g\u1ed1c Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Gn\u00e9sio&lt;\/em&gt;,\u00a0 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1eadt, \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt.\u201d C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th\u00a0 &lt;\/sup&gt;do Flacius Illyricus (1520 \u2013 1575). \u00d4ng \u00a0t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt theo nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Martin\u00a0 Luther t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c theo Luther c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Philip Meranchthon (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Philippists).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gnesio-lutherams\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gnesio-lutherams\/\" >Gn\u00e9sio-Lutherams<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gnosis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec3u Bi\u1ebft, Tri Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;gnosis&lt;\/em&gt; (knowledge), l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed cao si\u00eau trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u00f9 c\u00f3 tin hay kh\u00f4ng tin . Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khai sinh do tri\u1ebft gia Zeno kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3\u00a0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng \u00edt. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.\u00a0 Ch\u00ednh s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 am t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eadm n\u00ean d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;logos&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (\u00f4ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Gnostic, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y) trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Gi\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus \u2013 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, to\u00e0n kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Gnos-ticism (hay tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft tri th\u1ee9c) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf Egypt trong th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Nag Hammabi, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i di t\u00edch v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u2013 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Christian Gnostic&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Gospel of Thomas&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Gospel of Philip&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Gospel of Truth&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u01b0 t\u00edn kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh \u201c&lt;em&gt;nh\u00e2n t\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. V\u1ec1 sau, c\u00f3 th\u00eam t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;agnosticism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tri th\u1ee9c), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n sao hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Agnosticism)&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gnosis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gnosis\/\" >Gnosis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;theos&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Deus&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. L\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 (&lt;em&gt;Supreme Being&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o (&lt;em&gt;Creator&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o Ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i (S\u00e1ng. 1:1). Ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, g\u1ecdi \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ti\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n, Thi\u00ean. Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 \u00d4ng Tr\u1eddi, \u00d4ng Thi\u00ean. Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;theos&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ec3 Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Theology&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc, hay l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc, Thi\u00ean H\u1ecdc \u2013 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc\u201d nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5ng, \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u2013 c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;Buddhish Theology&lt;\/em&gt; g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o (v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi). &lt;em&gt;Shinto Theology&lt;\/em&gt; (Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng li\u1ec7t s\u0129, vong linh th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam &lt;\/em&gt;- &lt;strong&gt;Christian Theology&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Cr\u00edt-nh\u00e2n (&lt;em&gt;Christian&lt;\/em&gt;), M\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;em&gt;God&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi), l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3, \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a, Cha Mu\u00f4n Lo\u00e0i. Trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc Chrristian Theology t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3t nh\u01b0 sau;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; V\u1ec1 B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;substance&lt;\/em&gt;): \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n,\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng th\u1ea7n linh\u00a0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i.&lt;em&gt;,&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh. \u00a0Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ef1 H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;H\u1eb1ng H\u1eefu\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0110\u1ea5ng Ta L\u00e0), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. &lt;em&gt;Danh Ng\u00e0i&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Yah-veh&lt;\/em&gt;. (&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;The Name of God&lt;\/strong&gt;\u2026). \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;personal),&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh (&lt;em&gt;character)&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u1ea3 th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u1ec1 B\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3, B\u1ea3n N\u0103ng (&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nature Being)&lt;\/em&gt;: Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng v\u00f4 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt; (Ng\u00e0i \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i), &lt;em&gt;v\u00f4 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t n\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt; (Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1), v\u00f4 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t tri (&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;v\u00f4 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt; (Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i).. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u1ec1 B\u1ea3n T\u00ednh, C\u1ed1t C\u00e1ch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; (Essence) (lu\u00e2n l\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;): Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 - &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i (Absoluteness), v\u00e0 - \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n H\u1ea3o, Ho\u00e0n To\u00e0n (Perfection-ness, Wholeness, Completion-ness). S\u1ef1 Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i &lt;\/em&gt;bao g\u1ed3m S\u1ef1 Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft, S\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh, S\u1ef1 Y\u00eau Th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n H\u1ea3o. &lt;\/em&gt;V\u00ec l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;, n\u00ean \u0110CT kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. V\u00ec &lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh,&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec &lt;em&gt;Y\u00eau Th\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch, Ng\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ss\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft thay cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft thay, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u201cch\u1ebft thay\u201d, v\u00ec ai ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 nhau. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh m\u1edbi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u201cch\u1ebft thay\u201d cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i. Do \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u00faa v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb x\u00e9t. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 - &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n H\u1ea3o&lt;\/em&gt;, \u0110CT to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong &lt;em&gt;b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt; thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 trong &lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh&lt;\/em&gt; y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng tha th\u1ee9. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, m\u1ee9c thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tha th\u1ee9 \u1edd m\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng ai s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng. Ch\u00faa t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9, c\u1ea7u ngu\u1ef5\u1ec7n cho k\u1ebb b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i, v\u00e0\u2026 h\u00e3y tha th\u1ee9 t\u1edbi 70 l\u1ea7n 7.&lt;br \/&gt;\nCh\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00ec &lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Cha &lt;\/em&gt;c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. Cho n\u00ean bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra Ng\u00e0i. V\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf, nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. V\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Jesus m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai tin nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5 trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh; do \u0111\u00f3, Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch L\u1ecbch S\u1eed C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i (&lt;em&gt;History of Salvation&lt;\/em&gt;). (S\u00e1ng 1-2, Xu\u1ea5t 3:14; Lev. 22:1-2; Ph\u1ee5c 6; Thi 90, 119, 137; Esa. 9, 53, Gi\u00ea. 33; Mat. 1-2, Gi\u0103. 1, 3:16, 10:30; Khai 21-22).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god\/\" >God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God \u2013 Breathed&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi H\u00e0 H\u01a1i, Th\u1edf V\u00e0o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;\u201cTheopeneustos\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Inspired by God) t\u00edn l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u00e0 h\u01a1i l\u00e0 t\u00edn l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean II Tim 3:16, &lt;em&gt;\u201cC\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi soi d\u1eabn, c\u00f3 \u00edch cho s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, b\u1ebb tr\u00e1ch, s\u1eeda tr\u1ecb, d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0 h\u01a1i tr\u00ean Th\u00e1nh Kinh, tr\u00ean L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ra. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau, trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, v\u0103n th\u1ec3, v\u0103n phong kh\u00e1c nhau bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, vua, quan, v\u0103n s\u0129, s\u1eed gia, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, v.v\u2026 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng v\u1eeba \u201ch\u00e0 h\u01a1i\u201d v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c c\u00e1c l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u1edf v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1ee3ng A-\u0111am \u0111\u1ec3 A-\u0111am tr\u1edf n\u00ean sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-breathed\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-breathed\/\" >God \u2013 Breathed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God \u2013 Man&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u2013\u00a0 Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf, nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 \u00f4ng A-\u0111am ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i - \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng t\u00ecm v\u00e0 h\u1ee9a \u2013 S\u00e1ng 3:15 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i m\u1ea7y v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef s\u1ebd ngh\u1ecbch th\u00f9 nhau\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. V\u00e0 m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn Abram \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec3n d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb trong tuy\u1ec3n d\u00e2n n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 qua h\u00e0i nhi Jesus, sinh b\u1edfi c\u00f4 Ma-ri (th\u1ee5 thai b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Linh). Khi h\u00e0i nhi ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Christ l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf. Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 God-man. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi 100% v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi 100%. Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi God-man l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u2013 Nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c Th\u1ea7n \u2013 Nh\u00e2n. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cao c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba th\u00ec s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean Ng\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-man\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-man\/\" >God \u2013 Man<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God \u2013 Talk&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 N\u00f3i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb theology - th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc (h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi) \u2013 T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u201cGod-walk\u201d (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 \u0110i), n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960\u2019s do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi Frederick Herzog (d. 1995).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-talk\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-talk\/\" >God \u2013 Talk<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God as Person&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-as-person\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-as-person\/\" >God as Person<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, A Necessary Being&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c &lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3 Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 (being) r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u2013 v\u00ec n\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi) s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt g\u00ec kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-a-necessary-being\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-a-necessary-being\/\" >God, A Necessary Being<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, as Subject&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong lu\u1eadn l\u00fd tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc qua t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Soren Kierkergaard (1813-1855) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia Emil Brunner (1889-1966) v\u00e0 Karl Barth (1886-1968). Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u1ee7 Th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u2013 Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c&lt;em&gt;ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c hay n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t Ch\u1ee7 Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-as-subject\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-as-subject\/\" >God, as Subject<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, as Trinity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong 3 ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. Ba ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh (&lt;em&gt;oudia&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ed3ng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 vinh quang.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 3 ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i tr\u0103m n\u0103m, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt; \u2013 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; . T\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m \u1edf Ephesus 431, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i: \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;Substance&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;Being&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3n T\u00ednh (&lt;em&gt;Essense&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 t\u00e1i x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft trong b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 \u1edf Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Constantinnople 681 AD, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 6 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Tin L\u00e0nh Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng) v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Ni\u1ec1m tin ngo\u00e0i t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, l\u00e0 t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-as-trinity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-as-trinity\/\" >God, as Trinity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Immanence of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh N\u1ed9i T\u1ea1i, Si\u00eau Th\u1ef1c, T\u1ef1 Do T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh cao c\u1ea3 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Transcendence of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d &lt;em&gt;(T\u00ednh Si\u00eau Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi).&lt;\/em&gt; \u00dd n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\/ hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn con m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft Cha; nh\u00ecn c\u00e2y m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft tr\u00e1i. T\u00ednh n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00f4 bi\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00e2m thu\u00fd trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u2013 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt;\u00a0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1c Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia K. Barth, E. Brunner, Paul Tillich, W. Pennenberg \u2026 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u trang s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-immanence-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-immanence-of\/\" >God, Immanence of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Immateriality of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh Phi V\u1eadt Ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, T\u00ednh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n, ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng phi th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh. - &lt;strong&gt;God, Immensity of&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(T\u00ednh Bao La V\u00f4 H\u1ea1n, T\u00ednh V\u00f4 Bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ).&lt;\/em&gt; Ti\u1ebfng La-tin, \u201c&lt;em&gt;immensitas Dei&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d N\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 bao la, t\u00ednh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 do t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gian, th\u1eddi gian, n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-immateriality-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-immateriality-of\/\" >God, Immateriality of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Immutability of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp, T\u00ednh Si\u00eau Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;immen-tabilitas Dei.\u201d\u00a0 &lt;\/em&gt;N\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n H\u1ea3o, \u0110\u1ea5ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u2013 v\u00f4 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u2013 nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-immutability-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-immutability-of\/\" >God, Immutability of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Impassibility of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh Si\u00eau C\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-impassibility-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-impassibility-of\/\" >God, Impassibility of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Inclusive Language About the Image of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phi Gi\u1ed1ng T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Ngo\u1ea1i Th\u1ec3 T\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u trong khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh, gi\u1ed1ng Nam hay N\u1eef v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 &lt;em&gt;Phi Gi\u1ed1ng T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt; (Lu-ca 15:20; \u00ca-sai 49:15).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-inclusive-language-about-the-image-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-inclusive-language-about-the-image-of\/\" >God, Inclusive Language About the Image of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Incomprehensibility of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh B&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ea5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;t Kh\u1ea3 Tri&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; T\u00ednh Phi Kh\u1ea3 Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng sao hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i, hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Gi\u00ea. 33:3). C\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia tri th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn (g&lt;em&gt;nosticism&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110CT; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft \u201c&lt;em&gt;agnosticism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (b\u1ea5t tri th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c phi th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-incomprehensibility-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-incomprehensibility-of\/\" >God, Incomprehensibility of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Independence of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh T\u1ef1 Do T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i, T\u00ednh \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ai hay m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng (nothingness - &lt;em&gt;God created all things from nothingness&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u00e0 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Infinity of God&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u1ef1 V\u00f4 H\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, S\u1ef1 V\u00f4 C\u1ef1c\u2026). \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;leap of faith&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ee9c tin).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-independence-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-independence-of\/\" >God, Independence of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Integrity of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u00edn (&lt;em&gt;truthfulness)&lt;\/em&gt;, ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt (&lt;em&gt;true&lt;\/em&gt;), th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt (&lt;em&gt;honest&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt (&lt;em&gt;telling the truth&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1edbn lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong v\u00f2ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-integrity-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-integrity-of\/\" >God, Integrity of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Justice of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;dikaiosyn\u00e9&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;theou\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 La-tin, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Institia Dei&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh ngay th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi khi \u0111em s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh nh\u1eb1m di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi thi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;em&gt;Liberation Theology&lt;\/em&gt; (Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-justice-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-justice-of\/\" >God, Justice of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Kingdom of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00f4i N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Jesus nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 2 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0: (1) \u0110em t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 (2) X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. \u00dd t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, trong ph\u1ea7n 2, l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng m\u1ed7i Crit-nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i\/ ng\u00f4i Ch\u00faa ng\u1ef1 khi \u0111ang c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 (2) N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o Kingdom of God, ngay sau khi qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nCh\u00fang ta, \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n, sau khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Kingdom of God&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng (&lt;em&gt;Kingdom of Heaven&lt;\/em&gt;). Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00f4i N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u1ec3 Tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Mac 1:14). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110CT\u201d,&lt;\/em&gt; S\u00e1ch Gi\u0103ng ghi 10 l\u1ea7n, s\u00e1ch M\u00e1c ghi \u0111\u1ebfn 14 l\u1ea7n, s\u00e1ch Lu-ca \u0111\u1ebfn 32 l\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n s\u00e1ch Ma-thi-\u01a1 ghi 4 l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d ghi 32 l\u1ea7n. Ma-thi- \u01a1 ghi r\u1eb1ng: \u201c&lt;em&gt;T\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa J\u00easus kh\u1edfi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y \u0103n n\u0103n, v\u00ec &lt;strong&gt;N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d M\u00e1c l\u1ea1i ghi, Ch\u00faa Jesus gi\u1ea3ng: \u201c\u2026&lt;em&gt;K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ecdn, &lt;strong&gt;N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n; c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y \u0103n n\u0103n v\u00e0 tin \u0111\u1ea1o Tin L\u00e0nh.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; C\u1ea3 hai c\u00e2u, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0103n n\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tha t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110CT, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u Ma-thi-\u01a1 6:36 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm &lt;strong&gt;N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/strong&gt; v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd cho th\u00eam c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y n\u1eefa&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d Theo s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh&lt;strong&gt; Kingdom of God &amp; Kingdom of Heaven&lt;\/strong&gt; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-kingdom-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-kingdom-of\/\" >God, Kingdom of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Knowledge of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec3u Bi\u1ebft Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Scientia Dei&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0110CT hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-knowledge-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-knowledge-of\/\" >God, Knowledge of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Law of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb\u00a0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi N\u00f3i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi n\u00f3i ra, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi r\u0103n d\u1ea1y, l\u1eddi r\u0103n c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201clu\u1eadt l\u1ec7\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u1eddi to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-law-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-law-of\/\" >God, Law of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Love of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 250 l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh y\u00eau cao c\u1ea3 v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u201cagap\u00e9\u201d. B\u1edfi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0nh l\u00f2ng nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf trong th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9\/ th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong T\u00e2n \u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 3 t\u1eeb: (1) \u201c&lt;em&gt;eros&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa nam n\u1eef; (2) \u201c&lt;em&gt;philos&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb y\u00eau\/ m\u1ebfn n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ham th\u00edch v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u00e2m l\u00fd, v\u00e0 (3) \u201c&lt;em&gt;agape&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9\u2026 M\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i, l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7y hy-sinh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung, y\u00eau b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u2013 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Cha y\u00eau ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Kinh Th\u00e1nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong T\u01af, S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1ch th\u00e2m thu\u00fd \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (IGi\u0103ng 4:8).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-love-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-love-of\/\" >God, Love of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Name of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Danh X\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Danh X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n Israel, danh Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f4n qu\u00fd.&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u00f3 3 Danh X\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi):&lt;br \/&gt;\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a03.\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;strong&gt;\u00a0(&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05b8\u05d4&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u00a0\u05d0\u05b6\u05bd\u05d4\u05b0\u05d9\u05b6\u0591\u05d4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b9\u05d4\u05b4\u0591\u05d9\u05dd&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;)&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;\/strong&gt;(Yeh-weh- Eh-yeh- \u00ca-l\u00f4him)&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;strong&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/strong&gt;(Gi\u00ea-ve)- (\u00ca-y\u00ea)- Ch\u00faa,God)&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;strong&gt;\u00a0 (Adonai \u00a0- CH\u00daA -\u00a0 \u0110CT)&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;ol&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Yeh-veh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (Gi\u00ea-ve) - L\u00fac M\u00f4i-se g\u1eb7p Ch\u00faa &lt;strong&gt;\u05d0\u05d4\u05d9\u05d4&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Eh-yeh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;) (Ex. 3: 14). Ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 1 l\u1ea7n &lt;strong&gt;\u201cEhyeh Asher Ehyeh&lt;\/strong&gt; = I am Who I am\u201d (Ex 3:14)&lt;strong&gt;,&lt;\/strong&gt; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cTa Ch\u00ednh L\u00e0 Ta hay Ta l\u00e0 Ta\u201d. Khi nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i: &lt;strong&gt;Ehyeh (&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng&lt;\/em&gt; Ta L\u00e0&lt;strong&gt;).&lt;\/strong&gt; V\u1eady, &lt;strong&gt;Ehyeh&lt;\/strong&gt; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;Ta L\u00e0&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d (Eng. \u201cTo Be\u201d =&gt;\u00a0 \u201cI AM\u201d). R\u1ed3i ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2u 15 tr\u1edf \u0111i, Ch\u00faa b\u1ea3o M\u00f4i-se g\u1ecdi &lt;strong&gt;\u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b9\u05a3\u05d4\u05b5\u05d9&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;\u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05b8\u05a4\u05d4&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Yad-heh-vav-heh E-lo-he)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Gia-ve E-lo-he cho d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean (Ex 3:15). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Anh \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va God (&lt;\/strong&gt;th\u00eam v\u1ea7n&lt;strong&gt; \u201ch\u00f4\u201d &lt;\/strong&gt;v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa&lt;strong&gt;), &lt;\/strong&gt;khi d\u1ecbch ra, kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Ngay t\u1eeb khi M\u00f4i-se ch\u00e9p l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa b\u1ea3o, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00fac ra kh\u1ecfi x\u1ee9 \u00ca-d\u00edp, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft danh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Yah-veh&lt;\/strong&gt; \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05b8\u059e\u05d4 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u &lt;strong&gt;S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 2:4&lt;\/strong&gt; tr\u1edf\u00a0 \u0111i, v\u00e0\u00a0 m\u1ed7i khi g\u1ecdi, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Adonai&lt;\/strong&gt;. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c D\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i (H\u00eab-r\u01a1) kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh t\u00ean &lt;strong&gt;Yahweh&lt;\/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;eh-veh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; or &lt;\/em&gt;\u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ehyeh asher ehyeh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3 KT ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb tr\u00ean l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Ya-veh, &lt;\/strong&gt;v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Adonai&lt;\/strong&gt;. \u00a0(Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 c\u00f3 398 l\u1ea7n - C\u1ea3 KT c\u00f3 6,828 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 2 l\u1ea7n \u201cTa L\u00e0\u201d).&lt;\/li&gt;\n&lt;\/ol&gt;\n&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;Nh\u1eefng danh x\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201cEl\u201d hay \u201cEloe\u201d (God, \u0110CT) (s\u1ed1 \u00edt) (Xu\u1ea5t. 15:2; 17:15; \u00ca-sai 12:20. Nh\u01b0ng ngay t\u1eeb S\u00e1ng 1: 1, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cElohim\u201d l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110CT To\u00e0n Quy\u1ec1n, Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ec3, Thi\u00ean Ch\u1ee7, \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, (S\u00e1ng 1:1,2,3,4,5tt), t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ba Ng\u00f4i. .&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;strong&gt;\u201cYahveh\u201d&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Gia-v\u00ea)&lt;\/em&gt;, \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ec3, Thi\u00ean Ch\u1ee7, H\u1eb1ng H\u1eefu, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb S\u00e1ng 2:4b.., \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh 2 l\u1ea7n \u1edf s\u00e1ch Xu\u1ea5t 3:14, nh\u01b0ng khi g\u1ecdi, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi It-ra-\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Adonai&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d.&lt;\/li&gt;\n&lt;\/ol&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p trong C\u01af \u201c&lt;strong&gt;Yahveh Jaireh&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;\u0110CT S\u1eafm S\u1eb5n, quan ph\u00f2ng, \u0110CT Th\u1ea5y&lt;\/em&gt;). \u201c&lt;strong&gt;Yahveh Rapha&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;\u0110CT Ch\u1eefa B\u1ec7nh&lt;\/em&gt;). \u201c&lt;strong&gt;El Elyon&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110CT Cao C\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;), II C\u00e1c 18:17; Thi 89:27; S\u00e1ng 17:1; \u00ca-sai 6). \u201c&lt;strong&gt;El Shadai&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;\u0110CT S\u1ee9c M\u1ea1nh, \u0110\u1ea1o Qu\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;). \u201c&lt;strong&gt;EL Sh&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ama&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u201d (\u0110CT L\u1eafng Nghe). &lt;\/em&gt;T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc (Rom. 15:6; Eph. 1:3; Col. 1:3; Kh\u1ea3i. 21).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-name-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-name-of\/\" >God, Name of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Nature of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n T\u00ednh T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1ed5n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i, n\u1ed9i th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn trong c\u00e1c t\u1eeb sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u201c&lt;em&gt;essence&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch); \u201c&lt;em&gt;being&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3) v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;substance&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t). D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 3 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh tr\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn h\u01a1n 7 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 d\u00e0i (t\u1eeb Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 2&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u2013 Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 9&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng qua nhi\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb; h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch, b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Oneness of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Trinity), Ba Ng\u00f4i M\u1ed9t Th\u1ec3 (Tam Vi Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-nature-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-nature-of\/\" >God, Nature of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Primordial Nature of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong gi\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-primordial-nature-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-primordial-nature-of\/\" >God, Primordial Nature of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Righteousness of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh. Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 cho c\u00f9ng. \u0110CT cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gian trong s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. V\u00ec c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec qu\u00e1 y\u00eau lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft thay. Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft thay t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang ta lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft thay cho ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cho n\u00ean, m\u1edbi nghe th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110CT l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d B\u1edfi s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft thay cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 3 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch: (1) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;: Nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3 lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e0n kh\u00f4n (2)\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt L\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2m: &lt;\/em&gt;B&lt;\/strong&gt;ao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua lu\u1eadt \u201cnh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3\u201d (cause &amp; affect), v\u00e0 lu\u00e2t \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 qua lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. (3) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt \u00dd Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;: Lu\u1eadt Ch\u1ecdn L\u1ef1a theo \u00dd Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u1eeb t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i qua ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1... Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft Tha T\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, bi\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean con c\u00e1i Ng\u00e0i. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i qua ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p (S\u00e1ng 3:15; 12:1-3; Xu\u1ea5t 3; \u00ca-sai 5:16; 9:5,6; Thi. 7:11). R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Con Ng\u00e0i - Jesus Christ - l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh (Math. 1:18-23; Gi\u0103ng 3:16; 36; Rom. 1:17, 3:21-31; Heb. 6:1tt). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, l\u00e0 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf \u201c&lt;em&gt;l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (atonement) chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-righteousness-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-righteousness-of\/\" >God, Righteousness of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Transcendence of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh Si\u00eau Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 do t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Im-manmence of God) l\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh cao c\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1eeb t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o, v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hay h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh si\u00eau bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Do \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o do Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean; do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-transcendence-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-transcendence-of\/\" >God, Transcendence of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Veracity of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ch\u00e2n Th\u1eadt Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Veritas Dei&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n v\u0169 (D\u00e2n 23:19; Esai 45:18-19; 55: 6-9).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-veracity-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-veracity-of\/\" >God, Veracity of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Will of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00dd Ch\u1ec9, \u00dd Mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t uy quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Trong ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi to\u00e0n n\u0103ng, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec1u do, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng sao hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 Ti\u00ean Tri E-sai \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p: &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va ph\u00e1n: \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng ta ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ta.\u00a0V\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1eebng tr\u1eddi cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea5t bao nhi\u00eau, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ta cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ta cao h\u01a1n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u0169ng b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(E-sai 55:8-9). Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00fd mu\u1ed1n Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p cho ch\u00fang ta. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed7i. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ebd th\u1eadt m\u00e0 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa c\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i. Do \u0111\u00f3, mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd Ch\u00faa, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-will-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-will-of\/\" >God, Will of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;God, Wrath of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;C\u01a1n &lt;em&gt;Th\u1ecbnh N\u1ed9, C\u01a1n Gi\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 hay nh\u1eefng ai ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n cho ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc qua c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p trong s\u00e1ch Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 K\u00fd 32-33, Ph\u1ee5c Truy\u1ec1n 17-18. Gi\u00f4-sua 7-8 v.v\u2026 v\u00e0 trong trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ti\u00ean Tri \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean khi h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 th\u1edd k\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 kinh khi\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i Ch\u00faa h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t h\u1ecd v\u00e0o ho\u1ea3 ng\u1ee5c (Gi\u0103ng 3:16, 36).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-wrath-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/god-wrath-of\/\" >God, Wrath of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Godden&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1eef Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ph\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n hay c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;\u00a0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia n\u1eef ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ra b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n H\u1ea3o \u2013 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c gi\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u1edf ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/godden\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/godden\/\" >Godden<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Godhead&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n T\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi g\u1ed3m Ba Ng\u00f4i: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ba Ng\u00f4i M\u1ed9t Th\u1ec3 (Tam V\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/godhead\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/godhead\/\" >Godhead<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gog and Magog&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hai quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng Ng\u00e0y Sau R\u1ed1t (Exe. 38:2; Khai 20:8). Hai th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi Do Th\u00e1i \u1edf Argmagedon. L\u00e0 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn \u2026&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gog-and-magog\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gog-and-magog\/\" >Gog and Magog<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Golden Rule&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt V\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean n\u00fai t\u1eeb Ma-thi-\u01a1 5-7; c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cLu\u1eadt V\u00e0ng\u201d.\u00a0 C\u00e2u n\u00e0y ghi l\u00e0:&lt;em&gt;\u201cH\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 con mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd l\u00e0m cho con\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Math. 7:12; Lu-ca 6:31; Tobit. 4:15).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/golden-rule\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/golden-rule\/\" >Golden Rule<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Golgotha&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed3i G\u00f4-g\u00f4-tha&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1 d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;gugoleh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, \u201cSkull\u201d. Ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Calvaria&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u201cCalvary\u201d, \u201c&lt;em&gt;The place of the skull&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (ch\u1ed5 s\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ed3i s\u1ecd), \u1edf ph\u00eda sau th\u00e0nh Jerusalem, n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa Jesus b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh (Gi\u0103ng 19:17).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/golgotha\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/golgotha\/\" >Golgotha<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Good&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u05d8\u0591\u05d5\u05b9\u05d1&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;t\u00f4wb&lt;\/em&gt;) T\u1ed1t, Thi\u1ec7n&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. T\u1eeb \u201cgood\u201d trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, trong s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd, \u1edf ngay \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i 7 ch\u1eef \u201cgood\u201d &lt;strong&gt;\u05d8\u0591\u05d5\u05b9\u05d1&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;t\u00f4wb&lt;\/em&gt;), t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 TK Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau (t\u1ed1t\/ t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p\/ t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh\/ thi\u1ec7n). Trong ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc theology (thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Theology of Good&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, hay l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Problem of Good&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn \u201c&lt;em&gt;Problem of Evil&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u201cgood\u201d m\u00e0 chi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u201cbad\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cevil.\u201d Th\u1eadt ra, c\u00e1i good (t\u1ed1t) th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean \u201cl\u1ee3i \u00edch\u201d cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d c\u00f2n c\u00e1i \u201cthi\u1ec7n\u201d th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, ngay c\u1ea3 trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cch\u00e2n, thi\u1ec7n, m\u1ef9\u201d nghe cao si\u00eau l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u00f4 s\u01a1, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a l\u00ed tr\u00ed. V\u00ec t\u1eeb \u201cthi\u1ec7n\u201d ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTr\u1edf l\u1ea1i TK d\u1ea1y, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd cho k\u1ef7, su\u1ed1t trong 6 ng\u00e0y \u201csang t\u1ea1o\u201d, \u0110CT ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u201cgood\u201d (t\u1ed1t\/thi\u1ec7n). Ngay sau khi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u00e1n: \u201c&lt;em&gt;H\u00e3y sinh s\u1ea3n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, H\u00e3y qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026\u201d Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1i k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0110CT s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng h\u00e0 sa s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd sinh ra, th\u00eam l\u00ean, do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m n\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, cau h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra: T\u1ea1i sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00f2n \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1st AD), \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. T\u1ea1i sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf computer v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i\u2026&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n 2:9, t\u1eeb \u201cevil\u201d (&lt;em&gt;x\u1ea5u\/gian \u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec b\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n\u2026 T\u1eeb \u201ct\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\u201d, nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;m\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;m\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 vinh hi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u201cT\u1ed0T NH\u1ea4T\u201d v\u00e0 TR\u1eccN V\u1eb8N\u201d. T\u1eeb \u201cTHI\u1ec6N\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb TR\u1eccN V\u1eb8N trong \u00dd C\u1ee6A CH\u00daA. V\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u201cm\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch,\u201d cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u201cgood\u201d trong c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u201cgood\u201d (thi\u1ec7n) cao h\u01a1n; do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u201cthuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i\u201d. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nS\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n, trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh t\u1eeb good\/thi\u1ec7n (t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh), ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u201cT\u1ed1i Cao, Th\u00e1nh Thi\u1ec7n, Tr\u1ecdn L\u00e0nh, To\u00e0n H\u1ea3o\u201d. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, vua \u0110a-v\u00edt ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 qua s\u1ef1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;nh\u01a1n t\u1eeb Ng\u00e0i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d qua \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u0103n Thi Thi\u00ean 136, \u201c&lt;em&gt;H\u00e3y c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d(Thi 136:1). Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u201cT\u00ecnh Y\u00eau Th\u01b0\u01a1ng,\u201d n\u00ean S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a cho ch\u00fang ta, \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi L\u00e0 T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau Th\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (I Gi\u0103ng 5:9). Xem th\u00eam &lt;em&gt;Evil&lt;\/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Glory, Eternal Life&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/good\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/good\/\" >Good<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Good Friday&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u00eam Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00fang ra t\u1eeb Anh ng\u1eef l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;God\u2019s Friday&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa) l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u c\u1ee7a tu\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i, khi Ch\u00faa b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh (tr\u01b0\u1edbc L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh). Ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Easter Sunday (Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Ph\u1ee5c Sinh). Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u00e0y Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3\u201d. Trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eed l\u1ec5 v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u00eam Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3.\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/good-friday\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/good-friday\/\" >Good Friday<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Good News&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tin L\u00e0nh, Ph\u00fac \u00c2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;euangelion&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u2013 tin m\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus- l\u00e0 Christ (Mark. 1:1). Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa Jesus gi\u00e1ng tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tin m\u1eebng \u2013 l\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/good-news\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/good-news\/\" >Good News<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Good News Bible&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;GNB, 1976&lt;\/em&gt;). B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch KT Tin M\u1eebng&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch v\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc # \u201c&lt;em&gt;Today\u2019s&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Enghish Verson&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1956, 1976), xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n do H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Kinh Hoa K\u1ef3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u201cng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/good-news-bible\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/good-news-bible\/\" >Good News Bible<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gospel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tin L\u00e0nh, Ph\u00fac \u00c2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;euangelion&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (good news), l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh g\u1ed1c b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 Anglo \u2013 Saxon \u201c&lt;em&gt;godspell&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (good story). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi quan ph\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 Christ. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho 4 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh theo S\u00e1ch Ma-thi-\u01a1, M\u00e1c, Lu-ca, Gi\u0103ng (&lt;em&gt;the Gospel According to Matthew, Mark, Luke, John&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Ma-thi-\u01a1 .v.v\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gospel\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gospel\/\" >Gospel<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gospel Social&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tin M\u1eebng X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1ecf b\u00e0y ph\u00fac \u00e2m, tin l\u00e0nh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i qua vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m (x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i) c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u0103n s\u00f3c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus s\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th &lt;\/sup&gt;, nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c thi l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y gi\u00fap cho k\u1ebb c\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0 trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n Theology of the Social Gospel. Kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng do c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia c\u1ee7a Anh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Charles Kingsley v\u00e0 John F. Denison Maurice, v\u00e0 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 do Stephen Colwell, qua s\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;New Themes for the Protestant Clergy\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(1850\u2019s) v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Timothy L.Smith in \u201c&lt;em&gt;Revivalism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d in the Mid-Nineteenth Century America. D\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 Walter Rauschenbusch, m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 Baptist tr\u1ebb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;Social Gospel&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Tin L\u00e0nh X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i) tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Christianity and the Social Crisis&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1907), \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Social Principles of Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1916), \u201c&lt;em&gt;A Theology for Social Gospel&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1917). Charles M.Sheldon n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;In His Step&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 Salvation Army, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Christian Herald&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gospel-social\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gospel-social\/\" >Gospel Social<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Government of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Cai Tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, n\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch Ng\u00e0i. Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai \u2013 tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi l\u1eabn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. - &lt;strong&gt;God, Grace of&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi).&lt;\/em&gt; L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mua, \u0111\u1ed5i hay so s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 2:8-9, th\u00ec \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ban cho \u0111\u1eb7c mi\u1ec5n, ban cho nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng; do \u0111\u00f3, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00c2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con l\u00e0 Jesus Christ. Gi\u1ea3 th\u1eed, n\u1ebfu \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 hay \u0111\u1ec1n b\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 th\u00ec ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n, Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. S\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 gi\u00e1. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00edn l\u00ed s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;atonement&lt;\/em&gt;) tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao c\u1ea3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/government-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/government-of-god\/\" >Government of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Grace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;Charis&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;gratia&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d ( favor, kindness, grace). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1, tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mua) b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng, b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n hay c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh, d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;grace&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n) b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u1eeb \u201c\u00c2n \u0111i\u1ec3n, &lt;em&gt;Grace&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong KT \u1edf s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 6:8, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Khi \u00f4ng N\u00f4-\u00ea &lt;strong&gt;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;strong&gt;\u05d7\u05b5\u0596\u05df (&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;hen&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;) &lt;\/strong&gt;b\u1ea3n KJ: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;grace&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;, v\u00e0 \u1edf 18:3,&lt;strong&gt; favor, &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;khi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Abram&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;; &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1edf 19:19&lt;strong&gt;, grace, &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;khi n\u00f3i v\u1eddi L\u00f3t&lt;em&gt;) c\u00f2n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c:&lt;\/em&gt; B\u1ea3n NAS, INT, CSB, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;favor&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;)&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0 C\u00f3 khi d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;lovingkindness&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb\u201d. Qua s\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y, t\u1eeb \u201cgrace\u201d trong TK C\u01af kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2n\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u01a1n\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (favor), \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng, h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Trong C\u01af c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 247 l\u1ea7n.\u00a0 C\u0169ng trong \u00fd n\u00e0y, trong T\u01af lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;grace&lt;\/em&gt;, \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n\u201d (= &lt;em&gt;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 194 l\u1ea7n: \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9s &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/biblehub.com\/greek\/charin_5485.htm&quot;&gt;charis,&lt;\/a&gt; \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/biblehub.com\/greek\/charin_5485.htm&quot;&gt;charin&lt;\/a&gt;, \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/biblehub.com\/greek\/charitos_5485.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;charitos&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt; L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4 Mary, \u201c&lt;em&gt;ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n (grace) tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Luca 1:30), r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d tr\u00ean \u201cCh\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su\u201d (Lu-ca 2:40), sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110CT. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, T\u01af nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110CT, v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u201c\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i\u201d qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Con Ng\u00e0i Gi\u00ea-su Christ.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong m\u00f4n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ra nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau: &lt;strong&gt;Grace, Common (&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Chung&lt;\/em&gt;) d\u00f9ng chung cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00dd n\u00f3i \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i l\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n chung cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;n\u1eafng l\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh l\u1eabn gian \u00e1c hay m\u01b0a cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. &lt;strong&gt;Grace, Special &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i d\u00e0nh cho ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n (Rom. 3:24; 5:8; Eph. 1:7; 2:8-9; II Cor. 8:9; Gi\u0103ng 6:37,39; 17:2). Trong \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m 4 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Grace, Actual&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 th\u1eadt do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ban \u01a1n hay \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu n\u00e0o. Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent (1545 \u2013 1563) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y r\u00f5 th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y qua t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;habitual grace&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. (1) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Prevenient Grace&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Ti\u00ean D\u1ef1&lt;\/em&gt;).\u00a0 L\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (Rom. 5:8; 10; II Cor. 8:9; Eph. 2:5-9). (2) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Efficacious Grace&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n Ch\u00faa d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111i theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. &lt;em&gt;\u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai m\u00e0 Cha \u0111\u00e3 giao cho Ta, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng Ta,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e2u&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 6:37, 39; 17:2,6). (3) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sufficient Grace&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0110\u00e3 \u0110\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00c2n \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 cho nh\u1eefng ai tin theo Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ecd (II Cor. 12:9; Heb. 13:5-6; Thi. 118:6). (4) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Irresistible Grace&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 T\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ghi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0: \u00c1p-ra-ham, \u0110a-v\u00edt, Sa-mu- \u00ean, Phao-l\u00f4, Gi\u0103ng, Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1, etc. (S\u00e1ng 12; II Sam. 12; C\u00f4ng 8; Math. 4).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/grace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/grace\/\" >Grace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Grace, System of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/grace-system-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/grace-system-of\/\" >Grace, System of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Grace, Theology of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Jesus - \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf, nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Th\u1eadt ra, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u00e2u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n Ng\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/grace-theology-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/grace-theology-of\/\" >Grace, Theology of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Grail, Holy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ly Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u00e1i ly m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong khi Ng\u00e0i ban ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Th\u1eadt ra, \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c trong khi d\u00f9ng ly \u0111\u00f3 ban Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/grail-holy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/grail-holy\/\" >Grail, Holy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Grammatico \u2013 historical exegesis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Gi\u1ea3i Kinh theo S\u1eed - V\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; , c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh qua s\u1eed li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m. Qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c qua b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh v\u0103n, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n kinh v\u0103n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/grammatico-historical-exegesis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/grammatico-historical-exegesis\/\" >Grammatico \u2013 historical exegesis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gratitude&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ea1 \u01a0n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;gratitudo&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201cx&lt;em&gt;apis&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. T\u1ea1 \u01a1n, c\u1ea3m \u01a1n, l\u00e0 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n, l\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m k\u00edch (v\u1ec1) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 ban \u01a1n hay ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 cho m\u1ed9t ai. Trong ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Crist-nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1 \u01a1n Ch\u00faa d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1 \u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u01a1n cho m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 t\u1ea1 \u01a1n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ghi \u01a1n nh\u1eefng ai mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho m\u00ecnh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. Th\u00e1nh Kinh d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 t\u1ea1 \u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c&lt;em&gt;indescrible gift&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (II Cor. 9:15, Phil.4:7).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gratitude\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gratitude\/\" >Gratitude<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Grave&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea7n M\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;c&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng trong Anh ng\u1eef l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9, m\u1ed3 m\u1ea3, n\u01a1i ch\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft. &lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Sheol, Hell&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/grave\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/grave\/\" >Grave<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Great Awakennings, the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh chung c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i 2 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 Ch\u00e2u. Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng I (1725 \u2013 60), b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Anh r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3, kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi George Whitefield (1714 \u2013 1770) v\u00e0 Jonathan Edwards (1703 \u2013 1758) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng II, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong n\u0103m 1787 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i H\u1ecdp B\u1ea1n \u1edf Tennessee v\u00e0 Kentucky do c\u00e1c M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Baptist, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Khu Baptist (Association), \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng Tin L\u00e0nh tr\u00ean ng\u1ef1a (Rider Preachers) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/great-awakennings-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/great-awakennings-the\/\" >Great Awakennings, the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Great Bible (1539)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh L\u1edbn, 1539&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a M. Luther \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi m\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p, H\u00eab-r\u01a1, hay La-tin (theo lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3), v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecdc . H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc qua s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch do Mile Coverdale (1488 \u2013 1568) v\u00e0 Richard Grafton. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean Vua Henry VIII b\u1edfi Thomas Cromwell (1485 \u2013 1540) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/great-bible-1539\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/great-bible-1539\/\" >Great Bible (1539)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Great Commission&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ea1ng L\u1ec7nh V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 h\u00e3y \u0111i kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3ng tin l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi \u1edf s\u00e1ch Ma-thi-\u01a1 28:18-20. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ai tin Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eb5n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sai ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh (&lt;em&gt;destinationism&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia Calvin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/great-commission\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/great-commission\/\" >Great Commission<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Grebel, Conrad&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Grebel, Conrad&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;ca. 1498 \u2013 1526&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang T\u1ef1 Do (&lt;em&gt;Free Church Congregation&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u1edf Zurich, tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1edfng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng La-tin g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Carolina \u0111\u1ebfn 16 tu\u1ed5i. V\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Basel (\u0110\u1ee9c), (1514 \u2013 15). \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vienna (Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129 ) (1515 \u2013 18), v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc \u1edf Paris (Ph\u00e1p) (1518 \u2013 20), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Gia Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng: Anh, Ph\u00e1p, La-tin, Hy-l\u1ea1p. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Zwingli trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1ea7n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7p \u201c200\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi Zwingli r\u1ed3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng , v\u1ec1 sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mennonites (khai l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i M\u00ea-n\u00f4-nai) nghi\u00ean h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Sola Scriptura&lt;\/em&gt;), - H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp\/t\u1ef1 do, - Ai tin l\u00e0m B\u00e1p-tem (B\u00e1p-tem k\u1ebb tin), - kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, - nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m v\u00e2ng theo Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 ho\u00e1). Sau khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do, th\u00ec b\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Em k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft t\u00f9. D\u00f9 trong t\u00f9, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu v\u1eabn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ed5 s\u00fay, ph\u00e1t huy Tin L\u00e0nh \u1edf Thu\u1ef7 S\u0129 v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n theo s\u00e1t v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/grebel-conrad\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/grebel-conrad\/\" >Grebel, Conrad<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Greed&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tham Lam&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u1ebft trong s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng d\u1ea1y ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i chung. Tham lam n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/greed\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/greed\/\" >Greed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Greek Dualism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean Lu\u1eadn Hy-l\u1ea1p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Song song v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Tri Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn (&lt;em&gt;Gnosticism)&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean Lu\u1eadn Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt; (Dualism). Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c, s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u0110CT. &lt;strong&gt;Greek Fathers&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Hy-l\u1ea1p&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy-L\u1ea1p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia uy quy\u1ec1n trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, bao g\u1ed3m: John Chrysostom (347 \u2013 407), Athanasius (c 293 \u2013 373), v\u00e0 Basil the Great (330 \u2013 379). T\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0: Marty Martin, Thomas Aquiuss, Augus-tine,..&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/greek-dualism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/greek-dualism\/\" >Greek Dualism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Greek Metaphysics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Si\u00eau H\u00ecnh H\u1ecdc Hy-l\u1ea1p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong n\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Hy-l\u1ea1p kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia Plato, Aristotle v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (reality), c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng si\u00eau h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Christian Theology). Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean lu\u1eadn (dualism), logos (l\u1eddi\/\u0111\u1ea1o), gnosticism (tri th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/greek-metaphysics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/greek-metaphysics\/\" >Greek Metaphysics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Greek Orthodox Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Hy-l\u1ea1p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c Gia c\u1ee7a Hy-l\u1ea1p, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (Easter Orthodoy Church).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/greek-orthodox-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/greek-orthodox-church\/\" >Greek Orthodox Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Greek, Koine&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00f4ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a La-m\u00e3 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba kho\u1ea3ng 300B.C.,\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u trong kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1 v\u00e0 trung \u0110\u00f4ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng n\u00e0y. Cho n\u00ean, th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Do-Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 quen d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Aram trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/greek-koine\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/greek-koine\/\" >Greek, Koine<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Green Thurday&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m Xanh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u1ede \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01a1i trong \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (gi\u1eef t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7) Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m Vui Th\u1ecfa (&lt;em&gt;Maundy Thurday&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, ban cho, sau ng\u00e0y c\u00f4ng x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 , c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y vui m\u1eebng \u2013 Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m T\u01b0\u01a1i Xanh n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/green-thurday\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/green-thurday\/\" >Green Thurday<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gregorian Calendar&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ecbch C\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Gregory&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ni\u00ean l\u1ecbch ch\u00fang ta x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f4m nay, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 tu s\u1eeda do Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gregory XIII, 1582.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gregorian-calendar\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gregorian-calendar\/\" >Gregorian Calendar<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gregorian Reform&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Gregory&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gregory VII v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1073 \u2013 1085, nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c d\u00ednh l\u00edu \u0111\u1ebfn danh th\u1ec3 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i t\u1ee5c x\u1ea5u xa trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 bu\u00f4n ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc, b\u00e1n nh\u1eefng b\u00f9a x\u00e1 t\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 M. Luther.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gregorian-reform\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gregorian-reform\/\" >Gregorian Reform<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gregory I, The Great&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gregory, 540 \u2013 604 AD&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 trong th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh gia gi\u00e1o gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng. Tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng s\u1edbm hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n eu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o. \u00d4ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp 6 tu vi\u1ec7n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 1 tu vi\u1ec7n \u1edf Roma. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 590, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi bi\u1ec7t danh \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gregory I. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 s\u00fay tin t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edn l\u00fd cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do Ch\u00faa b\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy t\u00edn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. Ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong to\u00e0n \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. S\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Pastoral Rule&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng d\u1ea1y trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ec1n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o sau n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c x\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tin m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 ng\u1ed9. \u00d4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng tin v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i (trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o) cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0103n n\u0103n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gregory-i-the-great\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gregory-i-the-great\/\" >Gregory I, The Great<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gregory of Nyssa&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gregory of Nyssa&lt;\/strong&gt; (ca 335 \u2013 394). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c x\u1ee9 Cappadonia. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh tin Ch\u00faa t\u1ed1t (Cha l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u1edf Basil, ch\u1ecb l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Macrina, v\u00e0 anh l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf Ceasare). D\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh m\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng nghi\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ee3, sau khi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu vi\u1ec7n \u1edf Pontius. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eafc tu v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng t\u1ecf ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c, b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb (ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Arius) \u1edf Constan-tinople 381, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c trong v\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1. \u00d4ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Arianism, Eunonius, Apol-linaris. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o l\u00ed v\u00e0 kinh s\u00e1ch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn trong GH La-m\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gregory-of-nyssa\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gregory-of-nyssa\/\" >Gregory of Nyssa<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gregory Palamas (1296 \u2013 1359)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea7n b\u00ed trong ni\u1ec1m tin. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf Constantinople \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1318, \u00f4ng v\u00e0o tu vi\u1ec7n \u1edf n\u00fai Athos, Hy-l\u1ea1p,\u00a0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 \u201chuy\u1ec1n b\u00ed th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.\u201d Sau nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i n\u00fai Athos tu h\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u201cgi\u00e1o l\u00fd huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh,\u201d nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh, bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh theo Ch\u00faa, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00e1nh. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00fd (&lt;em&gt;l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch xa&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gregory-palamas-1296-1359\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gregory-palamas-1296-1359\/\" >Gregory Palamas (1296 \u2013 1359)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gregory, of Nazianzus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gregory, of Nazianzus&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ca 329 \u2013 389&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Cappadocian (v\u00f9ng ti\u1ec3u \u00c1). Gregory \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o theo Ch\u00faa, cha \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. \u00d4ng theo h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Basil (khi c\u00f2n \u1edf Ather, Hy-l\u1ea1p). V\u1ec1 sau Basil l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Basil m\u1eddi v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m Tu Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng, chuy\u00ean d\u00e0nh th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Origen. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap ba \u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ba \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi (374). V\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Coastantinnople nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u d\u1ea1y trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. S\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;Orations&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, bao g\u1ed3m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u01b0 John Chysostom quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;On the Priesthood&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, Gregory I, quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Pastoral Rule&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Ephesus 431, Chalcedon 451. \u00d4ng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh trong gi\u00e1m l\u00fd Ba Ng\u00f4i Hi\u1ec7p M\u1ed9t.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gregory-of-nazianzus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gregory-of-nazianzus\/\" >Gregory, of Nazianzus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ground of Being&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u0103n C\u01a1 Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o gia Paul Tillich (1886 - 1965) d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 (reality) hay sinh h\u1eefu (being) trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. T\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Being&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Sinh Th\u1ec3 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi), c\u00f2n being (h\u1eefu th\u1ec3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ground-of-being\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ground-of-being\/\" >Ground of Being<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Guilt&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f3 T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng xa c\u00e1ch xa l\u1ea1 (estrange) v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00ec c\u1edb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao 2 chi\u1ec1u \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u2013 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed5\/ \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5\/ ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c x\u1ea5u xa c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/guilt\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/guilt\/\" >Guilt<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Gutenberg Bible (1456)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh Gutenburg&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in \u1edf Mainz, \u0110\u1ee9c. B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch b\u1edfi \u00d4ng Johann Gutenberg (c 1397 \u2013 1468). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Sau n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Mazarin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gutenberg-bible-1456\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/gutenberg-bible-1456\/\" >Gutenberg Bible (1456)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-h mix\" data-filter-base=\"h\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">H<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Habits&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00f3i quen&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;habere&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;to possess&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng trong n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. \u00dd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o d\u00e0i th\u1ee5ng c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01b0 th\u1ea7y, ma s\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/habits\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/habits\/\" >Habits<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hades&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ecfa Ng\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;G\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p (B\u1ea3n Kinh LXX, &lt;em&gt;hadeo)&lt;\/em&gt; d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb H\u00eab-r\u01a1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Sheol&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngay sau khi ch\u1ebft.\u00a0 Trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc mang s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng tin, kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u1edd th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u01a1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c v\u00e0 nghi\u1ebfn r\u0103ng (Gi\u00f4-na 2; Thi Thi\u00ean 139). Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, \u00a0t\u1eeb \u00a0\u00a0n\u00e0y \u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb gian \u00e1c (C\u00f4ng. 2:27; Khai. 20:13; Luc. 16:23; Mah. 11:23). V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, b\u1edfi d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft tha t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus m\u1edbi \u0111em t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed1n \/ c\u00f5i \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hades\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hades\/\" >Hades<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Haggadah&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec7n K\u00fd, Ti\u1ec3u S\u1eed, Ti\u1ec3u Truy\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;narrative&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec7n) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch do c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y rabbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n Israel kh\u1ecfi Ai-c\u1eadp, chuy\u1ec7n Ch\u00faa Jesus gi\u00e1ng sinh, v.v\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/haggadah\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/haggadah\/\" >Haggadah<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hagiographe&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh V\u0103n, Th\u1ee9 \u00a0Kinh, Th\u00e1nh K\u00fd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;Sacred Writings&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n k\u00fd thu\u1eadt, vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng th\u1ee9 3 sau b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh Kinh Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Scripture&lt;\/em&gt;, 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt; source), Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n (&lt;em&gt;Cannon&lt;\/em&gt;, 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt; source, c\u00f2n trong s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh), v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Hagiography&lt;\/em&gt;, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p hay ti\u00ean tri, nh\u01b0ng thu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec7n k\u00fd, v\u0103n th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Thi Thi\u00ean, Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n, Gi\u00f3p, Ru-t\u01a1, Ca Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nh\u00e3 Ca, Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o, E-x\u01a1-t\u00ea, \u0110a-ni-\u00ean, I, II S\u1eed K\u00fd, \u00ca-x\u01a1-ra, v\u00e0 N\u00ea-h\u00ea-mi. C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt k\u00fd, b\u00fat k\u00fd (&lt;em&gt;writing&lt;\/em&gt;s) \u2013 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 &lt;strong&gt;hagiography&lt;\/strong&gt; \/ &lt;strong&gt;hagiology (&lt;\/strong&gt;Hyl. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Hagio&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d Holy: Th\u00e1nh, \u201c&lt;em&gt;graphein&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d vi\u1ebft\/ to write, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n th\u00e1nh, h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Hagiolatry&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hagiographe\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hagiographe\/\" >Hagiographe<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hagiography \/ Hagiology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u201c&lt;em&gt;Hagio&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d Holy: Th\u00e1nh, \u201c&lt;em&gt;graphein&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d vi\u1ebft\/ to write, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n th\u00e1nh, h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Hagiolatry&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hagiography-hagiology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hagiography-hagiology\/\" >Hagiography \/ Hagiology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hail Mary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mary T\u00f4n K\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ave-Maria&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 mang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng Trinh N\u1eef Ma-ri trong l\u00fac c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o th\u0103m c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 Gab-ri-\u00ean (Lu-ca 1:28), v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a E-li-sa-bet (Lu-ca 1:42).\u00a0 H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong gi\u1edd t\u0129nh nguy\u1ec7n, t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hail-mary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hail-mary\/\" >Hail Mary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Halakah&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;walk&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9, l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong lu\u1eadt Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadt Ch\u00faa trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Haggadah&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;, do c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y rabbi).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/halakah\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/halakah\/\" >Halakah<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Halelugia&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ha-l\u00ea-lu-gia \u2013 Ng\u1ee3i Khen Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u1ee3i Khen \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Praise the Lord&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;strong&gt;\u05d4\u05b7\u05a5\u05dc\u05b0\u05dc\u05d5\u05bc&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/biblehub.com\/hebrew\/hallu_1984.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;hal-l\u016b&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;) \u201c&lt;em&gt;praise&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, \u201challeh\u201d (&lt;em&gt;t\u00f4n ng\u1ee3i, khoe ra, rao l\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 \u201cjah\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;). Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;all\u00e9louia&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, d\u1ecbch theo ti\u1ebfng Anh \u201c&lt;em&gt;alleluia(h)&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng t\u00f4n ng\u1ee3i cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ph\u00fa v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Thi Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n N\u0103ng. Trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean (Thi 113-118; 135; 145-150). &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Halle&lt;\/strong&gt;h.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/halelugia\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/halelugia\/\" >Halelugia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Halfway Covenant 1662&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o \u01af\u1edbc N\u1eeda V\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh Gi\u00e1o (Puritans) \u1edf Massa-chuset, Hoa K\u1ef3. H\u1ecd tin v\u00e0o l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0103n n\u0103n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng B\u00e1p-tem cho con n\u00edt ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn t\u00edn h\u1eefu t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (Reform) \u1edf Anh sang. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00e1i b\u00e1p-tem. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Halfway Covenant&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u1ea5y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng cho tr\u1ebb em d\u1ef1 L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi Jonathan Edward ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00e0o Hoa K\u1ef3, \u00f4ng m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u00edn h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/halfway-covenant-1662\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/halfway-covenant-1662\/\" >Halfway Covenant 1662<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Halleh&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u1ee3i Ca, T\u00f4n K\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;strong&gt;\u05d4\u05b7\u05a5\u05dc\u05b0\u05dc\u05d5\u05bc&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/biblehub.com\/hebrew\/hallu_1984.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;hal-l\u016b&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;) \u201c&lt;em&gt;praise&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u1edf trong s\u00e1ch Thi Thi\u00ean, c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 165 l\u1ea7n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf Thi Thi\u00ean 113 \u2013 118 v\u00e0 104 \u2013 150. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n ng\u1ee3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Hallelujah (Alleluia).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/halleh\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/halleh\/\" >Halleh<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hallow\/ Halloween&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n Th\u00e1nh\/\/ Th\u1ea7n\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (Ti\u1ebfng Anglo-saxon, \u201c&lt;em&gt;halig&lt;\/em&gt;, \u201choly\u201d) d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m ra th\u00e1nh, bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh, hay th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Halloween (Hallow-eve), \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10\/31 v\u00e0 cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh (All Saints Day) l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 11\/1. V\u1ec1 sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o v\u00f9ng \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u (&lt;em&gt;t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Druid&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 cho c\u00e1c \u201c&lt;em&gt;Devil&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ghost&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Ma, Qu\u1ef7) tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 \u201c&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a \u201c&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c Ma&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c Qu\u1ef7&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u201c&lt;em&gt;h\u1ed3n ma&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i lang thang kh\u1eafp nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xin th\u1ee9c \u0103n, v\u00e0 t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hallow-halloween\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hallow-halloween\/\" >Hallow\/ Halloween<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hamartia&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u1eadt M\u1ee5c \u0110\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: \u201cMissing the mark\u201d (&lt;em&gt;l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau\/\u0111\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\u201d (&lt;em&gt;sin&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng theo \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Luc. 5:21; Gi\u0103ng 18:6; Rom. 6:23; Heb. 9:28).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hamartia\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hamartia\/\" >Hamartia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hand, Laying on of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eb7t Tay L\u1ec5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh hay C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1\/h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c \u01a1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn g\u00ec. Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc (S\u00e1ng 48) v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ghi r\u00f5. Trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c trao ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh (C\u00f4ng 8:18; 13:3; 19:6; I Tim. 4:14).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hand-laying-on-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hand-laying-on-of\/\" >Hand, Laying on of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Happiness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ea1nh Ph\u00fac&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng chung trong nh\u00e2n gian di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 vui m\u1eebng, b\u00ecnh an, ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh cho m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 vui m\u1eebng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc, n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u vui m\u1eebng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y l\u00f2ng l\u1eabn ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, \u0111au-kh\u1ed5...&lt;br \/&gt;\nTheo Th\u00e1nh Kinh Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong 6 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y:&lt;br \/&gt;\n- H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ed1ng trong Ng\u00e0i. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thi th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 trong Thi-Thi\u00ean 144:15, v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2m-Ng\u00f4n16:20).&lt;br \/&gt;\n- H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn cho k\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p (Ch\u00e2m 29:18; Thi 128:1) \u2013 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.&lt;br \/&gt;\n- H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng ai higher bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng an b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi tha nh\u00e2n (Thi 133:1; Mat.19:18-19; I Cor. 13).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;- H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 (Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n 14:21).&lt;br \/&gt;\n- H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai bi\u1ebft\/ th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (S\u00e1ng. 2:15; Ch\u00e2m. 12:27; I Tes. 4:11; II Tes. 3:6-13).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n- H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan th\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan gi\u00fap\/ c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi (Ch\u00e2m 3:13; 9:10; Phil. 4:5-9; 4:12; Math. 23:23). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan th\u1eadt lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, l\u00f2ng t\u1ea1 \u01a1n, l\u00f2ng tha th\u1ee9, l\u00f2ng hy v\u1ecdng, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 dung ho\u00e0, theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f3 \u00edch cho tha nh\u00e2n, d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf l\u00f2ng \u00edch k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/happiness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/happiness\/\" >Happiness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hardening (hardness) of Heart&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9ng L\u00f2ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. L\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi hay s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Vua Pha-ra-on, kh\u00f4ng cho d\u00e2n Israel \u0111i (Xu\u1ea5t 3-4). D\u00e2n Israel \u0111i trong \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eafng (Xu\u1ea5t \u2013 Ph\u1ee5c.). D\u00e2n Israel khi s\u1ed1ng trong x\u1ee9 Ca-na-an (C\u00e1c Quan X\u00e9t). Vua Sau-l\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vua th\u1edd th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn chia \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n Israel kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ph\u00fac \u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd (Gi\u0103ng 1:9; C\u00f4ng 1; Kh\u1ea3i 28).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hardening-hardness-of-heart\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hardening-hardness-of-heart\/\" >Hardening (hardness) of Heart<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Harmonigtic School&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u01b0-\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i Dung H\u00f2a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai theo hay c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng dung h\u00f2a, nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u kinh k\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, hay gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/harmonigtic-school\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/harmonigtic-school\/\" >Harmonigtic School<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Harnack, Adolf (1851 \u2013 1930)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Harnack, Adolf&lt;\/strong&gt; (1851 \u2013 1930). L\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia, s\u1eed gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c. Con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u1edf Darpat, Leipzig r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Leipzig, Giessun v\u00e0 Marburg tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn Berlin 1891. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen ng\u1ee3i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn I. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn I,\u00a0 \u00f4ng xa l\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edfi v\u00ec gia nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng Ho\u00e0 Weimar. \u00d4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Karl Barth. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1ea3i kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ed5 (th\u1eddi gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5). Nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang Anh Ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: &lt;em&gt;History of Dogmar&lt;\/em&gt; (1894 \u2013 1899, 7 volums), &lt;em&gt;The Mission Expansion in the First Three Centuries&lt;\/em&gt; (1904 \u2013 1905, 2 vols.). &lt;em&gt;The Constitution and Law of the Church in the First Two Centuries&lt;\/em&gt; (1910). &lt;em&gt;Luke the Physician&lt;\/em&gt; (1907). &lt;em&gt;The Sayings of Jesus&lt;\/em&gt; (1908); &lt;em&gt;The Acts of the Apostles &lt;\/em&gt;(1909), &lt;em&gt;and The Date and the Acts and of the Synoptic Gospel&lt;\/em&gt; (1911). \u0110i\u1ec3m son m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 (1) \u0110\u01b0a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00e1nh Kinh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eddi trong l\u00fac th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ni\u1ec1m tin. (2) Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u00fac \u00e2m (gospel) t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin, qua s\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;What is Christianity&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o L\u00e0 G\u00ec?), v\u00e0 (3) Ng\u00f4i N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua ch\u00e2n dung Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cC\u00f4ng B\u00ecnh Cao H\u01a1n\u201d qua lu\u1eadt y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/harnack-adolf-1851-1930\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/harnack-adolf-1851-1930\/\" >Harnack, Adolf (1851 \u2013 1930)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Harrowing of Hell&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 S\u00e2u Th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111en t\u1ed1i, h\u1ea9m hiu, s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus tr\u00ean Sa-tan. V\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft (I Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 3-4), \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed1n s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em tin l\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/harrowing-of-hell\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/harrowing-of-hell\/\" >Harrowing of Hell<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hartford Appeal For Theological Affirmation (1975)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Minh \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u00edn L\u00fd Hartford, 1975&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n minh \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00edn l\u00fd l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y do 18 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng chung n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1ea3n T\u00edn L\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd chung v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hartford-appeal-for-theological-affirmation-1975\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hartford-appeal-for-theological-affirmation-1975\/\" >Hartford Appeal For Theological Affirmation (1975)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hartshoring Charles (1897-)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hartshoring Charles&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;1897-)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0\u00a0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng (ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft), Process Theology. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Hartshorne \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi Alfred N.Whitefield, c\u1ea3 hai su\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1930\u2019s v\u00e0 1960\u2019s cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n trong c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch (&lt;em&gt;bipola&lt;\/em&gt;): v\u1eeba ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi &lt;em&gt;(primordial&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 v\u1eeba ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn (process), v\u1eeba si\u00eau bi\u1ebfn (&lt;em&gt;transcendence&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i (i&lt;em&gt;mmanence&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;temporary&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu (&lt;em&gt;premanance&lt;\/em&gt;), theo c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc si\u00eau h\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hartshoring-charles-1897\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hartshoring-charles-1897\/\" >Hartshoring Charles (1897-)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hate&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gh\u00e9t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 \u201cs&lt;em&gt;ane&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p. \u201c&lt;em&gt;misein&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;odium&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi \u201cy\u00eau.\u201d Hai t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch nhau, t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u201cGh\u00e9t\u201d l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u0103n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Gal. 5:20); ganh t\u1ecb, ganh gh\u00e9t c\u00f2n t\u00e0n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (Gia-c\u01a1 3: 14-16), \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa.. T\u1eeb \u201cgh\u00e9t\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi: ganh t\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ecb, ghen t\u1ecb, ghen t\u01b0\u01a1ng, tranh c\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng chung l\u1ebd th\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u201cgh\u00e9t\u201d lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 Ch\u00faa n\u1eefa (Gi\u0103ng 15:23).&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 trong B\u1ea3n Kinh 70 (LXX) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng khi hai \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 v\u1edbi nhau (S\u00e1ng 26:27; II Sam.58; I Vua 22:8). T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gh\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch: - \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi gh\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec1u gian \u00e1c (Thi Thi\u00ean 97:10). - \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi gh\u00e9t k\u1ebb th\u1edd h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ti\u00ean Tri). - \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi gh\u00e9t k\u1ebb gian d\u1ed1i v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i g\u1edbm ghi\u1ebfc k\u1ebb gi\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh (Ph\u1ee5c 12:31; 16:22; Jer. 44:4) v.v\u2026 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i qua Ch\u00faa Jesus nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u201ck\u1ebb gi\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh\u201d qua Ma-thi-\u01a1 23. Cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i \u201cgh\u00e9t\u201d t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec gh\u00e9t \u201ct\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\u201d m\u00e0 hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i m\u1edf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u201c\u0103n n\u0103n\u201d nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u201cxo\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1i gh\u00e9t\u201d (t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i) tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i trong sa m\u1ea1c Si-nai \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n, d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean ch\u1ecdc t\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc cho Ch\u00faa gh\u00e9t\u2026 nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi h\u1ecd \u0103n n\u0103n, Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m s\u1eeda v\u00e0 m\u1eadt\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hate\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hate\/\" >Hate<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hatfield, Council of (680)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Hatfield, 680&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 680 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c v\u1ecb (monothelitism), - ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ba ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00edn l\u00ed chung, v\u00e0 \u2013 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh trong Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hatfield-council-of-680\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hatfield-council-of-680\/\" >Hatfield, Council of (680)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Heal, Healing&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1eefa, Ch\u1eefa B\u1ec7nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eabn h\u1ed3n linh v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ch\u00ed. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng cao c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh (III Gi\u0103ng). Ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u1ea1nh kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o si\u00eau nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho k\u1ebb \u0111au y\u1ebfu (Ph\u1ee5c 32:39). C\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111au y\u1ebfu c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn cho d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 (D\u00e2n. 12:9-15; II S\u1eed. 21:18-19; 26:16-21), v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng ban cho k\u1ebb \u0103n n\u0103n v\u00e0 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi (S\u00e1ng. 20:17; Thi. 41:5) cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia Israel (II S\u1eed. 11:15). Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh c\u00e0ng minh t\u1ecf h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng theo Ch\u00faa. Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o cho gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u201cch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh\u201d l\u00e0 \u00e2n t\u1ee9 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ban cho nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tin. Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n Thi\u1ebfu \u00e2n t\u1ee9 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u2013g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110TL. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u01a1n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh (I Cor. 13, 14; Gal. 5), v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o theo Ga-la-ti 5:23 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110TL. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;Spiritual Gifts&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heal-healing\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heal-healing\/\" >Heal, Healing<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Heart&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tim, T\u1ea5m L\u00f2ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t huy \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m linh. T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Heb. \u201c&lt;em&gt;leb&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 Hyl. \u201c&lt;em&gt;kardia&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf trong \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u00e1y&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (devious), \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea3o&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (perverse, Gi\u00ea. 17:9), s\u1ef1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;trong tr\u1eafng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (pure, Matt. 5:8), s\u1ef1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;ngay th\u1eb3ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Thi. 32:11), \u201c&lt;em&gt;l\u00f2ng trong s\u1ea1ch\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (upright, Thi. 51:10). V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean (I Sam. 16:7, E-sai 55:8-9). V\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m tr\u00ean \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed1i\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Thi. 51:17) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng; v\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 (l\u00f2ng) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i (Thi. 14:1; 51:10, 66:18).\u00a0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 ghi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng\u2026 \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i\u2026th\u00ec l\u00f2ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Matt. 7) \u201c&lt;em&gt;l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a\u2026\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Gal. 5), &lt;em&gt;l\u00f2ng \u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt; (Roman 4-3)\u2026 N\u00f3i chung, t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec1 trong, l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heart\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heart\/\" >Heart<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Heaven&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ti\u1ebfng Heb. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Samayim&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u1edf tr\u00ean cao), ti\u1ebfng Hyl. \u201c&lt;em&gt;ouranos&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (sky, air, \u1edf tr\u00ean cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, S\u00e1ng. 1:20). L\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi theo ngh\u0129a Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Trong n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng l\u00e0: (1) n\u01a1i \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai tin theo Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. (2) Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, th\u1ec3 thi\u00ean; (3) N\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ng\u1ef1 v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n cai qu\u1ea3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (Kh\u1ea3i. 21); v\u00e0 (4) N\u01a1i vui s\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1nh ph\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (Kh\u1ea3i. 21); (5) N\u01a1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heaven\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heaven\/\" >Heaven<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hebrew&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;N&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;g\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00eab-r\u01a1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, Ti\u1ebfng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;H\u00eab-r\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb d\u00e2n H\u00eab-r\u01a1, l\u00e0 d\u00e2n Israel (\u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 It-ra-\u00ean hay I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean), l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t cho Gia-c\u1ed1p (S\u00e1ng. 32), khi \u00f4ng v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f2i cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng Do-th\u00e1i (&lt;em&gt;Jewish&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y \u1edf Ba-by-lon khi v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i bang g\u1ecdi. Trong th\u1eddi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 1-2 AD) c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00eab-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 Christian (C\u00f4ng 6:1) l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i, Aramaic-speaking Christian (Kr\u00edt-t\u00f4 nh\u00e2n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Aram).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hebrew\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hebrew\/\" >Hebrew<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hebrew Scriptures&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh H\u00eab-r\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 (thu\u1ed9c) C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kinh H\u00eab-r\u01a1 c\u00f3 24 s\u00e1ch, Ti\u00ean Tri: 8 s\u00e1ch, V\u0103n Th\u01b0: 11 s\u00e1ch, c\u1ed9ng chung l\u00e0 39 s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i - Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hebrew-scriptures\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hebrew-scriptures\/\" >Hebrew Scriptures<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hedonism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Kho\u00e1i L\u1ea1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hyl. \u201chedome\u201d (&lt;em&gt;kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c, h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cy-ren. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 Cy-ren \u0111\u00e3 tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 c\u00e1i \u201ckho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c, th\u1ecfa l\u00f2ng\u201d, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm. V\u1ec1 sau, h\u1ecd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00ca-thi-cu-r\u01a1 tin r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hay kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn s\u1ed1ng khe kh\u1eafc, ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hedonism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hedonism\/\" >Hedonism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hegel, Georg Wilhem Friedrich (1770 \u2013 1831)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft Gia G.H.F.\u00a0 Hegel,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;1770 \u2013 1831&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;G\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4 b\u1ed9c \u1edf Stuttgard, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tubingen, 1793. \u00d4ng gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o (tutor) cho gi\u1edbi quan quy\u1ec1n. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Jena, 1801. B\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Schelling khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung v\u1edbi ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat t\u1edd \u201c&lt;em&gt;Critical Journal of Philosoply&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qua s\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Phenomi-nology of Spirit&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. V\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u1ea3y ra (1807), t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Nuremberg. Sau \u0111\u00f3, 1816, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Heidelberg, Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Tri\u1ebft \u1edf Berlin, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nN\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c, trong l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c. Theo \u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed (mind) l\u00e0 th\u1eadt (real), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1i th\u1eadt (real) l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 th\u1eadt.&lt;br \/&gt;\nV\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, Hegel \u0111\u01b0a ra 4 b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (Absolute). (1) Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o (Natural Religion) \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u1ebfm th\u1ea7n (animism). (2) R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ea7n \u1edf trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (God in human beings). (3) Th\u1ea7n (Ch\u00faa) nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 - t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (historic Christianity). Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhau v\u1edbi tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c qua \u201cB\u00e0i Gi\u1ea3ng Tr\u00ean N\u00fai\u201d - \u1ede m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 (4) tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1 (thesis- antithesis - synthesis).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nN\u00f3i chung, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi) s\u1eed t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (Religion). \u00d4ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c (mind) \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm tr\u00ean tri\u1ebft gia Kierkegard v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c, t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean Karl Marx v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng (historical dialetic). Marx \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi Hegel qua t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn (idealic) v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn (material), c\u00f2n t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft duy t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft duy v\u1eadt (idealism \u2013 materialism) v\u00e0o trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hegel-georg-wilhem-friedrich-1770-1831\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hegel-georg-wilhem-friedrich-1770-1831\/\" >Hegel, Georg Wilhem Friedrich (1770 \u2013 1831)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Heidegger, Martin (1889 \u2013 1976)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft Gia Hi\u1ec7n Sinh M. Heidegger,&lt;\/em&gt; 1889 \u2013 1976&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia hi\u1ec7n sinh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i kinh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Baden, \u0110\u1ee9c. Th\u1ee7a nh\u1ecf theo h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi Hesserl quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;Being and Time&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eb7ng Husserl 1927. Nh\u01b0ng 6 n\u0103m sau, 1933 \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Husserl v\u00e0 l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Heidegger, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu phi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u2013 m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb qu\u0103ng v\u00e0o trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sao t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi. M\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u k\u00edn trong l\u1edbp v\u1ecf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u1eadt (genuine), khi m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba (self \u2013 knowledge away from self \u2013 betrayal). \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i h\u1eefu v\u00f4 (nothingness). V\u00e0 ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 4 ch\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng sau \u0111\u00e2y, d\u00f9 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: (1) C\u00f3 c\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n sinh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. (2) \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. (3) \u00d4ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u00ec C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0ng \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y ph\u00e1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu. (4) Heidegger \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u201cLanguage is a house of being\u201d (&lt;em&gt;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;). Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Bultman v\u00e0 Tillich trong chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u201c&lt;em&gt;gi\u1ea3i kinh thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 s\u1eed t\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (grammatical \u2013 histrorical hermeneutics).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heidegger-martin-1889-1976\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heidegger-martin-1889-1976\/\" >Heidegger, Martin (1889 \u2013 1976)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Heidelberg Catechism (1563)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Tin To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu Heidelberg&lt;\/em&gt;, 1563&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Zacharias Ursinus (1536 \u2013 1587). B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, x\u00e1c minh ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther (v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1546 b\u1edfi Elector Federick II), so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nho trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tranh c\u1ea3i c\u00e3i n\u00e0y lan tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1563, Zacharias \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t b\u1edfi Frederick III. Sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Heidelberg v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 19\/ 1\/1563.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heidelberg-catechism-1563\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heidelberg-catechism-1563\/\" >Heidelberg Catechism (1563)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Heilsgeschichte&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u201c&lt;em&gt;History of Salvation&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Qua t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, l\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1eed Th\u00e1nh\u201d b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u1edf S\u00e1ng 3:15. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecdn Abram \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n, r\u1ed3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n Israel ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn khi Ch\u00faa Jesus ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y sau r\u1ed1t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh Gi\u0103ng 5:39 hay Gi\u0103ng 3:16. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi J.A. Bengel (1687 \u2013 1752). Sau \u0111\u00f3, J.J. Beck \u1edf Tubingen (1804 \u2013 1878) v\u00e0 J.C. K von Hofmann (1840 \u2013 1877) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy \u00fd n\u00e0y l\u1edbn ra. V\u1ec1 sau, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia l\u01b0u d\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;\u00a0 \u2013 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; , v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Oscar Cullmann, W.G. Kummel, C.H. Dodd, W. Vischer, G von Rad v\u00e0 W. Zimmerli\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heilsgeschichte\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heilsgeschichte\/\" >Heilsgeschichte<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hein, Karl (1874 \u2013 1958)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hein, Karl&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;1874 \u2013 1958&lt;\/em&gt;)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 50 n\u0103m trong ch\u1ee9c nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o. Sau khi d\u1ea1y \u1edf Halle v\u00e0 Munster, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u1edf Tubingen t\u1eeb n\u0103m 46 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3n \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cao \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Tin &lt;\/em&gt;hay &lt;em&gt;Bi Quan Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft &lt;\/em&gt;(Skepticism or Decision of Faith). \u0110\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Jesus l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin th\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng, t\u00e2m linh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c hay thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang Anh Ng\u1eef: &lt;em&gt;God Transendents&lt;\/em&gt; (1935) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Christian Faith and Natural Science&lt;\/em&gt; (1953).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hein-karl-1874-1958\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hein-karl-1874-1958\/\" >Hein, Karl (1874 \u2013 1958)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Helenistic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thu\u1ed9c \u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Helen&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/helenistic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/helenistic\/\" >Helenistic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Helenistic World&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Helen&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n x\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i sau khi Alexandria the Greek (356 \u2013 323, BC) \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p ranh Ai-c\u1eadp, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc \u00c2u trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/helenistic-world\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/helenistic-world\/\" >Helenistic World<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hell&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ho\u1ea3 Ng\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;Geena&lt;\/em&gt;, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Gehenna&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;hell&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft). Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, &lt;em&gt;hell&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf sau khi ch\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 xa c\u00e1ch Ng\u00e0i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (Math. 25:30; Luk. 10:15; Khai 20:13-15). C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c trong ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u00e9ol&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: &lt;em&gt;the grave, hell, the pit&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00a0Trong C\u01af t\u1eeb \u00c2m Ph\u1ee7 (&lt;em&gt;Sheol&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u khi \u00f4ng Gia-c\u1ed1p kh\u00f3c, khi nghe Gi\u00f4-s\u00e9p b\u1ecb th\u1ee9 d\u1eef x\u00e9 x\u00e1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c con \u00f4ng l\u00fac \u1edf Ca-na-an. V\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, khi c\u00e1c con trai \u0111\u00f2i \u0111em B\u00ean-gia-min \u0111i. S\u00e1ng 37:35; 42:38 &lt;strong&gt;\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05d0\u05b9\u0591\u05dc\u05b8\u05d4&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0161\u0259\u00b7\u2019\u014d\u00b7l\u0101h). &lt;\/em&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong Anh ng\u1eef d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cSheol\u201d hay \u201cgrave\u201d (KJ), c\u00f3 khi l\u00e0 \u201chell\u201d (Exe 31:16, 17, KJ). Trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u00c2m ph\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (II Sam 22:6). Trong Ma-thi-\u01a1 5:22,28,28; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15, d\u1ecbch \u201c\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c\u201d Ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 \u201cHell.\u201d \u03b3\u03ad\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd, &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/biblehub.com\/greek\/geennan_1067.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;geennan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt; (hell). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, 3 t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Hell:&lt;\/em&gt; Ho\u1ea3 ng\u1ee5c, \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. &lt;em&gt;Sheol: &lt;\/em&gt;\u00c2m ph\u1ee7; hay &lt;em&gt;Grave&lt;\/em&gt;, M\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi d\u1ecbch l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n.&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng hay \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u ngay sau \u0111\u00f3? S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 v\u00ec, qua c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u00e0 Gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 La-xa-r\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d Ngay sau khi ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u201c\u00c2m Ph\u1ee7\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Hades, Hell&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u00f2n La-xa-r\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u201cl\u00f2ng Ab-ra-ham.\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Pa-ra-di?&lt;\/em&gt;) V\u1eady, l\u00f2ng Ab-ra-ham v\u00e0 \u00c2m Ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o?&lt;br \/&gt;\nTheo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qua l\u1ea1i theo nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Lu-ca \u0111\u00e3 ghi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft: (1) N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Pa-ra-di, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m, \u201c&lt;em&gt;H\u00f4m nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u1edbi Ta \u1edf Pa-ra-\u0111i&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d\u00a0 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Luca g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng Ab-ra-ham, n\u01a1i vui v\u1ebb, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng. (2) N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin theo Ch\u00faa, sau khi ch\u1ebft linh h\u1ed3n h\u1ecd v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u00c2m Ph\u1ee7, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf trong l\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed7i\u2026 H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. L\u00e0 l\u00fac ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, l\u00fac \u201cT\u1eadn Chung\u201d. Theo S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 G\u0103ng ghi trong s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 20:11-15. Khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng k\u00e8n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebft l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cTo\u00e0 \u00c1n Tr\u1eafng\u201d. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi t\u00ean trong \u201cS\u00e1ch S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng,\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua b\u1edfi d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai tin nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Con \u0110CT, t\u00f4n Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110CT th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 \u201cThi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Heaven&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean trong s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb qu\u0103ng v\u00e0o \u201cH\u1ecfa Ng\u1ee5c\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Hell&lt;\/em&gt;), n\u01a1i, c\u00f3 kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, nghi\u1ebfn r\u0103ng, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi\u2026 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai. C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c. Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft trong h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. (&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Heaven&lt;\/strong&gt;). (Gi\u00f3p 17:13, Thi. 16:10, E-sai 38:10; Cong 2:27, 31; Luc. 16:26; I Cor. 15:55. Math. 23:15; 25:30; Luc 10:15; Gi\u0103ng 3:16, 36, Kh\u1ea3i.20:11-15).&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau, ngay sau khi ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin Ch\u00faa b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u201c\u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Grave&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u1eefng ai tin Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u201cPa-ra-di\u201d (\u0110\u1ecba \u0110\u00e0ng) &lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt; cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Sau khi Ph\u00e1n X\u00e9t xong, nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng tin Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ee9 Hai, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u00c2m Ph\u1ee7, n\u01a1i Ho\u1ea3 Ng\u1ee5c (&lt;em&gt;Hell, Sheol)&lt;\/em&gt; n\u01a1i l\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi\u2026 C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ai tin Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd cho v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Sheol, Grave&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hell\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hell\/\" >Hell<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hellenism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Helen&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy-l\u1ea1p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Hy-l\u1ea1p (non-Greek), c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-Th\u00e1i, kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 356-323 B.C. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u0103n ho\u00e1. K\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e3i sau n\u00e0y trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 diapora (Sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbc Israel s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed7. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c T\u00edn H\u1eefu Crist-nh\u00e2n (Christian Edu-cation) kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hellenism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hellenism\/\" >Hellenism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hemerneutical Method&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Gi\u1ea3i Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hemerneutical-method\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hemerneutical-method\/\" >Hemerneutical Method<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hemerneutical Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Kinh Gi\u1ea3i&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 suy c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc qua s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hemerneutical-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hemerneutical-theology\/\" >Hemerneutical Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Henotheism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9c Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hyl. \u201c&lt;em&gt;henos&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u201cone\u201d and \u201ctheos\u201d (god). Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Cao C\u1ea3, T\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ec9nh, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh (Xu\u1ea5t 20:3; Ph\u1ee5c 5:7). Ngo\u00e0i ta ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Yahveh Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Israel.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/henotheism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/henotheism\/\" >Henotheism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Heptateuch&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed9 Kinh Th\u1ea5t T\u1eadp. B\u1ed9 S\u00e1ch 7 Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hyl. \u201c&lt;em&gt;hepta&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u201cSeven\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;teuchas&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u201cs\u00e1ch\u201d. Danh t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p n\u00e0y \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00ean B\u1ed9 S\u00e1ch 7 Kinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, t\u1eeb S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd \u2013 Quan X\u00e9t: l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. 7 kinh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 theo s\u1eed li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heptateuch\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heptateuch\/\" >Heptateuch<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Heresy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sai, T\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sai, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hyl. qua ti\u1ebfng Anh, \u201cchoice\u201d. Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 d\u1ecbch cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: d\u1ecb t\u00edn, t\u00e0 t\u00edn, sai gi\u00e1o l\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u2013 ch\u1ec9 sai l\u1ec7ch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heresy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heresy\/\" >Heresy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Heresy Trail&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;T\u00e0 T\u00edn L\u1ed1i, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e0&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heresy-trail\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heresy-trail\/\" >Heresy Trail<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Heretic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Theo T\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heretic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heretic\/\" >Heretic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hermeneutic(s)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Di\u1ec5n Gi\u1ea3i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hyl. \u201c&lt;em&gt;herm\u00e9neu-tike&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Interpretation&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. L\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef hay b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hermeneutics-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hermeneutics-2\/\" >Hermeneutic(s)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hermeneutical Circle&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00e3nh V\u1ef1c Gi\u1ea3i Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i; v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hermeneutical-circle\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hermeneutical-circle\/\" >Hermeneutical Circle<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hermeneutical Question&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng V\u1ea5n Gi\u1ea3i&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u1ed5 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh ngh\u1ecb\u00eam hi\u1ec7n nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hermeneutical-question\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hermeneutical-question\/\" >Hermeneutical Question<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hermeneutics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ea3i Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a Th\u00e1nh Kinh (&lt;em&gt;biblical commentary&lt;\/em&gt;). Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (&lt;em&gt;analysis&lt;\/em&gt;) Th\u00e1nh Kinh, Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o, L\u1ecbch S\u1eed, Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef, V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 V\u0103n Ho\u00e1 v.v...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hermeneutics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hermeneutics\/\" >Hermeneutics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hermesianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Hermes, 1775 \u2013 1831&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Georg Hermes (1775-1831). Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 theo v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ee7a Immanuel Kant (1724 \u2013 1804).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hermesianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hermesianism\/\" >Hermesianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hermit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sa M\u1ea1c, \u0110\u1ed3ng Hoang&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;er\u00e9mia &lt;\/em&gt;\u201cdesert\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n trong sa-m\u1ea1c, r\u00fat ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u00edn ng\u1eef. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n, tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt;, trong Sa-m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Ai-c\u1eadp v\u00e0 Palestine. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u do St. Antony ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra monasticism (ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh). Th\u1eadt ra, \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu h\u00e0nh kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 (&lt;em&gt;asceaticism&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Clement v\u00e0 Origen \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho nh\u1eefng ai theo Ch\u00faa, nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa trong c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hermit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hermit\/\" >Hermit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hesychasm&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Tr\u1ea7m T\u1ec9nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;H\u00e9sychia&lt;\/em&gt; (quiet). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed lan r\u1ed9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Hy-l\u1ea1p do c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. H\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 tu, y\u00ean t\u0129nh v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbn \u0103n. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng T\u00e2m Ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Palamism&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh Gregory Palamas (C. 1296 \u2013 1359).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hesychasm\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hesychasm\/\" >Hesychasm<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Heteromony&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed1i Lu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Hetero&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (other) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;homos&lt;\/em&gt; (law). M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c hay \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heteromony\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heteromony\/\" >Heteromony<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Heteroousios&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed1i H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Hetero&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (other) ousios (being). T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Arius r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Con (Christ) l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t (substance) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 (being) v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;homoousios&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heteroousios\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heteroousios\/\" >Heteroousios<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Heterotopia&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u00e1c Thi\u00ean C\u1ea3nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tri\u1ebft gia Michel Foucault (1926 \u2013 1984) c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (postmordenism) \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n v\u0169 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau thay v\u00ec \u201c&lt;em&gt;Universe&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Multiverse&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (\u0110a Thi\u00ean C\u1ea3nh).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heterotopia\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/heterotopia\/\" >Heterotopia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hexateuch&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1u S\u00e1ch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. \u201c&lt;em&gt;hexa&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (s\u00e1u) t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho 6 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc (Kinh C\u1ed5 H\u00eab-r\u01a1) do h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc Julius Wellhausen (1844 \u2013 1918) trong n\u0103m 1876 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 H\u00eab-r\u01a1 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hexateuch\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hexateuch\/\" >Hexateuch<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hicks, Elias. Hicksites (1748 \u2013 1830)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hicks, Elias. Hicksites&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;1748 \u2013 1830&lt;\/em&gt;)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Amenican Friends (Quakers).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hicks-elias-hicksites-1748-1830\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hicks-elias-hicksites-1748-1830\/\" >Hicks, Elias. Hicksites (1748 \u2013 1830)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hierarchy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ec3 Ch\u1ebf Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cai tr\u1ecb, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edn h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hierarchy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hierarchy\/\" >Hierarchy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hierarchy of Truths&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ec3 Ch\u1ebf L\u1ebd Th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng khi Vatican Coumcil II (1962 \u2013 1965) ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd (doctrines) trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Christianity) quan tr\u1ecdng hay k\u00e9m quan tr\u1ecdng. Do s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u00f3, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap suy lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hierarchy-of-truths\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hierarchy-of-truths\/\" >Hierarchy of Truths<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;High \u2013 Priesthy Prayer of Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e0i C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 xem b\u00e0i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u1edf Gi\u0103ng 17 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 B\u00e0i C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n M\u1eabu M\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf - Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u201cthay th\u1ebf d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n\u201d v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u201cch\u1ebft thay cho d\u00e2n s\u1ef1.\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/high-priesthy-prayer-of-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/high-priesthy-prayer-of-jesus\/\" >High \u2013 Priesthy Prayer of Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;High Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Cao C\u1ea5p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1eb1ng trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 l\u1ed9c \u1edf c\u1ea5p cao so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef cao (high) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 nghi t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh nh\u01b0: L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem, L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 2 l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Tin l\u00e0nh (&lt;em&gt;Evangelicals&lt;\/em&gt;) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00edn l\u00fd, v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a High Church. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cLow Church\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Th\u1ea5p&lt;\/em&gt;), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee9 kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ec5 l\u1ed9c, nghi th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/high-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/high-church\/\" >High Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;High Priest&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7y Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. \u201c&lt;em&gt;archiereus&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 (Xu\u1ea5t 28), do Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf L\u1ec5 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1ea9m. Sau khi b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y \u1edf Ba-by-lon v\u1ec1, ch\u1ee9c cao \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Do-th\u00e1i (g\u1ecdi t\u1eafc Th\u1ea7y Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf). Trong kinh th\u01b0 H\u00eab-r\u01a1 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf cho d\u00e2n s\u1ef1.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/high-priest\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/high-priest\/\" >High Priest<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Higher Criticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00ea B\u00ecnh V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Cao&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/higher-criticism-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/higher-criticism-2\/\" >Higher Criticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Higher Criticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea9m V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Cao&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1885 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng cho vi\u1ec7c suy c\u1ee9u b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c (Form) \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n th\u1ec3 (Style) \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n xu\u1ea5t (Source) c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n V\u0103n Th\u00e1nh Kinh (Biblical Texts) v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;Low Criticism&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;B\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea9m V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Th\u1ea5p&lt;\/em&gt;) ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung b\u1ea3n v\u0103n (contents, text) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0u (transmission). \u00dd th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u00f9 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 minh ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c th\u1eadt trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. S\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean t\u1ea1o th\u00eam tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u01a1 h\u00e0nh, lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u2013 V\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/higher-criticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/higher-criticism\/\" >Higher Criticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Higher Life Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Cao H\u01a1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng do m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m T\u00edn H\u1eefu Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u1edf Anh v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; qua c\u01a1 quan v\u0103n ph\u1ea9m \u01b0u h\u1ea1ng (Best Selling and Keswick Convention). N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft, trong s\u1ea1ch, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng theo Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/higher-life-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/higher-life-theology\/\" >Higher Life Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hillel, School of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i Hillel&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Jesus, c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y Rabi Hillel, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i. Hillel \u0111\u00e3 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ai theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Shammai \u0111\u00e3 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c hay ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hillel-school-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hillel-school-of\/\" >Hillel, School of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hippolitus (Ca. 170 \u2013 ca. 236)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Hippolitus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy-l\u1ea1p, tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u1edf R\u00f4-ma. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o 1 cu\u1ed9c r\u1ea1ng n\u1ee9c chia r\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Callistus. C\u1ea3 \u00f4ng v\u00e0 G.M. Pontianus ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y \u1edf Sardinia trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u1eaft b\u1edb b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Maxinuis (235), La-m\u00e3.&lt;br \/&gt;\nV\u1ec1 sau, G.M. Callistus v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o. Hippolitus \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin. \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Refutation of all Heresies&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Apostolic&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Tradition&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d bao g\u1ed3m ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ante-Nicene Church nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem, Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, \u0110\u1eb7t Tay Th\u1ee5 Phong v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i \u0103n th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Commentary on Daniel&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Gi\u1ea3i Kinh \u0110a-ni-\u00ean). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i kinh s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa Callistus v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111a ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, Logos, Christo-logy, Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, s\u1ef1 tha t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hippolitus-ca-170-ca-236\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hippolitus-ca-170-ca-236\/\" >Hippolitus (Ca. 170 \u2013 ca. 236)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;His Holiness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng tung h\u00f4 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/his-holiness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/his-holiness\/\" >His Holiness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Historical \u2013 Critical  Method&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p B\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea9m L\u1ecbch S\u1eed\/ Thu\u1ea7n S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi Th\u00e1nh Kinh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u00f3a, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 minh gi\u1ea3i theo s\u1eed li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1edd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00e1c \u201c&lt;em&gt;cults&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (m\u00ea t\u00edn, d\u1ecb \u0111oan) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1ng tin theo khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tin theo tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historical-critical-method\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historical-critical-method\/\" >Historical \u2013 Critical  Method<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Historical Criticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00ea B\u00ecnh V\u0103n H\u1ecdc L\u1ecbch S\u1eed, &lt;\/em&gt;hay&lt;em&gt; Ph\u00ea B\u00ecnh V\u0103n H\u00f3a Thu\u1ea7n S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Form Criticism, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (historical couscious-ness), trong m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u00e0n m\u1ed5 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historical-criticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historical-criticism\/\" >Historical Criticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Historical Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Jesus L\u1ecbch S\u1eed, hay Ch\u00faa Jesus Thu\u1ea7n S\u1eed &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;\u00a0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u1eadu s\u1eed l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi s\u1eed li\u1ec7u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 nghi v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Albert Schweitzer (1875 \u2013 1965) qua quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Quest of Historical Jesus\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb c\u00e1i nghi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Th\u00e1nh Kinh ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c qua chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 minh \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eebng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus. R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i Historical Jesus tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng, s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u00faa Jesus tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;historic &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Hi\u1ec3n Minh L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;historical&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u2026 S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 so s\u00e1nh ni\u1ec1m tin &lt;strong&gt;Historical Jesus or Christ of Faith&lt;\/strong&gt; c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin th\u1eadt Ch\u00faa Jesus nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 ghi, hay ch\u1ec9 do l\u00f2ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng qua s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Christ (xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c Christ of Faith).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historical-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historical-jesus\/\" >Historical Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Historical Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jesus L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historical-jesus-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historical-jesus-2\/\" >Historical Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Historical Religion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o L\u1ecbch S\u1eed &lt;\/em&gt;hay&lt;em&gt; T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o Thu\u1ea7n S\u1eed &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi L\u1ecbch S\u1eed T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o (History of Religion). M\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u1eed li\u1ec7u \u2013 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1eed li\u1ec7u, s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1eed li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eed li\u1ec7u, s\u1eed t\u00ednh. Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn do c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctin t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u2013 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o,\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1o ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Christianity) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o (cults) m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan\u201d. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n: (1) Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed ng\u1eafn, (2) B\u1ec1 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang s\u1eed li\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n s\u1eed li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m h\u1eadu ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 (3) N\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft l\u00ed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historical-religion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historical-religion\/\" >Historical Religion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Historical Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc L\u1ecbch S\u1eed &lt;\/em&gt;hay&lt;em&gt; Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Thu\u1ea7n S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh (Church History) mang s\u1eed t\u00ednh, trong s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn trong hi\u1ec7n s\u1eed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;History of Theology&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng s\u1eed t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 suy x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o hay ni\u1ec1m tin li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ni\u1ec1m tin s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u00ea t\u00edn, d\u1ecb \u0111oan, thi\u1ebfu s\u1eed t\u00ednh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historical-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historical-theology\/\" >Historical Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Historicism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Thu\u1ea7n S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong ni\u1ec1m tin ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t tr\u00ean t\u00ednh s\u1eed, s\u1eed li\u1ec7u (bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed va h\u1eadu s\u1eed t\u00ednh ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c). N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eed li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i song song v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn s\u1eed t\u00ednh (Historical \u2013 Critical Method)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historicism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historicism\/\" >Historicism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Historicity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;S\u1eed T\u00ednh Thu\u1ed9c L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historicity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historicity\/\" >Historicity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Historie&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec3n Minh S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Geschichte&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 \u201chistorie or historic\u201d, \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 l\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c hay trong to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d T\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Heilsgeschichte&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d (Minh S\u1eed C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i). \u0110\u1ec3 r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a, B\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p Hoa K\u1ef3 sau khi ban h\u00e0nh th\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tr\u00ean to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf Nh\u00e2n Quy\u1ec1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historie\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/historie\/\" >Historie<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;History&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. v\u00e0 Lat. \u201c&lt;em&gt;historia&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1eeb \u201chistory\u201d bao g\u1ed3m 2 t\u1eeb, \u201chis\u201d c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u1ee7a \u00f4ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cstory\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi gh\u00e9p chung l\u1ea1i, \u201chistory\u201d ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. V\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d n\u00e0o? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ai? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i history l\u00e0 c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0110\u1ea5ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n.\u201d V\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u201c&lt;em&gt;L\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao vi\u1ebft l\u00ean cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a con gn\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t.\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;Khi Ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u201cCH\u00cdNH NG\u00c0I\u201d cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh th\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 L\u1ecbch S\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d: \u201c&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i d\u00f2 xem Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi: \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Ta v\u1eady\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;(Gi\u0103ng 5:39).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nNhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u1eabn qu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh \u2013 ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u2013 g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i \u2013 r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u KT tr\u00ean, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ra \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 mang m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/history\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/history\/\" >History<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;History of Doctrines&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o L\u00fd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ee9c tin. \u0110i xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd mang cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/history-of-doctrines\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/history-of-doctrines\/\" >History of Doctrines<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;History of Religion(s) School&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Religious Geschichtliche Schule&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. G\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/history-of-religions-school\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/history-of-religions-school\/\" >History of Religion(s) School<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;History, Theology of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc L\u1ecbch S\u1eed &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u2013 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc trong\/ qua con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. \u00dd th\u1ee9c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qua chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi m\u1ebb trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; trong gi\u1edbi C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc L\u1ecbch S\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eebng h\u1ed3i t\u1eebng l\u00fac tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong nh\u00e2n gian. Song song v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong c\u1ecfi tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t l\u00fd l\u1ebd trong s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao \u2013 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/history-theology-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/history-theology-of\/\" >History, Theology of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hocking, William Ernest (1873 \u2013 1966)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hocking, William Ernest&lt;\/strong&gt; (1873 \u2013 1966)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Hocking \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y \u1edf Andover Newton Theolo-gical School, \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Yale v\u00e0 Harvard. \u00d4ng chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m v\u00e0o tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Hoa K\u1ef3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean 18 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch. \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Meaning of God in Human Experience&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1912), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Human Nature and Its Remaking&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1918), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Rethin-king Mission&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1932), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Living Religion and a World Faith&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1940), v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 200 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i cho b\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7c san. Trong quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Rethinking Mission&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1932), \u00f4ng minh ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf. V\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa \u201cT\u00f4i\u201d (I) v\u00e0 \u201cNg\u00e0i\u201d (Thou) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi qua tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Tri\u1ebft Gia Descardes. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh nghi\u1ec7m bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa qua thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng qua tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i thuy\u1ebft minh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf Trung Hoa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hocking-william-ernest-1873-1966\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hocking-william-ernest-1873-1966\/\" >Hocking, William Ernest (1873 \u2013 1966)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hodge, Archibald Ale-xander (1823 \u2013 1886)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hodge, Archibald Ale-xander&lt;\/strong&gt; (1823 \u2013 1886)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 con l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Charles Hodge. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Calvin t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Princeton. A.A. Hodge t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc 1846. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u0129 (\u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o) \u1edf Allahabad \u1ea4n-\u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec l\u00fd do b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c bang Maryland, Virginia, v\u00e0 Pensylvania. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Life of Charles Hodge&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1880), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Outlines of Theology&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1860) bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. \u00d4ng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Angustine v\u00e0 Palagianism. S\u00e1ch\u201c&lt;em&gt;Outlines&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng. N\u0103m 1864, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n\u00a0 Western, Pittsburg. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft th\u00eam nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Atonement&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1867), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Exposi-tion of the Confesion of Faith&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1869) v\u00e0 l\u00e0m M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 \u1edf H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh North Presbyterian Church, Pittsburg, PA.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u1eeb n\u0103m 1877, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Princeton \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o cho ba c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Charles Hodge, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Calvin. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Chades Hodge \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Life of Charles Hodge&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1880,) s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00edch c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 sau, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn qua t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 ng\u1ed9 (inerancy) trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch trong vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, lu\u1eadt l\u00ea, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hodge-archibald-ale-xander-1823-1886\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hodge-archibald-ale-xander-1823-1886\/\" >Hodge, Archibald Ale-xander (1823 \u2013 1886)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hodge, Charles (1797 \u2013 1878)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hodge, Charles &lt;\/strong&gt;(1797 \u2013 1878)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Hoa K\u1ef3 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Princeton College, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Princeton Semiary. Sau khi 2 n\u0103m tu hu\u1ea5n \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 (1826 \u2013 1828). \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh (Biblical Literature) \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Princeton (1820 \u2013 1840), sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Archibald Alexandia, d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c m\u00f4n Di\u1ec5n Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua \u0111\u1eddi 1878. Trong khi d\u1ea1y, \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u201c&lt;em&gt;Biblical Repertory&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d and \u201c&lt;em&gt;Princeton Review&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (S\u00e1ng L\u1eadp n\u0103m1825 c\u1ee7a \u0110CV. Princeton). B\u00e1o n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn thi\u00ean t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 New Haven, N.W. Taylor t\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Charles Finney v\u00e0 Mercersburg. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u00e0n g\u1eafn s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o (1837 \u2013 1868), qua c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trung t\u00ednh trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a American Sunday School Union, qua \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Way of Life&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Gi\u1ea3i Kinh Romans, Ephesian v\u00e0 I, II Corinthians. S\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Systematic Theo-logy&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d g\u1ea7n 2,000 trang, l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ed9, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Calvin, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ef9. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oxfort, S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o sau n\u00e0y trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;\u00a0 v\u00e0 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o B\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea9m V\u0103n H\u00f3a Cao (&lt;em&gt;Higher Criticism&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hodge-charles-1797-1878\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hodge-charles-1797-1878\/\" >Hodge, Charles (1797 \u2013 1878)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hofmann, Johann Chris-tian Konral von (1810 \u2013 1877)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hofmann, Johann Chris-tian Konral von&lt;\/strong&gt; (1810 \u2013 1877)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i Erlangen v\u00e0 Berlin. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh, sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Berlin (1832), \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u1edf Erlangen (1838 \u2013 1842), v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1edf Rostock, 1842. Sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Erlangen 1845 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua \u0111\u1eddi. Trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u00f4ng d\u1ea1y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc nh\u01b0: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Salvation History&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (L\u1ecbch S\u1eed C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Kinh Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed D\u00e2n S\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00fac c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra Anh Ng\u1eef v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1959 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Interpreting Bible&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (nguy\u00ean b\u1ed5n, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1880). Tuy l\u00e0, thu\u1ed9c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec1m tin g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc C\u1ea3\u1ec9 Ch\u00e1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u01a1-r\u00edt \u00a0Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c GH Tin L\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hofmann-johann-chris-tian-konral-von-1810-1877\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hofmann-johann-chris-tian-konral-von-1810-1877\/\" >Hofmann, Johann Chris-tian Konral von (1810 \u2013 1877)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holiness Code&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u1ea5u Ch\u1ec9 Th\u00e1nh\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ban cho b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean (Lev. 17:26) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u00fd Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Xa h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holiness-code\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holiness-code\/\" >Holiness Code<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holiness Move-ment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o S\u1ed1ng Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb Anh Qu\u1ed1c do John Wesley (1703 \u2013 1791) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e1nh s\u1ea1ch (Santification), v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o (Perfection), tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a Krit-t\u00f4 Nh\u00e2n. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c anh em H\u1ec7 Ph\u00e1i Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u00e2n t\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh Linh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 (&lt;em&gt;Pentecostalism&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holiness-move-ment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holiness-move-ment\/\" >Holiness Move-ment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holiness, Churches&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u phong tr\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1ebf l\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a Kr\u00edt-t\u00f4 nh\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng theo v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Ch\u00faa. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 mang theo c\u1ea3 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holiness-churches\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holiness-churches\/\" >Holiness, Churches<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holistic Salvation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, t\u1eeb t\u00e2m linh v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi v\u1edbi v\u0129nh c\u1eefu.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holistic-salvation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holistic-salvation\/\" >Holistic Salvation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1 &lt;strong&gt;\u05e7\u05b8\u05d3\u059b\u05d5\u05b9\u05e9\u05c1&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/biblehub.com\/hebrew\/kadoosh_6918.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;q\u0101-\u1e0f\u014d-w\u014d\u0161&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf s\u00e1ch Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-dip 19:6, khi \u0110CT g\u1ecdi d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cD\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh.\u201d Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri, th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 118 l\u1ea7n trong C\u01af. Trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u1f05\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;em&gt;hagios&lt;\/em&gt; (set a part). L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf M\u00e1c 1:24 \u1f41\u00a0\u1f05\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u00a0\u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110CT, khi t\u00e0 ma x\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn 235 l\u1ea7n trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c. Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c &lt;em&gt;hal&lt;\/em&gt; (well, whole). \u00dd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, tinh khi\u1ebft, trong tr\u1eafng, tinh r\u00f2ng, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n\u2026 M\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u201ct\u00f4n cao t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao Nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n\u201d (Righteousness &amp; Good-ness). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3, \u0110\u1ea5ng Ho\u00e0n To\u00e0n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110CT v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho ri\u00eang \u0110CT.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u1eeb \u201cth\u00e1nh\u201d trong TK c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3, khi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Si-nai, r\u1ed3i khi Ti\u00ean Tri \u00ca-sai, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u201cvinh quang l\u1edbn\u201d c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, b\u00e8n h\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u201cTh\u00e1nh Thay, Th\u00e1nh Thay, Th\u00e1nh Thay!\u201d (Xuat 19, \u00ca-sai 6:3; Kh\u1ea3i 4:2).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong C\u01af tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a, - Ch\u00faa ch\u1ecdn d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean, l\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cd\u00e2n th\u00e1nh\u201d v\u00ec l\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ch\u00faa (Xu\u1ea5t 19:6). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh cho Ch\u00faa, hay b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u201cth\u00e1nh ho\u00e1\u201d cho Ch\u00faa. \u2013 Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u00f9ng d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1eadt th\u00e1nh,\u201d \u00a0(L\u00ea-vi-k\u00fd 1tt). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cth\u00e1nh ho\u00e1\u201d, v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. - Trong T\u01af, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u00a0\u201cth\u00e1nh ho\u00e1\u201d n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u201cth\u00e1nh\u201d nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh \u201cth\u00e1nh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cto\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o ch\u01b0a? \u201c&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1nh v\u00ec Ta l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (I Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 1:15-16)\u2026 Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh ho\u00e1 cho Ch\u00faa. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nN\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb\u00a0 \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong TK. \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cao c\u1ea3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110CT v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n sau).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy\/\" >Holy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Father&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Cha Th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c Cha Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-father\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-father\/\" >Holy Father<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Ghost&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-ghost\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-ghost\/\" >Holy Ghost<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Innocents&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Tr\u1ebb S\u01a1 Sinh Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft b\u1edfi Vua Herod, trong l\u00fac t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn khi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 g\u1ea1t m\u00ecnh, sau khi Ch\u00faa Jesus sinh ra).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-innocents\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-innocents\/\" >Holy Innocents<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Land&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t Is-ra-\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ai theo Ch\u00faa t\u1eeb th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng (b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-land\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-land\/\" >Holy Land<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Land&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb dung n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Pa-l\u00e9t-tin (Palestine) v\u00e0 ch\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00e1nh. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 X\u1eed Th\u00e1nh (\u0110\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh) t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5. Ri\u00eang Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Krist-t\u00f4 khi \u0111i v\u1ec1 th\u0103m x\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-land-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-land-2\/\" >Holy Land<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Mutability&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hu\u1ec7 Th\u00e1nh, S\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ed5i Thay Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Karl Barth trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean\/ khi\u1ebfn\/ thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong khi h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi con d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0110CT \u201cv\u00f4 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn\u201d (b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t Ng\u00e0i).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-mutability\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-mutability\/\" >Holy Mutability<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy of Holies&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u01a1i Ch\u00ed Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf m\u1ed7i n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o d\u00e2ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0o Ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ec5 Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;Day of Atonement&lt;\/em&gt;) (H\u00eab. 9:3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-of-holies\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-of-holies\/\" >Holy of Holies<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy of Holies&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u01a1i Ch\u00ed Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0110CT ch\u1ecdn d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean l\u00e0m d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 trong l\u00fac x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ea1m, n\u01a1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u00ed Th\u00e1nh\u201d l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Th\u1ea7y Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m v\u00e0o n\u01a1i t\u1eadn b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ea1m n\u01a1i \u201cCh\u00ed Th\u00e1nh\u201d \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng con sinh t\u1ebf trong k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ec5 Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang (Lev. 16; H\u00eab 9:3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-of-holies-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-of-holies-2\/\" >Holy of Holies<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy One of It-ra-\u00ean&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh Trong D\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb Ti\u00ean Tri \u00ca-sai g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus sau n\u00e0y (\u00ca-sai 1:4, 10:20).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-one-of-it-ra-en\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-one-of-it-ra-en\/\" >Holy One of It-ra-\u00ean<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Place&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u01a1i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong \u0110\u1ec1n T\u1ea1m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u201cCh\u00ed Th\u00e1nh\u201d th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cN\u01a1i Th\u00e1nh\u201d. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 B\u00e0n Th\u1edd (Altar), B\u00e0n \u0110\u1ec3 B\u00e1nh Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ebft, B\u00e0n X\u00f4ng Hu\u01a1ng, Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u00e8n V\u00e0ng (Xu\u1ea5t 26:16,18,22-24). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf d\u00e2ng c\u00e1c sinh t\u1ebf l\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i chung cho d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Sau n\u00e0y trong \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd Vua Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n c\u0169ng gi\u1eef y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (I C\u00e1c Vua 6: 17-20).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-place\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-place\/\" >Holy Place<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Places&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng N\u01a1i Th\u00e1nh\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Jesus trong khi thi h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ed3i G\u00f4-g\u00f4-tha, V\u01b0\u1eddn Gh\u1ebft-ma-n\u00ea, N\u01a1i Ch\u00faa sinh ra L\u00e0ng B\u00eat-lem.v.v\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-places\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-places\/\" >Holy Places<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Saturday&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9\u00a0 B\u1ea3y trong tu\u1ea7n L\u1ec5 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-saturday\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-saturday\/\" >Holy Saturday<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Scripture or Holy Bible&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u2013 Xem &lt;strong&gt;Bible&lt;\/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;Scripture&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-scripture-or-holy-bible\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-scripture-or-holy-bible\/\" >Holy Scripture or Holy Bible<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy See&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lat. Sancta Sedes, \u201cHoly Chair\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, gh\u1ebf th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0n V\u0169; l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-see\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-see\/\" >Holy See<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Shroud of Turin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ea5m Kh\u0103n Li\u1ec7m Th\u00e1nh \u1edf Turin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 di t\u00edch t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Turi, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd (t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1578). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m kh\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m kh\u0103n li\u1ec7m x\u00e1c Ch\u00faa Jesus khi ch\u00f4n Ng\u00e0i (Lu. 23:53). Khi Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec t\u1ea5m kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n trong m\u1ed9. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ef9, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m kh\u0103n li\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i kh\u0103n li\u1ec7m x\u00e1c Ch\u00faa v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I, m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh s\u1eed ph\u1ee5c sinh \u0111\u00e3 ghi trong ph\u00fac \u00e2m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-shroud-of-turin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-shroud-of-turin\/\" >Holy Shroud of Turin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;nh\u01b0 Holy Ghost \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch King James, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng &lt;strong&gt;Holy Spirit&lt;\/strong&gt; th\u1ebf v\u00e0o&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-spirit\/\" >Holy Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, Th\u1ea7n Linh, Th\u1ea7n &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1 &lt;strong&gt;\u05d5\u05b0\u05e8\u05a3\u05d5\u05bc\u05d7\u05b7 &lt;\/strong&gt;\u201c&lt;em&gt;ruah&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, v\u00e0 Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;pnewma&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Spirit, The Third Person of the Trinity). Ng\u00f4i Ba c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh. Trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 377 l\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0: l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (S\u00e1ng 1:2); Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (S\u00e1ng 12); l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3, kh\u00ed (Samuel 11:16; I C\u00e1c Vua 3:28; Thi Thi\u00ean :51:11; E-sai 63:10-11; Gi\u00f4-\u00ean 8: 8:28). Ri\u00eang trong Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110TL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ng\u00f4i V\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Con tr\u1ebb l\u00e0 do \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d\u00a0 \u1f09\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/biblehub.com\/greek\/agiou_40.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hagiou&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/biblehub.com\/greek\/pneumatos_4151.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pneumatos&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;) (Ma-thi-\u01a1 1:18), \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb hay t\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb holy \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1ecdi r\u00f5 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi C\u01af. Ng\u00f4i Ba, \u0110TL th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, Ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ed9 di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n v\u1ecb, v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c sinh ho\u1ea1t trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb, tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n Ch\u00faa, Th\u1ea7n Linh, Th\u00e1nh Linh, gi\u00f3, h\u01a1i, kh\u00ed,.. c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 383 l\u1ea7n. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, c\u00f3 10 l\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh: t\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem (Mat. 4; Luc. 4), l\u00fac c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n Ch\u00faa Jesus k\u00eau xin \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh (Gi\u0103ng 16). L\u00fac b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 (Lu. 4:14). Th\u00e1nh Gi\u0103ng ghi nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Th\u1ea7n L\u1ebd Th\u1eadt. Khi c\u00f4 Mari mang thai (Luc. 1:35; 9:35), khi \u0110\u1ee9c Jesus \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u1ef7 (Luc. 8), khi Ch\u00faa ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc (I Cor. 13), v\u00e0 r\u00f5 \u00a0r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh gi\u00e1ng l\u00e2m tr\u00ean H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 trong ph\u00f2ng cao (C\u00f4ng 1:8). Sau \u0111\u00f3, trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u1ecf ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 (C\u00f4ng 14:38). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. H\u1ecd m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;br \/&gt;\nCh\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: - T\u1ecf b\u00e0y S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Cha qua Con, - \u0110CT l\u00e0 Cha y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng;\u00a0 -\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Trung B\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Tr\u1eddi; - Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Con D\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i duy nh\u1ea5t; Ng\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Con D\u01b0\u1eddng, Ch\u00e2n L\u00ed v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh c\u1eefu; \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, the Met-sia c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u00f3 th\u00e2n v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, n\u00ean khi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi, c\u1ea7u xin Ch\u00faa Cha, giao s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i cho Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh?: - \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u00e1o tr\u00e1ch t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0103n n\u0103n; - \u0110\u1ea5ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edbi (t\u00e1i sinh); - \u0110\u1ea5ng soi s\u00e1ng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt; - \u0110\u1ea5ng an \u1ee7i, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, - Sau c\u00f9ng, \u0110TL l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTuy nhi\u00ean, sau H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 2nd, 3rd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd sai l\u1ea1c n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Ch\u1ea5p S\u1ef1 Arius, cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Eph\u00easo 485 AD, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i Ba c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, \u0111ang sinh ho\u1ea1t trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang c\u00e1o tr\u00e1ch t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, t\u00e1i sanh ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ai tin theo Ng\u00e0i\u2026 Ng\u00e0i \u201c\u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa.\u00a0 Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 tin \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cForce\u201d (s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n v\u1ecb trong ba ng\u00f4i. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1o Tin l\u00e0nh, C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t - l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u0103n b\u1ea3n then ch\u1ed1t cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-spirit-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-spirit-2\/\" >Holy Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Spirit, Baptism of the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e1p-tem b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;xem m\u1ee5c Baptism of \u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-spirit-baptism-of-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-spirit-baptism-of-the\/\" >Holy Spirit, Baptism of the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Trinite&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ba Ng\u00f4i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-trinite\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-trinite\/\" >Holy Trinite<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Trinity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ba Ng\u00f4i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-trinity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-trinity\/\" >Holy Trinity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy War&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Chi\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn (1) S\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ea9y trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, (2) S\u1ef1 thanh tr\u1eebng trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 hay truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin. (3) S\u1ef1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o theo ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7. Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 tranh chi\u1ebfn trong v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi nhau hay gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 6:10-20, ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn (warfare) gi\u1eefa Krist-t\u00f4 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n d\u1eef \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u201cTh\u00e1nh Chi\u1ebfn,\u201d trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-war\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-war\/\" >Holy War<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy Week&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tu\u1ea7n L\u1ec5 Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a chay (lent), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Jesus b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 x\u1eed h\u00ecnh. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt l\u00e1 (Palm Sunday) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00e0o Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y Th\u00e1nh (Holy Saturday) tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-week\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-week\/\" >Holy Week<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Holy\/\/ Holiness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;hagios&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (set apart \u2013 bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang, \u0111em ri\u00eang ra). Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 trong s\u1ea1ch th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi trong s\u1ef1 \u201cm\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 ho\u00e1\u201d; v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng theo \u00fd Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng theo Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faaTr\u1eddi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ti\u00ean Tri \u00ca-sai th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u00a0Holy h\u01a1n c\u1ea3; v\u00ec v\u1eady, trong s\u00e1ch \u00ca-sai \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i 26 l\u1ea7n.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d hay \u201cTh\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft\u201d ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft (Thi Thi\u00ean 99:9); l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 ti\u00ean tri Sa-mu-\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Thay, Th\u00e1nh Thay, Th\u00e1nh Thay l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (I Sa. 6:3). T\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Thay 3 l\u1ea7n khi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn danh x\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n Do-th\u00e1i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. Ch\u00ednh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Do-Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. N\u00f3i chung, t\u1eeb \u201cTh\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\/ th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n trong ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ecf b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n hay n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n. \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Cha Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (The God of love is Holy Father) (Gi\u0103ng 14:11), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Jesus Christ is the Holy one of God) (Mac 1:24; Gi\u0103ng 14:11), v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n Linh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Gi\u0103ng 16:14).&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay. L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u00fd th\u1ee9c ni\u1ec1m tin s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o theo s\u1ef1 Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n qua \u0111\u1ee9c tin cao c\u1ea3 n\u00e0y cho con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-holiness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/holy-holiness\/\" >Holy\/\/ Holiness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Home Mision Board&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed9 Tuy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Qu\u1ed1c N\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1906 cho m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2,000 AD. th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh North American Mission Board (H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o B\u1eafc M\u1ef9).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/home-mision-board\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/home-mision-board\/\" >Home Mision Board<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Home Mission&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u2013 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 missionary gi\u00e1o s\u0129 (Home Missionary - gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Qu\u1ed1c N\u1ed9i \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean lo truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/home-mission\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/home-mission\/\" >Home Mission<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Home Missionary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Qu\u1ed1c N\u1ed9i &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean lo truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/home-missionary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/home-missionary\/\" >Home Missionary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Homilaria&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e0i Gi\u1ea3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hyl. \u201c&lt;em&gt;homilia&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Sermon&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 trung c\u1ed5 Hy-l\u1ea1p d\u00f9ng cho \u201c&lt;em&gt;b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd hay h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 &lt;strong&gt;\u201c&lt;em&gt;Homiletical&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/strong&gt; thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Homiletics&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/strong&gt; n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i 1 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Homity&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homilaria\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homilaria\/\" >Homilaria<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Homiletical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homiletical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homiletical\/\" >Homiletical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Homiletics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i 1 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homiletics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homiletics\/\" >Homiletics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Homity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homity\/\" >Homity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Homoiousios&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ed1ng B\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3\/ B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. \u201c&lt;em&gt;homois&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (like, gi\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng), v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;ousios&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (substance: b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t). T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ch\u00faa Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u th\u1ebf Jesus c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng\/ \u0111\u1ed3ng (same), b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Nicena (325AD) v\u00e0 GN. Constantinople (381AD). H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi Arius, v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Cha); ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng \u201clike\u201d (&lt;em&gt;homoiousious)&lt;\/em&gt; m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u00fa \u00fd: t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng (like) kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u201csame\u201d v\u00e0 (&lt;em&gt;homo-ousios)&lt;\/em&gt;.\u00a0 V\u00ec Arius \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha (&lt;em&gt;substance # essence # being&lt;\/em&gt;). S\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 431 AD. m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3 ba t\u00ednh tr\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homoiousios\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homoiousios\/\" >Homoiousios<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Homologoumene&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed3ng D\u1ea1ng Nh\u1ea5t Qu\u00e1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn chung to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00f4ng b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd (Catholic Church). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y song ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;hutilogoumena&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u1eafc d\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homologoumene\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homologoumene\/\" >Homologoumene<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Homophobia&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u1ecb T\u00ednh, Ph\u1ea3n C\u1ea3m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Georgia Weinberg (1973) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00ednh, ph\u1ea3n c\u1ea3m. N\u00f3i chung, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd gh\u00e9t, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch, ph\u1ea3n c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u00ec th\u1ecb v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homophobia\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homophobia\/\" >Homophobia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Homosexuality&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed3ng T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;homo&lt;\/em&gt;: \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f9ng (same). N\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 giao thi\u1ec7p t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh (nam v\u1edbi nam, n\u1eef v\u1edbi n\u1eef). H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t qua c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a L\u00f3t trong 2 th\u00e0nh S\u00f4-\u0111\u00f4m v\u00e0 G\u00f4-m\u00f4-r\u01a1 (S\u00e1ng 19).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homosexuality\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/homosexuality\/\" >Homosexuality<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Honesty&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt, Th\u1eadt Th\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Lat. \u201c&lt;em&gt;homota&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt\/ s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, c\u1ea3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201cth\u00e0nh th\u1eadt\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u201cn\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, gian d\u1ed1i\u201d. Trong Kinh C\u01af, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, \u05db\u05b5\u05bc\u05e0\u05b4\u05a3\u05d9\u05dd &lt;em&gt;(&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/biblehub.com\/hebrew\/kenim_3651.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;k\u00ea-n\u00eem&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;) \u1edf S\u00e1ng 42:31, khi Gi\u00f4-s\u00e9p b\u1eaft b\u00ed anh em c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00fac h\u1ecd sang \u00ca-d\u00edp mua l\u00faa, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1m t\u1eed, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cth\u00e0nh th\u1eadt\u201d, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh Ng\u1eef l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;true men&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (KJ, INT), \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cngay th\u1eadt.\u201d C\u00f2n b\u1ea3n NET, HCSB, \u201c&lt;em&gt;honest men&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cth\u00e0nh th\u1eadt\u201d \u201chi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh,\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u201cgian d\u1ed1i, l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1t\u201d. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, s\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt, m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt,\u201d c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i \u201ckh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 cho \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n s\u1ed1ng chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn, b\u00ecnh an \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y r\u0103n nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc h\u01a1n cho d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa (Xu\u1ea5t. 20:15; 22:2; Lev. 19:36; Ph\u1ee5c. 25:15). C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri, c\u0169ng nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt (Anos 8:4; Mich. 6:11; \u00d4-se 12:7). Trong Kinh T\u01af, g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c&lt;em&gt;bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n&lt;\/strong&gt; Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi &lt;strong&gt;n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i&lt;\/strong&gt; (a liar), &lt;strong&gt;l\u1ebd th\u1eadt&lt;\/strong&gt; kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (I Gi\u0103 2:4). V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1i Ch\u00faa (I Gi\u0103 1:1-5). Xa h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ma-qu\u1ec9, v\u00e0 K\u1ebb \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i D\u1ed1i\u201d (Liar) l\u00e0 Sa-tan, l\u00e0 \u201cK\u1ebb n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u201d trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh (S\u00e1ng 3:4), v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean (Gi\u0103ng 8:44). \u03a8\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 &lt;em&gt;(&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/biblehub.com\/greek\/pseuste_s_5583.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;pseust\u0113s&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;) (a liar).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong HT \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc h\u01a1n qua c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n thi\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a A-na-nia v\u00e0 Sa-phi-ra, v\u00ec d\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi (C\u00f4ng 6; I Cor 6:9). Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1t l\u1eabn nhau. N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 trong 200 n\u0103m qua s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 d\u00e2n trong n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990\u2019s, trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Hoa K\u1ef3 \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ct\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng\u201d nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u201cnh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c\u201d. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng bon chen trong s\u1ef1 ganh \u0111ua l\u00e0m \u0103n, h\u1ecd mang v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u201cthi\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n M\u1ef9. V\u00ec th\u1ebf,\u00a0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt trong to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ed1i g\u1ea1t, l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o, c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ea5t an v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y, \u201cn\u00f3i d\u1ed1i\u201d kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u201cn\u00f3i d\u1ed1i\u201d m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, v\u00ec l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, hay ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c cho l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung k\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng \u201cd\u1ed1i g\u1ea1t\u201d l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o, gian s\u1ea3o\u201d c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cn\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1t\u201d tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u201ckim ch\u1ec9 nam\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt\u201d tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u201cl\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec t\u1ea1o \u201ckh\u00f3 kh\u0103n\u201d cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2n c\u1eadn; n\u1ebfu x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00ec ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o mu\u00f4n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u201ckh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u201d cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, t\u1eeb \u201cth\u00e0nh th\u1eadt\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh\u201d v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u201cb\u00ecnh an.\u201d S\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 tin cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 b\u00ed quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt do s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c (Thi Thi\u00ean 51:6; Ro-ma 13:9-10; ICo-rin-t\u00f4 6:8; E-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 4:15).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/honesty\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/honesty\/\" >Honesty<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Honor&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Danh D\u1ef1, Vinh D\u1ef1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Heb. \u1edf g\u1ed1c \u201c&lt;em&gt;kbd&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d:\u00a0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;k\u00e1b\u00e8d&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, Hyl. \u201c&lt;em&gt;tim\u00e9&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, Lat. &lt;em&gt;honor&lt;\/em&gt;: vinh d\u1ef1, danh d\u1ef1. Trong kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, vinh d\u1ef1, danh d\u1ef1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n th\u1edd (vinh danh) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o Ho\u00e1 (Thi. 96:6; Khai. 5:12-13). \u0110i\u1ec1u k\u1ebf l\u00e0 danh d\u1ef1, vinh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 (Xu\u1ea5t. 20:1-5), v\u00e0 k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 trong c\u1ed9ng-\u0111\u1ed3ng.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u1eeb nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u201c&lt;em&gt;kbd&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (k\u00e1bed), trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cn\u1eb7ng\u201d (heavy), weighty (c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng), (t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3). Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Do Th\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cn\u1eb7ng c\u00e2n\u201d (weighty), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 vinh d\u1ef1 l\u1eafm. C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;tim\u00e9&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111i xa h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n di\u1ec5n l\u00e0 hu\u1ef3nh tr\u00e1ng, oai nghi, \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, vinh hi\u1ec3n hay t\u00f4n k\u00ednh. (Thi. 8-5; S\u1eed. 16:27; Thi. 96-6; Ex\u01a1. 6:3; Rom. 2:10, Ph\u1ee5c 26:19, Kh\u1ea3i. 5:12; 7:12).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/honor\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/honor\/\" >Honor<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hope, Christian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hy V\u1ecdng Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o \u2013 Hy V\u1ecdng C\u1ee7a Krist-t\u00f4 Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 sau, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u201c&lt;em&gt;v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 3:16). Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u1edf Rom. 8:18-25; I Phi. 1:3; cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hy v\u1ecdng vinh quang trong c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi qua \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh b\u00e0y t\u1ecf trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hope-christian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hope-christian\/\" >Hope, Christian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hope, Theology of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Hy V\u1ecdng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Hy v\u1ecdng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Jungen Moltmann (b. 1926 - ) ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c , cho ra \u0111\u1eddi quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Theology of Hope&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1967) (Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Hy V\u1ecdng). N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u00a0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (&lt;em&gt;eschatology&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i qua chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch hy v\u1ecdng t\u1eeb trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, Moltmann, \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn qua s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, khi \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i hy v\u1ecdng qua \u201c&lt;em&gt;Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5c sinh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh qua d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean, v\u00e0 qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai khi Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ngo\u00e0i ra, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Wolfhard Pennenberg \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hy v\u1ecdng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn qua nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean t\u1eeb 60\u2019s, 70\u2019s, \u0111\u1ebfn nay. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Revelation as History&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1968&lt;em&gt;), \u201cJesus-God and&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Man&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1968) l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh hy v\u1ecdng. C\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Johannes B. Metz, v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Theology of the World&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1968), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng ni\u1ec1m tin Th\u00e1nh Kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai; Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Carl Braaten, v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Future of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1969). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ng\u00e0y Sau R\u1ed1t&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d; l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Sau R\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 ghi; l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y sau r\u1ed1t nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mang \u0111\u1ebfn hy v\u1ecdng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf.\u00a0\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;em&gt;Eschotology&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hope-theology-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hope-theology-of\/\" >Hope, Theology of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hopkins, Samuel (1721 \u2013 1803)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hopkins, Samuel&lt;\/strong&gt; (1721 \u2013 1803)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hopkinsianism, l\u00e0 \u00fd c\u1ea3i bi\u1ec7n dung h\u00f2a t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Calvin v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng, truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o (evangelism). Hopkins l\u00e0 M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang Hoa K\u1ef3. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Hopkinsianisn c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 New England Theology.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hopkins-samuel-1721-1803\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hopkins-samuel-1721-1803\/\" >Hopkins, Samuel (1721 \u2013 1803)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hosanna&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tung H\u00f4 V\u1ea1n Tu\u1ebf - S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i Hi\u1ec7n Nay&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;O save now&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ousann\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch ra nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Anh, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t. L\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang k\u00eau to l\u00ean tung h\u00f4 Ch\u00faa Jesus, khi Ng\u00e0i c\u1ee1i l\u1eeba con \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh Jerusalem nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i (Mat. 21; Mac 11) v\u00e0 trong ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 L\u1ec1u T\u1ea1m (Feast of Booth, - Thi 118:25-26).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hosanna\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hosanna\/\" >Hosanna<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Host, Sacred&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Lat. &lt;em&gt;hostia&lt;\/em&gt;, (sacrifia) \u201cvictim\u201d (sinh t\u1ebf, hy sinh). C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd l\u00e0 b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ef1 L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. \u00dd nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (Chi\u00ean Con hy sinh) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ebft cho ch\u00fang sinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/host-sacred\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/host-sacred\/\" >Host, Sacred<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hosts, Lord of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi V\u1ea1n Qu\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Heb. &lt;em&gt;S\u00e0b\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt; (hosts) (V\u1ea1n Qu\u00e2n, \u0110o\u00e0n Qu\u00e2n), ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;Stratia.&lt;\/em&gt; Danh t\u1eeb trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a Ng\u00f4i Tr\u1eddi (Ng\u00f4i Vua Tr\u1eddi) \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng qu\u00e2n binh, do s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o uy nghi, n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n, vinh quang v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn (I Cac 22:19; Thi. 89:6; Gi\u00f3p 1:6; 2:1; S\u00e1ng 1:16; E-sai 40:26; N\u00eah. 9:6). C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Lord of Hosts&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Heb. \u201c&lt;em&gt;yhwh s\u00e9b\u00e0\u2019\u00f3t&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 tung h\u00f4 l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau cao uy l\u1ef1c, uy quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi khi Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1n b\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec cho d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n It-ra-\u00ean. \u1ede R\u00f4-ma 9:29; Gia-c\u01a1 5:4 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n \u1edf C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hosts-lord-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hosts-lord-of\/\" >Hosts, Lord of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;House Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Gia&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m t\u00edn h\u1eefu h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa \u1edf trong nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang, k\u00edn, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ecdp nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ri\u00eang. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trong mi\u1ec1n Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1 nh\u01b0 trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh ghi l\u1ea1i qua s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 (Rom. 16:5; I Cor. 16:19; Col. 4:15; Phile. 2). Sau 1975, n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Gia h\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft. Nhi\u1ec1u Nh\u00f3m T\u01b0 Gia v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u01b0 gia nh\u1ecf d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Thi\u1ebft Qu\u1ea3n (Constituted Church).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/house-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/house-church\/\" >House Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;House of Bishops&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u2013 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u0110o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;d\u00f9ng cho h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc, h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/house-of-bishops\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/house-of-bishops\/\" >House of Bishops<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;House of Deputies&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m \u2013 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m \u0110o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt; \u1edf &lt;em&gt;Hoa K\u1ef3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1eb1m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/house-of-deputies\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/house-of-deputies\/\" >House of Deputies<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;House of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e0 C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i l\u00ean ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ef1, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ea1m, l\u1ec1u t\u1ea1m, \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Ch\u00faa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd hay l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 &lt;strong&gt;House of Bishops &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u2013 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u0110o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;), d\u00f9ng cho h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc, h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;House of Deputies&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m \u2013 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m \u0110o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt; \u1edf &lt;em&gt;Hoa K\u1ef3). &lt;\/em&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1eb1m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/house-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/house-of-god\/\" >House of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Household Baptism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea3 Nh\u00e0 L\u00e0m L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n \u1edf T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 2:38; 16:33; 11:14 \u2013 v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p B\u00e1p-tem. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem cho c\u1ea3 con n\u00edt hay kh\u00f4ng? Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u00fd n\u00f3i chung, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eeba m\u1ed9t ai) \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. V\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, phong tr\u00e0o L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem l\u1ea1i (Anabaptism) trong kh\u1ed1i Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem cho nh\u1eefng ai tin nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u1eeb 12 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean.\u00a0 C\u00f3 HT \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho tr\u1ebb em, khi ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c em x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ni\u1ec1m tin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/household-baptism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/household-baptism\/\" >Household Baptism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Household Codes&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng L\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Gia \u0110\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc, quy ch\u1ebf trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00ed. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Do Th\u00e1i, T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Eph. 5:22; 6:9; Col.3:28\u20134:1; IPhi 2:2;8:3-7.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/household-codes\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/household-codes\/\" >Household Codes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hubris&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Cao, Ki\u00eau Ng\u1ea1o, T\u1ef1 M\u00e3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;huris &lt;\/em&gt;(pride), t\u1ef1 ki\u00eau. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cao h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Trong kh\u1ed1i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean c\u1edb, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u sinh ra t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i (qua c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 E-va \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u1ea5m). C\u0169ng trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u cho r\u1eb1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hubris\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hubris\/\" >Hubris<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Huguenots&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1o Huguenots&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n hay phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u1edf trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; -17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 trong nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Guises (1562 \u2013 1594), c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 30.000 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o Huguenots (b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft) trong ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 K\u1ec9 Ni\u1ec7m Th\u00e1nh \u201c&lt;em&gt;St. Bartholomew&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/huguenots\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/huguenots\/\" >Huguenots<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Human Acts&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1ed7 L\u1ef1c Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/human-acts\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/human-acts\/\" >Human Acts<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Human Beings&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;antbr\u00f2pos&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Lat. &lt;em&gt;homo&lt;\/em&gt;. L\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i (S\u00e1ng 1:26-27). Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i tr\u00e1i ngh\u1ecbch l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u201c&lt;em&gt;con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (human beings) \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i xa c\u00e1ch Ng\u00e0i. H\u1ecd \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i trong \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Trong s\u00e1ch R\u00f4-ma, Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u201c&lt;em&gt;b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/human-beings\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/human-beings\/\" >Human Beings<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Human Condition&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ecnh Tr\u1ea1ng Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/human-condition\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/human-condition\/\" >Human Condition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Human Effort&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ed1 G\u1eafng Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1edd quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh t\u00e1i sinh, th\u00eam s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 soi d\u1eabn m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng theo \u00fd Ch\u00faa&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/human-effort\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/human-effort\/\" >Human Effort<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Human Nature&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/human-nature\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/human-nature\/\" >Human Nature<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Human Righteous-ness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra theo l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/human-righteous-ness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/human-righteous-ness\/\" >Human Righteous-ness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Human Rights&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e2n Quy\u1ec1n\u2013Quy\u1ec1n L\u00e0m Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f3 2 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch: (1) &lt;em&gt;Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;: n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: (1) T\u1ef1 do \u0103n n\u00f3i, (2) t\u1ef1 do \u0111i l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 (3) t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng (t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan). Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i. (2) &lt;em&gt;Trong \u0111\u1ea1o,&lt;\/em&gt; qua tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau; do \u0111\u00f3, trong \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Krist-t\u00f4 nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nhau h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Image\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (b\u00f3ng \u1ea3nh) c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/human-rights\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/human-rights\/\" >Human Rights<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Humanism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o trong t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi (man-centered). Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; - 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n cho r\u1eb1ng \u2013 Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1o ho\u00e1, quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu l\u00e0 do lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ngh\u1ecbch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. - Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. Do \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, c\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 gi\u00fap t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh h\u01a1n, c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 di\u1ec7t vong s\u1edbm v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/humanism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/humanism\/\" >Humanism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Humanism, Christian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n Thuy\u1ebft Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea3n b\u1ea3n l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; -16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La-tin. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a 2 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n; do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0: Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng (Renais-sance), B\u1eebng S\u00e1ng (Enligh-tenment), v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i (Modernism) \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9t tr\u1ea7n Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n (Humanism) v\u00e0 song \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n Trong \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa. Nh\u00ecn chung, trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n Trong \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c: (1) Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao, v\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o; (2) Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean trong \u201c&lt;em&gt;Image&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, (3) V\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, do \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, (4) S\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/humanism-christian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/humanism-christian\/\" >Humanism, Christian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Humanity of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/humanity-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/humanity-of-christ\/\" >Humanity of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Humankind&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/humankind\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/humankind\/\" >Humankind<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hume David (1711 \u2013 1779)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hume David&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;1711 \u2013 1779&lt;\/em&gt;)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 s\u1eed gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scott. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf Edinburg, \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc; do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia theo ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Anh Qu\u1ed1c trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 B\u1eebng S\u00e1ng. Trong th\u1eddi gian th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng \u1edf Ph\u00e1p (1734 \u2013 1737) \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Treasure of Human Nature&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh ba quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1739-1740 sau khi v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i London. Sau \u0111\u00f3, trong th\u1eddi gian kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Essays, Moral and Political\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1741, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng cao. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n trong l\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m trong th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p vi\u1ebft v\u0103n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u00eam hai quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Natural History of Religion&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. David Hune \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c (knowledge) l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m (experiences). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ra t\u1eeb lu\u1eadn l\u00fd m\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u0169ng h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Trong s\u00e1ch &lt;em&gt;Dialogues&lt;\/em&gt;, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 do t\u1eeb c\u00e1i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean lu\u1eadn l\u00fd v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m x\u00fac.&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u00d4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc trong ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t tin t\u01b0\u1edfng qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m. T\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o quy n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qua s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Hume \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u1edf Ph\u00e1p h\u01a1n \u1edf Anh, v\u00e0 qua quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;History of England&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1762) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u00e1ch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Anh, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi kho t\u00e0ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hume-david-1711-1779\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hume-david-1711-1779\/\" >Hume David (1711 \u2013 1779)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Humiliation of Jesus Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 H\u1ea1 M\u00ecnh C\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh, khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed9t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. Th\u00e1nh Angustine tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cn\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o\u201d.&lt;\/em&gt; K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: A. Kempis, Bernard, M. Luther, J, Calvin \u1edf v\u00e0o Th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u00ednh h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u2013 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i Hai \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1edfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00ean r\u1ea5t cao, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Vua tr\u00ean mu\u00f4n vua, l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean mu\u00f4n Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d (2) Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (Phi-l\u00edp 2:6-8).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/humiliation-of-jesus-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/humiliation-of-jesus-christ\/\" >Humiliation of Jesus Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Huss, John (c.1372-1415) (Hus Jan)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Huss, John &lt;\/strong&gt;(c.1372-1415)&lt;strong&gt; (Hus Jan&lt;\/strong&gt;)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Bohemia, sinh \u1edf l\u00e0ng Husinec mi\u1ec1n Nam X\u1ee9 Bohemia. \u00d4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Prague, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1398 gia nh\u1eadp Ban Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean h\u1ee9a ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 linh m\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i \u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec7n Bethlehem Prague, trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Phong Tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Cresh trong th\u1eddi s\u01a1 l\u1eadp. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u1eadm c\u1ee7a John Wycliff, v\u1ec1 sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u1edf Bohemia. \u00d4ng gi\u1ea3ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin b\u00f9a x\u00e1 t\u1ed9i, ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc Bohemia. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n khuy\u00ean \u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u1ee9t ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u0103m 1410. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u1edfi gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y, ng\u00e0y 6, 1415, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t tr\u00ean gi\u00e0n h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau \u1edf x\u1ee9 Prague.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;\/strong&gt;Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn r\u00f5: Tuy r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed9i, r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft th\u1eadt trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u1ea9m quy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m.\u00a0 \u00d4ng tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, s\u1ef1 tha t\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa.\u00a0 \u00d4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: S\u1ef1 rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0103n n\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh, - S\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ea1ch, - Ch\u1ee9c th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu, - L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu cho ch\u00fang ta, - Kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ca h\u00e1t ng\u1ee3i khen Ch\u00faa trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a tinh th\u1ea7n hi sinh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o cho d\u00e2n Cresh trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn sau n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/huss-john-c-1372-1415-hus-jan\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/huss-john-c-1372-1415-hus-jan\/\" >Huss, John (c.1372-1415) (Hus Jan)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hutter, Jacol (d. 1536)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hutter, Jacol &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(d. 1536)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o Ana-baptist v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 s\u00fay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Hutteries&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d\u00a0 hay &lt;em&gt;Hutterite Brethren&lt;\/em&gt;. H\u1ecd t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c \u1edf Moravia v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng du m\u1ee5c kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng Trung v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi di d\u00e2n qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1870\u2019s.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hutter-jacol-d-1536\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hutter-jacol-d-1536\/\" >Hutter, Jacol (d. 1536)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hymn&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Ca, Thi Ca, Ca V\u1ecbnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng \u201c&lt;em&gt;hymanos&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (song of praise). B\u00e0i ca v\u1ecbnh ng\u1ee3i khen \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong kinh B\u1ea3y M\u01b0\u01a1i (LXX) khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ca v\u1ecbnh (psalms) v\u00e0 trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ca c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng Krist-t\u00f4 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd (Eph. 5:19; Col. 3:16). Th\u00e1nh th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong l\u00fac nh\u1eefng con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 trong v\u0103n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 trong \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng khi ca ng\u1ee3i Ch\u00faa. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;hymnal&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Hyl. hymnos&lt;\/em&gt;). S\u00e1ch th\u00e1nh ca hay l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;the Hymn book&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Hymnology&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n nh\u1ea1c th\u00e1nh). \u201c&lt;em&gt;Hymnarium&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (l\u1ecbch ca h\u00e1t theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hymn\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hymn\/\" >Hymn<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hypocrisy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ea3 H\u00ecnh, K\u00e9p \u0110\u00f3ng K\u1ecbch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;hypocrit\u00e9s&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cactor\u201d, ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean hay che d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd th\u1eadt hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh trong t\u00e2m. Ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o l\u00ean b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 che d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt, gian \u00e1c b\u00ean trong (Math. 23:28; Mac 12:15; Gia-c\u01a1 3:17). T\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;hypocrisy&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u, l\u00e0 k\u1ebb gi\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh, k\u1ebb g\u1ea1t g\u1eabm, k\u1ebb l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i. Trong th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, Ng\u00e0i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u201ck\u1ebb gi\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 2 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pha-ri-si v\u00e0 Sa-du-ce. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00fap b\u00f3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cy\u00eau k\u00ednh Ch\u00faa, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa\u201d v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n Ch\u00faa. Th\u1eadt ra, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u00eam lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0m g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh h\u01a1n. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac h\u1ecd l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch gi\u00e3 d\u1ed1i, che \u0111\u1eady s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong Ma-thi-\u01a1 23 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch d\u00e0i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 cho t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i gi\u00e3 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su b\u1ecb 2 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd b\u1eaft Ch\u00faa ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1.\u00a0 K\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1edbp c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh \u201cgi\u00e3 h\u00ecnh\u201d gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u1eadt\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00f3i r\u00f5 Ch\u00faa ch\u1ebft v\u00ec k\u1ebb \u201cc\u00f3 t\u1ed9i\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hypocrisy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hypocrisy\/\" >Hypocrisy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;hypostases&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, n\u1ed9i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong th\u1eddi h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 minh \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110CT (Heb. 3:14;11:1; ICo. 11:17).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hypostases\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hypostases\/\" >hypostases<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hypostasis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1ed9i Th\u1ec3, B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, n\u1ed9i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u2013 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;person&lt;\/em&gt;)..&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hypostasis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hypostasis\/\" >Hypostasis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hypostatic Union&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh \u201c&lt;em&gt;thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Ch\u00faa Jesus. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Chalcedon 451 AD. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus (Rom. 1:2-5; I Tim. 3:16; Heb. 2:14; I Gi\u0103ng. 1:1-3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hypostatic-union\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hypostatic-union\/\" >Hypostatic Union<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;hypothelico \u2013 deductive&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;gi\u1ea3 th\u1eed r\u1eb1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch, hay \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hypothelico-deductive\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hypothelico-deductive\/\" >hypothelico \u2013 deductive<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hypothetical Universalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi; nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa ch\u1ebft thay r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tin hay kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa n\u1eefa. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ai tin Con th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, ai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tin Con s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110CT v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Gi\u0103ng 3:36). Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;hypothelico \u2013 deductive&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (gi\u1ea3 th\u1eed r\u1eb1ng), d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch, hay \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hypothetical-universalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hypothetical-universalism\/\" >Hypothetical Universalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Hypsistarians&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 - To\u00e0n N\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;hypsistos&lt;\/em&gt; (highest). T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;\u00a0 b\u1edfi nh\u00f3m Cappadocian. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Quy\u1ec1n - Cao C\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (All Ruler \u2013 Highest). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia x\u01b0a nay, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u201cUltimate Being,\u201d (\u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3). \u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tin v\u00e0o\u00a0 \u201cc\u00f3 t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt,\u201d \u201cc\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ho\u00e1\u201d, g\u1ecdi n\u00f4m na l\u00e0, \u201ct\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3\u201d. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 \u201c\u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a\u201d to\u00e0n n\u0103ng cao c\u1ea3, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hypsistarians\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/hypsistarians\/\" >Hypsistarians<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-i mix\" data-filter-base=\"i\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">I<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;I&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;Ego&lt;\/em&gt;. \u0110\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Trong Anh ng\u1eef, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n vi\u1ebft hoa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2u l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1.Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, t\u1eeb \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed1i, t\u1ed9i, t\u1ed3i, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, x\u1ea5u xa v\u00e0 gian \u00e1c, nh\u01b0 vua \u0110a-v\u00edt \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u201c&lt;em&gt;K\u00eca, t\u00f4i sinh ra trong s\u1ef1 gian \u00e1c, M\u1eb9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0i thai t\u00f4i trong t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Thi 51:5). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i &lt;em&gt;\u201ct\u00f4i\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; sau khi \u00f4ng b\u00e0 t\u1ed5 A-dam &amp; E-va ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/i\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/i\/\" >I<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;I \u2013 Thow Relationship&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan Ta \u2013 Ng\u00e0i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia v\u00e0 H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong cu\u1ed1i b\u00e1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i Martin Buber (1878 \u2013 1965), v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong th\u1eadn ph\u1eadn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1eefu minh kh\u1ea3i cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i: &lt;strong&gt;Ta \u2013 Ng\u00e0i&lt;\/strong&gt; (ho\u1eb7c &lt;strong&gt;Ta \u2013 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/strong&gt;), hay \u201c&lt;strong&gt;Ta \u2013 \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u1eadt&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/i-thow-relationship\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/i-thow-relationship\/\" >I \u2013 Thow Relationship<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;I am sayings&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ta Ph\u00e1n\u2026, Ta Ph\u00e1n C\u00f9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cTa ph\u00e1n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c ngay t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i l\u1ed9, s\u1ef1 minh kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ai. C\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u1edf Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 K\u00fd 3:14. Kh\u1ea3i l\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i: \u201cYHWH\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;I\u2019m That I\u2019m&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Ta l\u00e0\u2026 ho\u1eb7c \u201cTa l\u00e0 Ta\u201d hay \u201cI\u2019m Yaveh\u201d). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, danh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean, (S\u00e1ng 15:7; 17:1; 28:13; Xu\u1ea5t 3:144; Ph\u1ee5c 32:39; E-sai 41:4; 43:10; 51:12; 52:6). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n trong d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus, Danh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u2013 Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Cha v\u1edbi Ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 10:30). Ngo\u00e0i ra, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt, l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng,\u2026 (Gi\u0103ng 1:6; 8:12; 13:19; 18:5-6) t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u00ca-sai 9:6 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ai (E-sai 43:10-11). L\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;I am saying&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Ta ph\u00e1n\/ n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng\u2026) l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111ang ph\u00e1n d\u1ea1y trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta h\u00f4m nay, nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u00e1n, \u201c\u2026&lt;em&gt;Ta \u1edf c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn th\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Math. 28:20c).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/i-am-sayings\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/i-am-sayings\/\" >I am sayings<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;I myself&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4i, ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/i-myself\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/i-myself\/\" >I myself<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Idealism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00fd T\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p&lt;em&gt; idealismus&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Plato (428 \u2013 348 BC). Tri\u1ebft Gia Plato \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd s\u00e2u s\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng (&lt;em&gt;idealism&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u00e0y, cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, \u00fd ch\u00ed, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i si\u00eau h\u00ecnh (metaphysical) l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (material) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; - 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00ed tr\u00ean c\u00f2n in s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (d. 1955), Paul Tillich (d. 1965) v\u00e0 Karl Rahner (d. 1984). Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng &lt;em&gt;(idealism&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a G. Berkeley (1685 \u2013 1753), cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c (&lt;em&gt;reality&lt;\/em&gt;) trong v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Tri\u1ebft l\u00ed \u201c&lt;em&gt;Idealism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a G. M. F Hegel (1770 \u2013 1831), cho r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc do t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, h\u1ee3p l\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u201c&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (absolute spirit). S\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (real) qua m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i (bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng) c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1 (thesis, autithesic and synthesis). T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Hegel n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, b\u1edfi l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (absolute idealism). Tri\u1ebft l\u00ed \u201c&lt;em&gt;Idealism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a G.W. Leibniz (1646 \u2013 1716), cho r\u1eb1ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c (reality). V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi (person) l\u00e0 th\u1eadt (real). Tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 \u201cpersonal idealism\u201d (l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/idealism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/idealism\/\" >Idealism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Idealist Classical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Si\u00eau H\u00ecnh L\u00ed T\u01b0\u1edfng, Duy T\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u1ee7a R. Descartes ( 1596-1650), G. Berkeley (1685-1753), Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804), G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo sau n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/idealist-classical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/idealist-classical\/\" >Idealist Classical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Identification With Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Minh \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ngChrist&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ qua cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950\u2019s \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi k\u1ef7 theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1ed1ng theo m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u1ea3 v\u1eeba hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t (union) v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb tr\u00ean l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cao \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/identification-with-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/identification-with-christ\/\" >Identification With Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ideology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00fd T\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ecdc &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ra t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;ideal&lt;\/em&gt; (l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng) v\u00e0&lt;em&gt; idea&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 \u00fd, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;idealogy&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hay h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng - &lt;em&gt;l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u201c&lt;em&gt;bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d\u00a0 v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (nomi-nalism and realism), v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ebft gia, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc, c\u0169ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, ph\u00e1t minh hay kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xa h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ideology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ideology\/\" >Ideology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Idolatry&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1edd Th\u1ea7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;eidolo&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;latreia&lt;\/em&gt;, from &lt;em&gt;eidolon &lt;\/em&gt;\u201c&lt;em&gt;image&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d and \u201c&lt;em&gt;latreia&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (workship). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n ngo\u00e0i \u0110CT. Trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd n\u00e0y. Trong b\u1ea3n 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 2 d\u1ea1y: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1edb \u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 th\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 x\u01b0a nay, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0110CT, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u201c\u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd (&lt;em&gt;Idols \u2013 Image&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, KT ghi l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb khi S\u1ebft ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u201c&lt;em&gt;ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (S\u00e1ng 4: 26). T\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;strong&gt;\u05dc\u05b4\u05e7\u05b0\u05e8\u05b9\u0596\u05d0&lt;\/strong&gt;) (&lt;em&gt;lig-r\u00f2&lt;\/em&gt;), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 k\u00eau c\u1ea7u, khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f4n th\u1edd\u201d. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, trong th\u1eddi N\u00f4-\u00ea, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u1eadp n\u00ean \u201cb\u00e0n d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf\u201d (&lt;em&gt;altar&lt;\/em&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;\u05de\u05b4\u05d6\u05b0\u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u0596\u05d7\u05b7 (&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;m\u00ed-b\u00ea-ah&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;), &lt;\/strong&gt;r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u201cd\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5\u201d&lt;strong&gt; \u05de\u05b4\u05e0\u05b0\u05d7\u05b8\u0596\u05d4 (&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;min-h\u00e0h&lt;\/em&gt;). H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f4n th\u1edd\u201d hay \u201cth\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d \u0110CT. Nh\u01b0ng, trong KT kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110CT, n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u201c\u0111\u00fac h\u00ecnh, t\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi, Ab-ram v\u1eabn th\u1ebf, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i Ab-ram l\u1eadp \u201cb\u00e0n th\u1edd\u201d. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u00e0n d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gia-v\u00ea. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn khi Gia-c\u1ed1p, \u0111i l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng cho \u00f4ng Li-ban. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ed1n \u0111i, Ra-ch\u00ean, v\u1ee3 Gia-c\u1ed1p, tr\u1ed9m c\u00e1c \u201cpho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d m\u00e0 cha m\u00ecnh th\u1edd \u1edf trong nh\u00e0. \u0110\u1ec3 \u00fd La-ban r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i r\u01b0\u1ee3t theo l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i, t\u00ecm cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cai \u0103n c\u1eafp\u201d, v\u00e0 h\u1ec5 \u201cai \u0103n c\u1eafp\u201d s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t h\u1ecd (S\u00e1ng 31). C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra: C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ai? \u00d4ng La-ban \u0111ang th\u1edd ai, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0110CT?.. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft La-ban l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a Na-c\u00f4 v\u00e0 Na-c\u00f4 v\u00e0 Ab-ram l\u00e0 hai anh em ru\u1ed9t, con c\u1ee7a Tha-r\u00ea &lt;em&gt;(\u0111\u00fang ra l\u00e0 Te-rah&lt;\/em&gt;), m\u00e0 Tha-r\u00ea, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn h\u1ecd ra kh\u1ecfi x\u1ee9 U-r\u01a1, \u0111\u1ebfn Cha-ran v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0110\u1ee9c Gia-v\u00ea Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u00a0g\u1ecdi Ab-ram b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 ra \u0111i. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u201cS\u1ebft\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u00f4ng La-ban \u0111ang th\u1edd \u0110CT qua c\u00e1c pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3? C\u0169ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, th\u1ee7a x\u01b0a \u1ea5y \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay \u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd\u201d. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00fac b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o, trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u1ea5t v.v\u2026 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201c\u00d4ng Tr\u1eddi\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u00d4ng Tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra m\u00e0 th\u00f4i! L\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y, d\u00e2n Ai-c\u1eadp th\u1edd 3 th\u1ea7n l\u1edbn: Th\u1ea7n &lt;strong&gt;Amun-Ra&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng V\u00f4 H\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;\u00d4ng Tr\u1eddi, Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n, Th\u1ea7n M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd&lt;\/em&gt;), Th\u1ea7n &lt;strong&gt;Mut&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n M\u1eabu, M\u1eb9 T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Osiric&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n Vua S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u00f9ng Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, d\u00e2n Ca-na-an, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n &lt;em&gt;Baah&lt;\/em&gt; (Ba-anh). V\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u1edd c\u00fang qua con B\u00f2 V\u00e0ng (hay &lt;em&gt;R\u1eafn H\u1ed7, M\u00e8o, hay S\u01b0 T\u1eed C\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00ec th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fac \u201cb\u00f2 v\u00e0ng th\u1edd \u0110CT\u201d b\u1edfi \u00a0A-r\u00f4n (Xu\u1ea5t 32), v\u00e0 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c \u1edf trong x\u1ee9 Ca-na-an. Ngay c\u1ea3 sau 1,500 n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy-l\u1ea1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u1edd th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 17). V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng \u0110CT.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d&lt;br \/&gt;\nCho n\u00ean l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0110CT ban b\u1ea3n 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean D\u00e2n Tuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110CT bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch th\u1edd Ng\u00e0i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang nh\u1ea5t, \u201c&lt;em&gt;kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 th\u1edd,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3, Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft, V\u00f4 H\u00ecnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft tr\u1ea7n, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac. \u201cKh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d m\u00e0 th\u1edd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u201ctinh khi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t\u201d trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd; \u201ccao si\u00eau\u201d nh\u1ea5t trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t\u201d trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Su\u1ed1t Kinh C\u01af, Ng\u00e0i l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i th\u1edd h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean qua c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ti\u00ean Tri, Ng\u00e0i cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u201cd\u00e2m lo\u1ea1n,\u201d (&lt;em&gt;V\u00ec khi th\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u201cd\u00e2m lo\u1ea1n\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t b\u1ecb chia \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1eaft l\u00e0m phu t\u00f9 cho d\u00e2n Ba-by-l\u00f4n g\u1ea7n 400 n\u0103m (930- 444 BC), \u00a0(Xu\u1ea5t. 20:4-5; \u00ca-sai 28-35; 45:20-21; Gi\u00ea 17-23; \u00ca-x\u00ea 20-23;), v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng r\u0103n c\u1ea5m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n trong Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc (Math. 6:24; Eph. 5:5; Col. 3:5). \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd \u2018th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d?&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u nhi\u1ec7m. Xin tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1eafn-t\u1eaft:&lt;br \/&gt;\n1. &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao, \u0110\u00e1ng T\u00f4n Th\u1edd.&lt;\/em&gt;Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u1eadp \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean&lt;em&gt;, &lt;\/em&gt;\u0110CT ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai, ngo\u00e0i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd. \u00a0V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p th\u1edd m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. \u0110CT l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng k\u1ef5 t\u00e0, \u0111\u1ea5ng ghen t\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ai th\u1edd m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t \u201cth\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u201d ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tha. \u0110CT l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai. \u0110\u00e1ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n2. &lt;em&gt;Khinh Th\u01b0\u1eddng Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;. KT d\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 linh v\u1eadt th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o \u201c&lt;em&gt;k\u00e9m \u0110CT m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d\u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;k\u00e9m h\u01a1n&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi &lt;strong&gt;vinh quang v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng&lt;\/strong&gt;. Ng\u00e0i khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi &lt;strong&gt;cai tr\u1ecb&lt;\/strong&gt; tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1eadt do tay Ng\u00e0i&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0...(Thi 8:5-6). Ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c trong TK, cho bi\u1ebft Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea7n.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o k\u00e9m h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026 d\u01b0\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt \u201ct\u1ed1i linh\u201d, h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.\u00a0 Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u201c&lt;em&gt;K\u00e9m h\u01a1n \u0110CT m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d nh\u01b0ng \u201ccao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c\u201d trong c\u00f5i tr\u1ea7n gian. V\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p t\u00f4n th\u1edd m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0110CT m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n th\u1edd m\u1ed9t ai kh\u00e1c, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. V\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chung con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khinh l\u1eddn quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea3o Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1eadt T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c.&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110CT t\u1ea1o Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng danh Ng\u00e0i. Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/th\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, \u0111\u00e1, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 tri, r\u1ed3i \u0111em th\u1edd\u2026Th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng? \u1ede \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eb3n, Con th\u1edd Cha, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4n th\u1edd c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n g\u1ed7, \u0111\u00e1, ch\u00ednh tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ra.&lt;\/li&gt;\n&lt;\/ol&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ba \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao \u0110CT kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edd t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i Ng\u00e0i.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su d\u1ea1y cao si\u00eau h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc, th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean: T\u00f4n cao c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa, nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00ean l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh. Xem tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng idols t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u00e2t, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. Say \u0111\u1eafm t\u1eedu s\u1eafc, d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c. M\u00ea tham ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c\u2026 Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham m\u00ea ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em ra so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, v\u00ec Ch\u00faa bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, s\u1ebd \u0111em con ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa c\u00e1ch Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 gian \u00e1c, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t n\u00ean Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n d\u1ea1y, \u201c&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1edd l\u00e0m t\u00f4i \u0110CT, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m t\u00f4i Ma-m\u00f4n n\u1eefa&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 6:24). N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y h\u01a1n Ch\u00faa, tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2026 (Ma-thi-\u01a1 6:33). &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Adultery&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/idolatry\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/idolatry\/\" >Idolatry<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ignorance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u01a1n S\u01a1, Ngu Ng\u01a1, V\u00f4 T\u01b0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;agnoia&lt;\/em&gt;, Lat. &lt;em&gt;ignorantia&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh cho l\u00e0 \u201c &lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 kh\u1edd d\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u2013 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i (Exe. 45:20; Eph. 4:18; I Pet. 1:14). Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia c\u0169ng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, ch\u00ednh ch\u1ed7 \u201c\u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1\u201d \u201ckh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft\u201d l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i ngu&lt;br \/&gt;\nng\u01a1\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i t\u1ed9i.\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ignorance\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ignorance\/\" >Ignorance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ignostic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phi Th\u1ee9c, Phi Th\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110CT kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u00a0T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ebft gia, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Rabbi Sherman Wine d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb trong m\u00f4n ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110CT. (\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0110CT kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ignostic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ignostic\/\" >Ignostic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;IHS or IHC&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ba Ch\u1eef \u0110\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hy-l\u1ea1p, Ch\u1eef T\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9c \u00c2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ba ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1eef t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus \u2013 IHCOYC (I\u00e9sou) c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;In His&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Signo&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (In this sign conguer), \u201c&lt;em&gt;In His Service&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d; \u201c&lt;em&gt;In Hoc Salus&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (In this Cross) is Savation; Jesus Habernuis Socium (I have Jesus as our companion).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ihs-or-ihc\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ihs-or-ihc\/\" >IHS or IHC<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Illumination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Soi S\u00e1ng, Chi\u1ebfu S\u00e1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 soi s\u00e1ng, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng (enlighten-ment), v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1edfi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 Ch\u00faa nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n (Eph. 1:18; Heb. 6:4; 10:32). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 mang ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ecdn Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa soi s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1n d\u1ea1y cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang h\u1ecdc theo.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/illumination\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/illumination\/\" >Illumination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Illumination Inspiration&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Soi D\u1eabn C\u1ea3m Th\u00fac&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/illumination-inspiration\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/illumination-inspiration\/\" >Illumination Inspiration<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Illumination Spiritual&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Chi\u1ebfu S\u00e1ng T\u00e2m Linh &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 soi s\u00e1ng t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, t\u00e0 linh \u0111en t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 trong t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/illumination-spiritual\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/illumination-spiritual\/\" >Illumination Spiritual<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Illumination Way&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng S\u00e1ng Soi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong tr\u1eafng, trong s\u1ea1ch kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/illumination-way\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/illumination-way\/\" >Illumination Way<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Image of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u00ecnh B\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u00edn l\u00ed d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong \u201ch\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Image of God&lt;\/em&gt;) qua c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 1:27. Trong ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Image Dei&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadn th\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. C\u00f3 ba gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: (1) Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi theo th\u1ec3 linh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng d\u1ea1ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o theo b\u00f3ng d\u1ea1ng linh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa (KT li\u00ean h\u1ec7: S\u00e1ng. 1:26-27; 5:1; 9:6; I Cor. 11; Col. 3:10; Gia-c\u01a1 3:9 \u2013 Xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y: Calvin, Luther, E. Brunner, K. Barth, J.I. Parker,..). (2) N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u201c&lt;em&gt;Image\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a \u201c&lt;em&gt;b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00ed, qua s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Sau khi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, th\u00edch l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecbch g\u00ec ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n Ng\u00e0i. C\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u00ean th\u00e2n v\u1ecb Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0(3) C\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh (gi\u1edbi) v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;linh th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong \u201c&lt;em&gt;linh th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0ng sau\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0khi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ebft m\u1ea5t \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u00ednh linh th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sao l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/image-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/image-of-god\/\" >Image of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Image of Trinity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;B\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Imago Trinitatic&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, t\u1eeb do th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Augustine (354 \u2013 430) d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, khi b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u00e1nh Ba Ng\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u201ch\u1eefu th\u1ec3, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed\u201d (body, knowledge and will) c\u1ea3 ba trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ee9ng g\u00e0.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/image-of-trinity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/image-of-trinity\/\" >Image of Trinity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Images, Veneration of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00f3ng D\u1ea1ng T\u00f4n K\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, t\u00f4n th\u1edd, s\u1ef1 cao tr\u1ecdng b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng, ch\u00e2n dung, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, c\u00f4 Ma-ri, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc t\u00f4n th\u00e1nh, c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0 Ma-ri tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u0169ng th\u0103ng thi\u00ean nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Jesus. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Assumption of Mary&lt;\/em&gt; qua gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o trong th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng CG La- m\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/images-veneration-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/images-veneration-of\/\" >Images, Veneration of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Imfutation of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec5m T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a A-\u0111am \u0111em k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng cho con ch\u00e1u mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft (Trong \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec3m). V\u1eady, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i (Thi 51:1-5; Rom 5:12; Eph 2:1-3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imfutation-of-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imfutation-of-sin\/\" >Imfutation of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Imitation of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ed1ng Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt do Thomas \u00e1 Kempis (c. 1380 \u2013 1471) trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. T\u1eeb b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n do th\u00e1nh Gi\u0103ng trong th\u01b0 III Gi\u0103ng 11, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa, tin Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i \u201c&lt;em&gt;b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d theo Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa trong \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Phao-l\u00f4 c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng khuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y t\u00edn h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecf ra s\u1ef1 \u0103n \u1edf, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa (I Cor. 4:14; Phil. 3:17; II Thes. 3:7, 9; I Thes. 1:6). Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt phong tr\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng \u201cgi\u1ed1ng theo Ch\u00faa\u2019 qua c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Imitation of Christ&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a Thomas \u00e1 Kempis, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Imago Christian&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1889) c\u1ee7a James Stalker\u2019s, \u201c&lt;em&gt;In His Steps&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1899) c\u1ee7a Charles Sheldon, v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Pilgrim Progress&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a John Buyan.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imitation-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imitation-of-christ\/\" >Imitation of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Imma-nence of the End&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Si\u00eau Th\u1ef1c Sau R\u1ed1t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;HT Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf si\u00eau th\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imma-nence-of-the-end\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imma-nence-of-the-end\/\" >Imma-nence of the End<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Imma-nent Trinity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i Si\u00eau Th\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u1ed9i th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imma-nent-trinity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imma-nent-trinity\/\" >Imma-nent Trinity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec3m Nguy\u00ean T\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Trinh N\u1eef Mary&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean do t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, b\u1edfi gi\u00e1o l\u1ec7nh (bull) &lt;em&gt;Ineffabili Deus&lt;\/em&gt; do Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pius IX (Dec 8, 1854) r\u1eb1ng Mary th\u1ee5 thai H\u00e0i Nhi Jesus, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh c\u00f4 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh s\u1ea1ch kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng v\u00edt ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 nhi\u1ec3m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i\u201d;\u00a0 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u201cth\u0103ng thi\u00ean\u201d v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immaculate-conception-of-the-blessed-virgin-mary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immaculate-conception-of-the-blessed-virgin-mary\/\" >Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Immanence of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh N\u1ed9i T\u1ea1i, T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh cao c\u1ea3 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Transcendence of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d &lt;em&gt;(T\u00ednh Si\u00eau Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi).&lt;\/em&gt; \u00dd n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\/ hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn con m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft Cha; nh\u00ecn c\u00e2y m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft tr\u00e1i. T\u00ednh n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00f4 bi\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00e2m thu\u00fd trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u2013 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt;\u00a0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1c Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Gia K. Barth, E. Brunner, Paul Tillich, W. Pennenberg \u2026 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u trang s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immanence-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immanence-of-god\/\" >Immanence of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Immanence of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Si\u00eau Th\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;N\u1ed9i T\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;) &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;immanere&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (remain in). C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Transcendence&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u1ef1 Si\u00eau Bi\u1ebfn).\u00a0 M\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 v\u1edbi) m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian. Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta (Christians), Ch\u00faa hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, qua c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c cao si\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus, h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh, kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u2013 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1edf Gi\u0103ng 14; I Thes. 4:17; Tit 2:13; Gia 5:7-8; I Thes. 1:10; I Gi\u0103ng 3:1-3; Rom. 13:11-12).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immanence-of-god-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immanence-of-god-2\/\" >Immanence of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Immanentist Apolo-getics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Si\u00eau Th\u1ef1c Gia Bi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immanentist-apolo-getics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immanentist-apolo-getics\/\" >Immanentist Apolo-getics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Immanuel = Emmanuel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u1ede C\u00f9ng Ch\u00fang Ta&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1: &lt;em&gt;Emma:&lt;\/em&gt; \u1edf v\u1edbi, &lt;em&gt;nu&lt;\/em&gt;: ch\u00fang ta, &lt;em&gt;el&lt;\/em&gt;: Ch\u00faa; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;God with us&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d - \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ea1i c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p ba l\u1ea7n trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh: 2 \u1edf C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 1 \u1edf T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc (E-sai 7:14; 8:8; v\u00e0 Math. 1:23). T\u1eeb m\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri \u00ca-sai kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng (b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i) \u0111\u1ec3 an \u1ee7i d\u00e2n Israel trong l\u00fac l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00ean tri v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia - \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i s\u1ebd ra \u0111\u1eddi \u2013 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00f9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 (Immanence, n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i t\u00ednh) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt cho c\u1ea3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 chung th\u1ea9m. V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u1edf v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Kh\u1ea3i. 21:3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immanuel-emmanuel\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immanuel-emmanuel\/\" >Immanuel = Emmanuel<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Immersion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00ecm Ng\u1eadp, Nh\u1eadn Ch\u00ecm&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Hyl. &lt;em&gt;Baptizo &lt;\/em&gt;nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm &lt;em&gt;(&lt;\/em&gt;v), ch\u00ecm ng\u1eadp (dt). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn - gi\u00e1o l\u00fd L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u0111\u00e3 ghi: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u2013 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm\u2013 ch\u00ecm ng\u1eadp trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i Tin L\u00e0nh C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Protestant&lt;\/em&gt;) ng\u00e0y nay (Math. 3:13; Mac 1:9; Rom. 6:1tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immersion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immersion\/\" >Immersion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Immersionism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem Nh\u1eadn Ch\u00ecm&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immersionism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immersionism\/\" >Immersionism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Immortality&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t T\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Im&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u2013 (not), &lt;em&gt;mors&lt;\/em&gt; (death), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft (b\u1ea5t t\u1eed). L\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, c\u00f2n m\u00e3i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, b\u1ea5t t\u1eed \u2026\u00a0 Trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Cr\u00edt-t\u00f4 nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng ai nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 do Ch\u00faa ban cho, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng, c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immortality\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immortality\/\" >Immortality<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Immotality Condi-tional&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00edn L\u00ed Tr\u00ecnh Tr\u1ea1ng B\u1ea5t T\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi A-dam ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immotality-condi-tional\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/immotality-condi-tional\/\" >Immotality Condi-tional<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Impanation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7n Di\u1ec7n Th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u1eadt, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed &lt;strong&gt;hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; (consubstantiation&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y do gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Andreas Osiander (d. 1552) ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh). Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, trong c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng La-tin v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u2013 Guitmund of Arersa (d. 1195), sau \u0111\u00f3 John of Paris (d. 1306). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cB\u00e1nh v\u00e0 R\u01b0\u1ee3u nho\u201d \u0111\u00e3 &lt;strong&gt;bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;transubstantialism&lt;\/em&gt;) trong l\u00fac d\u1ef1 L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00fd n\u00e0y m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, John Calvin \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Vi\u1ec7c C\u1eed L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 ra cho nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/impanation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/impanation\/\" >Impanation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Impassibility, Divine&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea5t C\u1ea3m Th\u00f4ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m hay l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt. Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Cha th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng deism. &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Lord\u2019s Supper&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/impassibility-divine\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/impassibility-divine\/\" >Impassibility, Divine<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Impeccability&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m, Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 Ph\u1ea1m, Phi T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i, V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m Nguy\u00ean T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ed9i, v\u00ec Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (Heb. 4:15). Ri\u00eang c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c ph\u00e0m; t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng h\u1ecd cho t\u1eeb tr\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/impeccability\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/impeccability\/\" >Impeccability<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Imperfection&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea5t To\u00e0n, Khi\u1ebfm Khuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;vitium&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n), t\u1eeb d\u00e0nh cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n (&lt;em&gt;man is imperfect&lt;\/em&gt;), gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (&lt;em&gt;limited)&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imperfection\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imperfection\/\" >Imperfection<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Imperisable&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 Ti\u00eau H\u1ee7y - Phi Kh\u1ea3 Di\u1ec7t, B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 Di\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t. Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;aphthartos&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cimperisable\u201d \u201cincurruptible\u201d (kh\u00f4ng ung th\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng). Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 trong I Cor. 15:42, 50, 52, d\u1ea1y t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 sau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa sau khi Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imperisable\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imperisable\/\" >Imperisable<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Implicit Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Tin B\u1ea5t Ph\u00e2n, \/\/ Phi Nghi\u1ec7m, \/\/ Phi Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh. T\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u00f9\u201d (blind faith) \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/implicit-faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/implicit-faith\/\" >Implicit Faith<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Implicit Tranitarianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i Phi Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh (Math. 28:19; II Cor. 13:14; Eph. 4:4-6\u2019 Tit 3:4-6; Sang. 1:1-3; Math. 4:1tt) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb - &lt;strong&gt;Implicit Truth&lt;\/strong&gt; (L\u1ebd Th\u1eadt Phi Th\u1ee9c, \/\/ B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 Tri, \/\/ Phi Nghi\u1ec7m).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/implicit-tranitarianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/implicit-tranitarianism\/\" >Implicit Tranitarianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Implicit Truth&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ebd Th\u1eadt Phi Th\u1ee9c, \/\/ B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 Tri, \/\/ Phi Nghi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/implicit-truth\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/implicit-truth\/\" >Implicit Truth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Imputation of Christ\u2019s Righteousness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh qua \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imputation-of-christs-righteousness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imputation-of-christs-righteousness\/\" >Imputation of Christ\u2019s Righteousness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Imputation of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imputation-of-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imputation-of-sin\/\" >Imputation of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Imputation, Doctrine of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o L\u00ed Quy T\u1ed9i\/ Di Truy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;Logizomai&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 cho), Th\u1eeba\/ Truy\u1ec1n K\u1ebf\/ Di Truy\u1ec1n). T\u1eeb trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 di truy\u1ec1n, s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i sau. \u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 do t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a A-dam m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 xui khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u1edf R\u00f4-ma 5:12-14. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh (gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i, tha t\u1ed9i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n ra hai t\u00edn l\u00ed: nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 t\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 di truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, chia ra nh\u01b0 sau: (1) Kh\u1ed1i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3: t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb A-dam, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i. B\u1edfi nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef7 t\u1ed9i (t\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean). (2) Kh\u1ed1i T\u00e2n Tin L\u00e0nh, tin r\u1eb1ng: \u201c&lt;em&gt;nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a A-dam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c di truy\u1ec1n. Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a A-dam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 do A-dam t\u1ea1o n\u00ean; v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng (b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n). S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;sinh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft \u00e1n n\u01a1i A-dam r\u1ed3i; do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u201cs\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft\u201d \u0111\u00e3 lan tr\u00e0n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i n\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa k\u1ec3 c\u00e1i k\u1ef7 t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, s\u1eafp l\u00e0m trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Ch\u00faa Jesus b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t khi tin nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft\/ gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00fang ta: (1) \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1ch t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha t\u1ed9i (k\u1ef7 t\u1ed9i) h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 (2) \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft (qua s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. (3) Nhi\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Tin l\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t n\u1eefa tin nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eefa tin theo T\u00e2n Tin L\u00e0nh (New Evangelical). D\u00f9 tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i (nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 t\u1ed9i) r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha th\u1ee9, qua s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh (Rom. 5:15-21; I Cor. 15:21-23; Rom. 3:23; Exe. 18:25, 32; IGiang 1:9-10). &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam t\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt; \u00a0&lt;strong&gt;A-dam&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imputation-doctrine-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/imputation-doctrine-of\/\" >Imputation, Doctrine of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;In Adam&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trong A-dam&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Phao-l\u00f4 v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng do A-dam (Sang 3; Rom.5:12tt; I Cor. 15:22).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/in-adam\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/in-adam\/\" >In Adam<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;In Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u1f10\u03bd&lt;\/strong&gt; \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff7&lt;em&gt; -Trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh, Phao-l\u00f4 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Trong T\u01af, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u201c&lt;em&gt;in Christ&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;In Adam&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d.\u00a0 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;\u1f10\u03bd&lt;\/strong&gt; \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff7\u201d&lt;em&gt; (In Christ)&lt;\/em&gt; c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tha thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4. Song song v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh, \u0110\u1ee9c Tin, Tuy\u00ean C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;,..\u201d (Rom. 8:3; I Cor. 15:18, 22; II Cor. 5:17; Eph. 1:4).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/in-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/in-christ\/\" >In Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;In Fused Knowledge&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c Tr\u1ef1c Ban&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y do gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 l\u00e0 Alexandia of Hales (c. 1185 \u2013 1245), d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 hay c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o. T\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 - &lt;strong&gt;Infusion&lt;\/strong&gt; (\u0110\u1ed5 Xu\u1ed1ng, Ban Tr\u00ean), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ban cho \u00e2n t\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110TL tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/in-fused-knowledge\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/in-fused-knowledge\/\" >In Fused Knowledge<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Inability&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u00f4 Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng, B\u1ea5t N\u0103ng, B\u1ea5t L\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n phi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t\/ thi\u1ec7n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4n sao l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. Trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 do c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n ban cho c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng (\u0111\u1eb7c mi\u1ec5n) c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Cha. (Eph. 2:8-9; Thi 14:3; 53:3; Eph. 1:4-5). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inability\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inability\/\" >Inability<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Inauthentic Existence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu Phi Th\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Paul Tillich trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 xa l\u1ea1\u201d (&lt;em&gt;estrangement&lt;\/em&gt;) (&lt;em&gt;ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;) kh\u1ecfi \u201cc\u01a1 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u201d (&lt;em&gt;ground of being&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inauthentic-existence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inauthentic-existence\/\" >Inauthentic Existence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Incardination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eadp T\u0103ng H\u1ec7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 trong lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u0103ng l\u1eef v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c, hay thu\u1eadn ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/incardination\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/incardination\/\" >Incardination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Incarnate Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i Hai nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ti\u00ean tri v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia (Christ) s\u1ebd gi\u00e1ng sinh trong th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u00ca-sai 9:5).\u00a0 Ng\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i Hai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u1edf l\u00e0ng Betlehem v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf Naxaret nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea7n gian.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/incarnate-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/incarnate-christ\/\" >Incarnate Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Incarnation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3, Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;en&lt;\/em&gt; (v\u00e0o) &lt;em&gt;carna&lt;\/em&gt; (flesh) x\u00e1c th\u1ec3. Ti\u1ebfng Lat. in (trong), &lt;em&gt;caro&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;carnis&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cflesh\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed tin r\u1eb1ng, Ng\u00f4i Hai trong Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n gian trong th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u thai\u201d l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kinh Th\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qua c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri nh\u01b0 E-sai, Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi, Ma-la-chi v\u00e0 trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ghi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u1edf Gi\u0103ng 1:14 \u201c\u2026&lt;em&gt;Word became flesh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Rom. 1:3; 8:3; Gal. 4:4; Phil. 2:7-8; I Tim. 3:16; I Gi\u0103ng 4:2). S\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 n\u00e0y \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft x\u00e2u xa trong \u201cs\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh\u201d (&lt;em&gt;humiliation&lt;\/em&gt;), \u201cs\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m tr\u1ed1ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh\u201d (&lt;em&gt;emty himself&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc: &lt;em&gt;substance&lt;\/em&gt; (b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t), \u201c&lt;em&gt;being&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3\/ n\u0103ng), &lt;em&gt;essence&lt;\/em&gt; (b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh\/ c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch) c\u1ee7a Jesus v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn g\u00e2y c\u1ea5n trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt;-5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 431 AD.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa 100% v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi 100% b\u1edfi\u00a0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/incarnation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/incarnation\/\" >Incarnation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Incarnational Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus trong Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/incarnational-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/incarnational-theology\/\" >Incarnational Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Incarnationism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i chung, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c trong m\u1ecdi d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/incarnationism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/incarnationism\/\" >Incarnationism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Inclusive Language&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Bao N\u1ea1p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1eeb trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e1i, h\u1ec7 hay kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng bao n\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, h\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inclusive-language\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inclusive-language\/\" >Inclusive Language<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Inclusiveness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Bao N\u1ea1p Tr\u1ecdn V\u1eb9n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inclusiveness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inclusiveness\/\" >Inclusiveness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Incognito, Divine&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Nhi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf th\u00e1nh, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 minh kh\u1ea3i th\u00e1nh (divine revelation) t\u1eeb \u0110CT qua nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus trong th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ai ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/incognito-divine\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/incognito-divine\/\" >Incognito, Divine<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Inculturation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadp V\u0103n Ho\u00e1 \u2013 H\u1ea5p Th\u1ee5 V\u0103n Ho\u00e1 C\u00f3 S\u1eb5n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a V\u0103n H\u00f3a hay trong X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i H\u1ecdc. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n h\u00f3a un \u0111\u00fac h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 qua nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0n n\u0103m hay qua m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t. Mu\u1ed1n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. M\u00f4n Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ho\u00e1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 qua c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o hay th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trong v\u0103n ho\u00e1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay ph\u00e1t huy gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inculturation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inculturation\/\" >Inculturation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Indepen-dent Churches&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh T\u1ef1 L\u1eadp \/\/ \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u1edf.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/indepen-dent-churches\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/indepen-dent-churches\/\" >Indepen-dent Churches<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Independency&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ec3 Th\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hay gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang (&lt;em&gt;Congregation Church)&lt;\/em&gt; \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; ra kh\u1ecfi go\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Episcopal Church&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/independency\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/independency\/\" >Independency<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Independents&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/independents\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/independents\/\" >Independents<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Indian Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc C\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Da \u0110\u1ecf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u1ed9i dung ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00f3i chung \u0111u\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Da \u0110\u1ecf. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u1ed7i gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy di\u1ec5n l\u1ebd th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong ni\u1ec1m tin hay t\u00edn l\u00ed, th\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i L\u00e0 M\u1ed9t \u2013 Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 ng\u1ed9 - Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ l\u00e0 con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u2026 d\u00f9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/indian-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/indian-theology\/\" >Indian Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Indirect Revelation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Minh Kh\u1ea3i Gi\u00e1n Ti\u1ebfp&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;hai \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c, Karl Barth (1886-1968) v\u00e0 Emil Brunner (1889-1966) \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u trang s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/indirect-revelation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/indirect-revelation\/\" >Indirect Revelation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Individual Sin T\u1ed9i C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/individual-sin-toi-ca-nhan\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/individual-sin-toi-ca-nhan\/\" >Individual Sin T\u1ed9i C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Individualism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u2013 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;\u00a0 khi m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i chung v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sai, \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00eam quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho n\u1eef gi\u1edbi (femine), ph\u00e1t huy n\u1ec1n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc N\u1eef Gi\u1edbi (F&lt;em&gt;eminist Theology&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng (&lt;em&gt;Liberation Theology&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1ec7 tam qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/individualism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/individualism\/\" >Individualism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Individuality&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb The Fifth Lateran Council (1512 \u2013 17) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh linh h\u1ed3n \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Neo-Aristotelism (&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Aristote&lt;\/em&gt;) d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ri\u00eang m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chung trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/individuality\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/individuality\/\" >Individuality<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Induction&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Quy N\u1ea1p, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Quy N\u1ea1p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn l\u00ed tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gom t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb xa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch quy n\u1ea1p, gom l\u1ea1i, t\u00f3m \u00fd l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch trong lu\u1eadn l\u00ed h\u1ecdc. Tri\u1ebft Gia Descard \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadn l\u00ed n\u00e0y v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/induction\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/induction\/\" >Induction<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Inductive Method&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Quy N\u1ea1p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inductive-method\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inductive-method\/\" >Inductive Method<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Inductive Reasoning&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed Quy N\u1ea1p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inductive-reasoning\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inductive-reasoning\/\" >Inductive Reasoning<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Indulgences&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 X\u00e1 T\u1ed9i, L\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00f3t, Khoan Dung&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 khoan dung, tha th\u1ee9, \u00e2n x\u00e1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i d\u00f9 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tha th\u1ee9, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u00e2n x\u00e1 qua nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau sau khi \u0103n n\u0103n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o tranh lu\u1eadn l\u1edbn trong th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh. Ri\u00eang M. Luther (1483 \u2013 1546) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, c\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y; do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean C\u00e1o 95 \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch \u1edf Witenburg.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/indulgences\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/indulgences\/\" >Indulgences<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Indwelling&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ede Trong, C\u1ee9 \u1ede Trong&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Hyl. &lt;em&gt;Mene, monai&lt;\/em&gt;: c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5, \u1edf), La-tin &lt;em&gt;inhabitare&lt;\/em&gt;. C\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 trong, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1edf trong. L\u00e0 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gi\u0103ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (Gi\u0103ng 15). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phao-l\u00f4 (Gal. &amp; Eph.). T\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u1edf l\u1ea1i, \u1edf trong c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh \u1edf trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00ean th\u00e1nh h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Kr\u00edt-t\u00f4 nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 I \u1edf Anh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, do J. Wesley, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng II \u1edf M\u1ef9, gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; , do Ch. Finney v\u00e0 D. Moody\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/indwelling\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/indwelling\/\" >Indwelling<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Inerrancy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u00f4ng Sai L\u1ea7m, Kh\u00f4ng C\u00f3 L\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&quot;Inerrancy&quot; xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latin inerrans, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &quot;kh\u00f4ng sai&quot;, &quot;kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i&quot;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Kinh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m hay sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0o c\u1ea3! T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay. V\u00ec l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi minh kh\u1ea3i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i ng\u00e0y nay chia l\u00e0m 3: B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7, B\u1ea3o H\u00f2a v\u00e0 T\u1ef1 Do. Kh\u1ed1i B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 (&lt;em&gt;Conservative&lt;\/em&gt;) tin v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 sai l\u1ea7m\/v\u00f4 ng\u1ed9 (&lt;em&gt;Inerrancy\/ Infallibility&lt;\/em&gt;), Kh\u1ed1i B\u1ea3o H\u00f2a (&lt;em&gt;Moderate&lt;\/em&gt;) tin r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea7m. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Bap-t\u00edt Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (SBC) \u0111\u00e3 chia ra hai kh\u1ed1i: SBC &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 CBF &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt; (Cooperative Baptist Fellow-ship, (Moderate)). V\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i th\u1ee9 ba: &lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ed1i T\u1ef1 Do&lt;\/em&gt;, kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, \u0111a ki\u1ebfn. H\u1ecd \u0111i xa h\u01a1n cho r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin v\u00e0o ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, v\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i chung, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 tin trong Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. Kinh Th\u00e1nh ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam \u1edf ph\u1ea7n sau Infallibility&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inerrancy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inerrancy\/\" >Inerrancy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Infallibility&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u00f4 Ng\u1ed9, Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 Sai L\u1ea1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;in&lt;\/em&gt; (not), &lt;em&gt;fallere&lt;\/em&gt; (gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1t, to deceive). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng sai, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed1i gian. Trong gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb&lt;em&gt; infallibity&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb l\u00e2u do c\u00e1c c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh: II Timothy 3:16, II Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 1: 21, Ma-thi-\u01a1 5: 17-19; Kh\u1ea3i 22: 18-19. Khi d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, th\u00ec bao h\u00e0m lu\u00f4n t\u1eeb kia; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb kia \u201cinerrancy\u201d th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n.\u00a0 N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng tin \u1edf bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0 \u1edf s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 1:3-11; n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng sai, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 minh kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Qua \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung. Ch\u00faa Jesus mang s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00fang trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang trong n\u1ed9i dung. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong nh\u1eefng ai tin theo Ng\u00e0i; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa (C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Nh\u00e2n); d\u1ea7n d\u00e0, \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o (H\u1ed9i Th\u00e0nh Ch\u00faa Thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean) tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 sai l\u1ea7m b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh soi s\u00e1ng h\u00e0 h\u01a1i. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 tin v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh tin r\u1eb1ng do s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh d\u1eabn d\u1eaft qua l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea7m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 soi s\u00e1ng, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u00fac (Illumination, Enligh-tenning, Inspiration). Ngo\u00e0i t\u00edn l\u00ed tr\u00ean Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1eeda sai, v\u00e0 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00ed kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Ri\u00eang Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh n\u00f3i chung, t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;\u201cInfallibity\u201d&lt;\/strong&gt; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u201ckh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i\u201d c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;inerrancy&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infallibility\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infallibility\/\" >Infallibility<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Infant Baptism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem Cho Tr\u1ebb Em&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00edn l\u00ed d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1p-tem cho tr\u1ebb em (Xem \u1edf m\u1ee5c Baptism, Infant). T\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 - &lt;strong&gt;Infant Communion&lt;\/strong&gt;: L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh cho tr\u1ebb em t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ban b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ch\u00e9n (trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh) cho tr\u1ebb em trong Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u00f3m trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh. - &lt;strong&gt;Infant Salvation&lt;\/strong&gt; s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cho tr\u1ebb em tr\u01b0\u1edbc tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infant-baptism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infant-baptism\/\" >Infant Baptism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Infant Communion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh cho tr\u1ebb em t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ban b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ch\u00e9n (trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh) cho tr\u1ebb em trong Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u00f3m trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infant-communion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infant-communion\/\" >Infant Communion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Infant Salvation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cho tr\u1ebb em tr\u01b0\u1edbc tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infant-salvation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infant-salvation\/\" >Infant Salvation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Infinite Being&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Sinh Th\u1ec3 H\u1eb1ng H\u1eefu\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. H\u1eefu th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 trong Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. T\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 - &lt;strong&gt;Infinite Qualitative Distinction&lt;\/strong&gt; (Ph\u1ea9m Ch\u1ea5t \u0110\u1eb7c Th\u00f9 H\u1eb1ng H\u1eefu), t\u1eeb do th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Karl Barth (1886 \u2013 1968) \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1edfi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a S. Kierkergaard (1813 \u2013 1855). - &lt;strong&gt;Infinity or infinite&lt;\/strong&gt; (S\u1ef1 V\u00f4 Bi\u00ean, \/\/ V\u00f4 T\u1eadn, \/\/ H\u1eb1ng H\u1eefu).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infinite-being\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infinite-being\/\" >Infinite Being<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Infinite Qualitative Distinction&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea9m Ch\u1ea5t \u0110\u1eb7c Th\u00f9 H\u1eb1ng H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb do th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Karl Barth (1886 \u2013 1968) \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1edfi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a S. Kierkergaard (1813 \u2013 1855).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infinite-qualitative-distinction\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infinite-qualitative-distinction\/\" >Infinite Qualitative Distinction<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Infinity or infinite&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 V\u00f4 Bi\u00ean, \/\/ V\u00f4 T\u1eadn, \/\/ H\u1eb1ng H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infinity-or-infinite\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infinity-or-infinite\/\" >Infinity or infinite<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Infralapsarianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed H\u1eadu Sa-Ng\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Infra&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (below) or (after), v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;lapsus&lt;\/em&gt; (fall). Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch cho r\u1eb1ng trong \u2018thi\u00ean l\u1ec7nh\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 sa ng\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c. (Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;elect &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;or&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; election&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infralapsarianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infralapsarianism\/\" >Infralapsarianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Infusion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed5 Xu\u1ed1ng, Ban Tr\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ban cho \u00e2n t\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110TL tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infusion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/infusion\/\" >Infusion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ingeneracy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sinh Ra, Ph\u00e1t Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;ingene-rate&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cto bear\u201d, \u201cto bring forth\u201d. T\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00edn l\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t (Tam V\u1ecb Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3). T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh.\u00a0 Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt; Jesus, Marius, Nicence Council).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ingeneracy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ingeneracy\/\" >Ingeneracy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Inguisition&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o To\u00e0\/ Ph\u00e1p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi uy quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13rd l\u1eadp ra to\u00e0 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng ai vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt, gi\u00e1o quy \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 khai tr\u1eeb ra kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd (n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0103n n\u0103n). Gi\u00e1o t\u00f2a kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gegory IX trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13, v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La-tin \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inguisition\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inguisition\/\" >Inguisition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Inheritance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Th\u1eeba K\u1ebf, S\u1ef1 L\u01b0u Truy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf, th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean: \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m s\u1eefa v\u00e0 m\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ban cho, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho. B\u1edfi l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a, d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 s\u0103n s\u00f3c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110CT trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng TK v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;inheritance&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u201cv\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e2m linh. Bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y: (1) Th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh qua Con Ng\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb t\u1eeb C\u01af v\u00e0 T\u01af v\u1ec1 Con Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Met-sia. \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt, d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd tr\u1ecb v\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, con ch\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cng\u00f4i b\u00e1o\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 vua\u2026 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tv\u1ecb Vua L\u1edbn\u2026 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. (2) Th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi\/ N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng\u201d, t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng \u1ea7y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean v\u00e0 Christian (&lt;em&gt;Crit-nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt; - C\u1ee9u Ch\u1ee9a H\u1eefu). L\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Crit-nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt; - C\u1ee9u Ch\u1ee9a H\u1eefu, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u201cth\u1eeba k\u1ebf\u201d Ng\u00f4i N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ban cho t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf. (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00faa ban, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3 trong N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi).\u00a0 (D\u00e2n. 34:2; Xu\u1ea5t. 1:6; Ph\u1ee5c. 26:1; Thi. 105:1).\u00a0 \u0110\u1ebfn T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng cho nh\u1eefng ai th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i (Math. 25:24; Gal. 3:21; Heb. 1:14). T\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 - &lt;strong&gt;Inheritance of Adam Sin&lt;\/strong&gt; (Th\u1eeba K\u1ebf T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a A-dam \u2013 Mang Nguy\u00ean T\u1ed9i A-dam).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inheritance\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inheritance\/\" >Inheritance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Inheritance of Adam Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eeba K\u1ebf T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a A-dam \u2013 Mang Nguy\u00ean T\u1ed9i A-dam&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inheritance-of-adam-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inheritance-of-adam-sin\/\" >Inheritance of Adam Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Iniguitty&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i, T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i, T\u1ed9i Ph\u1ea1m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, gian \u00e1c,.. (Xu\u1ea5t. 34:7; \u00ca-sai 13:11; Mat. 23:28).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/iniguitty\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/iniguitty\/\" >Iniguitty<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Initiation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Nh\u1eadp M\u00f4n \u2013 L\u1ec5 S\u01a1 Nh\u1eadp&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i hay \u0111\u1ec3 gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 gia nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean, t\u00edn h\u1eefu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/initiation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/initiation\/\" >Initiation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Injustice&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t C\u00f4ng, B\u1ea5t Ch\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sa \u0111o\u1ea1, theo t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ecb c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 (E-sai 58:6; Gi\u00ea. 22:13; \u00d4-su\u00ea 10:13).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/injustice\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/injustice\/\" >Injustice<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Innocence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 V\u00f4 T\u01b0, V\u00f4 T\u1ed9i &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ng\u1eef bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb (k\u1ec3 l\u00e0) c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i v\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd, v\u00f4 t\u01b0, ngu ng\u01a1, k\u00e9m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;v\u00f4 t\u01b0&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/innocence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/innocence\/\" >Innocence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;INRI&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Jesus L\u00e0 Vua Ju-da&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb ch\u1eef I (Jesus), N (Nazaret), R (Rex: vua), I (Ju-da). C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng La-tin (Iesus Nazaret Rex Iudaeorum Jesus of Nazareth, The King of the Jesus). T\u1eeb l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh Gi\u0103ng 19:19-20, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh, v\u00e0 l\u00ednh La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng nh\u1ecf r\u1ed3i g\u1eafn tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2y th\u1eadp gi\u00e1.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inri\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inri\/\" >INRI<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Inscription&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ghi Ch\u00e9p, Thu\u1eadt K\u00fd, L\u1eddi Ghi Nh\u1edb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh soi s\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c vua, s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3, ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inscription\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inscription\/\" >Inscription<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Inspiration&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ea3m Th\u00fac&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00fac b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi soi d\u1eabn vi\u1ebft ra l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh t\u1eeb x\u01b0a. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 soi d\u1eabn si\u00eau nhi\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m (th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, ch\u00e2n l\u00ed, l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh II Timothy 3:16 v\u00e0 II Phiero 1:21. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn h\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 sau: (1) S\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00fac t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u1edf, h\u00e0 h\u01a1i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (breath), theo nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0i h\u00e0 h\u01a1i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft (Timothy), (2) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;soi d\u1eabn&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 soi s\u00e1ng, soi d\u1eabn cho nh\u1eefng ai Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u theo \u00fd Ng\u00e0i. (3) S\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (&lt;em&gt;Dictative inspiration&lt;\/em&gt;), l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 soi d\u1eabn t\u1eebng l\u1eddi, t\u1eebng ch\u1eef trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb sai tr\u1eadt l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. (4) S\u1ef1 C\u1ea3m Th\u00fac T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;Plenary Inspiration&lt;\/em&gt;), t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong Th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n hay to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u00e3 soi d\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do vi\u1ebft trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00ecnh. (5) S\u1ef1 C\u1ea3m Th\u00fac Linh \u0110\u1ed9ng&lt;em&gt; (Dynamic Inspiration&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3m th\u00fac nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do vi\u1ebft&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i chung, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng: (1) T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; (2) C\u1ea3m th\u00fac tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u00fat; (3) T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh Kinh, (4) Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, sai l\u1ea7m trong n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh (&lt;em&gt;xem th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n &lt;\/em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;em&gt; (Bible)&lt;\/em&gt;). Ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m th\u00fac c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y: m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i, m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i, minh kh\u1ea3i (&lt;em&gt;reveal, revelation, disclosure,..&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inspiration\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inspiration\/\" >Inspiration<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Instantaneous Resurrection&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3ng L\u00fac&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ngay cho c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u00a0b\u1eb1ng x\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/instantaneous-resurrection\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/instantaneous-resurrection\/\" >Instantaneous Resurrection<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Institution, Words of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi Thi\u1ebft L\u1eadp Bi\u1ec3u T\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus khi ban ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh \u201c &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 Ta\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 huy\u1ebft Ta&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026\u201d T\u1eeb c\u00e2u tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn 3 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed: (1) Transubtitution (&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ebfn Th\u1ec3 Th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;), (2) Consubtitution (&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec3 Th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 (3) Symbolism (&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ec3u T\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;). (Xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean trong m\u1ee5c &lt;em&gt;The Lord\u2019s Supper&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/institution-words-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/institution-words-of\/\" >Institution, Words of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Institutional Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh H\u1ee3p Ph\u00e1p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xin t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ed9i quy v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c HT t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/institutional-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/institutional-church\/\" >Institutional Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Instrumentalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong lu\u1eadn l\u00ed tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hay khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang hay sai. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb do tri\u1ebft gia John Dewey (1859 \u2013 1952), d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/instrumentalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/instrumentalism\/\" >Instrumentalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Integralism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3 Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; -20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;\u00a0 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n v\u0169 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Benedict XV (1914) ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Sodalitium Pianum&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1921) v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/integralism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/integralism\/\" >Integralism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Integrity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eb3ng Th\u1eafn, Ngay Th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Lat. &lt;em&gt;integritas&lt;\/em&gt; \u201csonidness\u201d (ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n). Trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch (purity) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn (upright) m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u trong \u201c&lt;em&gt;Image of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (H\u00ecnh B\u00f3ng Ch\u00faa) (S\u00e1ng. 1:26-27). Trong lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n sinh. M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt;, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu (&lt;em&gt;Krit-t\u00f4 nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;) s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 suy \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/integrity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/integrity\/\" >Integrity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Intelligence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00f4ng Minh, Th\u00f4ng S\u00e1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u00f4ng minh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi kh\u00f4n ngoan. Th\u00f4ng minh do tr\u00ed n\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nhanh ch\u00f3ng mau l\u1eb9. Kh\u00f4n ngoan bao g\u1ed3m tr\u00ed n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p theo lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (Ch\u00e2m 1:7, 9:10). C\u1ea3 hai xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n Ng\u00e0i. &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Wisdom&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intelligence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intelligence\/\" >Intelligence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Intention&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 \u00dd, Ch\u1ee7 T\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 nh\u1eb1m nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, mong \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt theo quy t\u1eafc gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 chu to\u00e0n m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intention\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intention\/\" >Intention<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Intercession&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea7u Thay&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I, do Phao-l\u00f4, khi \u00f4ng khai m\u1edf nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi, \u00f4ng kh\u1ea9n n\u00e0i c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n (c\u1ea7u thay) cho nhau v\u00e0 cho \u00f4ng. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u thay. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u thay k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u00edch l\u1ee3i sau \u0111\u00e2y: (1) Kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, quan t\u00e2m cho nhau, (2) T\u0103ng th\u00eam ni\u1ec1m tin cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu, (3) Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u1eafng nghe s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u xin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, (4) H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa c\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u thay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intercession\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intercession\/\" >Intercession<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Intercession of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ea7u Thay c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;theo c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh R\u00f4-ma 8:34; H\u00eab-r\u01a1. 7:25, &lt;em&gt;\u201cNg\u00e0i \u1edf b\u00ean h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u thay cho anh em\u201d.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intercession-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intercession-of-christ\/\" >Intercession of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Intercession of the Saints&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ea7u Thay c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intercession-of-the-saints\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intercession-of-the-saints\/\" >Intercession of the Saints<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Intercession Work of the Holy Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c C\u1ea7u Thay c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;theo c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf R\u00f4-ma 8:26, 27&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intercession-work-of-the-holy-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intercession-work-of-the-holy-spirit\/\" >Intercession Work of the Holy Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Interdependence of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Ti\u1ec7m Ti\u1ebfn (&lt;em&gt;Process Theology&lt;\/em&gt;). S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interdependence-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interdependence-of-god\/\" >Interdependence of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Interdit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110o\u1ea1n Giao, C\u1ea5m \u0110o\u00e1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 nh\u1eb1m n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh L\u1ec5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i). Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 t\u1eeb D\u1ee9t Ph\u00e9p Hi\u1ec7p Th\u00f4ng (Excom-munication).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interdit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interdit\/\" >Interdit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Interfaith Dialogue&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed1i Tho\u1ea1i Li\u00ean K\u1ebft Ni\u1ec1m Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ra c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0ni\u1ec1m\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0tin \u00a0\u00a0cho \u00a0\u00a0t\u00edn \u00a0h\u1eefu; d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u201c&lt;em&gt;ch\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;ph\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interfaith-dialogue\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interfaith-dialogue\/\" >Interfaith Dialogue<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Interfaith Relation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan Li\u00ean K\u1ebft Ni\u1ec1m Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng ni\u1ec1m tin gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interfaith-relation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interfaith-relation\/\" >Interfaith Relation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Interfaith Worship&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Li\u00ean K\u1ebft Ni\u1ec1m Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung v\u1edbi nhau v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interfaith-worship\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interfaith-worship\/\" >Interfaith Worship<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Interim Ethic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Giao Th\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Johannes Weiss (1863 \u2013 1913) v\u00e0 Albert Schweitzer (1875 \u2013 1965) n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n C\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u0129nh N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi (Math. 5 \u2013 7, &lt;em&gt;B\u00e0i Gi\u1ea3ng Tr\u00ean N\u00fai&lt;\/em&gt;) m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri cho th\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u \u201c&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt V\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Math. 7:12; Luc. 6:31).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interim-ethic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interim-ethic\/\" >Interim Ethic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Internal Communion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u01b0\u01a1ng Giao N\u1ed9i Di\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/internal-communion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/internal-communion\/\" >Internal Communion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Internal Gronnds&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng N\u1ed9i Di\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/internal-gronnds\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/internal-gronnds\/\" >Internal Gronnds<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Internal Testimony (witness) of the Holy Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1ed9i Ch\u1ee9ng Nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh qua nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, hai l\u1ea7n Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng I, II trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/internal-testimony-witness-of-the-holy-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/internal-testimony-witness-of-the-holy-spirit\/\" >Internal Testimony (witness) of the Holy Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Interpretation of the Bible&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Gi\u1ea3i Kinh, Di\u1ec5n Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i kinh kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, do c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh qua c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc v\u0103n h\u1ecdc khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p cao nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi cao h\u01a1n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc song song v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh. S\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sau: &lt;em&gt;Observation&lt;\/em&gt; (quan s\u00e1t), &lt;em&gt;Comparation &lt;\/em&gt;(so s\u00e1nh), &lt;em&gt;Analyze&lt;\/em&gt; (ph\u00e2n t\u00edch), &lt;em&gt;Languistic&lt;\/em&gt; (ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u00ednh),&lt;em&gt; Exegesis &lt;\/em&gt;(di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i), &lt;em&gt;Selection&lt;\/em&gt; (ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a) v\u00e0&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Interpretation&lt;\/em&gt; (di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch), theo chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00edch t\u1ecf r\u1ea1ng danh Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u00fd Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interpretation-of-the-bible\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interpretation-of-the-bible\/\" >Interpretation of the Bible<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Interpretation of Tongues, Gift of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00f4ng Gi\u1ea3i Ti\u1ebfng L\u1ea1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 khi \u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1 trong v\u00f2ng Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o II. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Th\u00e1nh Linh gi\u00e1ng l\u00e2m,\u00a0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 (Act. 1-2, I Cor. 12:10, 30; 14:13; 26:28). T\u1eeb \u201cti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1\u201d (&lt;em&gt;speaking in tongues&lt;\/em&gt;) \u2013 \u201c&lt;em&gt;glossalalia&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch: (1) M\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn, (2) m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, ch\u1ec9 qua Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u. Phao-l\u00f4 khuy\u00ean n\u00f3i khi \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe). Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn nay. N\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby Th\u00e1nh Linh. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u1edf&lt;\/em&gt; Gal. 5; Eph. 3-4).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interpretation-of-tongues-gift-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/interpretation-of-tongues-gift-of\/\" >Interpretation of Tongues, Gift of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Intertestamental Period&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 Gi\u1eefa Hai Giao \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi gian 400 n\u0103m gi\u1eefa C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. C\u00e1c H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ma-la-chi (450 BC) m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 70 AD, khi \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Jerusalem b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 587 BC khi N\u01b0\u1edbc Nam Giu-\u0111a b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn 135 AD ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean t\u1ea3n l\u1ea1c kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intertestamental-period\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intertestamental-period\/\" >Intertestamental Period<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Intratextual (or Intra \u2013 linguistic)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi Gi\u1eefa B\u1ea3n V\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00e1c H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn th\u00eam v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00e2u Th\u00e1nh Kinh. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u1eddi x\u01b0a th\u00eam v\u00e0o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intratextual-or-intra-linguistic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intratextual-or-intra-linguistic\/\" >Intratextual (or Intra \u2013 linguistic)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Intuition&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u1ef1c Gi\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i 5 gi\u00e1c quan. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb khi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong \u201c&lt;em&gt;Image of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (B\u00f3ng \u1ea2nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi) (S\u00e1ng 1:26 \u2013 28) \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c quan b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intuition\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intuition\/\" >Intuition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Intuition Inspi-ration&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u1ef1c Gi\u00e1c Soi D\u1eabn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intuition-inspi-ration\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intuition-inspi-ration\/\" >Intuition Inspi-ration<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Intuitionism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u1ef1c Gi\u00e1c Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c trong gi\u1edbi huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tho\u00e1ng tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u nhi\u1ec7m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intuitionism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/intuitionism\/\" >Intuitionism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Investiture Controversy (1075 \u2013 1122)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tranh Lu\u1eadn Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi tranh lu\u1eadn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5, kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gregory VII v\u00e0 Vua Henry IV n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. S\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a N\u01b0\u1edbc Anh ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 cai qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. S\u1ef1 tranh c\u00e3i \u0111\u00f3 im l\u1eb7ng sau Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Concord of Woren (1192), t\u1ea1i Anh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/investiture-controversy-1075-1122\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/investiture-controversy-1075-1122\/\" >Investiture Controversy (1075 \u2013 1122)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Invincible Ignorance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i V\u00f4 T\u01b0 Ch\u1ee9ng Th\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 minh bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 hay v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i hay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/invincible-ignorance\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/invincible-ignorance\/\" >Invincible Ignorance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Invisible Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh V\u00f4 H\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Augustine (354 \u2013 430) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u1ecf (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3) c\u00f3 chung t\u00edn l\u00fd, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua Ch\u00faa Jesus, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tin k\u00ednh th\u1eadt v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hay h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c cai qu\u1ea3n hay qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng (catholic church) l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft hay c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh V\u00f4 H\u00ecnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u00f3i chung cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 HT trong danh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/invisible-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/invisible-church\/\" >Invisible Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Invocation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi K\u00eau G\u1ecdi, C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n M\u1edf \u0110\u1ea7u, Khai L\u1ec5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3\u00a0 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n khai l\u1ec5, c\u1ea7u Ch\u00faa ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. Ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;invocatio&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u201ca calling upon\u201d (l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o\/ \u0111\u1ebfn, k\u00eau c\u1ea7u ai ban \u01a1n).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/invocation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/invocation\/\" >Invocation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Invocation of the Blessed Virgin Mary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u1eb9 Mary \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/invocation-of-the-blessed-virgin-mary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/invocation-of-the-blessed-virgin-mary\/\" >Invocation of the Blessed Virgin Mary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Invocation of the Saints&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi Kh\u1ea9n Nguy\u1ec7n C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/invocation-of-the-saints\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/invocation-of-the-saints\/\" >Invocation of the Saints<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Inwardness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c, N\u1ed9i Th\u1ec3, N\u1ed9i T\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Soren Kierkegaard (1813 \u2013 1855) d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o th\u1eadt (con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt) ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c (t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1ch th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inwardness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/inwardness\/\" >Inwardness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Irenaean Theodicy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecb C\u1ee7a Irenaeus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt;, Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Irenaeus of Lyons (130 \u2013 200) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u gian \u00e1c, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u00f9ng \u1edf trong \u00fd mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c quan ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/irenaean-theodicy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/irenaean-theodicy\/\" >Irenaean Theodicy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Irenaeus (132AD \u2013 200AD)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Irenaeus&lt;\/strong&gt; (132AD \u2013 200AD)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Polycarp m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng. Irenaeus \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn trong kho t\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc. Hai lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. &lt;em&gt;The Demonstration (or Proof) of the Apostolic Preaching&lt;\/em&gt;, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Against Heresy&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00ed ch\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o l\u00ed duy tr\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;Gnosticism&lt;\/em&gt;) th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eadm trong gi\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u00edn l\u00ed, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o, \u2026 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gom g\u00f3p \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/irenaeus-132ad-200ad\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/irenaeus-132ad-200ad\/\" >Irenaeus (132AD \u2013 200AD)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Irish Articles (1615)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kh\u1eb3ng \u0110\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ec1m Tin c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Irish&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n bao g\u1ed3m 104 \u0110i\u1ec1u Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Irish c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Irish (\u00c1i Nhi Lan) bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u0103n b\u1ea3n Ni\u1ec1m Tin Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Irish c\u00f3 t\u00edn l\u00ed g\u1ea7m v\u1edbi (theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng) th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Calvin h\u01a1n l\u00e0 99 \u0110i\u1ec1u Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin c\u1ee7a Anh Gi\u00e1o (1563). N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1635, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf b\u1ea3n 99 \u0110i\u1ec1u Tin X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin c\u1ee7a Anh Gi\u00e1o. Sau n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 so\u1ea1n th\u00eam nh\u01b0 &lt;em&gt;The Westminster Confession of Faith. &lt;\/em&gt;B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o c\u1ee7a Anh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/irish-articles-1615\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/irish-articles-1615\/\" >Irish Articles (1615)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Irrationalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phi L\u00ed, Thi\u1ebfu L\u00f4-gic&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, phi l\u00ed, thi\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn l\u00ed. Trong hi\u1ec7n sinh thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi lu\u00e2n l\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/irrationalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/irrationalism\/\" >Irrationalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Irregularity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh B\u1ea5t Th\u00f4ng D\u1ee5ng, T\u00ednh B\u1ea5t Th\u01b0\u1eddng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt, quy ch\u1ebf ng\u0103n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 l\u1ed9c, b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/irregularity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/irregularity\/\" >Irregularity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Irresistible Grace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 Kh\u00e1ng, \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 Kh\u00e1ng C\u1ef1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 Kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n. N\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd Kinh Th\u00e1nh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh s\u1ebd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (Gi\u0103ng 6:37-40).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/irresistible-grace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/irresistible-grace\/\" >Irresistible Grace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Irresitable Giace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Kh\u00f4ng Ch\u1ed1i T\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;gratia irresistibilis&lt;\/em&gt;, n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, hay\u00a0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Calvin trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch r\u1eb1ng \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb, c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 1 trong 5 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Calvin g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;TULIP&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Synod of Dort \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh. Ng\u00e0y nay, kh\u1ed1i Tin L\u00e0nh\/ C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/irresitable-giace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/irresitable-giace\/\" >Irresitable Giace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Israel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u01b0\u1edbc It-ra-\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng -cho danh x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Do-th\u00e1i, T\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gia-c\u1ed1p l\u00e0 Israel (\u00cdt-ra-\u00ean) thay cho t\u1eeb c\u0169 Y-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean trong b\u1ea3n KT Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng VN (S\u00e1ng. 32:28; v\u00e0 49).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/israel\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/israel\/\" >Israel<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Itinerancy\/ Itinerant Prea-chers&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o L\u01b0u H\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Hoa K\u1ef3 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m s\u1edbm l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng II, t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng sang T\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110a s\u1ed1 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Methodish trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Anh. H\u1ecd d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/itinerancy-itinerant-prea-chers\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/itinerancy-itinerant-prea-chers\/\" >Itinerancy\/ Itinerant Prea-chers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-j mix\" data-filter-base=\"j\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">J<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;J&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ch\u1eef t\u1eaft J&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc 10 BC th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i (Israel) \u0111\u00e3 (c\u00f3) t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao c\u1ea5p (n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n ch\u00ednh quy \u0111\u00f3 mang g\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 J d\u00f9ng g\u1ecdi danh x\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Jehovah (ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 E v\u00e0 D, v\u00e0 P). Trong g\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 J n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i (Yahwish) \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cYahweh\u201d (or Jahweh) l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giu-da t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u1ec1 sau. \u2013 E c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c theo Elohist, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. - D theo Deuteronomist, Ph\u1ee5c Truy\u1ec1n Kinh Lu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 - P theo Priestly, c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf L\u1ec5. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft trong ngu\u1ed3n Pentateuch (Ng\u0169 Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n). (&lt;em&gt;Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u them&lt;\/em&gt;: YHWH - \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05b8\u05d4\u0599 (&lt;em&gt;ye-vah&lt;\/em&gt;) \u2013 \u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Yahweh&lt;\/em&gt; (Heb), l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Jahveh&lt;\/em&gt; (Catholic), &lt;em&gt;Jehovah&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0110\u1ee9c &amp; Anh). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Jehovah&lt;\/em&gt; d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh King James Version (&lt;em&gt;vi\u1ebft t\u1eafc l\u00e0 KJV&lt;\/em&gt;). Kinh Th\u00e1nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh n\u00f3i chung g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va&lt;\/em&gt;, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Yav\u00ea (&lt;em&gt;Gia-v\u00ea)&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y (&lt;em&gt;Gia-v\u00ea&lt;\/em&gt;) phi\u00ean \u00e2m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Adonai).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/j\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/j\/\" >J<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jacobites&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1i Jacob&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6 AD sau Ch\u00faa, \u00f4ng Jacob Baradaeus (c. 500 \u2013 578) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb hai b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u1eeba \u201cnh\u00e2n t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00e1nh\u201d. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Jacob, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Jacobites. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ni\u1ec1m tin sai n\u00e0y b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1eaft l\u1ecbm theo th\u1eddi gian. V\u1ec1 sau, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Jacobites&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t cho nh\u1eefng ai theo \u00f4ng &lt;em&gt;James&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;II&lt;\/em&gt; (Jacob Secumdus) trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o sau 1088, sau cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Anh khi B\u00e1 T\u01b0\u1edbc William v\u00e0 N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Mary l\u00ean ng\u00f4i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jacobites\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jacobites\/\" >Jacobites<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;JB&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Jerusalem, 1966&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Jerusalem Bible. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n in chung v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p 1966. B\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 2 in ri\u00eang b\u1eb1ng Anh V\u0103n 1985, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, t\u1eaft g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng di\u1ec5n \u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jb\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jb\/\" >JB<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jehovah&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u201c&lt;em&gt;thi\u1ebfu m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt; \u00a0&lt;em&gt;danh x\u01b0ng &lt;\/em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c\u201d, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. B\u1ea3n KT C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o c\u0169 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Yav\u00ea Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (NTT) b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee8C CH\u00daA l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. (&lt;em&gt;Xem ph\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt; chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf &lt;strong&gt;God&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jehovah\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jehovah\/\" >Jehovah<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9ng Nh\u00e2n Jehovah&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u00e2n ph\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c trong Tin L\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o, s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp b\u1edfi \u00f4ng Charles Taze Russell (1852 \u2013 1916). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi \u201c&lt;em&gt;Russellites&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Tam V\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3, thi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng Charles Taze Russell l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Congregation \u1edf Pittsburgh, PA, nh\u01b0ng khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean, \u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i 18 \u00f4ng theo h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u1edf Pittsburg, \u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u1edbp n\u00e0y l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh &lt;em&gt;Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses&lt;\/em&gt;. N\u0103m 1876, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m (m\u1ee5c s\u01b0) c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1879 \u00f4ng cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1edd b\u00e1o Zion Watch \u2013 Tower, ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Watchtower. \u00d4ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f2an &lt;em&gt;Zion\u2019s Watch Tower Tract Society&lt;\/em&gt;, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t huy gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 sau, \u00f4ng d\u1eddi B\u1ed9 Ch\u1ec9 Huy \u0111\u1ebfn Brooklin, New York (1884) v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;br \/&gt;\nL\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m. Sau khi Russell ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 6 t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a kinh th\u00e1nh \u2013 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Studies in the Scripture&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1904), \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 7 (1917) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n chia l\u00e0m 2 ph\u00e1i. (1) \u0110a s\u1ed1 theo \u00f4ng J.F. Rutherford, (2) C\u00f2n s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m \u201c&lt;em&gt;Dawn Bible Student\u2019s Association&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201c&lt;em&gt;Dawn&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d Magazine. Ri\u00eang ph\u00e1i theo \u00f4ng Rutherford th\u00ec ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi t\u00ean m\u1edbi \u201cJehovah\u2019s Witnesses\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u201cThe Watchtower\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1p Canh&lt;\/em&gt;). B\u00e1o n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean 64 tri\u1ec7u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;br \/&gt;\nD\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a quan to\u00e0 J.F. Rutherford, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i to\u00e0 \u00e1n ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi 1941, tuy c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1981, h\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 chia c\u00e1ch v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00edn l\u00ed. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00edn l\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a GS James Pentom. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. S\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;Let God be True&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh m\u1edbi do gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, \u201c&lt;em&gt;The New World Trauslation of the Scriptures&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Qua b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (\u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi) nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Hebrew v\u00e0 Greek. H\u1ecd so\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch ni\u1ec1m tin ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a theo b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Anh Ng\u1eef. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nay s\u1ed1 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi so\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u k\u00edn c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Hi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 3 tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Ri\u00eang \u1edf Africa b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u00f2n \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 quan h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jehovahs-witnesses\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jehovahs-witnesses\/\" >Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jerusalem Council&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111o\u1ea1n 15 c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecb h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i nh\u1eb1m hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng, t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3, v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m tin chung \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1o cho H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u1edf Jerusalem v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i trong v\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Sau n\u00e0y, cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Jerusalem Council, k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jerusalem-council\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jerusalem-council\/\" >Jerusalem Council<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jerusalem, New&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e0nh Je-ru-sa-lem M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem m\u1edbi \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi (Heb. 12:22) do Ch\u00faa Jesus th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 cai qu\u1ea3n (Kh\u1ea3i 3:12; 21:2). Th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00fac c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jerusalem-new\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jerusalem-new\/\" >Jerusalem, New<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jesuits (Society of Jesus)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7p \u0110o\u00e0n Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i mang t\u00ean Jesus, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp do Ignatiu Loyota (1492 \u2013 1556) ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1540. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng cao n\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u chung \u201c&lt;em&gt;V\u00ec Vinh Quang L\u1edbn Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (For the Greater Glory of God).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jesuits-society-of-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jesuits-society-of-jesus\/\" >Jesuits (Society of Jesus)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Heb. Yehoshua (&lt;em&gt;Yahweh is Salvation&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng m\u00e0 thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 b\u00e1o m\u1ed9ng cho Joseph v\u00e0 Mari, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho con trai m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Jesus (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00ea-su&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;NOT&lt;\/em&gt; Gi\u00ea-xu, v\u00ec v\u1ea7n \u201c&lt;em&gt;shu&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;s&lt;\/em&gt; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i &lt;em&gt;x, &lt;\/em&gt;nh\u01b0&lt;em&gt; Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea, Gi\u00f4-sia&lt;\/em&gt;) \u201c&lt;em&gt;l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u1ebd c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Mat.1:21-23).&lt;br \/&gt;\nQua kinh s\u1eed cho bi\u1ebft, &lt;em&gt;v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c&lt;\/em&gt;. Ch\u00faa Jesus ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng (Gi\u0103ng 1:1). Ng\u00e0i h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110CT h\u1ee9a, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Giao \u01af\u1edbc \u201c&lt;em&gt;Con Tr\u1eddi Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Ap-ram D\u00e2n t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 Do Th\u00e1i, v\u00e0 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (&lt;em&gt;Kinh C\u01af&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Tanakh&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0110CT nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u1ebd ra \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia (&lt;em&gt;Messiah&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u1ee9a ban cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ti\u00ean Tri \u00ca-sai ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, kho\u1ea3ng 700 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i, \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia s\u1ebd ra \u0111\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Em-ma-nu-\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;\u0110CT \u1edf c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00a0Ng\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cd\u00f2ng d\u00f5i\u201d m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1n h\u1ee9a khi A-dam ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i: \u201c\u2026&lt;em&gt;d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;) &lt;em&gt;s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea7u con r\u1eafn&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u00e1ng 3:15). Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u201c&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi Ph\u00e1n H\u1ee9a&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1ea7y, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi \u0110CT ch\u1ecdn \u00f4ng Ab-ram, l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai sinh ra n\u01b0\u1edbc Do Th\u00e1i. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0, \u0110\u1ee9c &lt;em&gt;Jesus&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng &lt;em&gt;Christ&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Nh\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i) hay kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y; ch\u00fang ta \u0111i v\u00e0o 3 \u0111i\u1ec3m:(1) Th\u00e1nh Kinh, (2) L\u1ecbch S\u1eed, v\u00e0 (3) S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;br \/&gt;\n(1) &lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Kinh, Danh X\u01b0ng&lt;\/em&gt;: T\u1eeb Christ l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;Messiah&lt;\/em&gt; (The King of Israel \u2013 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Tinh), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng ch\u1ecbu x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m Vua&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 Jesus, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean tri tr\u01b0\u1edbc 700 n\u0103m qua ti\u00ean tri \u00ca-sai 9:6 \u201c&lt;em&gt;V\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con tr\u1ebb sinh ra t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Con Trai ban cho ch\u00fang ta, quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb s\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean vai Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng, Cha \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa b\u00ecnh an&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Trong ngh\u0129a \u0111en Ch\u00faa Jesus &lt;em&gt;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Con Trai&lt;\/em&gt; (Con M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi) c\u0169ng l\u00e0: (1) l\u00e0 \u00a0&lt;strong&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;), &lt;\/strong&gt;(2&lt;strong&gt;) &lt;\/strong&gt;l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng&lt;\/strong&gt;, l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Cha \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi,&lt;em&gt; (Ch\u00faa Cha) &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;v\u00e0 l\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt; (3) &lt;strong&gt;Ch\u00faa b\u00ecnh an (&lt;\/strong&gt;ch\u00ednh &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Con \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;). Sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i. Ti\u00ean Tri Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2,8,23, 30,31,50) l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 &lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;, qua Con tr\u1ebb d\u00f2ng Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt, l\u00e0m Vua c\u1ee7a &lt;em&gt;D\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt;; r\u1ed3i Ti\u00ean Tri Mi-ch\u00ea (Ch.2,4,5), kho\u1ea3ng 400 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n sinh ra c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u00a0nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3.&lt;br \/&gt;\n(2) &lt;em&gt;V\u1ec1 L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;: Sau \u0111\u00f3, 400 n\u0103m thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 b\u00e1o tin cho c\u00e1c g\u00e3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng, cho Gi\u00f4-s\u00e9p v\u00e0 Ma-ri v\u1ec1 con tr\u1ebb sinh ra. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sinh, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00ec sao l\u1edbn d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ch\u00faa. S\u1eed li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i. Kinh Tanakh, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, ghi s\u1eed li\u1ec7u ti\u00ean tri; Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ghi s\u1eed\u00a0 li\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m. L\u1ecbch S\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ghi r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ngo\u00e0i Mari \u2013 Joseph, c\u00f2n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u00e0 con \u00ca-li-sa-bet, th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 Si-m\u00ea-\u00f4n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 qua \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ngo\u00e0i TK s\u1eed, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 S\u1eed La-m\u00e3 c\u0169ng ghi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 Phi-l\u00e1t quan t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed gia Phi-l\u00f4 (g\u1ed1c Do Th\u00e1i \u1edf Rome) trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 70-90AD.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n(3) &lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e2n Ch\u1ee9ng S\u1ed1ng:&lt;\/em&gt; L\u00e0 12 s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i khi l\u00ean tr\u1eddi. \u0110a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i trong th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn &lt;em&gt;Jesus is the Christ&lt;\/em&gt; (Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3n tin m\u1eebng n\u00e0y ra \u2013 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa (Chris-tianity) \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 2.2 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ng\u00e0i (th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea 2012). Nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u2026trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n, m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026 s\u1ebd tung h\u00f4 \u2026 S\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u2026 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Chi\u00ean Con.\u201d(Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 7:9-10).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;\/em&gt;V\u1edbi 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean, qua ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 ai - Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u00a0Con \u0110CT - l\u00e0 \u00a0\u0110CT th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00f2ng tin.\u00a0 Sau \u0111\u00e2y Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi&lt;em&gt;:&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;\n- &lt;strong&gt;T\u1eeb Jesus&lt;\/strong&gt; \u2013 l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su (&lt;em&gt;Jaweh saved&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;br \/&gt;\n- &lt;strong&gt;T\u1eeb Messiah&lt;\/strong&gt; \u2013 l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Tinh\/\/ C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt; - l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Vua D\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d.&lt;br \/&gt;\n- &lt;strong&gt;T\u1eeb Christ&lt;\/strong&gt; \u2013 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p d\u1ecbch ra t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m Vua.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nV\u1eady trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb th\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho danh x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su &lt;\/em&gt;hay&lt;em&gt; Gi\u00ea-su Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt; (Jesus Christ or Christ Jesus).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jesus\/\" >Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jesus Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(C\u00f4ng 3:15; 13:30; Math. 16:18; Gi\u0103ng 1:17). (&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Christ&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jesus-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jesus-christ\/\" >Jesus Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jesus Movement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o tr\u1ebb theo s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60\u2019s, 70\u2019s.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jesus-movement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jesus-movement\/\" >Jesus Movement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jesus Seminar&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Lu\u1eadn Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;h\u1ed9i lu\u1eadn do nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 (1980\u2019s) m\u00f4n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed - c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i\u2026 R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, h\u1ecd \u0111i xa ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jesus-seminar\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jesus-seminar\/\" >Jesus Seminar<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jewish belivevers&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng T\u00edn H\u1eefu Do-Th\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng ai thu\u1ed9c g\u1ed1c Do-Th\u00e1i tin theo \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Messiahnic Jesus Church.&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jewish-belivevers\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jewish-belivevers\/\" >Jewish belivevers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jewish Christianity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o Do Th\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do- Th\u00e1i theo Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c Sy-na-gog (nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus m\u00e0 Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 rao gi\u1ea3ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jewish-christianity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jewish-christianity\/\" >Jewish Christianity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jnstification&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u00ean C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Hyl. &lt;em&gt;dikai\u00f3&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tha t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. T\u1eeb l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o tuy\u00ean c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tha t\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 n\u00ean th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng (Rom. 3:24-26; 4:25; 5:16-21). S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 qua c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng R\u00f4-ma, \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4, Ga-la-ti, t\u00edn l\u00ed tuy\u00ean c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i tin ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong s\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vui m\u1eebng, b\u00ecnh an, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i (II Cor. 5:19; Rom. 4:6-9; 14:10-12; Gal. 4:4tt; Eph.1:13tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jnstification\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jnstification\/\" >Jnstification<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;John the Baptist&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.\u00a0 Theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u00f4ng con c\u1ee7a Xa-cha-ri v\u00e0 \u00ca-li-xa-bet l\u00e0 anh em (c\u00f4 c\u1eadu) v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Jesus. \u00d4ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng (Lu-ca 1:35-45). Theo Th\u00e1nh Kinh th\u00ec Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi &lt;strong&gt;Essence&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Tinh Khi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn Cu\u1ed9n Kinh Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft (1947) (&lt;em&gt;Dead Sea Scoll&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng l\u00e0m ti\u00ean tri \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u201c&lt;em&gt;N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (E-sai 40:3-5).\u00a0 Trong ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00f4ng\u00a0 (1) Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u Ch\u00faa cho d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean; sau \u0111\u00f3, trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, (2) l\u00e0m L\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem cho Ch\u00faa Jesus b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i s\u00f4ng Gi\u00f4-danh. Sau khi l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ganh gh\u00e9t th\u00f9 h\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a vua Herot Antipas, v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o vua c\u00f3 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n phi ph\u00e1p (Math. 14:1-12). S\u1eed gia Phi-l\u00f4 Josephus c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng. (S\u1eed gia Josephus l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Do Th\u00e1i, \u1edf Rome, sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbc Do Th\u00e1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i, 70 AD).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/john-the-baptist-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/john-the-baptist-2\/\" >John the Baptist<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;John, the Baptist&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i &lt;em&gt;Essence&lt;\/em&gt; (tinh tu\u00fd) kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i. v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u00e0 con v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa\u00a0 Gi\u00ea-su (Lu 1: 39tt), cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ecb vua H\u00ea-r\u1ed1t An-ti-pa, b\u1eaft b\u1ecf t\u00f9 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u (Ma-thi-\u01a1 14:3-12). C\u00f3 6 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u01a1i Gi\u0103ng: (1) L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110CT s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d cho Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. (Ma-thi-\u01a1\u00a0 3:1tt),. (2) Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00ean tri sau \u201c&lt;em&gt;400 n\u0103m y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. (3) Ph\u00e9p B\u00e1p-tem m\u00e0 Gi\u0103ng l\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e9p B\u00e1p-tem \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Ma-thi-\u01a1 3:1-3). (4) Ch\u00ednh Gi\u0103ng Baptist gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u201cCh\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Chi\u00ean Con c\u1ee7a \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;, \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u1ea5t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i th\u1ebf gian.\u201d (5) Ch\u00ednh Gi\u0103ng c\u0169ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u: \u201cCh\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111em \u2018&lt;em&gt;N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u2019 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n\u201d nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (Mathi-\u01a1 3:2). (6) Ch\u00ednh Gi\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u201c&lt;em&gt;l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; cho Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/john-the-baptist\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/john-the-baptist\/\" >John, the Baptist<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;John, Theology of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Gi\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: I, II, III Gi\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, John (Gi\u0103ng) l\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3, em c\u1ee7a Gia-c\u01a1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa g\u1ecdi c\u1ea3 hai theo Ng\u00e0i, l\u00fac \u0111ang v\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1edbi cha m\u00ecnh, X\u00ea-b\u00ea-\u0111\u00ea (Ma-thi-\u01a1 4:21). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00faa y\u00eau,\u201d v\u00e0 trong bu\u1ed5i ti\u1ec7c cu\u1ed1i, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e3 v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su (Gi\u0103 13:23-25).\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng: - C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;Christology)&lt;\/em&gt;, Jesus (&lt;em&gt;Logos)&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ebf (Gi\u0103ng 1); - \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Cha; - \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, Ng\u00f4i Ba, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cha ban, Th\u1ea7n L\u1ebd Th\u1eadt; Ph\u00e9p L\u1ea1 l\u00e0 D\u1ea5u Ch\u1ee9ng (Signs); - T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau Th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (I, II, III Gi\u0103ng); - S\u1ef1 Tr\u1edf L\u1ea1i Ch\u1eafc Ch\u1eafn, - N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng Tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem M\u1edbi, v\u00e0 - Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5t M\u1edbi (Gi\u0103ng 17; Kh\u1ea3i 21:22).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/john-theology-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/john-theology-of\/\" >John, Theology of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Joyful Myteries, The Five&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u0103m Huy\u1ec1n B\u00ed H\u1ea1nh Ph\u00fac&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eb1m mang s\u1ef1 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n: Ca T\u1ee5ng S\u1ef1 Th\u0103ng Thi\u00ean B\u00e0 Mari, - Cu\u1ed9c Th\u0103m Vi\u1ebfng Mari - Elizabeth, - C\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1ng Sinh, - S\u1ef1 Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u Jesus Trong \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd v\u00e0 - T\u00ecm Bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus Trong \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/joyful-myteries-the-five\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/joyful-myteries-the-five\/\" >Joyful Myteries, The Five<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jubilate&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt H\u00e2n H\u1ec9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt sau Ph\u1ee5c Sinh sau th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0, nay tr\u1edf n\u00ean vui m\u1eebng theo c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf Thi Thi\u00ean 100: \u201c&lt;em&gt;H\u00e3y c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng ca t\u1ee5ng h\u00e2n hoan Cha&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jubilate\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jubilate\/\" >Jubilate<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jubilee&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u0103m H\u00e2n H\u1ec9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ghi l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi d\u1ea1y d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh n\u0103m th\u1ee9 50 l\u00e0m N\u0103m H\u00e2n H\u1ec9. V\u00e0o n\u0103m n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ban \u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Lev. 25:8-55; 27:17-21; D\u00e2n 26:4). Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean c\u0169ng t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus \u1edf Na-xa-ret (Lu-ca 4:19).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jubilee\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jubilee\/\" >Jubilee<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jubilee, Year of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh, N\u0103m H\u00e2n H\u1ec9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb n\u0103m H\u00e2n H\u1ec9 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u2013 l\u00e0 N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh (Holy Year). Trong n\u0103m n\u00e0y Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u00e2n x\u00e1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u1ebfn Roma h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jubilee-year-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jubilee-year-of\/\" >Jubilee, Year of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Judaism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Do Th\u00e1i \u2013 Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ti\u1ebfng Hyl.&lt;em&gt; Ioudaismos &lt;\/em&gt;\u2013 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau khi h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb Ba-by-l\u00f4n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Mac-ca-bee \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay (C\u00f4ng 13:43; Gal. 1:13-14; II Mac. 2:21).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/judaism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/judaism\/\" >Judaism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Judaizers&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giu-\u0111a Th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Do-th\u00e1i, trong th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus. T\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n (monotheism) bao g\u1ed3m: Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng, B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7, v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 nghi theo M\u00f4i-se v\u00e0 theo c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7y Pha-ri-si. Ng\u00e0y nay &lt;em&gt;Judaizing Movements&lt;\/em&gt; (Phong Tr\u00e0o H\u00f2a Hi\u1ec7p Do Th\u00e1i), trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Chris-tianity) trong tinh th\u1ea7n h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 chung ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1edd \u0111\u00f3n ng\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (M\u00e9t-sia).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/judaizers\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/judaizers\/\" >Judaizers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Judeo \u2013 Christian Tradi-tion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng C\u1ee7a Do Th\u00e1i - C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ni\u1ec1m tin h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa (Christian, Tin L\u00e0nh) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n chung c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/judeo-christian-tradi-tion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/judeo-christian-tradi-tion\/\" >Judeo \u2013 Christian Tradi-tion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Judgment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 \u0110o\u00e1n Ph\u1ea1t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 to\u00e0n th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t tr\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc (Rom. 2:5-13; I Cor. 3:11-15).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/judgment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/judgment\/\" >Judgment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Judgment Seat&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00f4i Ph\u00e1n X\u00e9t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 t\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi khi Ng\u00e0i x\u00e9t x\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/judgment-seat\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/judgment-seat\/\" >Judgment Seat<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jurisdictional Conference&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i United M\u00ea-th\u00f4-dit (Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m l\u00ed), n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (UMC).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jurisdictional-conference\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jurisdictional-conference\/\" >Jurisdictional Conference<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Jusfication by Grace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u00ean C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh B\u1edfi \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u0169ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1edfi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai tin theo Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i (\u00caph. 2:8-9). V\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jusfication-by-grace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/jusfication-by-grace\/\" >Jusfication by Grace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Just Wage&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1 C\u00f4ng X\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb do ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong th\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Leo XIII (1878 \u2013 1930) trong b\u1ea3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Rerum Novarum&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1891), v\u00e0 th\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i John Paul (1978) trong b\u1ea3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Laborem Exercens&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1981).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/just-wage\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/just-wage\/\" >Just Wage<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Just War Theory&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00fd Thuy\u1ebft C\u00f4ng L\u00ed Chi\u1ebfn Tranh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f4n Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc (Moral &amp; Ethical Class) trong c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Tin L\u00e0nh, nh\u1eb1m h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tranh chi\u1ebfn (ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 gian \u00e1c) v\u1eabn c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o cho nh\u1eefng ai trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t x\u1eed r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, thi\u1ebfu x\u00f3t.\u00a0 Ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00ec \u201cS\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng L\u00ed\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u00e1p b\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng hay kh\u00f4ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/just-war-theory\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/just-war-theory\/\" >Just War Theory<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Justice&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng L\u00ed, C\u00f4ng B\u1eb1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/justice\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/justice\/\" >Justice<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Justice, Distributive&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u1ed3i D\u1eafp C\u00f4ng L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/justice-distributive\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/justice-distributive\/\" >Justice, Distributive<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Justice, Retributive&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e1i B\u1ed3i \u0110\u1eafp C\u00f4ng L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/justice-retributive\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/justice-retributive\/\" >Justice, Retributive<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Justice, Society&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng L\u00ed X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i, X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng B\u1eb1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/justice-society\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/justice-society\/\" >Justice, Society<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Justification by Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u00ean C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh B\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, Tin L\u00e0nh) do Luther Martin (1480 \u2013 1546) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 th\u00f4i \u2013 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m g\u00ec (Eph. 2:8-9; Rom. 1:17; 3:28; 5:1). C\u0169ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 nghi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua \u0111\u1ee9c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/justification-by-faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/justification-by-faith\/\" >Justification by Faith<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-k mix\" data-filter-base=\"k\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">K<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Kahler, Martin (1835 \u2013 1912)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Kahler Martin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, sinh \u1edf g\u1ea7n Konigsberg, East Prussia, con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 theo h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Heidelberg, Tubingen v\u00e0 \u0110H Halle. V\u1ec1 sau \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (&lt;em&gt;systematic theology&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Halle. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi Rothe, Tholuck, Muller, Beck v\u00e0 Von Hofman. Kahler \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ng\u1eef. V\u00e0i s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra Anh Ng\u1eef. \u00d4ng tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng Jesus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 Christ m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 tuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng (&lt;em&gt;Kerygma&lt;\/em&gt;) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Jesus of History v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd c\u1ee7a hai dang x\u01b0ng tr\u00ean. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin cho H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia J. Weiss, A. Schweitzer and R. Bultman v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kahler-martin-1835-1912\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kahler-martin-1835-1912\/\" >Kahler, Martin (1835 \u2013 1912)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Kairos&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eddi Gian, Th\u00ec Gi\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p (&lt;em&gt;kaipos&lt;\/em&gt;), \u00fd n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 th\u00ec gi\u1edd, th\u1eddi gian. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (Mac 1:15; Rom. 3:26; I Phier\u01a1 1:10 tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kairos\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kairos\/\" >Kairos<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Kairos Document (1985)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean do c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf S. Africa (Sep. 25. 1985) trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n (v\u00ec th\u1edd h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi da m\u00e0u.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kairos-document-1985\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kairos-document-1985\/\" >Kairos Document (1985)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Kant, Immanuel (1724 \u2013 1804)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft Gia v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Immanuel Kant&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Immanuel Kant sinh \u1edf Konigsberg, East Prussia (c\u00f9ng t\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi M. Kahler), n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i \u00a0H\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u00a0\u00a0n\u0103m\u00a0\u00a0 1755 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1784, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u201c&lt;em&gt;What\u2019s&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Enlighten-ment?&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0, khi m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c Gia b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed c\u1ee7a Kant ca t\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn l\u00ed n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang Anh Ng\u1eef l\u00e0, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Critique of the Pure Reason&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1781), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Critique of Pratical Reason&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1788) v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Critique of Judgment&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1790).&lt;br \/&gt;\nNgo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1785), v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1793). Nh\u00ecn chung, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Kant bao h\u00e0m v\u1eeba lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u1eeba th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Anh, qua s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng minh t\u1ecf cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed, \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong m\u1ecdi sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0ng son c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi B\u1eebng S\u00e1ng &lt;em&gt;(Age of Enghlightenment)&lt;\/em&gt; m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kant-immanuel-1724-1804\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kant-immanuel-1724-1804\/\" >Kant, Immanuel (1724 \u2013 1804)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Kantianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft Thuy\u1ebft\/\/ L\u00ed &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kant&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kantianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kantianism\/\" >Kantianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Kenosis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ea1 M\u00ecnh Th\u1ea5p Nh\u1ea5t, L\u00e0m Cho Th\u1ea5p H\u00e8n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Kenosis&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh t\u1ed9t b\u1eadc, th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua Jesus Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Phil. 2:5-11). Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00f4i t\u1edb, ch\u1ecbu v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t huy t\u00edn l\u00ed tr\u00ean r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc qua &lt;em&gt;Kenotic Theology&lt;\/em&gt; thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, qua th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther Gottfied Thomasius (1802 \u2013 1875), sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Charles Gore qua s\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Incarnation of&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;the Son of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1891); ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, P.T. Forsyth \u201c&lt;em&gt;Person and Place of Jesus Christ&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1909), A.E. Garvie \u201c&lt;em&gt;Studies in the Inner Life of Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1907). V\u1ec1 sau, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Mackintosl, R. Bultman (\u0110\u1ee9c), J. Knox (Anh), R. H. Fuller (M\u1ef9)b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gay g\u1eaft nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t th\u00e2m thu\u00fd trong m\u1ee5c Christology (&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u00edn l\u00ed &lt;em&gt;Kenosis&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 t\u00edn l\u00ed then ch\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i l\u00ean b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Cao Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00faa, Vua c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua v\u00e0 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kenosis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kenosis\/\" >Kenosis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Kenotic Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Tri\u1ec7t Ng\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kenotic-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kenotic-theology\/\" >Kenotic Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Keryma&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ea3ng, Tuy\u00ean Gi\u1ea3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;keryma&lt;\/em&gt; (proclamation), l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, rao gi\u1ea3ng, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tin m\u1eebng nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (Rom. 16:25; I Cor. 1:21; 2:24). Trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u1eeb cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Kerymatic Christ&lt;\/em&gt;, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt; (Jesus of History) v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Christ c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Tin &lt;\/em&gt;(Christ of Faith).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/keryma\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/keryma\/\" >Keryma<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Kerymatic Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Tuy\u00ean Gi\u1ea3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc R. Bultman (1884 \u2013- 1976) bi\u1ec7n minh cho Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (&lt;em&gt;Jesus is Christ&lt;\/em&gt;). (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c:&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Jesus Christ &lt;\/strong&gt;v\u00e0&lt;strong&gt; R. Bultman&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kerymatic-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kerymatic-theology\/\" >Kerymatic Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Keswick Movement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh H\u00f3a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf Anh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh \u1edf Anh v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft cho Ch\u00faa. Nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi (trong tr\u1ea1i t\u1ea1m) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra \u1edf Keswick, Anh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Keswick tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft theo Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d V\u1ec1 sau, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t sinh ra c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Keswick (Keswick Convention), \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1875, do c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Moody \u2013 Sanke, Asa Mahan, W.E. Broadman v\u00e0 OB. Robert P. Smith \u2013 v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u201cAll is One in Jesus Christ\u201d (&lt;em&gt;T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3 L\u00e0 M\u1ed9t Trong Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u1ec1 sau, nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3, m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y t\u1eeb Anh, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: D. B. Barnhouse, F.B. Meyer, H.C.G. Moule, Andrew Murray, John Stott, Hudson Taylor v\u00e0 R.A. Torrey. Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u00e2m vang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/keswick-movement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/keswick-movement\/\" >Keswick Movement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ketubim&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u0103n Th\u1ec3, Th\u00e1nh Th\u01b0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1. &lt;em&gt;kentubim&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Hagiographa&lt;\/em&gt; (Sacred Writings). L\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 ba trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc (Hebrew Scriptures), bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 Thi Thi\u00ean, Gi\u00f3p, Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n, Ru-t\u01a1, Nh\u00e3-Ca, Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o, Ca Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110a-ni-\u00ean, \u00ca-x\u01a1-t\u00ea, E-x\u01a1-ra, N\u00ea-h\u00ea-mi v\u00e0 S\u1eed K\u00fd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ketubim\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ketubim\/\" >Ketubim<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Keys of the Kingdom&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00eca Kho\u00e1 Thi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 khi Phi-e-r\u01a1 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng (\u1edf Math. 16:19). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7y th\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e2u tr\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh, cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 (m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 u\u1ef7 th\u00e1c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m linh cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang cho S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 (Math. 18:18).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/keys-of-the-kingdom\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/keys-of-the-kingdom\/\" >Keys of the Kingdom<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Keys, Power of the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00eca Kh\u00f3a Quy\u1ec1n N\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;Keys of the Kingdom&lt;\/strong&gt; (Ch\u00eca Kho\u00e1 Thi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c), l\u00e0 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 khi Phi-e-r\u01a1 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng (\u1edf Math. 16:19). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7y th\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e2u tr\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh, cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 (m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 u\u1ef7 th\u00e1c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m linh cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang cho S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 (Math. 18:18).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/keys-power-of-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/keys-power-of-the\/\" >Keys, Power of the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Kierkegard, Soren (1813 \u2013 1855)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Soren Kierkegard&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00ed hi\u1ec7n sinh Krit-t\u00f4 Nh\u00e2n. \u00d4ng sinh ra \u1edf Copenhagen (Denmark) \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng di s\u1ea3n gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a cha, \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 10 n\u0103m \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Copenhagen nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng mang \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n v\u0103n th\u01a1, m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00ednh h\u00f4n v\u1edbi c\u00f4 Regin v\u00e0 tan v\u1ee1. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin Abraham d\u00e1m d\u00e2ng I-s\u00e1c choCh\u00faa.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Tdg. Soren Kierkegard \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 chia ra l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i: (1) Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc, (2) Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt, (3) Bi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ecdc; (4) Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc, (5) C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Either \u2013 Or&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1843), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Fear and Trembling&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1843), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Philosophical Fragments&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1844). The \u201c&lt;em&gt;Concept of Dread&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1844), v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Concluding Unscientific of Postscript to the Philosophical Fragments&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1846). V\u1ec1 sau, sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng lao, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2. \u00d4ng bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i minh t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Works of Love&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1842); \u201c&lt;em&gt;Christian Discourses&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1848) v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Training in&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Christianity&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1850). Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u201c&lt;em&gt;H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u00ed T\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u1eadn\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (System Idealism) c\u1ee7a G.W.E. Hegel. \u00d4ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (C\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?). \u00d4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ee9c tin t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Leap of Faith&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d Ngo\u00e0i suy lu\u1eadn, l\u00ed lu\u1eadn trong su\u1ed1t\u00a0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a S. K\u1ec9erkegard th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc Denmark, nh\u01b0ng sau khi qua \u0111\u1eddi (1854), t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng lan r\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kierkegard-soren-1813-1855\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kierkegard-soren-1813-1855\/\" >Kierkegard, Soren (1813 \u2013 1855)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;King James Version (KJV, 1611)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;KJV, 1611&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1611, do vua James c\u1ee7a Anh tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3, sau 2 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Wycliff Bible (1384) v\u00e0 Tyndale Bible (1525), xong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a xong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh KJV c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7y uy t\u00edn cho nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong HT ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb TK c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/king-james-version-kjv-1611\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/king-james-version-kjv-1611\/\" >King James Version (KJV, 1611)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;King, Christ as&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ L\u00e0 Vua&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ra t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latin: &lt;em&gt;Rex&lt;\/em&gt; (vua). Theo th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 &lt;em&gt;Rex &lt;\/em&gt;- King, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia (c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf) \u2013 v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi La-m\u00e3). Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Vua tr\u00ean mu\u00f4n Vua l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean mu\u00f4n Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Kh\u1ea3i. 19:16) trong ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Nh\u01b0ng ngay v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 Vua d\u00e2n Ju-dah (Gi\u0103ng 19:19). T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u201c&lt;em&gt;L\u00e0m Vua&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus m\u1edbi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u2013 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Vua c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01a1i trong TK g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m Vua c\u1ee7a &lt;strong&gt;Kingdom of Christ (&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;xem&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Kingdom of God&lt;\/strong&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Kingdom of Heaven).&lt;\/strong&gt; N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, trong ch\u1ee7 \u00fd l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (Jesus Christ) l\u00e0 Vua trong c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f5i v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/king-christ-as\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/king-christ-as\/\" >King, Christ as<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Kingdom of God (Kingdom of Heaven)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00f4i N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Jesus nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 2 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 (1) \u0111em t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 (2) x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. \u00dd kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, (1) l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng m\u1ed7i Cr\u00edt-nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i\/ ng\u00f4i Ch\u00faa ng\u1ef1 khi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 (2) khi s\u1ed1ng chung trong HT, th\u00ec c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Vua t\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi. Suy cho k\u1ef9, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 HT Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. (&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;God, Kingdom of&lt;\/strong&gt; s\u1ebd r\u00f5 h\u01a1n).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kingdom-of-god-kingdom-of-heaven\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kingdom-of-god-kingdom-of-heaven\/\" >Kingdom of God (Kingdom of Heaven)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Know (\u05d9\u05b8\u05d3\u05b7\u0596\u05e2 yada)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ebft, Hi\u1ec3u Bi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t th\u00e2m thu\u00fd trong n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin theo Ch\u00faa. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;bi\u1ebft&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec nhi\u00ean h\u1eadu, t\u1eeb x\u01b0a t\u1edbi nay, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong lu\u1eadn l\u00ed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. &lt;strong&gt;Bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(Knowing about God&lt;\/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;Know about God&lt;\/em&gt; Ch\u00faa), v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Knowing God&lt;\/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;Know God&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh 2 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Knowing about God&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;, l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0: - bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa qua vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, - bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa qua s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, do ai \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i (ngo\u00e0i KT), - bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa qua l\u00ed lu\u1eadn, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c; v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng qua Th\u00e1nh Linh soi d\u1eabn. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Knowing God&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;, &lt;\/em&gt;l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa: - qua \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh soi d\u1eabn, - Bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa do ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb, - Bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, - Bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y, - Bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 qua nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn, Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e1p l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, Ch\u00faa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u kh\u1ecfi ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, Ch\u00faa nghe th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng\u2026)&lt;\/em&gt;. v\u00e0 \u2013 Bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa b\u1edfi t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa s\u00e2u x\u1eafc trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n:&lt;br \/&gt;\n(1) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt; v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa: L\u00e0m sao bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0 Ti\u00ean Tri \u00ca-sai \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va ph\u00e1n: \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng &lt;strong&gt;Ta&lt;\/strong&gt; ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i &lt;strong&gt;\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/strong&gt; c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i &lt;strong&gt;\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i Ta&lt;\/strong&gt;.\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchristian.com\/kinhthanh\/forward.asp?btt\/22\/55:9&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0V\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1eebng &lt;strong&gt;tr\u1eddi cao&lt;\/strong&gt; h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea5t bao nhi\u00eau, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i &lt;strong&gt;Ta&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;cao h\u01a1n&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, &lt;strong&gt;\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Ta&lt;\/strong&gt; cao h\u01a1n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u0169ng b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau\u201d(\u00ca-sai\u00a055:8-9).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. N\u00f4-\u00ea bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa khi Ch\u00faa b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u,.. Ab-ram bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa khi Ch\u00faa b\u1ea3o \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi x\u1ee9 Cha-ran,.. M\u00f4i-se bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i b\u1ee5i gai ch\u00e1y,.. \u0110a-v\u00edt bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa khi sai \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh G\u00f4-li-\u00e1t,.. \u00ca-sai bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa khi th\u1ea5y vinh quang Ng\u00e0i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd\u2026 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb cho bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa qua c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh tr\u00ean \u1edf \u00ca-sai 55. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa, khi Ch\u00faa cho trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00e0, Ch\u00faa bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 ban ng\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb trong t\u00e2m t\u01b0, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0110CT khen ng\u1ee3i, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o vua \u0110a-v\u00edt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c\u2026&lt;em&gt;theo l\u00f2ng Ta v\u00e0 \u00fd Ta\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (I Sam 2:35, 13:14). Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn: \u201c&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchristian.com\/kinhthanh\/forward.asp?btt\/18\/139:1&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0H\u1ee1i \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f2 x\u00e9t t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;bi\u1ebft&lt;\/strong&gt; t\u00f4i.\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchristian.com\/kinhthanh\/forward.asp?btt\/18\/139:2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;2&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0Ch\u00faa &lt;strong&gt;bi\u1ebft&lt;\/strong&gt; khi t\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i, l\u00fac t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady; T\u1eeb xa Ch\u00faa &lt;strong&gt;hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft&lt;\/strong&gt; \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4i.\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchristian.com\/kinhthanh\/forward.asp?btt\/18\/139:3&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0Ch\u00faa x\u00e9t n\u00e9t n\u1ebbo \u0111\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m ng\u1ee7 t\u00f4i, Quen &lt;strong&gt;bi\u1ebft&lt;\/strong&gt; c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i t\u00f4i\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Thi 139: 1-4).\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u00ed v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa th\u00f4i. S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1t l\u00ean:&lt;em&gt;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cNg\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta xem nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1ch m\u1eadp m\u1edd: \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y hai m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i nhau; ng\u00e0y nay t\u00f4i &lt;strong&gt;bi\u1ebft&lt;\/strong&gt; ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft: \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i s\u1ebd &lt;strong&gt;bi\u1ebft&lt;\/strong&gt; nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 &lt;strong&gt;bi\u1ebft&lt;\/strong&gt; t\u00f4i v\u1eady&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (I C\u00f4r 13:12).&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;\n(2) T\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Yada&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;, &lt;\/em&gt;c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;\u201c&lt;em&gt;hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/strong&gt; nh\u01b0 trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, \u0103n \u1edf, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i sinh con \u0111\u1ebb c\u00e1i, n\u1ed1i d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;\u201cbi\u1ebft\u201d&lt;\/strong&gt; n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch trong b\u1ea3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0103n \u1edf\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u1edbi nhau (2 b\u1ea3n Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng &amp; C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o). Xem c\u00e2u kinh \u1edf S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 4 c\u00e2u 1: \u201c&lt;em&gt;A-dam &lt;strong&gt;\u0103n \u1edf&lt;\/strong&gt; v\u1edbi \u00ca-va, v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh sinh ra Ca-in&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d\u2026 r\u1ed3i khi A-b\u00ean b\u1ecb Ca-in gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, KT l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, c\u00e2u 17:&lt;em&gt; \u201c\u0110o\u1ea1n, Ca-in &lt;strong&gt;\u0103n \u1edf&lt;\/strong&gt; c\u00f9ng v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh, n\u00e0ng th\u1ecd thai v\u00e0 sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u00ea-n\u00f3c; Ca-in x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 H\u00ea-n\u00f3c, t\u00f9y theo t\u00ean con trai m\u00ecnh.\u201d&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ebfn c\u00e2u 25: \u201c&lt;em&gt;A-dam c\u00f2n &lt;strong&gt;\u0103n \u1edf &lt;\/strong&gt;v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh \u0111u\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t con trai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh l\u00e0 S\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (th\u1ebf cho A-b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft).\u00a0 C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, l\u00fac \u00can-ca-na &lt;strong&gt;\u0103n \u1edf&lt;\/strong&gt; v\u1edbi b\u00e0 An-ne, sinh ra Sa-mu-\u00ean (S\u00e1ch Sa-mu-\u00ean 1: 19). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 4 l\u1ea7n\u2026 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;yada&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;bi\u1ebft&lt;\/strong&gt;) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0103n \u1edf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; r\u1ed3i sinh con. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c 4 l\u1ea7n, KT d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;bi\u1ebft,&lt;\/em&gt; know, \u0103n \u1edf\u201d&lt;\/strong&gt; m\u00e0 sinh con. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;bi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 th\u00e2m thu\u00fd. V\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft ch\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ai bi\u1ebft v\u1ee3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh. \u201cBi\u1ebft\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng, l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea5u di\u1ebfm. \u00a0D\u1ea7u v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft nhau c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf\u2026 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110CT v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft, trong KT c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u201cth\u1ea5y\u201d c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u00e2m thu\u00fd nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u201cbi\u1ebft\u201d. &lt;em&gt;Xin xem&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1eeb \u201cth\u1ea5y, &lt;em&gt;Jire&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d r\u1ed3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u00eam. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u nhi\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft. (&lt;em&gt;Mong r\u1eb1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai v\u1ed7 ng\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3,.. t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cbi\u1ebft h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d \u00fd Ch\u00faa, L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u1ea7n &lt;strong&gt;bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa tr\u1ecdn&lt;\/strong&gt; v\u1eb9n,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;th\u1ef1c thi tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ch\u00faa cho bi\u1ebft.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/know-%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2-yada\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/know-%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2-yada\/\" >Know (\u05d9\u05b8\u05d3\u05b7\u0596\u05e2 yada)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Knowing about God or Know about God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0: - bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa qua vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, - bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa qua s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, do ai \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i (ngo\u00e0i KT), - bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa qua l\u00ed lu\u1eadn, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c; v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng qua Th\u00e1nh Linh soi d\u1eabn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/knowing-about-god-or-know-about-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/knowing-about-god-or-know-about-god\/\" >Knowing about God or Know about God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Knowing God, or Know God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa: - qua \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh soi d\u1eabn, - Bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa do ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb, - Bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, - Bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y, - Bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 qua nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn, Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e1p l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, Ch\u00faa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u kh\u1ecfi ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, Ch\u00faa nghe th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng\u2026)&lt;\/em&gt;. v\u00e0 \u2013 Bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa b\u1edfi t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/knowing-god-or-know-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/knowing-god-or-know-god\/\" >Knowing God, or Know God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Knowledge of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec3u Bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec3u Bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201c&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec3u Bi\u1ebft \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean. T\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Knowledge of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0, \u201ckh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0110CT tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3\u2026 hay n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, \u00a0\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u00e2n t\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 ban cho hay kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m cho ai; \u0111i xa h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u2018l\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a \u0110CT\u2019\u201d. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110CT th\u1eadt l\u00e0 bao la r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc th\u00ec c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u201cbi\u1ebft ch\u1eb3ng bao nhi\u00eau\u201d v\u1ec1 \u0110CT, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i chi \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cbi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa\u201d (&lt;em&gt;knowing God&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nM\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970\u2019s, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 J.I. Packer cho ra \u0111\u1eddi cu\u1ed1n, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Knowing God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, 1973, IVP. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o l\u00ean m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi\u2026 ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa ch\u01b0a? C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1990, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Henry T. Blackaby vi\u1ebft ra s\u00e1ch\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u201c&lt;em&gt;Experiencing God\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(knowing &amp; doing the will of God, 1990&lt;em&gt;).&lt;\/em&gt; Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt; th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung, n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap t\u00edn h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 ai? Gi\u1ed1ng ai\u201d \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec? V\u00e0 \u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ea7y?!! (\u00d4-s\u00ea 4:1; 6:6; Col. 1:10; II Phi. 1:2). \u00a0C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0y \u201c&lt;em&gt;Expriencing God\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; do Henry Blackaby, v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Southem Baptist Convention (SBC) \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u201c&lt;strong&gt;hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa,&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201c\u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 nh\u1ea5t\u201d (&lt;em&gt;v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u201cph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d) \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i; nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201chi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa\u201d qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111i trong t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, trong \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y t\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c\u2026 v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 l\u1eabn qu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a l\u00ed tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/knowledge-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/knowledge-of-god\/\" >Knowledge of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Koine&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1edbi, Chung&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;G\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;Koin\u00e8&lt;\/em&gt;, common (chung, th\u01b0\u1eddng). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Hy-l\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Koine&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Greek&lt;\/em&gt; (New Testament), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p chung (m\u1edbi) trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i giao d\u1ecbch trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La-m\u00e3 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/koine\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/koine\/\" >Koine<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Koinonia&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7p Th\u00f4ng, T\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng, Th\u00f4ng C\u00f4ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;koin\u00f2nia &lt;\/em&gt;\u2013 A Fellowship, Particiption, Communion. T\u1eeb n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng, th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng, th\u00e2n h\u1eefu gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb \u00a0\u201chi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng\u201d ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n, anh em C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. Ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cth\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u1eadt m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u1eafm trong nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh trong bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a HT). Theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho bi\u1ebft, trong HT \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh HT,\u00a0 t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;koinonia&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng), r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u00fd ngh\u0129a bao h\u00e0m v\u1eeba t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 y\u00eau anh em, \u0111\u1ee9ng chung v\u1edbi nhau v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m: (1) V\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, (2) Gi\u1eef l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, (3) Tin ch\u1eafc Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Con \u0110CT, (4) Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a trong C\u01af, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Emmanu\u00ean, (5) Tin ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, (6) Rao truy\u1ec1n tin m\u1eebng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 (7) Nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, nh\u01b0 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nV\u1edbi 7 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean, cho n\u00ean C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 4:32-37, \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cs\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft l\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2026 S\u1edf d\u0129, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t theo \u00fd h\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an sinh cho ri\u00eang h\u1ecd l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.\u00a0 S\u1ef1 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;koinonia&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh Ch\u00faa, s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eabn nhau, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t hy sinh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 tin m\u1eebng \u201cCh\u00faa S\u1ed1ng\u201d, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y\u2026 Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 HT \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3, b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ngay nay. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao, hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Trinity&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong m\u1ed1i \u201chi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng\u201d (&lt;em&gt;koinonia&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Trinity (c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n) kh\u00f4ng \u0111i xa h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00e2m thu\u00fd h\u01a1n, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u201chi\u1ec7p\u2026\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u201cm\u1ed9t\u201d v\u00ec \u201cba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u201cm\u1ed9t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\u201d \u00a0&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trinity&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/strong&gt; (C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 2:42-47; I Cor. 1:9; II Cor. 13:14; I Gi\u0103ng 1:3-6; Gi\u0103 1:1-12; S\u00e1ng 1:1-3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/koinonia\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/koinonia\/\" >Koinonia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Kyrios&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lord&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;Kyrios &lt;\/em&gt;(Lord). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng Jesus Christ (Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su) l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u2013 \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3- mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i \u2013 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o! T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u201cYahweh\u201d trong b\u1ea3n kinh Septuagint (b\u1ea3n kinh 70). Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. V\u00ec Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng cao c\u1ea3, cai qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong \u00fd Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn\/ (\u0111\u1ea5m ng\u1ef1a, h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i) Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y &lt;em&gt;Kyrie eleison&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cLord, have Mercy\u201d &lt;em&gt;Christe eleison&lt;\/em&gt; (Christ, have Mercy) (Rom. 1:7\u2019 I Cor. 1:7; Col. 1:3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kyrios\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/kyrios\/\" >Kyrios<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-l mix\" data-filter-base=\"l\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">L<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Laetare Sunday&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Vui M\u1eebng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;G\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;rejoice&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong L\u1ec5 Lent (M\u00f9a Chay) c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt T\u01b0\u01a1i M\u1edbi (Refrestment Sunday) (E-sai 66:10).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/laetare-sunday\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/laetare-sunday\/\" >Laetare Sunday<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Laity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u01b0 S\u0129, T\u01b0 S\u0129, Ph\u00f3 T\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;G\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;laikos&lt;\/em&gt; (Belong to the People \u2013 &lt;em&gt;Thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 D\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m lo h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1, c\u01b0 s\u0129, t\u01b0 s\u0129, ph\u00f3 t\u1ebf\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/laity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/laity\/\" >Laity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lamb of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chi\u00ean Con c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec7t danh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Lamb of God\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Chi\u00ean Con c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt, khi \u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, g\u1eb7p Ch\u00faa trong l\u00fac \u0111ang \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng \u00f4ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Jesus: \u201c&lt;em&gt;K\u00eca Chi\u00ean Con c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea5t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i th\u1ebf gian\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Gi\u0103ng 1:29-36). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed xa x\u01b0a, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi g\u1ecdi d\u00e2n Israel ra kh\u1ecfi \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 (Xu\u1ea5t. 12), bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang h\u1ecd ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n th\u00e1nh cho Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd qu\u00e1 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa n\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t con Chi\u00ean Con \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha t\u1ed9i. Ti\u00ean Tri \u00ca-sai \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc (E-sai 5:3-7; C\u00f4ng 8:32; I Ph\u00ea-r\u00f4 1:19; Heb. 1:6).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lamb-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lamb-of-god\/\" >Lamb of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lambeth Articles (1595)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Lambeth, 1595&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c John Whitgift v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o t\u00edn l\u00ed ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f4i\u201d (double predestination)&lt;\/em&gt; trong B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Irish (Irish Articles of Religion, 1615). Sau n\u00e0y, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1888, c\u00f3 th\u00eam b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Lambeth Quadri Lateral \u2013 nh\u1eb1m b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho b\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng B\u1ed1 Ni\u1ec1m Tin 39 (Thirty nine Articles) g\u1ed3m 4 \u0111i\u1ec3m: Kinh Th\u00e1nh, Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Nicene, T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3, L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 S\u1eed Quang T\u00ednh Ch\u1ee9c V\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c (Historic Episcopate).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lambeth-articles-1595\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lambeth-articles-1595\/\" >Lambeth Articles (1595)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Land, Theology of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc L\u00e3nh Th\u1ed5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00ed minh bi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t\u201d \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn cho d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c&lt;em&gt;h\u1ee9a ban&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed trung t\u00edn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 u\u1ef7 th\u00e1c th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/land-theology-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/land-theology-of\/\" >Land, Theology of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Landmarkism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft M\u1ed9c Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e1p-tit Ni\u1ec1m Nam tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed B\u00e1p-tem b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay qua Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Baptist. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem kh\u00e1c (kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm) do c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp b\u1edfi James R. Graves (1820 \u2013 93), ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat t\u1edd b\u00e1o &lt;em&gt;Tennessee Baptist&lt;\/em&gt;, r\u1ed3i in th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf do James M. Pendleton, \u201c&lt;em&gt;An Old Landmark Reset&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1856). Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed tr\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm tr\u00ean to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Baptist trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i b\u00e1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/landmarkism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/landmarkism\/\" >Landmarkism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lapsarian Controrersy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tranh Lu\u1eadn V\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 Sa Ng\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; -18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; , nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Calvin tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay sau s\u1ef1 sa ng\u00e3. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebb ra th\u00eam 2 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed: &lt;em&gt;Sapralapsarian&lt;\/em&gt; (tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 sa ng\u00e3) v\u00e0&lt;em&gt; Infralapsarian&lt;\/em&gt; (sau s\u1ef1 sa ng\u00e3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lapsarian-controrersy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lapsarian-controrersy\/\" >Lapsarian Controrersy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Last Days\/ Last Judgment\/ Final Judgment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ng\u00e0y Cu\u1ed1i C\u00f9ng,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1n X\u00e9t Cu\u1ed1i C\u00f9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ba c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y Cu\u1ed1i C\u00f9ng, Ng\u00e0y Ph\u00e1n X\u00e9t&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tin tri trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Amos 8: 9-11; 9: 9-12). \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c Con D\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i (E-sai 2; \u00d4-s\u00ea 1:2; \u00ca-x\u00ea-chi\u00ean 17; Gi\u00f4-\u00ean 1-3). \u0110\u1ebfn T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng ai thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i. C\u00e1i then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 t\u00e0n kh\u00f3c, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, x\u1ea3y ra bao g\u1ed3m: Chi\u1ebfn tranh, d\u1ecbch l\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00e3o t\u1ed1, thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch, b\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1o, anti-Christ v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Math. 24; I Tes. 5; I Ph\u00ea. 3 v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 1:21). V\u00e0 khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec \u201cng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ecdn v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh \u0111em c\u00e1c Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 N\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00e0i, ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u1eadp to\u00e0 \u00e1n tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e9t x\u1eed nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng d\u00e0nh cho Con D\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 H\u1ecfa Ng\u1ee5c d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Con Tr\u1eddi Jesus, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/last-days-last-judgment-final-judgment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/last-days-last-judgment-final-judgment\/\" >Last Days\/ Last Judgment\/ Final Judgment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Last Judgment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1n X\u00e9t Cu\u1ed1i C\u00f9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y chung th\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u1edf Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 21.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/last-judgment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/last-judgment\/\" >Last Judgment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Later Prophets&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1eadu Ti\u00ean Tri&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;g\u1ed3m: \u00ca-sai, Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi v\u00e0 \u00ca-x\u00ea-chi\u00ean v\u00e0 12 S\u00e1ch k\u1ebf l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Ti\u00ean Tri.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/later-prophets\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/later-prophets\/\" >Later Prophets<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lateran Councils&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Lateran&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Bao g\u1ed3m 5 gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i Lateran Palace \u1edf Rome trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u2013 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; (1123, 1129, 1179, 1215, 1512, 1517). Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1o l\u00ed v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 (transub-stantiaon), v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb th\u1ee9 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, ph\u1ee7 quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Constance (1414 \u2013 18) v\u00e0 Basel (1431 \u2013 49).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lateran-councils\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lateran-councils\/\" >Lateran Councils<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Latimer, Hugh (1495 \u2013 1555)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Latimer, Hugh&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;1495 \u2013 1555&lt;\/em&gt;)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 tu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00ec tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 hu\u1ea5n \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Cambridge, th\u1ee5 phong linh m\u1ee5c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, 1524, m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c theo GH C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Thomas Bilney, v\u1ec1 sau ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa \u1edf West Kington. S\u1ed1ng trong bu\u1ed5i tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa 2 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, Latimer tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7. \u00d4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Vua Henry VIII l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3, \u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vinh th\u0103ng c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc trong l\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ec7n Anh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng khi N\u1eef Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Anh b\u00e0 Mary l\u00ean tr\u1ecb v\u00ec, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam v\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau n\u0103m 1555, t\u1ea1i Oxford v\u1edbi Nicholas Ridley. L\u1eddi kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1eafp l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1edfi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n Ch\u00faa, t\u00f4i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc Anh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/latimer-hugh-1495-1555\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/latimer-hugh-1495-1555\/\" >Latimer, Hugh (1495 \u2013 1555)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Latin Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i La-tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u0169ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i chung tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng La-tin, c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/latin-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/latin-church\/\" >Latin Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Latin Rites&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chung Nghi L\u1ec5 La-tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o Nghi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Nghi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/latin-rites\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/latin-rites\/\" >Latin Rites<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Latitudinarianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Bao H\u00e0m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Anh Gi\u00e1o, nh\u1eb1m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a, gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/latitudinarianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/latitudinarianism\/\" >Latitudinarianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Latrocinium&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Robert Synod of Ephesus, 449&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng La-tin (Robert Council) l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 (449). Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 quy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft do Entycher truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Monophysitism (Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9c Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus). S\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Chalcedon (451).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/latrocinium\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/latrocinium\/\" >Latrocinium<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Latter-day Saints&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i M\u1ea1c-m\u00f4n&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Mormon&lt;\/strong&gt;)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/latter-day-saints\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/latter-day-saints\/\" >Latter-day Saints<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Latter, Spiritual&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1ea5c Thang Thu\u1ed9c Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m linh (thu\u1ed9c linh) c\u1ee7a Krit-t\u00f4 nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/latter-spiritual\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/latter-spiritual\/\" >Latter, Spiritual<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lausanne Covenant (1974)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Giao \u01af\u1edbc Lau-san&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi (&lt;em&gt;World Evangelization&lt;\/em&gt;), th\u00e1ng 7, 1974, do Gi\u00e1o S\u0129 Billy Graham t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. S\u1ed1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u00f3 2,700 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u1ed3m 150 qu\u1ed1c gia. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a giao \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Tin l\u00e0nh cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lausanne-covenant-1974\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lausanne-covenant-1974\/\" >Lausanne Covenant (1974)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Law and Gospel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c ni\u1ec1m tin trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther (Lutheran Formula of Concord, 1577). \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 2 c\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m (Law &amp; Gospel). Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p qua M\u00f4i-se v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi, v\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su qua s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 Law and Grace (Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qua s\u1ef1 ban cho (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u0103c mi\u1ec5n) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/law-and-gospel\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/law-and-gospel\/\" >Law and Gospel<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Law of Nature&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m 2 \u00fd: (1) Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m chung cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban qua t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng duy tr\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Lu\u1eadt Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n l\u00ed qua ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 l\u00ed do. (2) Lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00ed \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t \/ v\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0: tr\u00e8o cao t\u00e9 n\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i \u0103n, n\u00edn th\u1edf th\u00ec ch\u1ebft\u2026 Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i nhanh qu\u00e1 hay s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/law-of-nature\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/law-of-nature\/\" >Law of Nature<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Law, Biblical Concept&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00dd Th\u1ee9c V\u1ec1 Kinh Lu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 Kinh Lu\u1eadt: (1) L\u00e0 lu\u1eadt 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n do Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban, v\u0103n t\u1ef1 ghi trong Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 K\u00fd ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 20. (2) Lu\u1eadt Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng l\u00e0 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa (God\u2019s Word). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, r\u0103n b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh trong Ng\u0169 Kinh (Pentateuch) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch trong Kinh Lu\u1eadt (Torah). (3) X\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n, &lt;em&gt;lu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt; c\u0169ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;l\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi &lt;em&gt;n\u00f3i&lt;\/em&gt; coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;lu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 v\u00ec l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng sai tr\u1eadt, l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Do \u0111\u00f3, qua Kinh C\u1ee9u \u01af\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1n d\u1eb7n, th\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai l\u1ea7m, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ebfn Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng &lt;em&gt;lu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;, truy\u1ec1n qua nh\u1eefng &lt;em&gt;l\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus d\u1ea1y trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi 3 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4 s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m ghi l\u1ea1i. \u0110i xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia c\u00f2n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1eadt \u2013 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Image of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (b\u00f3ng \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi), l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;True Human Life&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t Th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eddi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi), \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Pilars&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;of True Religion&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (C\u1ed1t C\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o Ch\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh), \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Way of Holiness&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft). \u201c&lt;em&gt;Way of Fellowship&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (C\u00e1ch Hi\u1ec7p Th\u00f4ng Tr\u1ecdn V\u1eb9n) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Ch\u00eca Kho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/law-biblical-concept\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/law-biblical-concept\/\" >Law, Biblical Concept<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lawless One&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;K\u1ebb V\u00f4 Lu\u1eadt, \/\/ Phi Ph\u00e1p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y nh\u1eafm n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Sa-tan, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Anti-Christ. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;em&gt;Evil One&lt;\/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Lawless One&lt;\/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Satan&lt;\/em&gt; II Tes. 2:8; Kh\u1ea3i 21). \u00dd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i xem th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00ed, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lawless-one\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lawless-one\/\" >Lawless One<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lay Baptism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c S\u0129, C\u01b0 S\u0129 C\u1eed L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00edn h\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n c\u1eed l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lay-baptism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lay-baptism\/\" >Lay Baptism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lay Elders&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ph\u00f3 T\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lay-elders\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lay-elders\/\" >Lay Elders<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lay Ministries&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 C\u00e1c C\u01b0 S\u0129&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lay-ministries\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lay-ministries\/\" >Lay Ministries<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lay Preacher&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u01b0 S\u0129 Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lay-preacher\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lay-preacher\/\" >Lay Preacher<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lay Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u01b0 S\u0129&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lay-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lay-theology\/\" >Lay Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Laying On Hand&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 \u0110\u1eb7t Tay Truy\u1ec1n Ch\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Nghi c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Israel (Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o) v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh (C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nghi th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t tay c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n do Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. T\u1eeb g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;Sim&lt;\/em&gt; ho\u1eb7c &lt;em&gt;Sit&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0111\u1eb7t) \u0111\u1eb7t tay l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc, ban ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 (S\u00e1ng 48:14-22; D\u00e2n. 27:18), v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n (Math. 19:13; 15; Mac 10:13; 16; Luc. 18:15). Hay \u0111\u1eb7t tay ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh (C\u00f4ng 6; Mac 1:41; 5:23; 6:5; 8:23, 25; Math. 18:15; Luca 44:40; C\u00f4ng 28:8). Trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch trang tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u1eb7t tay truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 (laying), th\u1ee5 phong (ordination) v\u00e0 sai \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o (commissioning). L\u1ec5 \u0110\u1eb7t Tay n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/laying-on-hand\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/laying-on-hand\/\" >Laying On Hand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Leap of Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u00e0y V\u1ecdt \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Soren Kierkergaard (1813 \u2013 1855), khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3, hay\u00a0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201cLeap of Faith\u201d (&lt;em&gt;B\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1ea3y V\u1ecdt C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;); t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u201clu\u1eadn l\u00ed\u201d v\u00e0 \u201csuy lu\u1eadn\u201d m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia \u0110\u1ee9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i x\u00e2u s\u1eafc: Rudolf Bultmann (1844 \u2013 1976), Emil Brunner (1889 \u2013 1966) v\u00e0 Karl Barth (1886 \u2013 1968).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/leap-of-faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/leap-of-faith\/\" >Leap of Faith<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Legend&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Huy\u1ec1n Tho\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;G\u1ed1c t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;legere&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0111\u1ecdc truy\u1ec7n) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00eau d\u1ec7t th\u00eam cho h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Th\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u00e2n gian r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u201chuy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i\u201d cho nh\u1eefng ai (m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd) t\u00f4n th\u1edd c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ebb em. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh hay c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. \u0110a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 d\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong nh\u00e2n gian.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/legend\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/legend\/\" >Legend<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhem (1646 \u2013 1716)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhem&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;1646 \u2013 1716&lt;\/em&gt;)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tri\u1ebft \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Leipzig (\u0110\u1ee9c). B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng theo h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, trong l\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u tay c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;Wolfenbuttel Fragments&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1774 \u2013 1778) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh Kinh (biblical revelation). Sau \u0111\u00f3 hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m k\u1ebf: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Nathan The Wise&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1779) v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Education of Human Race&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1780) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Hy-l\u1ea1p, T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. N\u00f3i chung, \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0o c\u00e1i th\u1eadt trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/leibniz-gottfried-wilhem-1646-1716\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/leibniz-gottfried-wilhem-1646-1716\/\" >Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhem (1646 \u2013 1716)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Leviathan&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Qu\u00e1i V\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt: c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 con c\u00e1 x\u1ea5u, c\u00f3 ghi \u1edf Gi\u00f3p 3:8; Thi. 74:14; hay t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho lo\u00e0i \u00e1c th\u00fa, to l\u1edbn, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u1edf Gi\u00f3p 41:1; v\u00e0 E-sai 27:1.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/leviathan\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/leviathan\/\" >Leviathan<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Levities\/ Levitical System&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00ea-vi, v\u00e0 H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt L\u00ea-vi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u trong d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd L\u00ea-vi, m\u1ed9t trong 12 chi ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia trong th\u1eddi Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, chi ph\u00e1i L\u00ea-vi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 t\u1eeb trong sa m\u1ea1c Sinai, l\u00fac kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi L\u1ec1u T\u1ea1m, khi ra kh\u1ecfi x\u1ee9 \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4. T\u1eeb kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (ph\u00e1i) L\u00ea-vi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam, t\u1ea1o th\u00eam m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nghi th\u1ee9c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf v\u1eeba r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0, v\u1eeba kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Jerusalem b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y. Sau n\u0103m 70, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u1eefa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/levities-levitical-system\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/levities-levitical-system\/\" >Levities\/ Levitical System<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liar&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;K\u1ebb N\u00f3i L\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liar\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liar\/\" >Liar<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liberal Evangelism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 Do Tin L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh hay C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh n\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng anh em v\u1eeba tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed Tin L\u00e0nh Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u00ean c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 Tin L\u00e0nh v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liberal-evangelism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liberal-evangelism\/\" >Liberal Evangelism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liberal Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 Do, Ph\u00f3ng Kho\u00e1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, \u0111i ra xa kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00edn l\u00ed v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 do,\u201d do tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc F. D. E. Schleiermatcher (1768 \u2013 1834). S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0o trong s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh, m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, s\u1eed h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liberal-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liberal-theology\/\" >Liberal Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liberalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Ni\u1ec1m Tin T\u1ef1 Do&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ni\u1ec1m tin ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng sau \u0111\u00e2y: (1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n ho\u00e1 (2) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n (truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i hay Th\u00e1nh Kinh d\u1ea1y) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy lu\u1eadn, ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. (3) S\u1ef1 N\u1ed9i T\u1ea1i (Immanance) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ec3, \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o Ho\u00e1, (4) S\u1ef1 To\u00e0n H\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a trong hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c (perfection). (5) Th\u00edch nghi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u2013 T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 Do \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1edfi: (1) Kh\u00f4ng tin (nghi ng\u1edd) v\u00e0o ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, (2) Kh\u00f4ng tin (nghi ng\u1edd) v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, (3) Kh\u00f4ng tin (nghi ng\u1edd) v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh Mary, (4) T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 sai tr\u1eadt t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, (5) T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 sai tr\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh, v\u00e0 (6) T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 nay, t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, v.v\u2026 Ng\u00e0y nay, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 do l\u00e3ng v\u1ea3n, r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n d\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c, m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liberalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liberalism\/\" >Liberalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liberalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft TL Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng T\u1ef1 Do&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia F. Schlei-ermacher (1768-1834), A. Ritschl (1822-1889), v\u00e0 Adolf von Harnack (1851-1930) kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong ni\u1ec1m tin, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n linh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t cho N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liberalism-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liberalism-2\/\" >Liberalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liberation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng T\u1ef1 Do&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi, hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i, \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Ri\u00eang trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do t\u00e2m linh do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh (Gal. 5:1; 13; I Phi. 2:16). S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 trong\u00a0 s\u00e1ch Ga-la-ti \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liberation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liberation\/\" >Liberation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;License&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9ng Ch\u1ec9, B\u1eb1ng, Gi\u1ea5y Ph\u00e9p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng chung cho \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p g\u00ec. Ri\u00eang trong \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1eeb th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i cho ph\u00e9p thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 nghi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o theo lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p, gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia. Cao h\u01a1n license l\u00e0 l\u1ec5, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y &lt;em&gt;Ordination&lt;\/em&gt; (Th\u1ee5 Phong M\u1ee5c S\u01b0, \/\/ Linh M\u1ee5c).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/license\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/license\/\" >License<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liddon, Henry Parry (1829 \u2013 1890)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Liddon, Henry Parry&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;1829 \u2013 1890&lt;\/em&gt;)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Phong Tr\u00e0o Oxford (Phong Tr\u00e0o Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng), c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, sau c\u01a1n ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Stoneham, Hampshire, h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc King\u2019s College, London v\u00e0 Christ Church College, Oxford, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 1850. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 n\u0103m 1853; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ph\u00f3 vi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Cuddleston Theological Col-lege g\u1ea7n Oxford (1854 \u2013 1859) v\u00e0 \u1edf St. Edmond\u2019s Hall \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oxford (1859 \u2013 1862). Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Christ Church Colege (1862 \u2013 1890). \u00d4ng t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n ni\u1ec1m tin t\u1eeb Tin L\u00e0nh sang C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Anh, theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Oxford nh\u01b0 John Keble, Edward Pusey v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 John Henry Newman. \u00d4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Athanasian, Nicene; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u ni\u1ec1m tin t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o cao c\u1ea5p. \u00d4ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c thi\u00ean t\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf Oxford. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liddon-henry-parry-1829-1890\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liddon-henry-parry-1829-1890\/\" >Liddon, Henry Parry (1829 \u2013 1890)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Life&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng, S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Heb. \u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05dd\u0599 &lt;em&gt;hay(yim)&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u00e1ng 2:9) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;nepes&lt;\/em&gt;, d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;Zo\u00e8 &lt;\/em&gt;(s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng), c\u00f3 h\u01a1i th\u1edf\/ living beings\/ sanh linh, sinh th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Trong TK t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;life&lt;\/em&gt; d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, &lt;em&gt;cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;t\u1ea1m)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng (v\u0129nh c\u1eefu)&lt;\/em&gt;. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong TK v\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m: Tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u2013 living being - m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t, hay \u0111\u00e1 g\u1ed7. \u0110\u00fang th\u1eadt, khi \u0110CT n\u1eafn l\u00ean h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, r\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i th\u1edf h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o\u2026 th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u201csinh v\u1eadt\u201d, m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt \u201cc\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n,\u201d n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201clinh v\u1eadt\u201d t\u1eeb trong b\u1ea3n KTTT l\u00e0 \u201csinh linh\u201d. Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u201cs\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d, m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u201cch\u1ebft\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2 ph\u1ea7n: Th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 Linh h\u1ed3n. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cs\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u201d l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean. (1) Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, \u00a0t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3, v\u00e0 (2)\u00a0 S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n th\u00ec v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. Ph\u1ea7n 1, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 l\u00ed tr\u00ed suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00ean tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 n\u00ean l\u00e0m. Ph\u1ea7n 2, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n \u2013 t\u00e2m linh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta ai ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang sai, \u00e1c thi\u1ec7n. v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 vui v\u1ebb, hay \u0111au kh\u1ed5, th\u1ed5n th\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u00eam, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac t\u00e2m linh sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n, Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt, th\u1ed5n th\u1ee9c, \u201c\u2026 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;linh h\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0t\u00f4i m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa, Nh\u01b0 con nai c\u00e1i th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t khe n\u01b0\u1edbc. &lt;strong&gt;Linh h\u1ed3n&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0t\u00f4i kh\u00e1t khao \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng: T\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn ra m\u1eaft \u0110\u1ee9c...\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Thi 42:1).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nBao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng, c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ch\u00faa. &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u2026&lt;strong&gt;Linh h\u1ed3n&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0ch\u00fang ta tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady CH\u00daA; Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap v\u00e0 thu\u1eabn khi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Thi 33: 20).&lt;br \/&gt;\nKinh Th\u00e1nh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cS\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi,\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, ngay sau khi Ob Adam ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i k\u00ednh Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tin Ch\u00faa. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau. L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su d\u1ea1y, \u201c&lt;em&gt;K\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t; c\u00f2n Ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u1ea7u cho chi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0 d\u1eadt&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 10:10).&lt;br \/&gt;\nS\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0 d\u1eadt, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau. C\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa, v\u00ec c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng phong ph\u00fa l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vui v\u1ebb, hy v\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac; v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong \u0111\u1eddi sau s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng Th\u1eadt.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/life\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/life\/\" >Life<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Light (\u05d0\u0591\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8 (\u00f4-wor)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 S\u00e1ng, \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng, Ngu\u1ed3n S\u00e1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu)&lt;\/em&gt;.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong KT, t\u1eeb \u201cs\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngay sau khi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong 6 ng\u00e0y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110CT (S\u00e1ng 1:3). Kinh Th\u00e1nh di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 \u201cs\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng\u201d: s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng, \u0111i trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft q\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eddi sau.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc.\u00a0 Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong 2 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1i t\u0103m (&lt;em&gt;darkness&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng (&lt;em&gt;lightness&lt;\/em&gt;). Xem \u201c&lt;em&gt;darkness&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u1ed1i t\u1eafm&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201c\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng,\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201cs\u1ed1ng trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nN\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c&lt;strong&gt;s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng. V\u00e0 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 S\u00e1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; c\u0169ng l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m linh thi\u00eang li\u00eang nh\u01b0ng trong c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ec \u201cc\u00f5i thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng\u201d b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i to\u1ea3 kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed1t lu\u1ef9 tinh tu\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110CT, \u1edf trong \u0110CT v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0110CT: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Trong Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026\u201d(Gi\u0103 1: 4). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb\u00a0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110CT. \u00dd th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0\u00a0 t\u1eeb\u00a0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus trong Gi\u0103ng 1:4; 8:12 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa J\u00easus l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1n c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang r\u1eb1ng: Ta l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng &lt;\/strong&gt;c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian; ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o theo Ta, ch\u1eb3ng \u0111i trong n\u01a1i t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 &lt;strong&gt;\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng&lt;\/strong&gt; c\u1ee7a &lt;strong&gt;s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng&lt;\/strong&gt;.\u201d&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;\/em&gt;C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 \u201cs\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng\u201d l\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng ai, ch\u1ecbu ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u2026 nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n: \u201c&lt;em&gt;ai tin Ta th\u00ec ch\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n \u0111i trong t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u1edf trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u1ede \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 d\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 trong 2 s\u00e1ch, Ga-la-ti v\u00e0 \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Xem nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ecfi du h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi ranh gi\u1edbi c\u00f5i tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c, \u201csinh l\u00e3o b\u1ec7nh t\u1eed\u201d. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi sau.&lt;br \/&gt;\nQua Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, hay qua s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u00f9 m\u1edd trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2026 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 \u0110CT d\u00e0nh cho ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00ed \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u1ed1ng L\u00e0m Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1eadt\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d Th\u1ebf, m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u2013 l\u00e0 Christian \u2013 &lt;em&gt;Cr\u00edt-nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt; - Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Theo Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.&lt;strong&gt;\u00a0\u00a0 &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/light-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8-o-wor\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/light-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8-o-wor\/\" >Light (\u05d0\u0591\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8 (\u00f4-wor)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Likeness of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ed1ng Nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa, \/\/ \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, H\u00ecnh \u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf S\u00e1ng. 1:26 \u201c&lt;em&gt;In the Image and the likeness of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, &lt;strong&gt;\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e6\u05b7\u05dc\u05b0\u05de\u0594\u05d5\u05b9&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;b\u01a1-sal-m\u00f2w&lt;\/em&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;\u05de\u05d5\u05bc\u05ea\u05b5\u0591\u05e0\u05d5\u05bc\u05db\u05b4\u05bc\u05d3\u05b0&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;ki&lt;\/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;dam\u00fa-t\u00ea&lt;\/em&gt;) (n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa &lt;em&gt;con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u00e1ng 5:1; Eph. 5:24; Gia-c\u01a1 3:9). C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh, c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u201c&lt;em&gt;image&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;likeness&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn l\u1edbn trong gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Ri\u00eang trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. B\u1ea3n Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng 1925, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean theo &lt;strong&gt;h\u00ecnh&lt;\/strong&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/strong&gt; Ta&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fa \u00fd). T\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u1eafm \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: \u201c&lt;em&gt;h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d\u2013 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u1ed5n l\u1eafm v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u201c&lt;em&gt;image&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;likeness&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. T\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd: \u201c&lt;em&gt;b\u00f3ng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u1ea3nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. V\u00ec Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 minh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 M\u00f4i-se th\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng Ng\u00e0i \u1edf ph\u00eda sau khi \u0111i ngang qua (Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 K\u00fd). T\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u1ea3nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee5p&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng hay l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Cho d\u00f9 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2026 V\u00e0 KT T\u01af c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 xc \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;th\u1ea7n&lt;\/strong&gt;, n\u00ean ai th\u1edd l\u1ea1y Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y &lt;strong&gt;t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt &lt;\/strong&gt;m\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1ea1y&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 4:24). V\u1eady \u201c&lt;em&gt;image of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;likeness of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d th\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1i \u201c&lt;em&gt;image of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201cth\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, to\u1ea3n h\u1ea3o, t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, t\u1eeb tho\u1ea3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa, ngay sau khi Ob Adam ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Martin Luther \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u201c&lt;em&gt;I&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;mage of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Ch\u00e2n (&lt;em&gt;H\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;) \u1ea2nh Ch\u00faa) \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb khi A-dam ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng khi tin Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i (&lt;em&gt;ho\u00e0n tr\u1edf&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u201c&lt;em&gt;image&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cImage of God\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cLikeness of God\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; th\u1eadt, m\u00e0 \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 ban cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u201ch\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh trong \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh\u201d\u2026 V\u00ec khi c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. \u0110C Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n \u1ea3nh th\u1eadt mang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110CT cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam s\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (The Christian Foundation Theo-logy) c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ee5c Ph\u1ea7n 3: \u201c&lt;em&gt;T\u00ecm Hi\u1ec3u Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/likeness-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/likeness-of-god\/\" >Likeness of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Limited Atonement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ec1n T\u1ed9i Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ecbnh, S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1eb7c Tuy\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Calvin d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng ai tin theo Ch\u00faa; ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi). C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eb7c tuy\u1ec3n.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 5 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Calvin \u1edf Dort (&lt;em&gt;Synod of Dort&lt;\/em&gt;) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qua t\u1eeb t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3t TULIP.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/limited-atonement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/limited-atonement\/\" >Limited Atonement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Limited Iner-rancy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1edbi H\u1ea1n L\u1ea7m L\u1eabn, V\u00f4 Ng\u1ed9 Gi\u1edbi H\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 sai trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hay khoa h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/limited-iner-rancy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/limited-iner-rancy\/\" >Limited Iner-rancy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Linguistic Analysis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Ng\u1eef T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edbi l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u1ebd th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/linguistic-analysis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/linguistic-analysis\/\" >Linguistic Analysis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Linguistics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5t Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edbi n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00ed, c\u1ee7a l\u1ebd th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/linguistics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/linguistics\/\" >Linguistics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Literal Meaning&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ngh\u0129a \u0110en, Ngh\u0129a T\u1eeb V\u1ef1ng, Ch\u00ednh X\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u0111en c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb, th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, tr\u1ef1c \u00fd, ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng mang \u00fd th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (plain meaning).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/literal-meaning\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/literal-meaning\/\" >Literal Meaning<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Literalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o ngh\u0129a \u0111en, ngh\u0129a tr\u1ef1c \u00fd. T\u1eeb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/literalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/literalism\/\" >Literalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Literany Criti-cism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea9m V\u0103n H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ef1c \u0111oan trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin x\u01b0a nay v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m gay g\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qua s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ta lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i, phi l\u00ed, m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin, tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/literany-criti-cism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/literany-criti-cism\/\" >Literany Criti-cism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liturgical Art&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1 cao vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgical-art\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgical-art\/\" >Liturgical Art<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liturgical Book&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch L\u1ec5 Nghi Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgical-book\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgical-book\/\" >Liturgical Book<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liturgical Inculturation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u0103n Ho\u00e1 H\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadp Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgical-inculturation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgical-inculturation\/\" >Liturgical Inculturation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liturgical Language&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Trong L\u1ec5 Nghi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgical-language\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgical-language\/\" >Liturgical Language<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liturgical Movement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ec1 X\u01b0\u1edbng Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgical-movement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgical-movement\/\" >Liturgical Movement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liturgical Spiritual Wor-ship&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nghi L\u1ec5 H\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgical-spiritual-wor-ship\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgical-spiritual-wor-ship\/\" >Liturgical Spiritual Wor-ship<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liturgical Year&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u0103m Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgical-year\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgical-year\/\" >Liturgical Year<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liturgiology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u00f4n H\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgiology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgiology\/\" >Liturgiology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Liturgy of the World&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nghi L\u1ec5 To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 h\u1eb1ng tu\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgy-of-the-world\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/liturgy-of-the-world\/\" >Liturgy of the World<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Living Bible, The (LB)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh H\u1eb1ng S\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh di\u1ec5n \u00fd do Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 W. Taylors, Hoa K\u1ef3, ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t 1970\u2019s. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh g\u1ed1c trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc Hoa K\u1ef3, trong c\u00e1c th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970\u2019s \u2013 90\u2019s, nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u Kinh Th\u00e1nh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u Anh Ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/living-bible-the-lb\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/living-bible-the-lb\/\" >Living Bible, The (LB)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Loci Communes&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ed7 Chung, Ch\u1ed7 C\u00f4ng C\u1ed9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh, r\u1ed3i \u00a0gom l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ni\u1ec1m tin chung cho c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 GH C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc C\u0103n B\u1ea3n (&lt;em&gt;Systematic Theology&lt;\/em&gt;), hay Ni\u1ec1m Tin C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i &lt;em&gt;(Basic Dotrine&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 &lt;strong&gt;Loci Theologici&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;L\u1ebd Th\u1eadt Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u0103n B\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt;), C\u00e1c S\u00e1ch Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc C\u0103n B\u1ea3n\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/loci-communes\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/loci-communes\/\" >Loci Communes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Loci Theologici&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ebd Th\u1eadt Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u0103n B\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00e1c S\u00e1ch Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc C\u0103n B\u1ea3n\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/loci-theologici\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/loci-theologici\/\" >Loci Theologici<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lockes, John (1632 \u2013 1704)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft Gia John Lock&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;John Locke l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00ed th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c cha \u00f4ng l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oxford, London \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0, v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y d\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong gia t\u1ed9c Earl \u1edf Shaftesbury nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 y khoa, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y k\u00e8m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng b\u00ed th\u01b0 cho gia t\u1ed9c. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac, \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Descard v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed. D\u1ea7n d\u00e0, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y s\u0129, nghi\u00eang h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m trong ni\u1ec1m tin C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Locke qua lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Essay&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Comcerning Human Understanding\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1690), \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;human mind&lt;\/em&gt;) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong tr\u1eafng: thu nh\u1eadn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n (self-reflection). \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u201c&lt;em&gt;l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (innate ideas) c\u1ee7a Descard, Plato. \u00d4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1eeb lu\u1eadn l\u00ed l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 minh kh\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (natural revelation), kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed trong khi lu\u1eadn l\u00ed.&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u00f2n v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (\u0111\u1ec3 cai qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n). V\u1ec1 l\u1ebd th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00ed. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u cho ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00e0o C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. V\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 minh kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed (reasonable).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lockes-john-1632-1704\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lockes-john-1632-1704\/\" >Lockes, John (1632 \u2013 1704)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Logia&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi, L\u1eddi N\u00f3i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus gom l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u0111\u00e3 ghi. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng 4 l\u1ea7n (C\u00f4ng 7:38; Rom. 3:2; Heb. 5:12; I Pet. 4:11). &lt;em&gt;Logion&lt;\/em&gt; (l\u1eddi, s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u). Ri\u00eang trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 27 l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi th\u00e1nh, l\u1eddi th\u1ed1t ra t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logia\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logia\/\" >Logia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Logic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed, H\u1ee3p L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;logike&lt;\/em&gt;. M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trong lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, tranh lu\u1eadn, l\u00ed lu\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn l\u00ed s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ni\u1ec1m tin; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p l\u00ed.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lo-gic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lo-gic\/\" >Logic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Logical Empiricism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed Th\u1ef1c Nghi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logical-empiricism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logical-empiricism\/\" >Logical Empiricism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Logical Empiricism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;C&lt;em&gt;h\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft T\u00edch C\u1ef1c Th\u1ef1c Nghi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logical-empiricism-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logical-empiricism-2\/\" >Logical Empiricism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Logical Poritivism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed N\u0103ng \u0110\u1ed9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu. C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn l\u00ed n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Logical Empiricism &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed Th\u1ef1c Nghi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;). \u2013 &lt;strong&gt;Logico-Deduc-tive Method&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed Lo\u1ea1i Suy&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logical-poritivism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logical-poritivism\/\" >Logical Poritivism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Logical Positivism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;C&lt;em&gt;h\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft T\u00edch C\u1ef1c H\u1ee3p L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logical-positivism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logical-positivism\/\" >Logical Positivism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Logico-Deduc-tive Method&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed Lo\u1ea1i Suy&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logico-deduc-tive-method\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logico-deduc-tive-method\/\" >Logico-Deduc-tive Method<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Logocentrism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Tr\u1ecdng T\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ef9 - \u0111\u1ec1u bao h\u00e0m trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng do Jacques Derrida (b. 1930). Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a si\u00eau h\u00ecnh qua t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logocentrism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logocentrism\/\" >Logocentrism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Logos&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u039b\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 &lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi, Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea1o, Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;logos&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cword\u201d, \u201creason\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y do Tri\u1ebft Gia Zeno, kho\u1ea3ng 50 BC, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n sau 50 n\u0103m, s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Gi\u0103ng. Mu\u1ed1n r\u00f5 t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 sau: (1) Trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy-l\u1ea1p, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Stoic \u0111\u1ebfn Zeno. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean c\u1edb, nguy\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. L\u00e0 M\u1eabu, l\u00e0 \u00c1o cho\u00e0ng bao tr\u00f9m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 sao cho h\u1ebft.\u00a0 L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. (2) Trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng&lt;em&gt; Logos&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean c\u1edb c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u201cb\u1edfi\u201d Ng\u00e0i, \u201ctrong\u201d Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u201cv\u00ec\u201d Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u0103ng, &lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia c\u0169ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111i xa h\u01a1n&lt;em&gt;. Logos&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, &lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean c\u1edb c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 phi th\u1ec3). (3) Trong &lt;em&gt;Christian Theology&lt;\/em&gt; (Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o). Qua Gi\u0103ng v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Ch\u00faa Jesus ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i Nh\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu &lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh &lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0o N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi (Christology). Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy-l\u1ea1p b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, n\u1ed5i l\u00ean tri\u1ebft l\u00ed \u201cGnosticism\u201d (&lt;em&gt;duy tri th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;). Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n v\u00ec ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 do t\u1eeb suy lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft\u2026 Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, v\u00e0i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c ra trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sao hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cAgnos-ticism\u201d (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea5t tri th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;). \u201cLogos\u201d nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng tri th\u1ee9c qua suy lu\u1eadn\u2026 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201cleap of faith\u201d (&lt;em&gt;b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ee9c tin&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logos\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/logos\/\" >Logos<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lord&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ec3, \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;Adonai, Elohim&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Kyrios&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3, \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi sinh th\u1ec3 (v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hay h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh) \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i quy ph\u1ee5c, t\u00f4n th\u1edd v\u00e0 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Tin L\u00e0nh) t\u00f4n th\u1edd. Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a) th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, theo Th\u00e1nh Kinh, khi Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Con \u0110\u1ed9c Sinh&lt;\/em&gt; (Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus), Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i Nh\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Cha c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (E-sai 9:5). Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa (Lord) Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ec3. \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, C\u01af c\u00f3 2 ngh\u0129a: &lt;em&gt;lord&lt;\/em&gt; - ch\u1ee7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Lord&lt;\/em&gt; - Ch\u1ee7 Ch\u00faa, Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ec3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u00dd ch\u00ednh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, &lt;strong&gt;Lord&lt;\/strong&gt; l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a, Cha mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt (S\u00e1ng. 1, 2, 3). \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, sau khi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c Ng\u00e0i (S\u00e1ng 3:15). \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n Israel, d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n. T\u1eeb T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, Lord: Nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf, qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra qua Trinh N\u1eef Mari. S\u1ed1ng 33 n\u0103m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, 3 n\u0103m sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u1eddi - \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00e2n l\u00fd (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o &lt;em&gt;con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng&lt;\/em&gt; v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus). Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft thay \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m con c\u00e1i Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t) \u2013 \u0110em s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u2013 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u2013 s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean \u2013 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Ch\u00faa Jesus tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n s\u1eb3n ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n con c\u00e1i Ng\u00e0i \u2013 R\u1ed3i, Ch\u00faa Jesus s\u1ebd l\u00e0m &lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt; (Lord) c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta (Phil. 2:11; Kh\u1ea3i. 1:7-8) V\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa (Lord) c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai tin, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh s\u1ebd t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u1ecd tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng theo Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Lord&lt;\/em&gt; trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u1ea3 ba l\u00e0 M\u1ed8T CH\u00daA DUY NH\u1ea4T v\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eefu.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Jehovah,&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f2n Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa (&lt;em&gt;God&lt;\/em&gt;). Th\u1eadt ra, trong Kinh C\u1ee9u \u01af\u1edbc \u2013 T\u1eeb Jehovah t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Yahveh&lt;\/em&gt; (YHWH), l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Jehovah&lt;\/em&gt; b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh King James. Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Yahveh&lt;\/em&gt; (Gia-v\u00ea)! T\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a, khi t\u00ean Ch\u00faa xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n &lt;em&gt;Yahveh&lt;\/em&gt; trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc (t\u1eeb S\u00e1ng 2:4tt v\u1ec1 sau), th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Adonai&lt;\/em&gt; (v\u00ec h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n k\u1ef5 danh Ch\u00faa n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00e1nh \u0111i). Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh m\u1ed7i khi g\u1eb7p t\u1eeb Yahveh \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 LORD nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi NIV, NKJ, RSV, HCSB (Ri\u00eang b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch HCSB v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i Yahweh m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i \u2013 \u00a0t\u1eeb LORD, &lt;em&gt;Yahweh&lt;\/em&gt; trong Anh Ng\u1eef, c\u00f2n Vi\u1ec7t Ng\u1eef, t\u1eeb \u201cGi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lord\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lord\/\" >Lord<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lord\u2019s Day&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y C\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u00f3 2 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng (1) Gi\u1eef ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y (ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t, ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9); (2) v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t (The Lord\u2019s Day) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa. \u0110a s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t trong tu\u1ea7n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Sunday \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i?!!&lt;br \/&gt;\n- &lt;em&gt;Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;. V\u1ec1 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc: Kinh Th\u00e1nh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y \u2013 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t (l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Gia-v\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi) l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ng\u00e0i. V\u1ec1 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc: Ngay sau khi Ch\u00faa Jesus s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e0y t\u00f4n vinh Ch\u00faa: (1) Vui m\u1eebng t\u00f4n vinh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa; sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, t\u00f4n vinh Ch\u00faa v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u tu\u1ea7n, (2) cho \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t (l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m), \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u00e0 rao truy\u1ec1n Tin M\u1eebng. (3) T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u2013 the Lord\u2019s Day (Mac 16:2; Luc. 24:1; Gi\u0103ng 20:1). V\u00ec l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0y Vinh Quang Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1eafng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u2013 v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa (Lord) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u2013 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u2013 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa v\u00e0o Ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa (Lord\u2019s Day) \u2013 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t trong tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5. (4) Phao-l\u00f4 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa g\u1ecdi truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong m\u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh c\u00e1c n\u01a1i, v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;Lord\u2019s Day&lt;\/em&gt;) (C\u00f4ng 2: 31; 4: 2, 10, 33; 10:40; 13: 33-37; 17: 18; Rom. 10: 9; I Cor. 155: 4; 12:19; I Tes. 1:10).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;em&gt;- Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;: \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi h\u1eadu c\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 Ignatius, c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: \u201c&lt;em&gt;H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t (the Lord\u2019s Day) d\u00e0nh cho Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. V\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ch, Didache (Ca. 120) (&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch \u00dd Ch\u1ec9 T\u00edn L\u00fd&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ng\u00e0y Lord\u2019s Day l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa; v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Justin (Ca. 150) c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y\u201cSunday.\u201d&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u1eeb \u201cSunday\u201d (Ng\u00e0y M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi) xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy-l\u1ea1p. H\u1ecd theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ec7: m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 5 h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 thu nh\u1eadp ni\u00ean l\u1ecbch n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt; , \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa d\u00f9 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft b\u1edb d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng mang s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng cho h\u1ecd. Do \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf B\u1eafc Phi (n\u01a1i Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Polycap l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c) v\u00e0 trong thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba La-m\u00e3, n\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0y The Lord\u2019s Day tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y Sunday (Ca. 150 AD) theo l\u1ecbch La-m\u00e3.&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u0169ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt;, ng\u00e0y th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Sunday, l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t trong tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o: (1) Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft; (2) l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3, (3) v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean. C\u1ea3 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7! Th\u1eadt ra, ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa (Lord\u2019s Day). D\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t chung d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa. C\u00f3 th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd vui l\u00f2ng (kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y (Sa-b\u00e1t) ho\u1eb7c Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt (Sunday). Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u2013 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi huy\u1ebft tha t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. N\u1ebfu th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Cha mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lords-day\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lords-day\/\" >Lord\u2019s Day<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lord\u2019s Prayer&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n C\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n m\u1eabu m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 khi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p \u1edf Mathi\u01a1 6:9-13 v\u00e0 \u1edf Luca 11:2-4. B\u00e0i m\u1eabu n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau: (1) T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft; (2) S\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, (3) theo \u00fd Ch\u00faa cho, (4) Xin Ch\u00faa tha t\u1ed9i, (5) xin Ch\u00faa th\u00eam s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, (6) C\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n trong danh Ch\u00faa Jesus. Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng b\u00e0i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n chung (Lord\u2019s Prayer) n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea5t l\u1ec5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n\/ \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb khi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng phong tr\u00e0o th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi th\u1ee9c (&lt;em&gt;liturgical worship&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nay. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u00e0i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n chung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y. Trong HT, \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i \u201cC\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n Chung\u201d h\u00e1t \u201cT\u00f4n Vinh v\u00e0 Ch\u00fac Ph\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d l\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5t l\u1ec5, l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5. Th\u1eadt ra, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i CN.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lords-prayer\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lords-prayer\/\" >Lord\u2019s Prayer<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lord\u2019s Supper&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, B\u1eefa \u0102n C\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eefa \u0103n sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111em \u0111i x\u1eed \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh. Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Tin L\u00e0nh) ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef hai l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh: (1) L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem, v\u00e0 (2) L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh c\u00f2n C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn 7 l\u1ec5. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\n- &lt;em&gt;\u00dd Ngh\u0129a Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;: S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4, h\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft, \u00f4ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 l\u1ec5 tr\u00ean. \u00d4ng ch\u00e9p y l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u1edf Ma-thi-\u01a1 26:26-29, I Cor. 13:23-29 v\u00e0 \u1edf R\u00f4-ma 5-6, V\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Symbolism) v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 sau: (1) L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft (s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn) \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 v\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta, (2) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ta kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean \u0111i ra&lt;em&gt; \u201crao truy\u1ec1n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d; (3) s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n- &lt;em&gt;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00e1ch C\u1eef L\u1ec5&lt;\/em&gt;: M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh ch\u0103n b\u1ea7y hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eed l\u1ec5 v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean v\u1edbi nghi th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ban n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1nh sau.&lt;br \/&gt;\n- &lt;em&gt;\u00dd Ngh\u0129a \u201cTh\u00e2n &amp; Huy\u1ebft.\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng \u201cth\u00e2n &amp; huy\u1ebft\u201d \u2013 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ebfn-Th\u1ec3-Th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (transubstantiation) ngay khi ban l\u1ec5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lutheran tin r\u1eb1ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;hi\u1ec7n-th\u1ec3-th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (consub-stantiation) trong khi ban l\u1ec5. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Calvin hay Zwingli th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt; (Sym-bolism) c\u1ee7a huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft thay cho ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u00e0y nay, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 c\u1eed l\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung) c\u1eed l\u1ec5 m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng, m\u1ed7i ba th\u00e1ng hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea5t l\u1ec5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lords-supper\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lords-supper\/\" >Lord\u2019s Supper<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Love&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, S\u1ef1 Y\u00eau Th\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;agap\u00e9&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 hai t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c &lt;em&gt;philea&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;er\u00f3s&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;philea&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nam n\u1eef, th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, y\u00eau th\u00edch, v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;er\u00f3s &lt;\/em&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, tham mu\u1ed1n. C\u00f2n &lt;em&gt;agap\u00e9&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, qu\u00ed m\u1ebfn, hy sinh v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n mong cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh y\u00eau h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u00a0lo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 250 l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng cao c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau con ng\u01b0\u1eddi:&lt;br \/&gt;\nTo\u00e0n c\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn danh x\u01b0ng \u0110CT, t\u1eeb \u201cy\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb g\u00f3i g\u00e9m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0110CT mu\u1ed1n b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n- M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110CT sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u0110CT nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng v\u00ec \u201cy\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0110CT, qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau (Gi\u0103ng 3:16).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n- \u201cT\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng sao di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i \u00edch k\u1ef7, cho d\u00f9 trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau cha con, m\u1ec7 con, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, nam n\u1eef. Nh\u01b0ng \u201ct\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110CT \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u0110CT v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb bao dung v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n tha th\u1ee9. V\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0110CT l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u0129nh c\u1eefu th\u00ec t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng v\u0129nh c\u1eefu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (I Cor. 13:13).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n- B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u, \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn \u201ct\u00ecnh y\u00eau\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110CT kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u00e2n v\u1ecb\u201d. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110CT l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Nh\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y y\u00eau nhau. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ai kh\u00f4ng \u201cy\u00eau\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c anh em m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0110CT (I Gi\u0103ng 4:7-10).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nCu\u1ed1i c\u0169ng, \u201cT\u00ecnh y\u00eau agap\u00e9\u201d l\u00e0 \u2013 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, - m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, - m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, qua s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, - m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n\u2026 cho d\u00f9 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u1eefa\u2026 (Gi\u0103ng 3:16; I Cor. 13:13; Gal. 5:1; Ephe. 5; I Gi\u0103ng 4: 7-10).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/love\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/love\/\" >Love<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Love Feast&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1eefa Ti\u1ec7c Y\u00eau Th\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i, t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1ed3i quanh c\u00e1c b\u00e0n \u0103n; sau l\u1ec5 t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u00f3 b\u1eefa \u0103n chung, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 r\u1eefa ch\u00e2n cho nhau. \u00a0B\u1eefa \u0103n \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cLove Feast\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a HT \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, sau khi Ch\u00faa th\u0103ng thi\u00ean. Trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng Vu ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2, sau ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u1eefa \u0103n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;breaking the bread\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (l\u1ec5 b\u1ebb b\u00e1nh), t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed HT cho bi\u1ebft, L\u1ec5 B\u1ebb B\u00e1nh, sau n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Love Feast. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c L\u1ec5 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Jesus nh\u01b0 L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Khi \u0111ang \u0103n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa J\u00easus l\u1ea5y b\u00e1nh, t\u1ea1 \u01a1n, \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ebb ra trao cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3, m\u00e0 ph\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng: H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y, n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ta\u2026.\u201d\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt; (Mac 14:22tt). C\u00f3 s\u00e1ch ch\u00e9p, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Sau khi b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i xong, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u1ea5y b\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;t\u1ea1 \u01a1n Ch\u00faa, r\u1ed3i b\u1ebb ra, trao cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3\u2026\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e3i sau n\u00e0y \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp, trong c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m Nhi\u1ec7m (Metho-dish). Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf cao tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/love-feast\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/love-feast\/\" >Love Feast<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Love of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi &lt;strong&gt;Mercy of God&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00ecnh Y\u00eau \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hy sinh v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 Ch\u00faa (Gi\u0103ng 3:16; I Gi\u0103ng 4:8, 16). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 - &lt;em&gt;\u00e1h\u00e9b&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 trong b\u1ea3n LXX: &lt;em&gt;ahabah&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/love-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/love-of-god\/\" >Love of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lovingkindness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Nh\u00e2n T\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc (&lt;em&gt;steadfast love&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Trong ti\u1ebfng Heb. &lt;em&gt;hes\u00e9d&lt;\/em&gt; (unfailing love). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng 250 l\u1ea7n trong kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, v\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ch Thi Thi\u00ean chi\u1ebfm 125 l\u1ea7n. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh y\u00eau n\u00e0y su\u1ed1t kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (Xu\u1ea5t 34:6; Ph\u1ee5c 7:12; D\u00e2n 14:18; Gi\u00f4-\u00ean 2:13; Thi 86:5, 15) v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i, tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n tha th\u1ee9, c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 hy sinh qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lovingkindness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lovingkindness\/\" >Lovingkindness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Low Criticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea9m V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Th\u1ea5p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/low-criticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/low-criticism\/\" >Low Criticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Low Mass&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bu\u1ed5i L\u1ec5 Th\u1ea5p H\u00e8n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 sau bu\u1ed5i L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh (ch\u1ec9 ca h\u00e1t) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. Ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n &lt;em&gt;Low Mass&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/low-mass\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/low-mass\/\" >Low Mass<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Low Sunday&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Th\u1ea5p H\u00e8n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i L\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt sau L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. Sau Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vatican II (1962-65), bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh, Tu\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 II.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/low-sunday\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/low-sunday\/\" >Low Sunday<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lown Criticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00ea B\u00ecnh V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Th\u1ea5p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi &lt;strong&gt;Higher Criticism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00ea B\u00ecnh V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Cao&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, trong th\u1eddi lu\u1eadn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh quy\u1ec3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh theo nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. Higher Criticism d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. C\u00f2n Lown Criticism d\u00e0nh cho n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sai bi\u1ec7t b\u00ean trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ho\u00e1, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. Do \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng L\u1eddi Kinh Th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng tin h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lown-criticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lown-criticism\/\" >Lown Criticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lucifer&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ean Qu\u1ef7 V\u01b0\u01a1ng Lucifer&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00ean Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong h\u00e0ng thi\u00ean s\u1ee9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong thi\u00ean cung. B\u1edfi v\u00ec thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, mu\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecbch, n\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111u\u1ed5i ra kh\u1ecfi thi\u00ean cung, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Lucifer \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, chi\u00eau d\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ch\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ef9 do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 gian \u00e1c, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u1edf \u00ca-sai 14:12-14 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00f4i Sao Mai S\u00e1ng Ch\u00f3i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Lucifer: Ng\u00f4i Sao S\u00e1ng), trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sa-tan (Khai 12:7-9), k\u1ebb \u00e1c, k\u1ebb n\u00f3i l\u00e1o (I Timothy), s\u1ef1 t\u1eed r\u1ed1ng (I Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 5:8).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lucifer\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lucifer\/\" >Lucifer<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lust&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u1ee5c V\u1ecdng, Nh\u1ee5c D\u1ee5c, Th\u00e8m Mu\u1ed1n Th\u1ec3 X\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n. Th\u1eadt ra, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc theo ti\u1ebfng Heb. (1) &lt;em&gt;Nepe\u00f2&lt;\/em&gt; (d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng) (Xu\u1ea5t 5:9; Thi 78:18); (2) &lt;em&gt;S\u00e9rirut&lt;\/em&gt; (stubboness: c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p). (Thi 78:30); (4) &lt;em&gt;H\u00e0mad&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00f2ng tham mu\u1ed1n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p (Ch\u00e2m 6:25); (5) &lt;em&gt;\u00c1gab&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00f2ng th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng (Exe. 23:7, 9, 12; Gi\u00ea. 4:30). V\u00e0 trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169ng v\u1eady, (1) &lt;em&gt;epithymia&lt;\/em&gt;: d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, mong mu\u1ed1n; (2)&lt;em&gt; epithyme\u00f2&lt;\/em&gt;, (vb) tham d\u1ee5c, mong; (3) &lt;em&gt;h\u00e9don\u00e9&lt;\/em&gt;, tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n, kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c; (4) &lt;em&gt;oreg\u00f3&lt;\/em&gt;, th\u1ecfa l\u1ea1c, k\u1ef3 \u01b0\u1edbc; (5)&lt;em&gt; pathos&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c, l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 3 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch cho t\u1eeb n\u00e0y: l\u00f2ng tham mu\u1ed1n, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, say m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm \u0111u\u1ed1i trong nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c. C\u1ea3 3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u1eadu \u00fd x\u1ea5u xa, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lust\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lust\/\" >Lust<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Luther, Martin (1483 \u2013 1546)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Luther, Martin&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;1483 \u2013 1546&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tu s\u0129 Martin Luther l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o sang C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o (Tin l\u00e0nh). \u00d4ng xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho con \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao. H\u1ecd g\u1edfi \u00f4ng v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ratschule \u1edf Mansfield, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cathedral \u1edf Magdeburg, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1i Anh Em (Brothers) v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng. \u00d4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Erfurt, BA, 1502 v\u00e0 Cao H\u1ecdc, MA, 1505, v\u00e0 theo l\u1eddi cha d\u1ea1y, \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc xong b\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec cha m\u1ea5t; do \u0111\u00f3, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng l\u1eadp l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng tu \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong d\u00f2ng tu, \u00f4ng c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;theology&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1ea1i Erfurt. N\u0103m 1508, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1edfi \u0111i d\u1ea1y \u1edf Wittenberg v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc cho xong v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1510-11, Luther \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i Rome, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0i c\u1ea3nh tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1o cho \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. N\u0103m 1511, v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc xong v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10, 1512. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ecbch Khoa Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong khi d\u1ea1y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1512 \u2013 1517, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t qua vi\u1ec7c tu h\u00e0nh, x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i, t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tu\u2026 So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n, s\u1ef1 Tha Th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh (&lt;em&gt;Justifi-cation&lt;\/em&gt;) qua \u0111\u1ee9c tin, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (&lt;em&gt;Sola fide&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1517 \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft l\u00ean 95 \u0111i\u1ec1u Tu Ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (Protestant, &lt;em&gt;Tin L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1518, nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan truy\u1ec1n ra kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c. Th\u00e1ng 4\/1518 \u00f4ng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf Heidelburg. Th\u00e1ng 8\/1518, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i gi\u1ea3ng sai, \u0111i sai gi\u00e1o l\u00ed (charge of heresy). Th\u00e1ng 7\/1519 \u1edf Leipzig tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u1ed9 v\u1edbi \u0110o\u00e0n H\u1ed3ng Y Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Sau l\u1ea7n tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa n\u00ean vi\u1ebft ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ni\u1ec1m tin cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ee9c. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Address to the Christian&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d\u00a0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Nobitity of the German Nation&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Babylonian Captivity of the Church&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Freedom of the Christian Man&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d C\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o th\u00eam cho \u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1ebf v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n D\u1ee9t Ph\u00e9p Hi\u1ec7p Th\u00f4ng (Excom-munication) v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang, 1521. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f2a gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Vatican \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. L\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, sau &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Diet of Worm&lt;\/em&gt;, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee9u tho\u00e1t nguy, \u0111em \u0111i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i \u1edf Wartburg. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/luther-martin-1483-1546\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/luther-martin-1483-1546\/\" >Luther, Martin (1483 \u2013 1546)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lutheranism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Luther&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Martin Luther sau cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo l\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Kinh. T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t g\u1ed3m 3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sau: &lt;em&gt;Sola Scriptura&lt;\/em&gt; (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh), &lt;em&gt;Sola Gratia&lt;\/em&gt; (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Sola File&lt;\/em&gt; (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin). T\u1eeb ba quy\u1ebft t\u00edn \u0111\u00f3, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft th\u00eam l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a M. Luther, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Protestants&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u1ec1 sau ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (&lt;em&gt;Reform&lt;\/em&gt;), s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c m\u1edbi sau n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o (&lt;em&gt;Presbyterian&lt;\/em&gt;), Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;Methodism&lt;\/em&gt;), Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i B\u00e1p-t\u00edt (&lt;em&gt;Baptist)&lt;\/em&gt; v.v\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lutheranism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lutheranism\/\" >Lutheranism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;LXX&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch 70&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, do s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Vua Alexandria The Great. Vua tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp 70 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i (Helennist), trong 70 ng\u00e0y, d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 sang ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Septuagint Version (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch LXX, 70&lt;\/em&gt;), kho\u1ea3ng 250 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 Vua Alexandria The Great (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ebf A-l\u1ecbch-s\u01a1n&lt;\/em&gt;) trong th\u1eddi Hy-l\u1ea1p \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c Th\u1ecbnh H\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. M\u1ecdi v\u0103n ho\u00e1 tinh tu\u00fd, c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef. Kinh Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Scripture, Torah)&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. V\u00ec m\u00e3nh t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy-l\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm ng\u1ef1 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 La-m\u00e3. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c La-m\u00e3 sau n\u00e0y th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn 500 n\u0103m sau.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lxx\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lxx\/\" >LXX<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Lyons, Councils of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Lyon&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Lyon \u1edf Ph\u00e1p (1245) t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; do c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chung c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Innocert IV. Trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m: (1) V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n, phi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Frederick II (Hy-l\u1ea1p), (2) \u00c2m m\u01b0u ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Hy-l\u1ea1p ri\u00eang ra. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Lyons, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1275 do Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gregory X tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp, trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111em s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Hy-l\u1ea1p, v\u00ec e s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Hy-l\u1ea1p \u1edf Constantinnople.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lyons-councils-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/lyons-councils-of\/\" >Lyons, Councils of<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-m mix\" data-filter-base=\"m\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">M<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;MacDonald, Georg (1824 \u2013 1905)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MacDonald, Georg&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;1824 \u2013 1905&lt;\/em&gt;)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scott. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Scotland, h\u1ecdc \u1edf King\u2019s College, Aberdecn v\u00e0 Highbury Theological Seminary, Lon-don. \u00d4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u0103m 1851, cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang Ba Ng\u00f4i (Trinity Congregation Church). Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00e9p t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c, \u00f4ng d\u1eddi v\u1ec1 Manchester, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft v\u0103n th\u01a1. C\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng trong ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. \u00d4ng d\u1eddi c\u01b0 qua M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 1872 \u2013 1903. \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 5 t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc: \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Hope of the Gospel\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1892), \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Miracles of Our Lord.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1870), v\u00e0 ba lo\u1ea1t t\u1eadp \u201c&lt;em&gt;Unspoken Sermons\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1867, 1885, 1889). T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t ra t\u1eeb suy t\u01b0, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u00d4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Calvin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 th\u01a1 v\u0103n \u0110\u1ee9c. V\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. T\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh, \u0111em tha nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 Cha. S\u1ef1 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i (atonement) qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh qua ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb l\u00e0m con, v\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/macdonald-georg-1824-1905\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/macdonald-georg-1824-1905\/\" >MacDonald, Georg (1824 \u2013 1905)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Macedonianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Mac-ce-do&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u00f9ng Mac-ce-do \u0111i theo Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Arian c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Constan-tinnople (c. 362), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u00e0 Linh Th\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa trong ba ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. C\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Pneuma-tomachi&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/macedonianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/macedonianism\/\" >Macedonianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Machen John Gresham (1881 \u2013 1937)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Machen John Gresham&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;1881 \u2013 1937&lt;\/em&gt;)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n gia Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. \u00d4ng sinh ra \u1edf Baltimore trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o. \u00d4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u1ea1ng danh d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Hopkins, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Hy-l\u1ea1p n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt B.L. Gildersleeve. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Princeton, h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 danh ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 W. Patton, Vos v\u00e0 R.D. Wilson. Trong khi h\u1ecdc n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng Princeton, \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng trong Princeton Theological Review, l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;A Critical Discussion of NT Account of the Virgin Birth of Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p 1905, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sang \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Marburg v\u00e0 Gottingen. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft t\u1ef1 do, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m tin v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng S\u1eed H\u1ecdc Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nN\u0103m 1906, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y \u1edf Princeton trong khoa T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn 1915. Trong khi d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 uy\u00ean b\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, v\u00ec phong tr\u00e0o th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 do b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t trong th\u1eddi th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn I. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Princeton \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng, bu\u1ed9c \u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u1ec1 Philadelphia, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi Westininster Seminary \u1edf Philadelphia, 1929. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 6\/11\/1936, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ra th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Presbyterian Church of America (&lt;em&gt;Orthodox Preby-terian Church&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn nay trong ni\u1ec1m tin b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nS\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Origin of Paul\u2019s Religion\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1921), \u201c&lt;em&gt;New Testament Greek For \u00a0\u00a0The Beginners\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1923). \u201c&lt;em&gt;Christianity and Liberalism\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1923); \u201c&lt;em&gt;What is Faith&lt;\/em&gt;?\u201d (1925); \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Virgin Birth Of Christ&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1927); \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Christian Faith In The Modern World&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1936). Hai s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0: \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Attach Upon Princeton Seminary&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 &lt;em&gt;Aplea for Fair Play\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1927) and \u201c&lt;em&gt;Moder-nism and The Board of Foreign Mission\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1933). Machen \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp hai \u0111\u1eb7c san \u201c&lt;em&gt;Christianity Today&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Presbyterian Guardian&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (t\u1edd sau ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua). Machen qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1937, trong khi \u0111i gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf North Dakota.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/machen-john-gresham-1881-1937\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/machen-john-gresham-1881-1937\/\" >Machen John Gresham (1881 \u2013 1937)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mackintosh, Hugh Ross (1870 \u2013 1936)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mackintosh, Hugh Ross&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;1870 \u2013 1936&lt;\/em&gt;)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scott. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Paisley, t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u01b0u h\u1ea1ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Edingburg, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Marburg. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 \u1edf H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Scott cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;Systematic Theology&lt;\/em&gt;) \u1edf New College, Edingburg, 1904. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m theo phong tr\u00e0o ph\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf th\u1ebf dung h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa Anh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00f4ng d\u1ecbch s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ritschl v\u00e0 Schleiermacher. T\u00e1i tu b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Christianity&lt;\/em&gt;) trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. S\u00e1ch \u00f4ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: \u201c&lt;em&gt;The&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Christian Experience of Forgiveness&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Doctrine of The Person of Christ&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Types of Modern Theo-logy&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mackintosh-hugh-ross-1870-1936\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mackintosh-hugh-ross-1870-1936\/\" >Mackintosh, Hugh Ross (1870 \u2013 1936)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Madonna&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u00e0ng (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1eb9p) Ma-do-na&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u00dd l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;my lady&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i). T\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho C\u00f4 Trinh N\u1eef Mary. L\u00e0 ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c tranh \u00dd \u2013 C\u00f4 Mary v\u1edbi h\u00e0i nhi Jesus, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f4n k\u00ednh trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (v\u1ebd tranh, kh\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc) t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 10&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/madonna\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/madonna\/\" >Madonna<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Magi&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o S\u0129 Magi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Hyl.&lt;em&gt; magoi&lt;\/em&gt; (sage) Wise Persons. Danh x\u01b0ng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c g\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, chi\u00eam tinh gia ng\u00e0nh thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 theo sao l\u1ea1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecm Jesus con tr\u1ebb sinh \u1edf L\u00e0ng B\u00ea-lem \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Math. 2: 1-12). Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan, h\u1ecdc gi\u00e3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Babylon, v\u00ec ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba;\u00a0 v\u00ec v\u1eady, ngay sau khi \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c Babylon b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t s\u0169ng, h\u1ecd lui v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng \u1ea9n \u0111\u1eadt, t\u00ecm \u0111am m\u00ea trong ng\u00e0nh thi\u00ean v\u0103n. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh thi\u00ean v\u0103n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh sao tr\u1eddi, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khoa m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/magi\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/magi\/\" >Magi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Magis Ferium&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;magister\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 (master) (Ch\u1ee7, Th\u1ea7y, S\u01b0 ph\u1ee5).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/magis-ferium\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/magis-ferium\/\" >Magis Ferium<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Magisterial Reformation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch H\u1ee3p Ph\u00e1p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n (\u0111\u0103ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Radical Reformation&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u2013 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/magisterial-reformation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/magisterial-reformation\/\" >Magisterial Reformation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Magnificat&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n Vinh Ch\u00fac T\u1ee5ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Magnificat Anima Mea&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;My Soul Magnifies&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (linh h\u1ed3n con hi\u1ec3n vinh vui th\u1ecfa) l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ca E-li-za-beth khi g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ma-ry m\u1eb9 Jesus \u0111ang khi c\u00f2n mang thai. (Luca 1:46). Ch\u00ednh C\u00f4 E-li-za-beth \u0111\u00e3 ca t\u1ee5ng, x\u00e1c minh C\u00f4 Ma-ry l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/magnificat\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/magnificat\/\" >Magnificat<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mainline\/ Maintream Chur-ches&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Tin L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i Duy Nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. N\u00f3i chung, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh l\u1edbn nh\u01b0: Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed, B\u00e1p-t\u00edt, Lu-the-ran, Anh Gi\u00e1o, Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mainline-maintream-chur-ches\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mainline-maintream-chur-ches\/\" >Mainline\/ Maintream Chur-ches<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Majoristic Controversy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tranh Lu\u1eadn Major&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c theo Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7c L\u00e0m C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther, qua M. Luther. S\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i ch\u1ec9 qua \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (Eph. 2:8). Nh\u01b0ng Georg Major (1502 \u2013 1574) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/majoristic-controversy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/majoristic-controversy\/\" >Majoristic Controversy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Maker\/ Creator&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o D\u1ef1ng, \/\/ S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o D\u1ef1ng, \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong b\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng, \u201cI believe in God \u2026 Maker of Heaven and Earth\u201d (Sang 1:1). Th\u1eadt ra, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u201c&lt;em&gt;I \u2026 the Creator of Heaven and Earth\u201d.&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Creator&lt;\/em&gt; (ddt) v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;create &lt;\/em&gt;(Heb. &lt;em&gt;bara&lt;\/em&gt;) ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 5 l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd (c\u00e2u 1, 21 v\u00e0 c\u00e2u 27 (3 l\u1ea7n). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m \u00fd ngh\u0129a: \u0110CT l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 c\u00f3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/maker-creator\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/maker-creator\/\" >Maker\/ Creator<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Malediction&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;R\u1ee7a S\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u1eeb La-tin &lt;em&gt;Curse &lt;\/em&gt;(nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Benediction&lt;\/em&gt; (ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y, \u00edt d\u00f9ng trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Curse&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00ec d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 t\u1eeb A-na-them (Gal. 1:9), t\u1eeb n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i khi d\u00f9ng bao g\u1ed3m \u00fd kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, kh\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/malediction\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/malediction\/\" >Malediction<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Man, Doctrine of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o L\u00ed Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qua lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:&lt;br \/&gt;\n(1) &lt;em&gt;Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Theo Thuy\u1ebft Ti\u1ebfn H\u00f3a&lt;\/em&gt;. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, Charles Darwin m\u1edbi cho ra \u0111\u1eddi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Origine of the Species&lt;\/em&gt; (1845) (Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c C\u00e1c Lo\u00e0i). Qua quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, Darwin cho r\u1eb1ng (qua nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u) con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1eeb con V\u01b0\u1ee3n Apes qua h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 n\u0103m. Khoa H\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 chia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ra l\u00e0m hai Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i. Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i: (1) &lt;em&gt;homo erectus, &lt;\/em&gt;t\u1eeb 2 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m \u2013 25.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc (&lt;em&gt;con v\u1eadt \u0111i th\u1eb3ng l\u01b0ng&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 con V\u01b0\u1ee3n Apes \u0111i b\u1eb1ng 4 c\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111i th\u1eb3ng l\u01b0ng l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u00e2n sau, v\u00e0 hai ch\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh hai tay. (2) &lt;em&gt;homo sapience&lt;\/em&gt; (con v\u1eadt c\u00f3 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n), t\u1eeb 25,000 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u2013 10 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt do kh\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i b\u1eb1ng 2 ch\u00e2n, ng\u1ef1c u\u1edfn ra, th\u1eb3ng l\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. N\u1ebfu C. Darwin t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00f3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;m\u1eabu x\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u00ec gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u201cm\u1eabu x\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng qian\u201d gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u1ee3n Apes. Nh\u01b0ng qua nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Harvard, Princeton, Stanford t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. D\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng, trong gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong kho\u1ea3ng 150 ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;br \/&gt;\n(2) &lt;em&gt;Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Theo S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;. Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u00f5, l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u201c\u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn\u201d (qua l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (ri\u00eang) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u2013 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o ra v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t. Theo nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 6 sau c\u00f9ng (v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec (lo\u00e0i n\u00e0o) kh\u00e1c). \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1edf v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (S\u00e1ng 1:27). Khi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, Ng\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, l\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n th\u00eam, v\u00e0 ch\u0103m nom nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. V\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn).&lt;\/em&gt; Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho nhau?!! Th\u1eadt ra, Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft (x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn) r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban s\u01a1 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec b\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi d\u1eb7n b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sai l\u1ea7m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. L\u1eddi kinh v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1n b\u1ea3o A-dam, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1edb \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u1ea5m \u1edf gi\u1eefa v\u01b0\u1eddn (c\u00e2y s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft), v\u00ec khi \u0103n ch\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Sau \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe theo &lt;em&gt;Sa-tan&lt;\/em&gt; d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u0102n xong, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean, bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft; v\u00e0 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c, kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u2013 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sai \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;br \/&gt;\n(3) &lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng C\u1ed1t C\u00e1ch T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;: N\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd b\u00e0n sau \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0: - &lt;em&gt;Linh H\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;: Linh h\u1ed3n do t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho qua h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea5y b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u1eafm l\u00ean h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i th\u1edf v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y, r\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t sanh linh \u2013 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 2 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y: (1) Th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c k\u00e8m v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u00ed suy ngh\u0129, (2) Linh h\u1ed3n b\u00ean trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e8m v\u1edbi t\u00e2m linh (S\u00e1ng. 2:17tt - 3:1tt). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n linh (soul). V\u00ec th\u1ebf, theo Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc Ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1. &lt;em&gt;Soul&lt;\/em&gt; (linh h\u1ed3n\/ sinh linh) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;. Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn linh (soul), v\u00ec th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i (Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o 12) c\u00f2n sinh linh (soul) tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a. Do \u0111\u00f3, linh h\u1ed3n ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m (th\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea1t) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n(4) &lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u1ef1 Do&lt;\/em&gt;: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi khi t\u1ea1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u2013 t\u1ed1t, x\u1ea5u, s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ebft, thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c. B\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y \u201cr\u00f4-b\u00f4\u201d b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ed1i linh \u2013 c\u00f3 suy t\u01b0, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eeba ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/man-doctrine-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/man-doctrine-of\/\" >Man, Doctrine of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Manna&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e1nh, B\u00e1nh Tuy\u1ebft, b\u00e1nh Ma-na&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Heb. &lt;em&gt;man&lt;\/em&gt;, ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;manna&lt;\/em&gt;, d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t b\u00e1nh &lt;em&gt;ma-na&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 b\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi \u1edf C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4, khi d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111i trong Sa m\u1ea1c thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p &lt;em&gt;b\u00e1nh ma-na&lt;\/em&gt; v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y cho h\u1ecd g\u1ea7n 40 n\u0103m (b\u00e1nh c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng m\u1ec1m, ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng trong ng\u00e0y) (Xu\u1ea5t 16:4-36; D\u00e2n 11:4-9). Trong Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Jesus n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c&lt;em&gt;b\u00e1nh h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 6:31 -65) v\u00e0 \u1edf Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh (I Cor. 10:3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/manna\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/manna\/\" >Manna<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Manuscripts of the Bible&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh Th\u1ee7 B\u1ea3n, Kinh Vi\u1ebft Tay, Kinh Th\u1ee7 Sao&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft\/ copy l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng tay c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, khi sao y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i v\u0103n th\u1ec3 hay ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng (wording).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/manuscripts-of-the-bible\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/manuscripts-of-the-bible\/\" >Manuscripts of the Bible<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Maranatha&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, Xin H\u00e3y \u0110\u1ebfn Mau&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng A-ram di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;L\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, xin h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn mau&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (I Cor. 16:22). T\u1eeb c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng trong \u00fd t\u00f4n vinh, ng\u1ee3i ca Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/maranatha\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/maranatha\/\" >Maranatha<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Marburg Articles (1529)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Marburg, 1529&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Sau cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. T\u1ea1i Marburg h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng k\u00fd b\u1ea3n t\u00edn l\u00ed chung gi\u1eefa M. Luther, P. Melanchthon v\u1edbi H. Zwing, J. Oecolampadius, v\u00e0 M. Bucer tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Saxon v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129. Nh\u01b0ng ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec Zwing \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi Luther v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed hi\u1ec7n-th\u1ec3-th\u1eadt (consub-stantiation) th\u00e2n v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Zwing \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/marburg-articles-1529\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/marburg-articles-1529\/\" >Marburg Articles (1529)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Marcionism\/ Marcionties&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Marcion&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Marcion (c. 160), ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc (Gospel of Curse) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc (Gospel of Love). Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi (th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c). V\u1eady th\u00ec, C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u01b0 Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o \u2013 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (M\u00e9t-sia) ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u2026 Nh\u00ecn r\u00f5, Marcion \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111em t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt;. Marcion v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf La-m\u00e3 th\u1edd b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd d\u1ee9t ph\u00e9p th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng (144. AD).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/marcionism-marcionties\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/marcionism-marcionties\/\" >Marcionism\/ Marcionties<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mariolatry&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Th\u1edd B\u00e0 Ma-ry&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Lat. &lt;em&gt;latria&lt;\/em&gt; (worship, th\u1edd k\u00ednh), m\u1eb9 Ch\u00faa Jesus. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, C\u00f4 Ma-ry \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd. Sau n\u00e0y, th\u1eddi gian Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Ephesus 431, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed C\u00f4 Mary m\u1eb9 Ch\u00faa (&lt;em&gt;Theotokos&lt;\/em&gt;), r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; - C\u00f4 Mary \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi, th\u0103ng thi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;Assumption&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u2013 C\u00f4 Mary v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec3m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Jesus (&lt;em&gt;Mediatrix of all Grace and Co-Redemptress&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Vatican II (1962), ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e1c t\u00edn, Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng C\u00f4 Ma-ri ngang h\u00e0ng hay cao h\u01a1n Ch\u00faa Jesus - M\u1eb9 Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Ri\u00eang b\u00ean c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, Tin L\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed tr\u00ean. Ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4 Ma-ry l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 Ch\u00faa Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mariolatry\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mariolatry\/\" >Mariolatry<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mariology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u00f4n Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Mari&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 C\u00f4 Mary m\u1eb9 Ch\u00faa Jesus, \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Mary.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mariology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mariology\/\" >Mariology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mark, Theology of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a M\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ef1c minh t\u1ecf, m\u1ed7i s\u00e1ch trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc bao h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch &lt;em&gt;(hay c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3)&lt;\/em&gt;.\u00a0 S\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m M\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu khi ch\u00fang ta nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch M\u00e1c: Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eed gia v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia. S\u1eed gia v\u00ec h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft l\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch: (1) &lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;. S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 M\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi &lt;em&gt;(The Gospel of Jesus Christ, Son of God)&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a M\u00e1c, \u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb \u1ea5y tr\u1edf n\u00ean Vua C\u1ee9u Tinh (Messiahnic King) (15:32). Trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy quy\u1ec1n Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u1ef7, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o... (1:23-25, 34; 3:11-12; 1:40-44, 5:43; 7:36; 8:26; 8:30; 9:9). (2) &lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y Ph\u00e1n X\u00e9t.&lt;\/em&gt; \u00d4ng c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. N\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n cho ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa (8:33; 13:26; 14: 62). (3) &lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec1n N\u0103ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;. Ch\u00faa Jesus khi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, Ng\u00e0i t\u1ecf ra quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. T\u1eeb &quot;&lt;em&gt;Power&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n 47 % trong 10 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u201c&lt;em&gt;Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. (4) S\u1ef1 &lt;em&gt;K\u00eau G\u1ecdi &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0&lt;em&gt; \u0110\u00e0o T\u1ea1o M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ec7.&lt;\/em&gt; M\u00e1c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus, v\u00e0 k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng theo m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean &quot;tay l\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi&quot; (1:15; 3:7; 3:3-19: 8:31-10:52). \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng S\u00e1ch M\u00e1c vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc S\u00e1ch Ma-thi-\u01a1 v\u00e0 Lu-ca. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec S\u00e1ch M\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u00ec 75% ghi l\u1ea1i trong s\u00e1ch Mathio v\u00e0 55% trong s\u00e1ch Lu-ca.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mark-theology-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mark-theology-of\/\" >Mark, Theology of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Markan Hypotasis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ea3 Thuy\u1ebft M\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u00fac \u00c2m theo M\u00e1c l\u00e0 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a 4 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/markan-hypotasis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/markan-hypotasis\/\" >Markan Hypotasis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Maronites&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maron&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00edn H\u1eefu Tin L\u00e0nh Leban \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111i theo \u00f4ng Maro (350 \u2013 433). V\u1ec1 sau h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o s\u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a John Maron. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Monothelites (Jesus Duy Thi\u00ean T\u00ednh). H\u1ecd b\u1ecb d\u1ee9t ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 680 \u1edf Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Constantinople III. V\u1ec1 sau th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o S\u1edf Antioch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/maronites\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/maronites\/\" >Maronites<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Martyr&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Hyl. &lt;em&gt;martyr&lt;\/em&gt;, witness, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng (nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng) cho ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft cho ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, khi Stephen (\u00ca-ti\u00ean), ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft v\u00ec l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb n\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd (C\u00f4ng 7:59). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao th\u00e0nh \u201c&lt;em&gt;baptism in the blood&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem trong d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft), cho nh\u1eefng ai v\u00ec danh \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ m\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7, - &lt;strong&gt;Martyrology&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Tu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc &lt;\/em&gt;hay&lt;em&gt; L\u1ecbch S\u1eed T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;). \u2013 &lt;strong&gt;Martyrium &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;),&lt;\/strong&gt; h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh x\u00e2y tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ea5m m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/martyr\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/martyr\/\" >Martyr<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Martyrium&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh x\u00e2y tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ea5m m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/martyrium\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/martyrium\/\" >Martyrium<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Martyrology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc &lt;\/em&gt;hay&lt;em&gt; L\u1ecbch S\u1eed T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/martyrology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/martyrology\/\" >Martyrology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mary, The Blessed Virgin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trinh N\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea1nh Mary&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Mary ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 sanh ra Jesus.Trong C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 4 l\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u00ean (S\u00e1ng 3:15; Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi 31:22; Mi-ch\u00ea 5:2-3 v\u00e0 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t \u1edf Esai 1:14). C\u00f2n trong T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc, trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed (Ph\u00fac \u00c2m) \u0111\u00e3 ghi r\u00f5 t\u00ean v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Mary. (Math 1:18-21; Luc 1: 29&lt;strong&gt;tt; &lt;\/strong&gt;2:5; Mac 6:4 v\u00e0 Gi\u0103ng 2,19) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi N\u1eef \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a T\u00edn H\u1eefu Tin L\u00e0nh: (1) Mang thai b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u00e0 sinh Ch\u00faa Jesus, (2) S\u0103n s\u00f3c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, (3) C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa ch\u0103m s\u00f3c l\u1ea1i, (4) \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi ch\u1ecb h\u1ecd E-li-za-b\u00e9t (Luc. 1:39tt); (5) Giao cho John ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft (Gi\u0103ng 14:15-22). C\u00f2n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec th\u00eam cho r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m Nguy\u00ean T\u1ed9i (kh\u00f4ng mang \u201ct\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft\u201d chung v\u1edbi A-dam); v\u00e0 l\u00e0 N\u1eef \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng thi\u00ean, l\u00e0 M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 l\u00e0 M\u1eb9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. &lt;em&gt;(C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0o h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mary-the-blessed-virgin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mary-the-blessed-virgin\/\" >Mary, The Blessed Virgin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mass Evengelism\/ Crusades&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mass-evengelism-crusades\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mass-evengelism-crusades\/\" >Mass Evengelism\/ Crusades<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Master&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa, Th\u1ea7y, Ch\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. \u0110a s\u1ed1 d\u00f9ng \u1edf T\u01af l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y (&lt;em&gt;Ra-bi&lt;\/em&gt;), C\u01af g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7, Ch\u00faa (lord). Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, t\u1eeb LORD (l\u00ean hoa) th\u1ebf ch\u1eef Yahweh. &lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lord&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/master\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/master\/\" >Master<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Materialism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Duy V\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Plato, khi Tri\u1ebft Gia Plato v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd duy l\u00ed &lt;em&gt;(idealism)&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 sau, tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong Th\u1eddi B\u1eebng S\u00e1ng (&lt;em&gt;Enlightenment&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy trong Th\u1eddi Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i (&lt;em&gt;modernism&lt;\/em&gt;). Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed Duy V\u1eadt: (1) \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng ai s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. (2) T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cao c\u1ea3, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, v\u00ec c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 - t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00ed tr\u00ed, t\u01b0 duy&lt;\/em&gt;). (3) V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ee9c thang ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u0103n minh (&lt;em&gt;v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, m\u1edbi n\u1ea3y sinh ra C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n minh t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;). (4) T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh. (5) Ng\u00e0y nay, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u0103n ch\u01a1i, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u00e2m tr\u00ed m\u00ecnh. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy t\u00e2m &lt;em&gt;(idealism)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 duy linh &lt;em&gt;(spiritualism)&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7, &lt;strong&gt;Matter&lt;\/strong&gt; (V\u1eadt Th\u1ec3, Th\u1ec3 Ch\u1ea5t), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00ed.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/materialism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/materialism\/\" >Materialism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Matter&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u1eadt Th\u1ec3, Th\u1ec3 Ch\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00ed&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/matter\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/matter\/\" >Matter<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Matthew, Theology of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ma-thi-\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a S\u00e1ch Ma-thi-\u01a1, hay c\u1ee7a (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3) S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ma-thi-\u01a1. S\u00e1ch Ma-thi-\u01a1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Kinh T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1eed t\u00ednh m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc qua gia ph\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa h\u1ee9a. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a S\u00e1ch. (1) &lt;em&gt;S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng Truy\u1ec1n B\u00e1 Tin L\u00e0nh.&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch. M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 Rao Truy\u1ec1n S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi. (2) &lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;. Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean tri trong C\u1ef1u-\u01af\u1edbc (\u00ca-sai 9:5) nay ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m. Kho\u1ea3ng 40 l\u1ea7n, Mathi\u01a1 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m. (3) &lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 Vua c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt;. Qua d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp trong d\u00f2ng Vua David, v\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vua &lt;em&gt;(ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m linh)&lt;\/em&gt; \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u1edf v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Math. 28:20); (&lt;em&gt;Em-ma-nu-el, &lt;\/em&gt;Math. 1:23, Esai 8:10). (4) &lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch Mathi\u01a1, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh - Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh - tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i - Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. Sau n\u00e0y Phao-l\u00f4 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 (Eph. 5; Math. 16:18-18:17). Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i (10:23, 28:20), v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng cho d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i (Rom. 11:11-12, 25-26). V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 M\u1eabu M\u1ef1c M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha (5:48; 6:33; 4:4,10). (5) &lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 H\u1ed3i Lai&lt;\/em&gt;. Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y Tr\u1edf L\u1ea1i L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Hai&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus (Math. 24). H\u01a1n c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c, Ma-thi-\u01a1 vi\u1ebft c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y (th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i) cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra, t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi S\u00e1ch \u0110a-ni-\u00ean v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n. (6) &lt;em&gt;X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/em&gt; Hai t\u1eeb &quot; N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng, \/\/ \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Kingdom of God (&lt;\/em&gt;4 l\u1ea7n)&lt;em&gt; v\u00e0 Kingdom of Heaven&lt;\/em&gt; (33 l\u1ea7n)) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111i, nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Ma-thi-\u01a1. S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ma-thi-\u01a1 nh\u00ecn v\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng &quot;N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng&quot; tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa kinh nghi\u1ec7m N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi. Sau c\u00f9ng, (7) &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i M\u1ec7nh L\u1ec7nh Ti\u1ebfp T\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7nh (b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u) truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u00fd Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/matthew-theology-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/matthew-theology-of\/\" >Matthew, Theology of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Matthew&#8217;s Bible (1537)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3 Matthew&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f3 sau th\u1eddi William Tyndale (1494-1536). B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1537, sau b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a William Tyndale. H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3 Matthew \u0111\u00e3 tu ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Tyndale \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Matthew. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc Miles Coverdale v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a Connad Pellican (1428-1556). B\u1ea3n KT Matthew hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/matthews-bible-1537\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/matthews-bible-1537\/\" >Matthew&#8217;s Bible (1537)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Maundy Thursday&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m Truy\u1ec1n L\u1ec7nh&lt;\/em&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Latin &lt;em&gt;mandatum&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;mandati&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (comman-dment). Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m Th\u00e1nh &lt;em&gt;(Holy Thursday)&lt;\/em&gt; tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u L\u00e0nh &lt;em&gt;(Good Friday)&lt;\/em&gt;. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u00e1nh, khi Ch\u00faa Jesus chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0 Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o Th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem, d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 (Gi\u0103ng 13). C\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 Gi\u0103ng 13:34 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ta ban cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eabn &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;nhau&quot;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/maundy-thursday\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/maundy-thursday\/\" >Maundy Thursday<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mayflower Compact (1620)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng \u01af\u1edbc T\u1eaft Mayflower&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tr\u00ean t\u00e0u Mayflower nh\u1eefng (41) ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd k\u00fd m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n &quot;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng \u01af\u1edbc T\u00f3m G\u1ecdn&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (1620), tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 &quot;&lt;em&gt;x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;, ngay sau khi \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t Plymouth Rock \u1edf Ti\u1ec3u Ban Massachusets. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt t\u1eaft g\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y cho gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u00f2a K\u1ef3. Sau n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Plymouth Government.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mayflower-compact-1620\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mayflower-compact-1620\/\" >Mayflower Compact (1620)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mazarin Bible&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh Mazarin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi do nh\u00e0 in \u1edf Gutenburg, \u0110\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfng La-tin, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1453 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t in n\u0103m 1456. Hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111ang \u1edf th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Jules Mazarin, m\u1ed9t H\u1ed3ng Y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Kinh Mazarin Bible.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mazarin-bible\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mazarin-bible\/\" >Mazarin Bible<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mc. Giffert, Arthur Cush-man (1861 \u2013 1933)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mc. Giffert, Arthur Cush-man&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;1861 \u2013 1933&lt;\/em&gt;)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u phong tr\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o T\u1ef1 Do &lt;em&gt;(Liberalism&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Sauquoit, NY, con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a GH Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, g\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00a0Scottish. \u00d4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Union Theological Semi-nary, New York. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng sang \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Adolf Harmack \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Marburg, \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng l\u00e3nh b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 n\u0103m 1888. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y \u1edf Lane Seminary (\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Lane) \u1edf Cincinnati (Ohio). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Philip Schaff, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Phillip s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh. v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 S\u1eed H\u1ecdc H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Union, 1893.&lt;br \/&gt;\nSau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cao \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o Mc. Giffert n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 Do (&lt;em&gt;Liberelism&lt;\/em&gt;) \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, (1) S\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, (2) S\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;scientific history&lt;\/em&gt;), (3) L\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn thi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus. Jesus ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c&lt;em&gt;l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u1ecbch s\u1eed - nghi\u00ean h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc trong s\u1eed t\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u201c&lt;em&gt;khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00e2m linh m\u1edbi\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u201c&lt;em&gt;A History Christianity In The Apostle Age\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1897), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Protestant Thought Before Kant&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1911), &lt;em&gt;The Apostolic&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Creed\u2019s: Its Purpose&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026, 1902; \u201c&lt;em&gt;A History of Christian Thought\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (1932), s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 do.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mc-giffert-arthur-cush-man-1861-1933\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mc-giffert-arthur-cush-man-1861-1933\/\" >Mc. Giffert, Arthur Cush-man (1861 \u2013 1933)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;me&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;t\u00f4i - t\u00fac t\u1eeb, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n vi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/me\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/me\/\" >me<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Medellin Conference (1968)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Medellin, 1968&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Nam M\u1ef9 La-tin h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp \u1edf Medellin, Columbia (CE-LEM II). T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ghi nh\u1eadn \u00fd th\u1ee9c &quot;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh, C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/medellin-conference-1968\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/medellin-conference-1968\/\" >Medellin Conference (1968)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mediating Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc B\u1ea3o H\u00f2a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t &quot;&lt;em&gt;gi\u00e1o l\u00ed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3o h\u00f2a&lt;\/em&gt;,&quot; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y &quot; &lt;em&gt;ch\u00e2n l\u00ed, l\u1ebd th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; \u1edf trung dung, \u1edf gi\u1eefa hai c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1ea3o h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Hegel &lt;em&gt;(rationalism - duy l\u00ed)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 Schleiernacher &lt;em&gt;(supernatura-lism - si\u00eau nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;), gi\u1eefa lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, gi\u1eefa c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. \u0110i v\u00e0o trong n\u1ec1n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u00e1nh Kinh, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Tin v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u1ee9c \u0111o\u00e1n &lt;em&gt;(assumptions)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh s\u1eed t\u00ednh (&lt;em&gt;historical criticism).&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mediating-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mediating-theology\/\" >Mediating Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mediation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m Ni\u1ec7m, Tr\u1ea7m T\u01b0, Thi\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy t\u01b0 ng\u1eabm ngh\u0129 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y qua s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, ki\u00eang \u0103n, y\u00ean t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 suy nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u nhi\u1ec7m. T\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;thi\u1ec1n&quot;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mediation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mediation\/\" >Mediation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mediator&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Trung B\u1ea3o, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Gian&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb trong C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea5ng Ti\u00ean Tri, Ti\u00ean Ki\u1ebfn, Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf L\u1ec5 - ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho d\u00e2n Israel, hay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u Ch\u00faa b\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 H\u00ea-li, Sa-mu-\u00ean (Xu\u1ea5t 4:10; Amos 3:8; Gi\u00f3p 9:3; Gi\u00ea 1:7,17). Trong T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng 6 l\u1ea7n &quot;&lt;em&gt;mediator&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Gal. 3:19-20, C\u00f4ng 4; Heb. 8:6; 9:15; 12:24). S\u00e1ch H\u00eab-r\u01a1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Trung B\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Heb. 8:6). S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng Trung B\u1ea3o - ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (C\u00f4ng 4:12).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mediator\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mediator\/\" >Mediator<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mediatrix Of All Grace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Trung B\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a To\u00e0n \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o li th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng cho Trinh N\u1eef Ma-ri. V\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Vatican II (1962) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m b\u1ed5 t\u00fac hay thay th\u1ebf vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mediatrix-of-all-grace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mediatrix-of-all-grace\/\" >Mediatrix Of All Grace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Medieval Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u00ed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u do c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 S. Anselm (c.1033-1109), Aberland (1019-1142), Bona-venture (c. 1217-1274), v\u00e0 Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 qua c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, l\u00ed lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/medieval-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/medieval-theology\/\" >Medieval Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Megillah&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c Cu\u1ed9n Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &quot;Scroll&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Cu\u1ed9n Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong Kinh Do Th\u00e1i Srcoll (&lt;em&gt;Megillah&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp ri\u00eang, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 5 S\u00e1ch Kinh trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc (\u00ca-x\u01a1-t\u00ea, Ru-t\u01a1, Ca-th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Truy\u1ec1n-\u0111\u1ea1o, Nh\u00e3-ca). Nh\u1eefng kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;ng\u00e2m t\u1ee5ng&lt;\/em&gt;) trong khi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5. \u0110a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e1ch \u00ca-x\u01a1-t\u00ea.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/megillah\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/megillah\/\" >Megillah<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Melanchthon, Philip (1497-1560)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Melanchthon, Philip&lt;\/strong&gt; (1497-1560)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Phi-l\u00edp Melanchthon, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Bretten, Baden. N\u0103m 14 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 xong b\u1eb1ng C\u1eed Nh\u00e2n (&lt;em&gt;BA&lt;\/em&gt;) \u1edf Heidelburg, v\u00e0 16 tu\u1ed5i xong b\u1eb1ng Cao H\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;MA&lt;\/em&gt;), \u1edf Tubingen. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e0i n\u0103ng thi\u00ean ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Th\u00e1nh Kinh ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p qua v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, trong ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Erasmus. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Wittenberg n\u0103m 1518. \u00d4ng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Martin Luther trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft ra t\u1eadp &lt;em&gt;Loci Communes&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Luther v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u00f3i chung, Mellanchthon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 qua Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther. \u1ede Marburg Colloque (1529), \u00f4ng b\u1ecb Zwingli \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u201cgi\u00e1o l\u00ed hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Consubstantiation&lt;\/em&gt;) trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. V\u1ec1 sau, ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y n\u00ean l\u00e0m bu\u1ed3n l\u00f2ng M. Luther. Cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd tranh lu\u1eadn, l\u00e0m cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther c\u0169ng b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch cho c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh. C\u0169ng nh\u1edd tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, th\u00f4ng l\u00e3m, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn lao trong chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n t\u00edn nh\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, Luther, v\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/melanchthon-philip-1497-1560\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/melanchthon-philip-1497-1560\/\" >Melanchthon, Philip (1497-1560)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Melanchthonian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng \u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Melanch-thon&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Mel. nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o t\u00edn l\u00ed Augsburg Confession (1530) trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/melanchthonian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/melanchthonian\/\" >Melanchthonian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Melchiorites&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e1i Mel-chio-rit&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng ai theo s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Malchior Hoffman, v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng Anabaptist trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Malchior&lt;\/strong&gt; (1500-1543) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy th\u1ebf b\u1edfi khai l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong tr\u00e0o &quot;l\u00e0m b\u00e1p-tem l\u1ea1i&quot; (ana-baptein (Ger.), &lt;em&gt;b\u00e1p-tem nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm l\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 &quot;t\u00e1i l\u1eadp&quot; l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem cho nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f4ng x\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 Christ, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem cho tr\u1ebb em.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/melchiorites\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/melchiorites\/\" >Melchiorites<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Melitian Schisms&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2m M\u01b0u Chia C\u00e1ch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn hai \u00e2m m\u01b0u chia c\u00e1ch trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, do hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00f9ng t\u00ean Melitus, - Bishop Melitus \u1edf Lycopolis, Egypt, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i nh\u1eadp d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho nh\u1eefng ai b\u1ecb b\u1eaft b\u1edb, v\u00e0 - Bishop Melitus \u1edf Antioch b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Arian, kh\u00f4ng tin Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/melitian-schisms\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/melitian-schisms\/\" >Melitian Schisms<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Memorialism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;G&lt;em&gt;i\u00e1o L\u00ed T\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u1edb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c trong b\u1eefa Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn (&lt;em&gt;t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft hy sinh tr\u00ean th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Huldrych Zwingli (1481-1531) b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 &quot;hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt&quot; (Cons.) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/memorialism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/memorialism\/\" >Memorialism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Memory&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u1edb, Nh\u1edb L\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng trong Kinh C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 &quot;nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i&quot; c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean t\u1eeb khi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi x\u1ee9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4, qua sa m\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a...\u0111\u1ec3 chu to\u00e0n l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 Abram c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Do-th\u00e1i (S\u00e1ng 12:1-3). R\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i qua m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (I Cor. 11:24).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/memory\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/memory\/\" >Memory<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mennonites&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Men-n\u00f4-ni&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1eadu t\u1ef1 k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i &quot;T\u00e1i B\u00e1p-tem&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Anabaptists)&lt;\/em&gt; \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17th\/c. Ph\u00e1i \u201cAnh Em Th\u1ee5y S\u0129\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Swiss Brethren&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Zwinglian Reformation. Qua nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1524.\u00a0 Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Menno Simon (1496-1561), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Menonite. Menno Simon sinh \u1edf Frisian Village, Witmarsum Netherland, tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1edfng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh m\u1ee5c. \u00d4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u0103m 1524 g\u1ea7n qu\u00ea \u00f4ng, r\u1ed3i 1563 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh qu\u00ea c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf Witmarsum. Trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o l\u00ed bi\u1ebfn-th\u1ec3-th\u1eadt (transubstantialtion) c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La- m\u00e3, nh\u1eadn b\u00e1p-tem l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u00e1p-tem cho nhi\u1ec1u anh em &quot;tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i&quot; \u0111\u1ea1o. Sau c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng \u00e2m th\u1ea7m gia nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o Anabaptists v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 anh em c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1536, th\u00e1ng 1, \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3; sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Anabaptists v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u1edf Netherland (1536-1543) mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ee9c, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c k\u1ebf b\u00ean x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 (1543-1561). Sau n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Calvin v\u00e0 Luther b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed b\u00e1p-tem l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sau khi \u0103n n\u0103n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Mennonites. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh em c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mennonites\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mennonites\/\" >Mennonites<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mercerburg Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Mercerburg&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o trong s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft Calvin - M\u1ef9 (American-Calvinism) v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19th \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Mercerburg, Pensylvania. D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y do Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia John William Nevin (1803-1886), v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eed gia Phillip Schaff (1819-1993), c\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00f9ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1840&#039;s - 50&#039;s. Nevin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Presbyterian, Princeton. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Presbyterian, Pittsburg. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1840, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u1edf Mercerburg, PA. C\u00f2n Phillip Schaff \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Mercerburg n\u0103m 1844, t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Berlin, \u0110\u1ee9c. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;strong&gt;Tr\u1ecdng T\u00e2m -&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/strong&gt; (Christ-Centered) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u1eadt huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nevin \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, &quot;&lt;em&gt;The History and Genius Of The Heidelberg Catechism\u201d (1942), \u201cThe Anxious Bench (1843), The Mytical Presence\u201d (1846)&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Schaff, \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Principle Of Protestanism\u201d (1844)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mercerburg-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mercerburg-theology\/\" >Mercerburg Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mercy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00f3t, Nh\u00e2n T\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o, t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc (Heb. &quot;&lt;em&gt;hased&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;) khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng &quot;mercy&quot; (&lt;em&gt;th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean &lt;em&gt;c\u00e1 t\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng&lt;\/em&gt; ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi khi ch\u1ecdn d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean l\u00e0m d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t L\u1ecbch S\u1eed C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Thi-thi\u00ean 79:8-9; 119:156; Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea. 31:20; \u00casai 63:7). Trong T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh (Hebrew&lt;em&gt;. hana&#039;i =&gt; &lt;\/em&gt;Greek&lt;em&gt; Kharis =&gt; &lt;\/em&gt;Eng.&lt;em&gt; grace =&gt; T&lt;\/em&gt;i\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t&lt;em&gt; \u00c2n-\u0111i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mercy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mercy\/\" >Mercy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mercy Scot&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u0129a Th\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00f3t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u0129a b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng r\u00f2ng tr\u00ean n\u1eafp H\u00f2m B\u1ea3ng Ch\u1ee9ng, \/\/ Giao \u01af\u1edbc (Xu\u1ea5t 25:17 tt) t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2ng huy\u1ebft con sinh t\u1ebf l\u00ean Ch\u00faa (Levi.16:14tt), ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng tha th\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mercy-scot\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mercy-scot\/\" >Mercy Scot<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Merit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ea1ng, C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c, Th\u00e0nh T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u00edch, l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. Ngh\u0129a Kinh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i. S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i l\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0110CT, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Eph. 2:8-9). Martin Luther \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o Phong Tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/merit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/merit\/\" >Merit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Messiah&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;mashiah&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;Anointed One&quot;, Hyl. &lt;em&gt;Christos&lt;\/em&gt;. Theo C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u1eadp giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi Ab-ram ban \u0110\u1ea5ng gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean (S\u00e1ng 3:15; 12:1-3; Esai 9:5,8:11). V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. L\u1eddi giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i trong C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf d\u00e2n Do-th\u00e1i. H\u00ecnh dung trong C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc, qua c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, b\u1edfi c\u00e1c Ti\u00ean Tri \u00ca-sai, Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi, \u00d4-s\u00ea...(\u00ca-sai 9:5; 45:1; 53:1tt) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ra trong th\u1eddi l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y Ba-by-l\u00f4n.\u00a0 Do \u0111\u00f3, d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea5ng Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecd.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ee9ng minh cho d\u00e2n Do-th\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea5ng Met-sia c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i cho d\u00e2n Israel v\u00e0 cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi trong h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia, v\u1eeba l\u00e0: t\u00f4i t\u1edb (&lt;em&gt;servant&lt;\/em&gt;), ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn (&lt;em&gt;suffering&lt;\/em&gt;), Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Son of Man&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i (&lt;em&gt;Messianic person&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Son of God&lt;\/em&gt;), Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (&lt;em&gt;and Lord and Savior of the world&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (Esai 9:5, 8:11; Math. 1:23; Gi\u0103ng 10:30; Kh\u1ea3i 1:6-8, 21b). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Ch\u00faa Jesus, \u0110\u00e1ng M\u00e9t-sia l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ch\u00faa, Vua c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n Vua - Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/messiah\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/messiah\/\" >Messiah<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Messianic Consciousness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed cho r\u1eb1ng, Ch\u00faa Jesus ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/messianic-consciousness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/messianic-consciousness\/\" >Messianic Consciousness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Messianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;G&lt;em&gt;i\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i, tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1eadn th\u1ebf.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/messianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/messianism\/\" >Messianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Metanarrative&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1eadu Truy\u1ec7n K\u1ef3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc trong th\u1eddi h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (&lt;em&gt;Post-Modernism&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec li\u00ean n\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0ng\u201c&lt;em&gt;Metanarrative\u201d(&lt;\/em&gt;H\u1eadu\/phi huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i) do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gia cho r\u1eb1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7\/gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00f4i!&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/metanarrative\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/metanarrative\/\" >Metanarrative<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Metanoia&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thay \u0110\u1ed5i T\u00e2m Tr\u00ed, \u0102n N\u0103n, Si\u00eau T\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Meta + noia&lt;\/em&gt;, (change of mind, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0 \u0103n n\u0103n). T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, x\u00e2y l\u01b0ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh (&lt;em&gt;righteousness&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa (M\u00e1c 1:15, C\u00f4ng 2:38), \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i trong m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh qua Th\u00e1nh Kinh d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh c\u00f3 t\u00e2m m\u1edbi, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Si\u00eau T\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; - t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi trong Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/metanoia\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/metanoia\/\" >Metanoia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Metaphysics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed Si\u00eau H\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Hyl. &lt;em&gt;Meta&lt;\/em&gt; (after); &lt;em&gt;physics&lt;\/em&gt; (v\u1eadt l\u00ed, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 sau c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00ed hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau h\u00ecnh. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00e0y do Aristotle (A-rit-t\u1ed1t). T\u1eeb c\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft l\u00ed kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Ontology, &lt;em&gt;c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;? &lt;em&gt;c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;? \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn, ng\u1eafm, r\u1edd, ng\u1eedi, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i &lt;em&gt;(Modern Age&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Descards, Spinoza, Kant, Whitehead, C. Hart, Shorne, K. Barth, P. Tillich... Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i si\u00eau h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho t\u00edn l\u00ed tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y, ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/metaphysics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/metaphysics\/\" >Metaphysics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Metaphysics, Christologial&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Si\u00eau H\u00ecnh C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh trong c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, v\u1edbi con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa...).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/metaphysics-christologial\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/metaphysics-christologial\/\" >Metaphysics, Christologial<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Methodish\/ Methodism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ni\u1ec1m tin truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a John Wesley v\u00e0 Charles Wesley (l\u00e0 hai anh em, con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng b\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng). C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; (kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1725), 3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oxford: John Wesley, Charles Wesley v\u00e0 George White-field \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng &quot;C\u00e2u L\u1ea1c B\u1ed9 Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Holy Club&lt;\/em&gt;), &quot;nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng&quot;. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o.\u00a0 C\u0169ng t\u1eeb phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng L\u1edbn I. \u1edf Anh Qu\u1ed1c (Great Awa-kening I (1725-1760)). R\u1ed3i 10 n\u0103m sau, 1735 J. Wesley sang Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t huy tinh th\u1ea7n &quot;th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft, t\u1eeb t\u00e2m (&lt;em&gt;in ward holiness&lt;\/em&gt;) nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 1738, sau 3 n\u0103m, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Anh, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 x\u01b0\u1edbng phong tr\u00e0o tr\u00ean. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Aldersgate Street, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 J. Wesley t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00eam. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, gia t\u0103ng phong tr\u00e0o h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, b\u1ed3i linh h\u1eb1ng tu\u1ea7n, truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp Anh Qu\u1ed1c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng anh em tham d\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;Methodish&lt;\/em&gt;) d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a J. Wesley, v\u00e0 J. Wesley tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Methodish t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb Methodism bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o l\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng anh em theo phong tr\u00e0o &quot;Holy Club&quot; t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Sau n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u1edf Anh, nhi\u1ec1u an hem th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m &quot;Legal Hundred&quot; (&lt;em&gt;100 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o H\u1ee3p Ph\u00e1p&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, 1744, \u1edf Anh), \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n sau n\u00e0y.\u00a0 Khi truy\u1ec1n sang Hoa K\u1ef3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi Anh, d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed9i Asbury, 1984 v\u00e0o M\u00f9a Gi\u00e1ng Sinh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u1edf Baltimore. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, t\u00edn l\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng; do \u0111\u00f3, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Methodish trong v\u00e0 sau khi sau khi J. Wesley qua \u0111\u1eddi 1791, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i chia ra nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed Anh Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (Methodish Episcopal Church (1840), Wesley Methodish Church v\u00e0 The Methodish Episcopal South (1844).\u00a0 The Methodish Protestant Church (1828, Anh), Frec Methodish Church (1860, by B.T Roberts). The United Methodish Church (1968, Formed by Evangelical United Brethren Church and The Methodish Church, the largest group of all, about 10 millions members). The total of all Methodish in the world (World Methodish Con-ference, 1990&#039;s, about 50 millions).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/methodish-methodism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/methodish-methodism\/\" >Methodish\/ Methodism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Midrash&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ea3ng Gi\u1ea3i, Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;Midrash &lt;\/em&gt;hay&lt;em&gt; darash&lt;\/em&gt; (to inquire into, explanation), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y Rabbis (Do Th\u00e1i) di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh (C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc) cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u). Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ea7y Ba-by-l\u00f4n (550 BC - 1200 AD) t\u1edbi sau n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/midrash\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/midrash\/\" >Midrash<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Midtribulational View of the Rapture; Posttribulational View of the Rapture; Pretribulational View of the Rapture&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u1eefa, H\u1eadu, v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1i N\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/midtribulational-view-of-the-rapture-posttribulational-view-of-the-rapture-pretribulational-view-of-the-rapture\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/midtribulational-view-of-the-rapture-posttribulational-view-of-the-rapture-pretribulational-view-of-the-rapture\/\" >Midtribulational View of the Rapture; Posttribulational View of the Rapture; Pretribulational View of the Rapture<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Midtribulationism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Gi\u1eefa C\u01a1n \u0110\u1ea1i N\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed v\u1ec1 7 c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (&lt;em&gt;trong th\u1eddi Apoccalyptic&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua n\u1eefa gi\u1eefa c\u01a1n \u0110\u1ea1i N\u1ea1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cu\u1ed9c &quot;&lt;em&gt;Rapture&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t l\u00ean) (Math 21:21-31).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/midtribulationism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/midtribulationism\/\" >Midtribulationism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Millarites&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Theo T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng MS. Miller&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/millarites\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/millarites\/\" >Millarites<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Millen-nium, View of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ed9t Ng\u00e0n N\u0103m Qu\u1ea3n Tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i chung, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17th\/c (trong Th\u1eddi Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i - &lt;em&gt;Modern Age&lt;\/em&gt;), do c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia H. Alsted, J. Mede (Post-millenialism) v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Qu\u1ea3n (&lt;em&gt;Dispen-sationalism&lt;\/em&gt;), do J.N. Darby, D.N. Lords kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u1ec1 sau ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 L.S. Chafer v\u00e0 C.I. Scofield c\u1ee7a Dallas Theology Semi-nary (DTS).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/millen-nium-view-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/millen-nium-view-of\/\" >Millen-nium, View of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Millenialism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Ng\u00e0n N\u0103m B\u00ecnh An&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Mille\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(thousand), \u201c&lt;em&gt;annus&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (year), gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cai qu\u1ea3n b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (Khai 20:1-7) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 t\u1eadn th\u1ebf, cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (&lt;em&gt;the last judgement&lt;\/em&gt;) \u1edf Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 20:11tt. T\u1eeb gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ba gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u: Ti\u1ec1n Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;Premillenialism&lt;\/em&gt;), H\u1eadu Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;Postmil-lenialism&lt;\/em&gt;), Phi Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;Amillenialism&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00dd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m x\u1ea3y ra khi: (1) Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n, (2) Sau c\u00e1c c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 (3) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m - t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang trong c\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. Th\u1eadt ra, c\u00e1i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ba thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean l\u00e0 &quot;c\u00e1c c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n&quot; l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o? D\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng Ma-thi-\u01a1 c\u00f3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 &quot;chi\u1ebfn tranh d\u1ecbch l\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch r\u01a1i v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi..\u201d Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u0169ng \u0111ang b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn quanh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u1ed1i C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o \u0111a s\u1ed1 tin r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1n &quot;C\u1ea5t L\u00ean&quot; (Rapture) tr\u01b0\u1edbc &quot;\u0110\u1ea1i N\u1ea1n&quot; v\u00e0 &quot;\u0110\u1ea1i N\u1ea1n&quot; th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn?!? v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0o?!?.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/millenialism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/millenialism\/\" >Millenialism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Millennium&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ed9t Ng\u00e0n N\u0103m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/millennium\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/millennium\/\" >Millennium<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Miller, William (1782-1849)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Miller, William&lt;\/strong&gt; (1782-1849)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Sevenday Adventist. Miller \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng phong tr\u00e0o ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1844, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 tra c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung t\u00edn tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i-th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t &quot;&lt;em&gt;great disappointment&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (m\u1ed9t b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n l\u1edbn). S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 \u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, qu\u00ean \u0111i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng Hiram Edson \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, kh\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, chia ra hai gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i: The Advent Christian Church v\u00e0 Seventh-day Adventists (theo t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 White), v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Cult&lt;\/em&gt; (t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh sau th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II (sau v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n sai, 1918,v\u00e0 1930&#039;s). Ng\u00e0y nay, sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ti\u00ean tri sai, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn 1980&#039;s, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng xem l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u00e1p nh\u1eadp, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m l\u1ec5 v\u00e0o Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00ed tin r\u1eb1ng &quot;Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y - Sabath&quot; l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ng\u00e0y &quot;Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa&quot; theo Gia-v\u00ea ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y trong C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc (Xu\u1ea5t 20:8-9), v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trong tu\u1ea7n. T\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7, - &lt;strong&gt;Millarites &lt;\/strong&gt;(Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Theo T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng MS. Miller).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/miller-william-1782-1849\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/miller-william-1782-1849\/\" >Miller, William (1782-1849)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mind&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m Tr\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00ed h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb &quot;&lt;em&gt;Mind&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (T\u00e2m Tr\u00ed), c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n (&lt;em&gt;Soul&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;matter&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Mind&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, \u0111\u1ec3 &quot;&lt;em&gt;hi\u1ec3u&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;body&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 &quot;&lt;em&gt;tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do \u0111\u00f3, &lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m Tr\u00ed &lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, &lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m Tr\u00ed &lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 th\u0103n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n khi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mind\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mind\/\" >Mind<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mind-body&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m-th\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mind-body\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mind-body\/\" >Mind-body<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mind-soul&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m-h\u1ed3n, \/\/linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mind-soul\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mind-soul\/\" >Mind-soul<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Minister&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c S\u01b0, M\u1ee5c S\u0129, B\u1ed9 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u00eang La-tin &quot;&lt;em&gt;Servant&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;, t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh hay m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c th\u1ee5 phong (&lt;em&gt;ordination&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa giao, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/minister\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/minister\/\" >Minister<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Minister&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c S\u01b0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;Preacher\/ Pastor.&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/minister-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/minister-2\/\" >Minister<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ministry&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ban ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ministry\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ministry\/\" >Ministry<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ministry of the World&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi., t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00fac \u00e2m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ministry-of-the-world\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ministry-of-the-world\/\" >Ministry of the World<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Minjung Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Minjung&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0n. T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Korean &lt;em&gt;&quot;People Theology&quot;,&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y nghi\u00ean v\u1ec1 &quot;&lt;em&gt;ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;, cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn &quot;&lt;em&gt;Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/minjung-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/minjung-theology\/\" >Minjung Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Minor Orders&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u1ee5 Ph\u1ee5 L\u1ec7nh, \/\/ Ti\u1ec3u L\u1ec7nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, c\u00e1c ph\u00f3 t\u1ebf, c\u00f2n t\u1eeb gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, m\u1ee5c s\u01b0, ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Major Order&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (V\u1ee5 L\u1ec7nh Ch\u00ednh). K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1972, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng &quot;Ministries&quot; (M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/minor-orders\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/minor-orders\/\" >Minor Orders<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Minster&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u00f2ng Tu, Vi\u1ec7n Tu, Tu Vi\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Monasterium&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;Monastery&quot;; t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c &lt;em&gt;Minister&lt;\/em&gt;.\u00a0 T\u1eeb d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn c\u00f3 lu\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, tu luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0, linh m\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eafc d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n hay \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n n\u1eefa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/minster\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/minster\/\" >Minster<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Miracle&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e9p L\u1ea1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latin &lt;em&gt;Miraculum\/ Mirari&lt;\/em&gt; (Wonder&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt;, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t tranh lu\u1eadn l\u1edbn trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trong n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. \u0110\u00fang ra, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong H\u1ed9i-th\u00e1nh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I. C\u0169ng b\u1edfi ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y (Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1ng th\u1ebf b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, Ch\u00faa Jesus s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1,..), m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i-th\u00e1nh kh\u1edfi l\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o l\u1eabn C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 tin v\u00e0o ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1. Ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc (Ngay ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u S\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng-th\u1ebf-k\u00fd), R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn, s\u00e1ch Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 K\u00fd ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i 10 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 do M\u00f4i-se, b\u1ee5i gai ch\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0n, n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ebd ra \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n di qua bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecf, n\u01b0\u1edbc phun ra t\u1eeb h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1, b\u00e1nh ma-na. \u0110\u1ebfn T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus, Ch\u00faa h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u, Ch\u00faa h\u00f3a b\u00e1nh cho 5000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n, ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh phung, ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh k\u1ebb b\u1ea1i 38 n\u0103m, g\u1ecdi c\u00f4 b\u00e9 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, g\u1ecdi La-xa-r\u01a1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. v.v\u2026v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee5c sinh. C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tin v\u00e0o ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1eefa ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 m\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1eeb thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 do b\u00e0n tay \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. V\u1eady ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec phi th\u01b0\u1eddng (&lt;em&gt;Supernatural&lt;\/em&gt;) m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o sinh ho\u1ea1t lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3, oai nghi, huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o. Ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua Ch\u00faa Jesus, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng cao c\u1ea3 Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/miracle\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/miracle\/\" >Miracle<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Miracules of Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e9p L\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng &quot;d\u1ea5u l\u1ea1&quot; (signs) v\u00e0 &quot;ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1&quot; (&lt;em&gt;wonders&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong 4 S\u00e1ch Tin L\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 S\u00e1ch Gi\u0103ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng &quot;signs&quot; (&lt;em&gt;d\u1ea5u l\u1ea1&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u l\u1ea1 minh ch\u1ee9ng Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/miracules-of-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/miracules-of-jesus\/\" >Miracules of Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Miraculous Concept&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Th\u1ee5 Thai Huy\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 thai c\u1ee7a Mary l\u00e0 do quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u1ee7a \u0110CT.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/miraculous-concept\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/miraculous-concept\/\" >Miraculous Concept<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mishnah&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh Misnah, DT&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 kh\u00f4n ngoan. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 S\u00e1ch Kinh k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Vua Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1eddi Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00eab-r\u01a1 trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, giao d\u1ecbch bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n kh\u00f4n ngoan. L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do Rabbi Judah ha-Nasi (135-220 CE), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i quan y\u1ebfu sau Kinh Th\u00e1nh, t\u1ea1o uy t\u00edn cao \u0111\u1ebfn nay trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mishnah\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mishnah\/\" >Mishnah<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Missiology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch ra \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/missiology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/missiology\/\" >Missiology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mission(s)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Missio &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Mittere&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cto send\u201d (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i, g\u1edfi \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c). T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ngay trong H\u1ed9i-th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i. B\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 sai, ph\u00e1i (send) Phao-l\u00f4, Ba-na-ba, John M\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111i &quot;&lt;em&gt;mission&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o). Sau \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c &lt;em&gt;S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch &quot;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/missions\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/missions\/\" >Mission(s)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Missionary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o S\u0129&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/missionary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/missionary\/\" >Missionary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Missionary Move-ment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi William Carey \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh \u0111i ra l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u0129 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n qua &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Faith Missionary.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&quot; Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1edd phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y m\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u1eeba t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111i ra truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/missionary-move-ment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/missionary-move-ment\/\" >Missionary Move-ment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Missionization&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sinh Ho\u1ea1t H\u00f3a Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00e1c H\u1ed9i-th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 g\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18,19 v\u00e0 20. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/missionization\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/missionization\/\" >Missionization<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Modalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Ti\u00eau Bi\u1ec3u, \/\/ Bi\u1ec3u T\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \/\/ Ki\u00eau M\u1eabu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Modus&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;form&quot; &quot;mode&quot;, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u201cBa Ng\u00f4i&quot; hay \u201cGi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i\u201d ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ba c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, trong ba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1c nhau ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n mang m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 Ba Ng\u00f4i Hi\u1ec7p M\u1ed9t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o - \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 Ba Ng\u00f4i, m\u1ed7i Ng\u00f4i V\u1ecb tuy kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t trong KT v\u00e0 trong L\u1ecbch S\u1eed C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i Nh\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/modalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/modalism\/\" >Modalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Modalistic Monarchianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Ba Ng\u00f4i Ch\u1ee7 Quy\u1ec1n, Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ea7n Quy\u1ec1n Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ba Ng\u00f4i trong th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ba Ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n qua \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/modalistic-monarchianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/modalistic-monarchianism\/\" >Modalistic Monarchianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Modern Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1ec1n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do F.D.E Schleiermacher (1768-1834), l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eang h\u1eb3n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khoa t\u00e2m l\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/modern-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/modern-theology\/\" >Modern Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Modernism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;v\u1eeba cho khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;-20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Christianity) trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 A.C. Fred Loisy (1857-1940) v\u00e0 George Tyrrel (1861-1909). Phong tr\u00e0o tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng do Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pius X (1907).\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/modernism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/modernism\/\" >Modernism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Modernist&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng ai theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i Gia&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/modernist\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/modernist\/\" >Modernist<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Modernist-Fundementalist Contro-versy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tranh Lu\u1eadn Gi\u1eefa B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 - Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa hai ph\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/modernist-fundementalist-contro-versy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/modernist-fundementalist-contro-versy\/\" >Modernist-Fundementalist Contro-versy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Modernity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i chung v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, thay \u0111\u1ed5i khoa h\u1ecdc trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th &lt;\/sup&gt;- 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 Ch\u00e2u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/modernity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/modernity\/\" >Modernity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Monarchianism, Dynamic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft N\u0103ng \u0110\u1ed9ng Th\u1ea7n Quy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt;-3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt; , tin r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n do b\u1edfi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng cao c\u1ea3; v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ch\u00faa Jesus b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i! Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&lt;em&gt; Patripassianism&lt;\/em&gt; hay l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Sabbelianism&lt;\/em&gt;. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monarchianism-dynamic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monarchianism-dynamic\/\" >Monarchianism, Dynamic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Monastery&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vi\u1ec7n Tu Kh\u1ed5 H\u1ea1nh, Tu Vi\u1ec7n &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Monasterion&lt;\/em&gt;, from &lt;em&gt;mons&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;alone&quot; hay &quot;hermit&#039;s cell&quot;. L\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf x\u00e2y l\u00ean b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y tu \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n; nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, \u1edf ri\u00eang ra, xa l\u00e1nh tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng theo c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt hay c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt; do St. Anthony \u1edf B\u1eafc Phi (x\u1ee9 Ai C\u1eadp)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monastery\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monastery\/\" >Monastery<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Monasticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed S\u1ed1ng Kh\u1ed5 Tu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 tu, \u00e9p x\u00e1c th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa h\u01a1n. Trong L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i (C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o) \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, - &lt;strong&gt;Monaschism,&lt;\/strong&gt; nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monasticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monasticism\/\" >Monasticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Monenergism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9c Th\u00e2n Quy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, do Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Sergius (d.638) \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng. Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Constantinople c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft &lt;em&gt;Mono-physitism&lt;\/em&gt; (gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh (&lt;em&gt;Monothelitism&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u0103m 368.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monenergism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monenergism\/\" >Monenergism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Monergism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9c Linh Quy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft tin r\u1eb1ng do \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111em s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu (Christian) t\u1ed1t. (T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;Synergism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7p Linh Quy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;), tin r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng cao c\u1ea3 do \u0110TL, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i sinh). Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Augustine trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh M. Luther, tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i ch\u1ec9 do \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong S\u00e1ch &quot;&lt;em&gt;Bondage of The Will&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; c\u1ee7a M. Luther.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monergism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monergism\/\" >Monergism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Monient&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Giao \u0110i\u1ec3m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia S. Kierkegaard (1813-1855) \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 &quot;&lt;em&gt;giao \u0111i\u1ec3m&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfng &lt;em&gt;m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m, theo Kierkegaard, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua t\u1eeb phi h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;non-being&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;being&lt;\/em&gt;). R. Bultman, Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. T\u1eeb m\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay trong c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i-th\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Divine Appoinment\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(\u0110i\u1ec3m H\u1eb9n, \u0110i\u1ec3m G\u1eb7p M\u1eb7t).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monient\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monient\/\" >Monient<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Monogenism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9c D\u00f2ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u00e0 t\u1ed5 A-dam v\u00e0 \u00ca-va.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monogenism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monogenism\/\" >Monogenism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Monogenism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9c D\u00f2ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u00e0 t\u1ed5 A-dam v\u00e0 \u00ca-va.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monogenism-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monogenism-2\/\" >Monogenism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Monophysitism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9c Th\u1ec3 T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o, sau th\u1eddi Arius tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai: v\u1eeba l\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh (divine) v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh (physical) trong Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Chacedon (451) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i t\u00edn l\u00ed &lt;em&gt;Dyophysite&lt;\/em&gt; (L\u01b0\u1ee1ng T\u00ednh, Song T\u00ednh). \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft &lt;em&gt;Monothelitism &lt;\/em&gt;(Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9c \u00dd T\u00ednh) tin r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus ch\u1ec9 mang \u0111\u1ed9c \u00fd (ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c &lt;em&gt;monos&lt;\/em&gt;, \u201conly one\u201d,\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;thelein&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to will&quot; \u2013 (only one will - ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u1ec9). \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00ed ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus mang c\u1ea3 hai \u00fd, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 hai b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c \u00fd t\u00ednh b\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Constantinople (680) lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u00e0nh t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monophysitism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monophysitism\/\" >Monophysitism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Monotheism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9c Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Mono&lt;\/em&gt; (only one), &lt;em&gt;theos&lt;\/em&gt; (God). Tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai, theo Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y (\u00ca-sai 6:9b-41; Xu\u1ea5t 20:1-3). T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y xa x\u01b0a, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, khi Abram c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t U-r\u01a1, h\u1ecd th\u1edd \u0111a th\u1ea7n (polytheism), v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c S\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Noe v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Abram ch\u1ec9 th\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi Abram ra kh\u1ecfi x\u1ee9 Charan \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft th\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u00e2n Th\u1ea7n (Sang 12-22); cho n\u00ean Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i cho d\u00e2n Israel v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t - v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng cao c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n Israel m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Xu\u1ea5t 20:1-2; Gi\u00f4-sue 24:15; \u00ca-sai 2:8,20; Gi\u00ea 10:5,10). Nguy\u00ean tr\u1ecdn C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf. Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. Do s\u1ef1 hy sinh, ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i thay cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin.&lt;br \/&gt;\nKinh T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean tri - \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kinh T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t (I Tim. 2:5; Mac 12:28 tt; I Cor. 8:4; C\u00f4ng 17:22tt; II Cor. 13:14).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monotheism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/monotheism\/\" >Monotheism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Montanism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Montanus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do \u00f4ng Montanus v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean \u00f4ng, cho \u00f4ng n\u00f3i ti\u00ean tri v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. R\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u1eadp Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem m\u1edbi; do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 tu, \u00e9p m\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb H\u1ed9i-th\u00e1nh l\u00ean \u00e1n t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/montanism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/montanism\/\" >Montanism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Moral Argument of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tranh Lu\u1eadn B\u1ed5n T\u00ednh Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb lu\u00e2n l\u00ed k\u00e8m theo sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-argument-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-argument-of-god\/\" >Moral Argument of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Moral Attributes of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed5n T\u00ednh Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi - Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta trong &quot;&lt;em&gt;image&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-attributes-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-attributes-of-god\/\" >Moral Attributes of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Moral Choice&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-choice\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-choice\/\" >Moral Choice<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Moral code&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u00fang hay sai c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-code\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-code\/\" >Moral code<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Moral Development&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u0103ng Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1i \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 sai.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-development\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-development\/\" >Moral Development<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Moral Education&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-education\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-education\/\" >Moral Education<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Moral Philosophy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i trong t\u00e2m&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-philosophy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-philosophy\/\" >Moral Philosophy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Moral Rearmanent&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u00f3m linh ho\u1ea1t \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oxford, ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lu\u00e2n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi Buchman \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Keswich kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-rearmanent\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-rearmanent\/\" >Moral Rearmanent<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Moral Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadn l\u00ed ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00ed kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-theology\/\" >Moral Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Moral Virtues&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed5n T\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ea1nh Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-virtues\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-virtues\/\" >Moral Virtues<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Moral\/ Moral Attributes of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c, B\u1ed5n T\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Moral (lu\u00e2n l\u00ed) v\u00e0 ethics (\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c) l\u00e0 t\u1eeb chung cho tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, lu\u00e2n l\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc. Moral\/ ethics l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-moral-attributes-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moral-moral-attributes-of-god\/\" >Moral\/ Moral Attributes of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Morallan&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00ean lu\u00e2n l\u00ed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n hay t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt; (Decalogue, - 10 l\u1eddi), hay l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a M\u00f4i-se. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/morallan\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/morallan\/\" >Morallan<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Moravian Brethren&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Anh Em Mo-ra-vian&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng anh em \u0111\u00e3 di c\u01b0 sang \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1eeb x\u1ee9 Mo-ra-via, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i k\u1ebf t\u1ef1 anh em Bohemian. Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eeba gi\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther v\u00e0 Thanh Gi\u00e1o Anh (&lt;em&gt;Pietism&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u1ec1 sau, h\u1ecd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Moravian. S\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o, ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u00e0y nay, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Moravian kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh l\u1eafm, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, v\u00e0 \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 GH kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t trong Tin L\u00e0nh n\u00f3i chung.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moravian-brethren\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/moravian-brethren\/\" >Moravian Brethren<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mormon\/ Mormonism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i M\u1ea1c-m\u00f4n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u do \u00f4ng Joseph Smith (1805-1844), th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u00eam bao m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t &quot;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch M\u1ea1c-m\u00f4n&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Book of Mormon) t\u1eeb thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 Maroni. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4\/6\/1830, t\u1ea1i Fayette, NY. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd d\u1eddi v\u1ec1 Kirtland, Ohio, r\u1ed3i d\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn Jackson County, Missouri. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, phong tr\u00e0o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd, v\u00ec kh\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u0111a th\u00ea, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi em (Hyrum) v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ecb b\u1ecf t\u00f9 \u1edf Carthage Jail (7\/27\/ 1844). Sau khi ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00f9, \u00f4ng Brigham Young thay th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 Bang Utah c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5. C\u00e1c S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a J. Smith cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m 2 quy\u1ec3n &quot;&lt;em&gt;Book of Mormon&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (t\u1eeb Golden Plates), &quot;&lt;em&gt;The Pearl of The Great Price&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Tr\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u V\u00f4 Gi\u00e1) (nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bu\u00f4n Ai-c\u1eadp?!?), v\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;the Doctrine And Covenant.&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed v\u00e0 Giao \u01af\u1edbc). Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u00e2n chia ra l\u00e0m hai nh\u00e1nh: &lt;em&gt;The Church of Jesus Christ of The Latter-day Saint&lt;\/em&gt;, \u1edf\u00a0 Salt Lake City, Utah (h\u01a1n 3 tri\u1ec7u t\u00edn h\u1eefu) v\u00e0\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;Re-organized Church of Jesus Christ of The Latter-day Saint&lt;\/em&gt; \u1edf Independence, Missouri (kho\u1ea3ng 600.000 t\u00edn h\u1eefu). T\u00edn l\u00ed ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0: (1) Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi t\u1ed9c th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c sau khi Noel ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e0u, l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 N\u00eaphi, v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o sau khi ph\u1ee5c sinh. (2) Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 Maroni l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf Ch\u00faa Jesus. Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 anh c\u1ea3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 sau s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. (3) Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. (4) Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng an sinh gia \u0111\u00ecnh (5) V\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed 1,000 n\u0103m h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 (6) S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i sau c\u00f9ng. C\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o l\u00ed kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh; do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ed1i Tin L\u00e0nh chung g\u1ecdi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i M\u1ea1c-m\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, d\u00f9 h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh (c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 2 s\u00e1ch \u1edf tr\u00ean).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mormon-mormonism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mormon-mormonism\/\" >Mormon\/ Mormonism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mortal Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i Ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Theo C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft.\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;Mortal Sin&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mortal-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mortal-sin\/\" >Mortal Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mortality\/ Mortalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ph\u1ea3i Ch\u1ebft, S\u1ef1 T\u1ea5t T\u1eed\/ Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed T\u1ea5t T\u1eed, \/\/ T\u1ea5t Di\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft (t\u1ea5t t\u1eed, t\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t t\u1eed (Heb. 9:27; Rom. 5: 12). T\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mortality-mortalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mortality-mortalism\/\" >Mortality\/ Mortalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mortification&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ea3i Ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nguy\u00ean c\u1edb \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf! S\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mortification\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mortification\/\" >Mortification<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mother of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1eb9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;theotokos&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 La-tin: &lt;em&gt;mater Dei&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus. Khi lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn Trinh N\u1eef Ma-ri mang thai Jesus, v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;Incarnation&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eeb v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Ephesus 431 (&lt;em&gt;Council of Ephesus&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi G\u00edao H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00edn l\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent 1545-1563 \u0111\u1ebfn G\u00edao Ngh\u1ecb Vatican II, 1962-1965. Qua 2 GN tr\u00ean (qua &lt;em&gt;Theology of Mari the Mother of God&lt;\/em&gt;), B\u00e0 Mari \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t l\u00ean tr\u1eddi, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh M\u1eb9 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 M\u1eb9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mother-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mother-of-god\/\" >Mother of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Muratorian Canon&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n Murator&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Kinh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.\u00a0 Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf Rome. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, L.A. Muratori (1740) \u0111\u00e3 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 b\u1ea3n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed5 t\u00fac; sau n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Muratorian Fragments (&lt;em&gt;Kinh&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;M\u1ea3nh&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Th\u01b0\u00a0 Muratori&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/muratorian-canon\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/muratorian-canon\/\" >Muratorian Canon<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Murder&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i Gi\u1ebft Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, K\u1ebb Gi\u1ebft Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ed1 \u00fd gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc, theo lu\u1eadt M\u00f4i-se, b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 (Xu\u1ea5t 20:13; v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u0169ng k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i trong (M\u00e1c 7:21), c\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 c\u0169ng l\u00ean \u00e1n (Rom. 1:29; Gia 4:2). Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i tr\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha th\u1ee9, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0103n n\u0103n tin nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/murder\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/murder\/\" >Murder<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mysteries&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Huy\u1ec1n B\u00ed, \/\/ Vi, \/\/ Th\u1ea7n B\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3, chuy\u00ean t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i &quot;huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed&quot; &quot;huy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c&quot;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mysteries\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mysteries\/\" >Mysteries<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mystery&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Huy\u1ec1n B\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Mysterion&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;Mysterium&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;&lt;em&gt;Hidden thing&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;, or &quot;&lt;em&gt;Secret&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft; cho n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi d\u1ea5u k\u00edn, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 h\u00e9 m\u1edf cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng, sau s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u th\u1ebf Jesus, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i r\u1ed1t.v.v... S\u1ef1 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh (\u00caph. 1:9; 3:3; 5,9; to\u00e0n S\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mystery\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mystery\/\" >Mystery<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mystical Body&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 M\u1ea7u Nhi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ - H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mystical-body\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mystical-body\/\" >Mystical Body<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mystical Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Th\u1ea7n B\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;chuy\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u k\u00edn trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mystical-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mystical-theology\/\" >Mystical Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Mysticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ea7n B\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u cao si\u00eau huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 l\u1ed9c th\u00e1nh trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mysticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/mysticism\/\" >Mysticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Myth&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chuy\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n B\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Mythos&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;tale, fable&quot;, chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, xa x\u01b0a, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt, hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng hay l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng 5 l\u1ea7n trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c Th\u01b0 T\u00edn M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 (I Tim. 1:4; 4:7; II Tim. 4:4; Tit 1:14; II Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1. 1:16).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/myth\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/myth\/\" >Myth<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-n mix\" data-filter-base=\"n\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">N<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;NAB (1970)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh New American Bible (NAB, 1970)&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nab-1970\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nab-1970\/\" >NAB (1970)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nag Hammadi Library&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n Nag Hammadi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra 1945 t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 Nag Hammadi \u1edf Ai-c\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ed5 ng\u1eef, c\u1ed5 k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef in hoa c\u1ed5 trong d\u00f2ng tu kh\u1eafc k\u1ec9. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 53 b\u1ea3ng v\u0103n c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft tri th\u1ee9c (\/\/ tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7), v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (Gnosticism).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nag-hammadi-library\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nag-hammadi-library\/\" >Nag Hammadi Library<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nantes, Edict of (1598)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n S\u1eafc L\u1ec7nh Nantes&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3n S\u1eafc L\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Vua Ph\u00e1p Herry IV v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Huguenots r\u1eb1ng cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 do th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n. V\u1ec1 sau b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf b\u1edfi Vua Louis XIV (1685).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nantes-edict-of-1598\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nantes-edict-of-1598\/\" >Nantes, Edict of (1598)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Narrative Passage&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110o\u1ea3n V\u0103n,\u00a0 Ti\u1ec3u Truy\u1ec7n, \/\/ Th\u00e1nh T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Narrare&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;&lt;em&gt;to tell&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u chuy\u1ec7n hay l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf, ng\u1eafn. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7, - &lt;strong&gt;Narrative Theology &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/narrative-passage\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/narrative-passage\/\" >Narrative Passage<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Narrative Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i l\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mang ng\u1ee5 \u00fd s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tu ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/narrative-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/narrative-theology\/\" >Narrative Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;NASB, 1963&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch New American Standard Bible, (NASB 1963 v\u00e0 1970).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nasb-1963\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nasb-1963\/\" >NASB, 1963<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;National Covenant (1638)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Giao \u01af\u1edbc Qu\u1ed1c Gia&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Giao \u01af\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Scotland (\u00c1i Nh\u0129 Lan) do Vua Charles I ban h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Scottland trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/national-covenant-1638\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/national-covenant-1638\/\" >National Covenant (1638)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;National Day of Prayer&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y\u00a0\u00a0 L\u1ec5 C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n To\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho qu\u1ed1c th\u00e1i d\u00e2n an, cho l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4n ngoan h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn theo \u00fd Tr\u1eddi. Bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 \u00a0nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m c\u1ee7a tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong Th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, L\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1775, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c Hoa K\u1ef3 do Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/national-day-of-prayer\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/national-day-of-prayer\/\" >National Day of Prayer<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nativity, The&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1ng Sinh, Chuy\u1ec7n C\u1ed5 T\u00edch Sinh Ra&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng sinh, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n gi\u00e1ng sinh. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb La-tin &lt;em&gt;nativitas&lt;\/em&gt;: &quot;Narativity\u201d, t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Ch\u00faa Jesus Gi\u00e1ng Sinh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam L\u1ec5 Gi\u00e1ng Sinh (12\/25). T\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nativity of John the Baptist&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;, hay l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nativity of the Blend Virgin Mary.&lt;\/em&gt;..&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nativity-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nativity-the\/\" >Nativity, The<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Natural&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 t\u00edn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua s\u1ef1 l\u00ed lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i th\u00e1nh n\u00e0o!&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural\/\" >Natural<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Natural and Grace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00c2n S\u1ee7ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh: T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u00c2n \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00f4 bi\u00ean; \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c suy \u0111\u1ed3i v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng cao tr\u1ecdng; th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-and-grace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-and-grace\/\" >Natural and Grace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Natural Attributes of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed5n T\u00ednh T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00ed (xem &lt;em&gt;Moral Attributes of God&lt;\/em&gt;), m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh si\u00eau ph\u00e0m, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng cao c\u1ea3, v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t....&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-attributes-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-attributes-of-god\/\" >Natural Attributes of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Natural Condition&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-condition\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-condition\/\" >Natural Condition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Natural Contigency&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc do Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Rainhold Neibuhr (1892-1971) d\u00f9ng vi\u1ebft trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ea5t an v\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-contigency\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-contigency\/\" >Natural Contigency<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Natural Ethnic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Aristotle v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Stoic.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-ethnic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-ethnic\/\" >Natural Ethnic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Natural Evil&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110i\u1ec1u \u00c1c T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean tai, d\u1ecbch l\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-evil\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-evil\/\" >Natural Evil<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Natural Law&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;bao g\u1ed3m: lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c - t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-law\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-law\/\" >Natural Law<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Natural of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed5n T\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa, kh\u00f4ng th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00fd Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Thi 51:4&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-of-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-of-sin\/\" >Natural of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Natural Religion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1edd c\u00fang nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-religion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-religion\/\" >Natural Religion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Natural Revelation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Minh Kh\u1ea3i Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u00e0y t\u1ecf Ng\u00e0i qua thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean do suy lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-revelation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-revelation\/\" >Natural Revelation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Natural Righ-teousness, Original Justice&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-righ-teousness-original-justice\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-righ-teousness-original-justice\/\" >Natural Righ-teousness, Original Justice<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Natural Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb La-tin &lt;em&gt;Theologia Naturalis&lt;\/em&gt;, n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1edf s\u1edf tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 trong lu\u1eadn l\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Karl Barth (1886-1968) \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng \u0110CT hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 theo T\u0111g K. Barth ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 qua s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. V\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 T\u0111g Emil Brunner \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed7i v\u1edbi Barth trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ecf b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110CT.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/natural-theology\/\" >Natural Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Naturalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft L\u00ed T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef1 c\u00f3, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/naturalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/naturalism\/\" >Naturalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nature&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;physis&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin &lt;em&gt;natura&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. T\u1eeb n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, sinh t\u1eed b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch trong m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nature\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nature\/\" >Nature<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nazarene, Church of the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Na-xa-ren&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 (1895) theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Wesley. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft (holiness) v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thanh t\u1ea9y (Entire Santification). Trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o cao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn cho Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nazarene-church-of-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nazarene-church-of-the\/\" >Nazarene, Church of the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nazirites\/ Nazarite&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Na-di-r\u00ea&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &quot;&lt;em&gt;dedicated&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn) hay &quot;&lt;em&gt;consecrated&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (th\u00e1nh t\u1ea9y), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e1nh t\u1ea9y, d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa trong d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng ki\u00eang c\u1eed: kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3c d\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft (D\u00e2n-s\u1ed1 K\u00fd 6). S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i t\u1edb, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nazirites-nazarite\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nazirites-nazarite\/\" >Nazirites\/ Nazarite<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Necessary Being&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3 C\u1ea7n Thi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/necessary-being\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/necessary-being\/\" >Necessary Being<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Necessita-rianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft T\u1ea5t Y\u1ebfu, \/\/ Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;determinism&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb, cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee1 n\u00e0o nh\u01b0: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i, S\u1ef1 T\u1ef1 Do&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/necessita-rianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/necessita-rianism\/\" >Necessita-rianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Necessity for Salvation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ea7n Thi\u1ebft C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1ed7i l\u1ed7i c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua s\u1ef1 tha t\u1ed9i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/necessity-for-salvation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/necessity-for-salvation\/\" >Necessity for Salvation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Necessity of Nature&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ea7n Thi\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/necessity-of-nature\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/necessity-of-nature\/\" >Necessity of Nature<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Neo-calvinism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Cal-vin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo t\u00e2n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Cal-vin. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi &lt;strong&gt;Neo-orthodoxy&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-calvinism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-calvinism\/\" >Neo-calvinism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Neo-evangelicalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed T\u00e2n Tin L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-evangelicalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-evangelicalism\/\" >Neo-evangelicalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Neo-kantianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed T\u00e2n T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Kant&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1860&#039;s \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 I, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia I. Kant (1724-1804) \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft l\u00ed c\u1ee7a G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831), g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Neo-kantianism&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-kantianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-kantianism\/\" >Neo-kantianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Neo-liberalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft T\u1ef1 Do T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0111i xa h\u01a1n c\u00e1i &lt;strong&gt;Old-liberal Theology&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-liberalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-liberalism\/\" >Neo-liberalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Neo-orthodoxy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ni\u1ec1m tin ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-orthodoxy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-orthodoxy\/\" >Neo-orthodoxy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Neo-orthodoxy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia: Karl Barth (1886-1968), Emil Brunner (1889-1966) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. T\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1i gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a, gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1 m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 si\u00eau bi\u1ebfn (transcendence) s\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i (immanence) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong t\u00e2m \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169 t\u1eeb \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 Ch\u00e2u sau th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Neo-calvinism (&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Cal-vin&lt;\/em&gt;)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-orthodoxy-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-orthodoxy-2\/\" >Neo-orthodoxy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Neo-pentecostalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;phong tr\u00e0o \u00e2n t\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u00e2n t\u1ee9&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-pentecostalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-pentecostalism\/\" >Neo-pentecostalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Neo-Platonism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2n Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed Plato&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do Platinus d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u (AD 205-270) nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tu ch\u1ec9nh tri\u1ebft l\u00ed Plato (428-348 BC) theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 tranh bi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. D\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 \u0111ang sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qua s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111a n\u0103ng \u0111a hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-platonism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-platonism\/\" >Neo-Platonism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Neo-protestanism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-protestanism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-protestanism\/\" >Neo-protestanism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Neo-reformation Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-reformation-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-reformation-theology\/\" >Neo-reformation Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Neo-Scholasticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2n H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Scholas-ticism xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edbng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c khoa b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Neo-Scholasticism nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c gia v\u00e0o s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-scholasticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-scholasticism\/\" >Neo-Scholasticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Neo-thomasim&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Th\u00f4-ma (c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o (v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;-20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;) l\u00e0m m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Thomas \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-thomasim\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/neo-thomasim\/\" >Neo-thomasim<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nestorianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Nes-t\u00f4-ris&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Nestorius (d. 451) d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u00f3 hai b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh (\u0110CT). Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y b\u1ecb k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 431AD b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1m ph\u1ea9m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nestorianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nestorianism\/\" >Nestorianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Age Movement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Phong tr\u00e0o kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970&#039;s, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m linh huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 (rein-canation) \u0111\u1ea7u thai, chuy\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfp. Phong tr\u00e0o nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 gi\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n chi\u00eam tinh, t\u00e2m linh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, an sinh v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y do s\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Guru (th\u1ea7y \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o \u0111em v\u00e0o). \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt;, phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa n\u1eefa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-age-movement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-age-movement\/\" >New Age Movement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New American Bible (NAB, 1970)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh New American &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;- &lt;\/em&gt;vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0&lt;em&gt; NAB, 1970&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch do Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Anh. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y thay th\u1ebf b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch KT c\u1ee7a Rheimo-Douay Version (1610). B\u1ea3n NAB \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef H\u00eab-r\u01a1 v\u00e0 Hy-l\u1ea1p b\u1edfi 60 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1987, b\u1ea3n T\u00e2n-\u01af\u1edbc m\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-american-bible-nab-1970\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-american-bible-nab-1970\/\" >New American Bible (NAB, 1970)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New American Standard Bible (NASB, 1963,1970)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh New American Standard Bible, NASB, 1963, 1970&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh Ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng (standard) cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc 1963, v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 1970, do 58 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, r\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1eebng ch\u1eef l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Amerian Standard Version, ASV, 1901&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y (NASB) \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;Jehovah &lt;\/strong&gt;b\u1eb1ng&lt;strong&gt; LORD&lt;\/strong&gt; \u1edf C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-american-standard-bible-nasb-19631970\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-american-standard-bible-nasb-19631970\/\" >New American Standard Bible (NASB, 1963,1970)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Being&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3 M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (Rom. 6; Gal 5; I Cor. 5:17) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;New Creation&lt;\/em&gt; (t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt m\u1edbi). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Paul Tillich (1886-1965) c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00e2y nguy\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt (new being). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i sinh l\u1ea1i, t\u00e1i sinh (Gi\u0103ng 3:3,5), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt m\u1edbi (II Cor 5:17), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea9y x\u00f3a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh, th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a (justification, santification), hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i (union with God) v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh hi\u1ec3n (gloryfication).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-being\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-being\/\" >New Being<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Birth&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e1i Sinh, Sinh M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-birth\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-birth\/\" >New Birth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Body&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-body\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-body\/\" >New Body<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Covenant&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Giao \u01af\u1edbc M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giao \u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i) (Gi\u00ea 31:31-34). N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Giao \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u1ee9a ban \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 giao \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng th\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa &lt;em&gt;Giao \u01af\u1edbc M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao qua d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7p (g\u1eb7p) l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng (Luc. 22:20; I Cor. 11:25tt). C\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0o n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i (Heb. 8:8-13; 10:16-17; 12:24) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00e0nh cho Kinh T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-covenant\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-covenant\/\" >New Covenant<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Creation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ed9t T\u1ea1o V\u1eadt M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi, sau khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ban quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u0169 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea7n gian kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi theo Ng\u00e0i, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Gal. 6:17tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-creation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-creation\/\" >New Creation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Earth&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5t M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi, sau khi chung th\u1ea9m \u1edf To\u00e0 \u00c1n Tr\u1eafng (Rev 21:1tt, Rom 8:8-21; II Phi 3:13).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-earth\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-earth\/\" >New Earth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New England Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc New England&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai n\u1ec1n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa Calvinism v\u00e0 Thanh Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Puritanism&lt;\/em&gt;) d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u00fd mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u201ckinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u201d chung c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y do tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Jonathan Edwards(1703-1758). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00f4ng (Edwardsian) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf New England. Th\u1eadt ra, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Isaac Newton (1642-1727) v\u00e0 John Locke (1632-1704). T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a J. Adwards &quot;&lt;em&gt;Freedom of The Will,&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; 1754, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u00a0 ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-england-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-england-theology\/\" >New England Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New English Bible, NEB (1961, 1970)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh New England Bible. NEB, 1961, 1970&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c do Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m, \u1ee7y giao cho H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh C.H. Dodd (1884-1973). B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc xong 1961, sau \u0111\u00f3 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9 Kinh 1970 (Apoccrypha) v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1970.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-english-bible-neb-1961-1970\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-english-bible-neb-1961-1970\/\" >New English Bible, NEB (1961, 1970)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Evangelicalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd Tin L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn T\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950, nh\u1eb1m mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef Tin L\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay v\u00e0 c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin Th\u00e1nh Kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-evangelicalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-evangelicalism\/\" >New Evangelicalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Hampshire Confession (1833)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin New Hampshire, 1833&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng B\u1ed1 Ni\u1ec1m Tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e1p-t\u00edt h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Cal-vin Dung H\u00f2a, \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i Ban New Hampshire. Nh\u1edd B\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng B\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ee9c Tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chung c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e1p-t\u00edt. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1853, b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y t\u00e1i \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i do MS. J. Newton Brown c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i \u1ea4n Lo\u00e1t Baptist Hoa K\u1ef3 (&lt;em&gt;American Baptist Publication Society&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong Baptist v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;strong&gt;B\u1ea3n Th\u00f4ng \u0110i\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ni\u1ec1m Tin&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Baptist&lt;\/strong&gt; (Baptist Faith and Message) c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i B\u00e1p-tit Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, SBC, 1925). Ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tu ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u01b0u d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i B\u00e1p-t\u00edt. N\u00f3i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin New Hampshire \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p chung hai ngu\u1ed3n t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Calvin v\u00e0 Arminian, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed qu\u00e1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 trong Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo T\u00edn L\u00ed Landmarkism (m\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-hampshire-confession-1833\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-hampshire-confession-1833\/\" >New Hampshire Confession (1833)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Haven Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc New Haven&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u do Jonathan Edward d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m linh th\u1eadt t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng I (Great Awakening I, 1740 tt) v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc cho \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng II (&lt;em&gt;Great Awakening II, 1795&lt;\/em&gt;) - New Haven Theology, l\u00e0 h\u1eadu sinh c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a New England Theology t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a J. Edward l\u00e0 MS. Timothy Dwight, Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Yale (1786-1858) v\u00e0 Nathanic W. Taylor (1786-1858), Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Calvin \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Arminian v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n. New Haven Theology \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Metholist, Disciples, v\u00e0 v\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i B\u00e1p-t\u00edt.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-haven-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-haven-theology\/\" >New Haven Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Heaven&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u1eddi M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn sau khi chung th\u1ea9m, Ch\u00faa thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Tr\u1eddi M\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea5t M\u1edbi&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-heaven\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-heaven\/\" >New Heaven<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Hermeneutic, The&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3ng Gi\u1ea3i, T\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3ng Lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e1p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 R. Bultman (1884-1976), Martin Heidegger (1889-1976), v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1eed t\u00ednh, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a R. Bultman v\u1ec1 T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i &lt;em&gt;Demythologization &lt;\/em&gt;(Tri\u1ec7t H\u00f3a S\u1ef1 Huy\u1ec1n Vi), trong khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ef1c v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh qua \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-hermeneutic-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-hermeneutic-the\/\" >New Hermeneutic, The<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New International Version of The Bible (NIV, 1978)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh M\u1edbi Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf, NIV, 1978&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi Ti\u1ebfng Anh quy t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn 200 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m nay trong c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi Tin L\u00e0nh. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh H\u00eab-r\u01a1 (C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 Hy-l\u1ea1p (T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc) theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p &quot;&lt;em&gt;phrase by phrase&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t) so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc &quot;&lt;em&gt;word by word&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (t\u1eebng ch\u1eef m\u1ed9t) nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (KJV, RSV, or ASV).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-international-version-of-the-bible-niv-1978\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-international-version-of-the-bible-niv-1978\/\" >New International Version of The Bible (NIV, 1978)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Israel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(Gi\u0103ng 8:24; Lu-ca 19:41-44; Rom. 3:2; 7:12-14; 11:25tt; I Cor. 1:20) n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai tin theo Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y nay (Christianity)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-israel\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-israel\/\" >New Israel<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Jerusalem&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u1edf Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 3:12; 21:2, tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd t\u00e1i l\u1eadp V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c M\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem m\u1edbi, c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eddi M\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5t M\u1edbi. L\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3n r\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa (H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh - N\u00e0ng D\u00e2u) v\u00e0o N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (Ch\u00e0ng R\u1ec3) \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hy v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trung t\u00edn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-jerusalem\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-jerusalem\/\" >New Jerusalem<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Jerusalem Bible (NJB, 1985)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh M\u1edbi Jerusalem, NJB, 1985&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Jerusalem (Jerusalem Bible, 1966). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Ti\u1ebfng Anh do c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef H\u00eab-r\u01a1 v\u00e0 Hy-l\u1ea1p. \u1ea4n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1966, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. T\u1ed5ng Ch\u1ee7 Bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n tu ch\u1ec9nh m\u1edbi n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Henry Wansbrough, b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p (1973) v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00edch c\u1ea3m. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf &quot;gi\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh&quot; trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 &quot;he&quot;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-jerusalem-bible-njb-1985\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-jerusalem-bible-njb-1985\/\" >New Jerusalem Bible (NJB, 1985)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New King James Version (NKJV, 1979; 1982)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh M\u1edbi King James, NKJV, 1979, 1982&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tu ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh King James Version, 1601, do Vua (King) James tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tu ch\u00ednh quy t\u1ee5 h\u01a1n 100 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00f3a t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n.\u00a0 C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef v\u0103n th\u1ec3, \u00edt thay \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u1ea3n T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1979, v\u00e0 C\u1ef1u \u1ee6\u1edbc 1982, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong v\u00f2ng c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-king-james-version-nkjv-1979-1982\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-king-james-version-nkjv-1979-1982\/\" >New King James Version (NKJV, 1979; 1982)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Life&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &quot;&lt;em&gt;born again&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;new creation&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;new being&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. N\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi do Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh ban cho, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tin Ch\u00faa. Theo s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 \u1edf R\u00f4-ma 7:6; Ga-la-ti 3,5; C\u00f4-lo-se 3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u0169 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 theo \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng. Sau khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa, m\u1ed7i con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u201c\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi trong Ch\u00faa\u201d. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1eafp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft 5 ch\u1eef T: (1) &lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ebfp Nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i, tin Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng, Gi\u0103ng 3:16, 1:12), (2) &lt;em&gt;Tha T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa tha t\u1ed9i, Rom. 3:23; 6:23), (3) &lt;em&gt;Tuy\u00ean C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m con Ng\u00e0i, Gi\u0103ng 1:12), (4) &lt;em&gt;T\u00e1i Sanh&lt;\/em&gt; (\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, II Cor. 5:17; Gi\u0103ng 3:3-7), (5) Th\u00e1nh H\u00f3a (\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i theo Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh d\u1eabn d\u1eaft m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, Gal. 5:22-24, Gal. 5; \u00caph. 4:17tt, 5; Rom. 6-8).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-life\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-life\/\" >New Life<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Light Schism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;R\u1ea1n N\u1ee9t Trong \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, gi\u1eefa hai cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng I v\u00e0 II c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh (M\u1ef9) v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tu s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i ni\u1ec1m tin &quot;c\u0169&quot; c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Cal-vin (Old Lights), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i &quot;&lt;em&gt;Tia S\u00e1ng C&lt;\/em&gt;\u0169&quot;. Nh\u1eefng ai h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Tia S\u00e1ng M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (New Lights). \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y ra t\u1eeb Jonathan Edward (1703-1758), v\u00ec \u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng &quot;ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng&quot; ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qua s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n (ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-light-schism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-light-schism\/\" >New Light Schism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Lights&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c1nh S\u00e1ng M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7t cho \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng I \u1edf England (1740-1743), v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai trong cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng II, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a George Whitefield (1714-1770). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 Jonathan Edward (1703-1758).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-lights\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-lights\/\" >New Lights<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Morality&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0169. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960&#039;s.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-morality\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-morality\/\" >New Morality<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Quest of Historical Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1edbi V\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Jesus L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Jesus L\u1ecbch S\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, Ernt Kasement (1953). Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n trong chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n &quot;&lt;em&gt;The New Quest of Historical Jesus &lt;\/em&gt;(1959) c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh. A.T. Robinson&quot;. T\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ee9c Jesus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n s\u1eed tr\u1edf n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ - l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf. &lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Historical Jesus&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-quest-of-historical-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-quest-of-historical-jesus\/\" >New Quest of Historical Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Revised Standard Version of the Bible (NRSV, 1989)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tu Ch\u00ednh M\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tu ch\u00ednh m\u1edbi t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n c\u0169 B\u1ea3n Tu Ch\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n (RSV, 1946). B\u1ea3n T\u00e2n Tu Ch\u00ednh, C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, 1952), v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-revised-standard-version-of-the-bible-nrsv-1989\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-revised-standard-version-of-the-bible-nrsv-1989\/\" >New Revised Standard Version of the Bible (NRSV, 1989)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New School Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Presbyteriansm, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Phong tr\u00e0o thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng v\u00e0 T\u00e1i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m Albert Barnes (1798-1870) v\u00e0 Lynan Beecher (1775-1863). S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i m\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Cal-vin c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m (1837-1869).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-school-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-school-theology\/\" >New School Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Testament&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;diath\u00e8k\u00e8&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;covenant&quot;, ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;testamentum&lt;\/em&gt; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Giao \u01af\u1edbc M\u1edbi, so v\u1edbi Giao \u01af\u1edbc C\u0169 l\u00e0 Old Testament (C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc). Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc - Giao \u01af\u1edbc C\u0169 ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t giao \u01b0\u1edbc (m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a) v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 mang s\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc - ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t trong Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-testament\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-testament\/\" >New Testament<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Testament Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-testament-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-testament-theology\/\" >New Testament Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Testament Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh quy v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u00e1o l\u00ed, t\u00edn l\u00ed, tri\u1ebft l\u00ed v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u1eeba b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c cho ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. New Testanment Theology bao h\u00e0m c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y: (1) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Giao \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;:\u00a0 - B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a giao \u01b0\u1edbc (li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m; (2) &lt;strong&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Chris-tology&lt;\/em&gt;): - h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin; (3) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Tranh Lu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;: - Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. T\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng H\u1ed9i-th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn nay, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 - r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 - v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh x\u01b0a nay; (4) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u00edch c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi): - T\u1eeb C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc; (5) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ni\u1ec1m Tin Ch\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;: - Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ee9c Tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i; (6) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n L\u1edbn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;: - Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh; (7) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy \u01af\u1edbc D\u1ecbch Gi\u1ea3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;: - Nh\u1eefng quy \u01b0\u1edbc di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ng\u00e0y nay; (8) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vai Tr\u00f2 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;: - S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi; (9) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ng\u00e0y Sau R\u1ed1t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;: - H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Sau R\u1ed1t; (10) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;: - Ng\u00f4i V\u1ecb Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-testament-theology-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-testament-theology-2\/\" >New Testament Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00fd ki\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-theology\/\" >New Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New World Translation of The Bible, 1961&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh Cho Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi M\u1edbi, 1961&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n Ch\u1ee9ng Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va (Jehovah Witnesses). So b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh chuy\u00ean thu\u1ea7n (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh th\u00ec kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n, (2) \u0110\u1ee9c Jehovah kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, (3) &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ri\u00eang r\u1ebd, m\u1ed7i ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, (4) h\u1ecd d\u1ecbch theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-world-translation-of-the-bible-1961\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-world-translation-of-the-bible-1961\/\" >New World Translation of The Bible, 1961<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;New Yale School of Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Yale&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i do c\u00e1c H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Yale, CT; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 George Lindbeck (b.1923) v\u00e0 Hans Frei (1922-1988). Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c \u0111oan c\u1ee7a t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;Christian&quot; (C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu); t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Christ ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb trong khung kh\u1ed5 v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-yale-school-of-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/new-yale-school-of-theology\/\" >New Yale School of Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Niagara Conferences&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u1edf Niagara Lakes&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb Lu\u1eadn (\u1edf b\u00ean h\u1ed3 Niagara bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Canada) nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Th\u00e1nh Kinh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, v\u00e0 k\u00e9o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay g\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i trong ni\u1ec1m tin b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u00ean tri v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi chung th\u1ea9m, gi\u00e1o l\u00ed thi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n (dispensationalism) \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Th\u00e1nh Kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/niagara-conferences\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/niagara-conferences\/\" >Niagara Conferences<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nicaea (Nicca), 1st Council of, 325 AD&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Ni-cen, 325&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean \u1edf Ni-cen, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd g\u1ed3m Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1, B\u1eafc Phi, Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Nam \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u (Hy-l\u1ea1p, \u00dd v\u00e0 Y-pha-nho). Sau cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p \u1edf C\u00f4ng-v\u1ee5 15), v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp Ni-cen n\u00e0y l\u00e0: (1) S\u1ef1 b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a t\u00edn l\u00ed sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Arius, cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;homo-ausios&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; (2) T\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 Con M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y (d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ch\u01b0a c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n; (3) Vua Constantine m\u1edbi nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa, \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o uy th\u1ebf \u00f4ng trong gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng ra \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nicaea-nicca-1st-council-of-325-ad\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nicaea-nicca-1st-council-of-325-ad\/\" >Nicaea (Nicca), 1st Council of, 325 AD<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nicaea (Nicea), 2nd Council of, 787 AD&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Ni-cen L\u1ea7n II, 787&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 7 (\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 I: Ni-cen 325). \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i do N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Irene tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp, nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o t\u00f4n th\u1edd nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. K\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c, H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh gi\u00e1o l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00f4n th\u1edd c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Hardin I, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nicaea-nicea-2nd-council-of-787-ad\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nicaea-nicea-2nd-council-of-787-ad\/\" >Nicaea (Nicea), 2nd Council of, 787 AD<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nicene Creed&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u Ni-cen&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft &quot;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m Ni-cen, L\u1ea7n I - k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 381, H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m &lt;em&gt;Nicene-Constantinople,&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1eeb g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Nicene Creed&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; v\u1edbi th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean t\u00ednh Ba Ng\u00f4i. L\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus - ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Th\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1eadt 100%.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nicene-creed\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nicene-creed\/\" >Nicene Creed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Niebuhr, Helnut Richard (1894-1962)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Niebuhr, Helnut Richard&lt;\/strong&gt; (1894-1962)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ea3 hai anh em Richard v\u00e0 Reinhold Niehuhr, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng &quot;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3\u201d\u00a0 &lt;\/em&gt;(Christian Realism). Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay, t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi &quot;&lt;em&gt;gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft t\u00e2n ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; c\u1ee7a \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. Richard sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf M\u1ef9, h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Emhurt College v\u00e0 Eden Theological Seminary, sau \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1eadu ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Yale. Sau khi h\u1ecdc xong, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 3 n\u0103m \u1edf H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh St. Louis. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng Emhurt College, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Eden. Neibuhr \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o Khoa (text book) trong c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y nay. \u00d4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trung h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa &lt;em&gt;t\u00e2n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;t\u00e2n ph\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;\u00a0 v\u00e0 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;\u00a0 (gi\u1eefa Friedrich Schleier-macher v\u00e0 Karl Barth). \u00d4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u00e2y \u00c2u, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng bi quan v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y nay. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m: &quot;&lt;em&gt;The Social Sources of Deno-mination&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1929); &quot;&lt;em&gt;The Kingdom of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1937); &quot;&lt;em&gt;Christ and Culture&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1951); &quot;&lt;em&gt;The Meaning of Revelation\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(1941), v\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Radical Mono-theism and Western Cultu&lt;\/em&gt;re\u201d (1960). \u00d4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1962 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc trong gi\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/niebuhr-helnut-richard-1894-1962\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/niebuhr-helnut-richard-1894-1962\/\" >Niebuhr, Helnut Richard (1894-1962)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nihiliaism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed H\u01b0 V\u00f4&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i!.. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ec9nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Godhead) m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf, b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1170 v\u00e0 1177 do h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nihiliaism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nihiliaism\/\" >Nihiliaism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nihilism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft H\u01b0 V\u00f4&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u01b0 v\u00f4 (&lt;em&gt;nothing or nothingness&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean h\u1ec7, kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; khi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nihilism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nihilism\/\" >Nihilism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ninety-five Theses (1517)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean \u00c1n 95 \u0110i\u1ec1u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea 95 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n tu ch\u1ec9nh trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 do Tu S\u0129 (c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0) Martin Luther, trong Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh. M. Luther \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1ea1n d\u0129 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ee9ng ta t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng (hay m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o) thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M. Luther \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u00ean c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn \u1edf Wittenberg, \u0110\u1ee9c (nh\u00e0 th\u1edd hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n). Sau l\u1ea7n l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 khai sinh c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 (t\u1eeb g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Protestant Church).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ninety-five-theses-1517\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ninety-five-theses-1517\/\" >Ninety-five Theses (1517)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nonproposition View of Revelation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Minh Kh\u1ea3i B\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0 so s\u00e1nh hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i - v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i qu\u00e1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, qu\u00e1 si\u00eau ph\u00e0m;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nonproposition-view-of-revelation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nonproposition-view-of-revelation\/\" >Nonproposition View of Revelation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Northfield Conferences&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Northfield&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u1edf Northfield, Massachuchet v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa K\u1ef3 D. L. Moody (1837-1899). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 2000 thanh ni\u00ean t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n d\u00e2ng m\u00ecnh \u0111i ra truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i Sinh Vi\u00ean Thi\u1ec7n Nguy\u1ec7n Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u00e0n TG phi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i m\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/northfield-conferences\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/northfield-conferences\/\" >Northfield Conferences<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nothing\/Nothingness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u00f4ng L\u00e0 G\u00ec C\u1ea3, Kh\u00f4ng C\u00f3 G\u00ec C\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;m\u00e8 on&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;ouk on&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;nothing or non being&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia \u1edf gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; nh\u01b0 K. Barth, E. Brunner \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u trang s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 minh bi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;nihili&lt;\/em&gt;o: h\u01b0 v\u00f4). &quot;&lt;em&gt;Out of nothing&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (ex. nihilo) v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nothing-nothingness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nothing-nothingness\/\" >Nothing\/Nothingness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Novatianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00f3m Chia R\u1ebd Novatian&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Phong tr\u00e0o n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; do nh\u00f3m t\u00e2n ph\u00e1i Novatian (200-258AD), t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Christian Church. H\u1ecd kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m tin trong th\u1eddi b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Darius, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb d\u1ee9t ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. V\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch theo g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 t\u00edn h\u1eefu Tin L\u00e0nh sa ng\u00e3 (lapsed).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/novatianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/novatianism\/\" >Novatianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Nullity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;phi d\u1ee5ng, v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;nullu&lt;\/em&gt; (nothing). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hay m\u1ed9t kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ed9t h\u00f4n th\u00fa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nullity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/nullity\/\" >Nullity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Numerology, Biblical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u00f4n H\u1ecdc T\u00ednh S\u1ed1 Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Biblical Numerology&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/numerology-biblical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/numerology-biblical\/\" >Numerology, Biblical<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-o mix\" data-filter-base=\"o\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">O<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Oak&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi Th\u1ec1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong Anh Ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;strong&gt;Swearing&lt;\/strong&gt;.\u201d Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u00edt d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb Oak. &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Swearing&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/oak\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/oak\/\" >Oak<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Obedience&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 V\u00e2ng Ph\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;S\u00e0ma&lt;\/em&gt; trong Kinh C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc, bao g\u1ed3m v\u1eeba &quot;&lt;em&gt;nghe r\u00f5&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; v\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi It-ra-\u00ean &quot;&lt;em&gt;l\u1eafng nghe&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; v\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;l\u00e0m theo&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Gia-v\u00ea ph\u00e1n. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb &quot;v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c&quot; trong Kinh C\u1ef1u\u00a0 \u01af\u1edbc nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 &quot;ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh&quot;. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 &quot;v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c&quot; v\u00e0 &quot;ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh&quot; \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau. G\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi &quot;v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c&quot; v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &quot;ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh&quot; r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh; c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, &quot;b\u1ea5t v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c&quot; th\u00ec m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh hay g\u1eb7p kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3. Trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch &quot;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3y M\u01b0\u01a1i&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (LXX) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;s\u00e0ma&lt;\/em&gt; ra ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;akovein&lt;\/em&gt; mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u1edf C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u1eeba &quot;nghe&quot; v\u00e0 &quot;\u0111\u00e1p l\u1eddi&quot; ngay. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng 21 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 15 l\u1ea7n danh t\u1eeb trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ai c\u00f3 tai h\u00e3y nghe th\u00ec nghe&quot; &lt;\/em&gt;(Math 11:15; 13:9, 15-16; M\u00e1c 4:9, 23; 8:18; Luc 14:35). Ch\u00faa Jesus nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 &quot;nghe&quot; v\u00e0 &quot;l\u00e0m theo&quot; trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean n\u00fai \u1edf Ma-thi-\u01a1 7:24tt &quot;&lt;em&gt;V\u1eady k\u1ebb n\u00e0o &quot;nghe&quot; l\u1eddi Ta ph\u00e1n \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 &quot;l\u00e0m theo&quot;, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n c\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026..&quot; Amen! Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/obedience\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/obedience\/\" >Obedience<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Obedience of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 V\u00e2ng Ph\u1ee5c C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ghi 3 l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: &quot;&lt;em&gt;b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ), m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Ro-ma 5:19); &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft&quot;&lt;\/em&gt; (Phil 2:8); &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0i n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c qua s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn&quot;&lt;\/em&gt; (Heb 5:8). \u00dd ngh\u0129a trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ebft hy sinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tha t\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vinh hi\u1ec3n. Nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00e2m th\u00fay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o. H\u00e3y xem th\u00eam s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 J. Murray, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Redemption: Ac-complished and Applied&quot;; &quot;The Obedience of Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/obedience-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/obedience-of-christ\/\" >Obedience of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Oberlin Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Oberlin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng I, k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng &quot;&lt;em&gt;th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; v\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; trong \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf Anh, truy\u1ec1n sang \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3. Kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oberlin College, Ohio, do Charles Finney (1792-1875) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u1edf trong ban gi\u1ea3ng hu\u1ea5n. K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi N.W. Taylor, v\u00e0 H. Cowles \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a phong tr\u00e0o l\u00ean t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1n ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng qua n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o &quot;&lt;em&gt;ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft Cal-vin, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh &quot;s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o&quot;, &quot;tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n&quot;, &quot;th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft&quot; v\u00e0 &quot;ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng,&quot; t\u1eeb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i, hay h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i. K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn &quot;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Holiness Movement) do c\u00e1c Nh\u00f3m Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n (Pentacostal), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn phong tr\u00e0o &quot;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng Cao H\u01a1n&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Higher Life and Keswick).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/oberlin-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/oberlin-theology\/\" >Oberlin Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Object of Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed1i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n trong l\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n khoa b\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng minh kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi: (1) Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc), v\u00e0 (2) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec3u Bi\u1ebft Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/object-of-faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/object-of-faith\/\" >Object of Faith<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Object of Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed1i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u0169ng trong \u00fd tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00eang h\u1eb3n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/object-of-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/object-of-theology\/\" >Object of Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Objective Christianity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o Kh\u00e1ch Quan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9ng minh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/objective-christianity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/objective-christianity\/\" >Objective Christianity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Objective Truth&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ebd Th\u1eadt Kh\u00e1c Quan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb do tri\u1ebft gia, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia S. Kierkegaard (1813-1855) d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd (l\u1ebd th\u1eadt) hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3) \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/objective-truth\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/objective-truth\/\" >Objective Truth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Objectivity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u00e1ch Quan T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean (detachment) c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ef1 do (value free).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/objectivity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/objectivity\/\" >Objectivity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Obligation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed5n Ph\u1eadn, Tr\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;obligatio&lt;\/em&gt; (r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, bu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u00e2m tr\u00ed qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/obligation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/obligation\/\" >Obligation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Obsesson&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ecb Nh\u1eadp V\u00e0o, S\u1edf H\u1eefu Ch\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;obsessus&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;being beseiged&quot; (b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y, bao quanh). T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi &quot;possession&quot; (s\u1ef1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, \/\/ chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu) n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ma qu\u1ec9 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/obsesson\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/obsesson\/\" >Obsesson<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Occam (Ockham), William (c.1285-1349)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Occam (Ockham), William&lt;\/strong&gt; (c.1285-1349)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tri\u1ebft gia c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, tri\u1ebft l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (&lt;em&gt;Occamism&lt;\/em&gt;) gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chung theo quy lu\u1eadt lu\u00e2n l\u00ed. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t &quot;quy lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi&quot; \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh &quot;quy lu\u1eadt c\u0169&quot; trong lu\u00e2n l\u00ed. \u00d4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oxford, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb John Duns Scotus tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5ng v\u00f4 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t n\u0103ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Occam (Ockham) \u0111\u1ebb ra t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e0o x\u00e2u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c (sensation). Cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chung h\u00f2a nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ee9c tin, t\u00edn l\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Thomas Aquines, Francis Assisi v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng John XXII.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/occam-ockham-william-c-1285-1349\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/occam-ockham-william-c-1285-1349\/\" >Occam (Ockham), William (c.1285-1349)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Occasionalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00ed Thuy\u1ebft B\u1ea5t Ng\u1edd, C\u00e1 Bi\u1ec7t (D\u1eef Ki\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;) V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1eddng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;occasio&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;&lt;em&gt;event&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;, l\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, theo nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/occasionalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/occasionalism\/\" >Occasionalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Occult (Occultism)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;occultus&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;&lt;em&gt;conscaled&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; che k\u00edn, \u1ea9n d\u1ea5u, che d\u1ea5u. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ea9n d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec; do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n chi\u00eam tinh, ma thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00f3ng, linh t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ma thu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. N\u00f3i chung, tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u: (1) T\u00ecm bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ngo\u00e0i 5 gi\u00e1c quan c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, (2) T\u00ecm c\u00e1ch li\u00ean h\u1ec7 qua ma thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, (3) Xin quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ma l\u1ef1c theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/occult-occultism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/occult-occultism\/\" >Occult (Occultism)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Octatuech&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e1t Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;okta&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;t\u00e1m&quot;, &lt;em&gt;teuchos&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;s\u00e1ch&quot;, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Kinh thay v\u00ec c\u00f3 Ng\u0169 Kinh ho\u1eb7c L\u1ee5c Kinh. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb S\u00e1ng-th\u1ebf K\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn Ru-t\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/octatuech\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/octatuech\/\" >Octatuech<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Octave&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;okta&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;t\u00e1m&quot;. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m - l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh gi\u00e1ng l\u00e2m l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1eed 8, - ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Gi\u00e1ng L\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. Ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n - ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 40 (th\u1ee9 8) c\u1ee7a tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 4 (C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 2) H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y trong l\u1ecbch Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/octave\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/octave\/\" >Octave<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Offering&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 D\u00e2ng Hi\u1ebfn, D\u00e2ng T\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;offere&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to carry up&quot; &quot;to offer&quot;. T\u1eeb c\u00f3 3 ngh\u0129a, \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u1eb7ng\/d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n\/b\u00e0y&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Trong C\u01af, t\u1eeb d\u00e2ng &lt;strong&gt;\u05de\u05b4\u05e0\u05b0\u05d7\u05b8\u0596\u05d4 &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;min-hah, &lt;\/em&gt;an offering), v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong TK l\u00e0 l\u00fac 2 anh em Ca-in v\u00e0 A-b\u00ean d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt cho Ch\u00faa, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n 211 l\u1ea7n trong C\u01af. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac Ca-in v\u00e0 A-b\u00ean d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf (\u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1m \u01a1n) \u0110CT v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ban cho c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Trong s\u00e1ch Le-vi-k\u00fd d\u00f9ng &lt;strong&gt;(\u05e7\u05b8\u05e8\u05b0\u05d1\u05b7\u05bc\u05a4\u05df)&lt;\/strong&gt; \u00a0&lt;strong&gt;\u05ea\u05b7\u05e7\u05b0\u05e8\u05b4\u059e\u05d9\u05d1&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;taq-rib&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;qa-r\u01a1-ban), &lt;\/em&gt;offer or &lt;em&gt;present&lt;\/em&gt; -tr\u00ecnh&lt;em&gt; \/\/ &lt;\/em&gt;d\u00e2ng). T\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;ta&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;q-rib&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 284 l\u1ea7n. Trong T\u01af, t\u1eeb&lt;strong&gt; \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;h&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;offer, present&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n 47 l\u1ea7n. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 3 \u00fd tr\u00ean n\u00f3i khi m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ct\u1eb7ng\u201d hay \u201cd\u00e2ng\u201d lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng hay t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, k\u00ednh n\u1ec3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ng\u00e0y nay trong HT Ch\u00faa, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t: (1) D\u00e2ng c\u00f4ng hay c\u1ee7a (&lt;em&gt;ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c hay c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa, (2) D\u00e2ng \u201cth\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u201d v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa trong HT. \u201c\u0110\u1ea7y t\u1edb\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi theo T\u01af l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110CT,\u201d th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi ra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e0 Ch\u00faa, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ho \u201cd\u00e2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng\u201d l\u00e0m \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00faa g\u1ecdi\u201d l\u00e0m\u00a0 \u201ct\u00f4i t\u1edb Ch\u00faa\u201d. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, Phao-l\u00f4 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi, \u201c&lt;em&gt;V\u1eady, h\u1ee1i anh em, t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi khuy\u00ean anh em &lt;strong&gt;d\u00e2ng&lt;\/strong&gt; th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a anh em.\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;\u201c(Rom 12:1). T\u1eeb \u201c&lt;strong&gt;d\u00e2ng&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d m\u00e0 Phao-l\u00f4 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 to \u201c&lt;strong&gt;present&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n (t\u1ecf b\u00e0y) th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a anh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh\u2026\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Phao-l\u00f4 khuy\u00ean con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u201c&lt;em&gt;h\u00e3y d\u00e2ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e3y \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u1ecf ra, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;h\u00e3y s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nH\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u201cd\u00e2ng\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u01b0a?\u00a0 T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;sacrifice&lt;\/em&gt;.\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;Sacrifice&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/offering\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/offering\/\" >Offering<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Offices of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trong m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 &quot;Ti\u00ean Tri,&quot; l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd Ng\u00e0i (Gi\u0103ng 15:15) \u0111\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0m trung gian gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Heb. 4:14-7:28), v\u00e0 Vua, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00ed vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Luc. 17:21, I Cor. 15:25).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/offices-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/offices-of-christ\/\" >Offices of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Oil Anointing With&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u1ea7u, X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0: x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ti\u00ean tri (Sa-mu-en), x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Vua (c\u00e1c Vua). Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, ch\u1ecbu x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i. Vi\u1ec7c x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t &quot;l\u1ec5&quot; chung v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t tay. X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u trong l\u1ec5 &quot;X\u00e1c Nh\u1eadn&quot; (Confirmation), &quot;Th\u1ee5 Phong&quot; M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 (ordination) hay Ch\u1ea5p S\u1ef1. Trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c &quot;X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u&quot; \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m (C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 v\u00e0 Gia-c\u01a1).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/oil-anointing-with\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/oil-anointing-with\/\" >Oil Anointing With<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Old Catholics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ef1u C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f3 3 l\u1ea7n trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m Trent (1545-1563) (Council of Trent), v\u1ec1 sau h\u1ecd gi\u1eef T\u00edn L\u00ed Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Orthodox Christian Doc-trines), v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3. H\u1ecd g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang h\u1ecd l\u00e0 &quot;National Catholics&quot; (C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Qu\u1ed1c Gia).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-catholics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-catholics\/\" >Old Catholics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Old Covenant&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Giao \u01af\u1edbc C\u0169&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Old Testament&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-covenant\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-covenant\/\" >Old Covenant<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Old Life&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng C\u0169&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft. \u00d4ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u201c\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u0169\u201d c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf s\u00e1ch Ga-la-ti, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5:13-26 v\u00e0 C\u00f4-lo-se, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7, tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh \u201c&lt;em&gt;n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, \u0111\u1ec3 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi theo Ch\u00faa. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u00e3y \u201c&lt;em&gt;b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026\u201d m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y (Gal. 5:24). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u0169, nh\u01b0 sau: (1) &lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c \u0110\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;: \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u2013 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7n gian, (2) &lt;em&gt;Theo T\u01b0 D\u1ee5c:&lt;\/em&gt; S\u1ed1ng theo b\u1ea3n ng\u1ea3, \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, ham th\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, (3) &lt;em&gt;N\u00f4 L\u1ec7 T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;: C\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m th\u00eam t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u2013 Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 trong t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 Sa-tan \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 h\u1ecd. (4) &lt;em&gt;K\u1ebft Qu\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;: \u0110au kh\u1ed5 th\u00eam \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng th\u00eam g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sao ra kh\u1ecfi, (5) &lt;em&gt;H\u1eadu Qu\u1ea3 Cu\u1ed1i C\u00f9ng&lt;\/em&gt;: \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t sau c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi trong h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c, n\u01a1i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn v\u00e0 xa c\u00e1ch Ch\u00faa m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. (Gi\u0103ng\u00a0 3:16; 3:36, Rom. 3:23; 6:23; Rom. 5-8; Gal. 5:12-21; \u00caph. 4:17tt, 5; Kh\u1ea3i 20:11-15).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-life\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-life\/\" >Old Life<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Old Nature&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed5n T\u00ednh C\u0169&lt;\/em&gt;, Ga-la-ti 5:1tt&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-nature\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-nature\/\" >Old Nature<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Old Roman Creed&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt; (Apostle Creed), kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4. C\u00f3 s\u00e1ch cho r\u1eb1ng B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt;, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1eadu c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. R\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u &lt;em&gt;Old Roman Creed&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-roman-creed\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-roman-creed\/\" >Old Roman Creed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Old School Theology (Presbyterianism)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Cal-vin l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb khi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Princeton thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Hoa K\u1ef3 (American Presbyterian) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5, thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;New School of Theology&lt;\/em&gt; (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc M\u1edbi). C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 bao g\u1ed3m Archibald Alexander (1772-1851), Charles Hodge (1797-1878) v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng do l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i chia \u0111\u00f4i n\u0103m 1837, v\u1ec1 sau hi\u1ec7p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1869.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-school-theology-presbyterianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-school-theology-presbyterianism\/\" >Old School Theology (Presbyterianism)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Old Side Presbyterian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e1i C\u1ef1u Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, ph\u00eda b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 theo Cal-vin, b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 thanh gi\u00e1o, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi W. Tennent (1673-1746) v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Log College g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;New Side Presbyterian.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-side-presbyterian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-side-presbyterian\/\" >Old Side Presbyterian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Old Testament&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Th\u00e1nh Kinh g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n: C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc (ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u) v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc (ph\u1ea7n sau). Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean. Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i qua Con Ng\u00e0i (Ch\u00ednh \u0110CT), l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia. Ph\u1ea7n sau T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc bao g\u1ed3m Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n - Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf - \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia ra \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c qua \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh d\u1eabn d\u1eaft. Ph\u1ea7n C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 c\u00f3 46 s\u00e1ch, c\u00f2n C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Tin L\u00e0nh, C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch&lt;\/em&gt;) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 39 s\u00e1ch. Ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ee9 Kinh\u201d hay \u201cKinh Th\u1ee9\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Apocrypha&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-testament\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-testament\/\" >Old Testament<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Old Testament Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i t\u1eeb khi s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf - \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i (\u0111i tr\u00e1i \u00fd Ch\u00faa) - v\u00e0 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.\u00a0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e0i bao g\u1ed3m d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 (1) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;: Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i - \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o - \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a - \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ec3 - \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n N\u0103ng \u0111ang b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c Ng\u00e0i; (2) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi:&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; T\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i - s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft - s\u1ef1 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i; (3) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia:&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; - ti\u00ean tri v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi; (4) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi: -&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; Qua s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft tuy\u1ec3n d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean; (5) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i: - &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u xa x\u01b0a v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t khai tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. T\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y: &lt;strong&gt;Omnipotence of God&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi -\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea5ng V\u00f4 S\u1edf B\u1ea5t N\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;Omnibenevolent of God&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi -\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Bao Dung&lt;\/em&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;Omnipresence of God&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi -\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea5ng V\u00f4 S\u1edf B\u1ea5t T\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;Omniscience of God &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi - \u0110\u1ea5ng V\u00f4 S\u1edf B\u1ea5t Tri&lt;\/em&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;Omnitemporal of God&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi - \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u1ea5t Bi\u1ebfn)&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-testament-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/old-testament-theology\/\" >Old Testament Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Omnibenevolent of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi -\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Bao Dung&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/omnibenevolent-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/omnibenevolent-of-god\/\" >Omnibenevolent of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Omnipotence of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi -\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea5ng V\u00f4 S\u1edf B\u1ea5t N\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/omnipotence-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/omnipotence-of-god\/\" >Omnipotence of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Omnipresence of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi -\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea5ng V\u00f4 S\u1edf B\u1ea5t T\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/omnipresence-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/omnipresence-of-god\/\" >Omnipresence of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Omniscience of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi - \u0110\u1ea5ng V\u00f4 S\u1edf B\u1ea5t Tri&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/omniscience-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/omniscience-of-god\/\" >Omniscience of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Omnitemporal of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi - \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u1ea5t Bi\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/omnitemporal-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/omnitemporal-of-god\/\" >Omnitemporal of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Oneness Pentacostalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1914, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t (Trinity). Do \u0111\u00f3, khi l\u00e0m L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem (ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m b\u00e1p-tem l\u1ea1i) nh\u00e2n danh Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u00f4m nay, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n Th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1ea5t (United Pentacostal Church) c\u0169ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y &quot;&lt;em&gt;ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/oneness-pentacostalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/oneness-pentacostalism\/\" >Oneness Pentacostalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Only Begotten&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Con \u0110\u1ed9c Sanh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;monogence&lt;\/em&gt; (ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n sinh). T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng 9 l\u1ea7n trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. Ni\u1ec1m tin con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ l\u00e0 Con M\u1ed9t - Con \u0110\u1ed9c Sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/only-begotten\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/only-begotten\/\" >Only Begotten<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ontological Argument&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tranh Lu\u1eadn B\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3 Th\u1ef1c H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n do Th\u00e1nh Anselm (1033-1109) lu\u1eadn th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c lu\u1eadn l\u00ed. Theo \u00f4ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft g\u00ec cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 - \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Linh. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft - kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn, - t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 minh, u t\u1ed1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ontological-argument\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ontological-argument\/\" >Ontological Argument<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ontological Deity of Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3 Ch\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 qua s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ontological-deity-of-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ontological-deity-of-jesus\/\" >Ontological Deity of Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ontologism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t Thuy\u1ebft L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ontologism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ontologism\/\" >Ontologism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ontology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t Th\u1ef1c H\u1eefu H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;on &lt;\/em&gt;(being): h\u1eefu th\u1ec3, sinh th\u1ec3, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3; &lt;em&gt;logy&lt;\/em&gt; (study): h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i h\u1eefu th\u1ec3, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111ang c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ontology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ontology\/\" >Ontology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Open Communion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh Chung&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh c\u1eed l\u1ec5 ri\u00eang cho con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh (ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i), v\u00e0 do m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1eed l\u1ec5 (ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi). Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n theo nghi th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean. H\u1ecd c\u1eed L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Open Communion&lt;\/em&gt;. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Close Communion&lt;\/em&gt;. Ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5p-s\u1ef1 hay ban ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0. N\u00f3i chung, trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u1eafm v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/open-communion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/open-communion\/\" >Open Communion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Opus Dei&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin, &quot;&lt;em&gt;work of God&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi). L\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Benedict (c.480-547) c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng tu kh\u1eafc k\u1ec9 (&lt;em&gt;monastist&lt;\/em&gt;\/ &lt;em&gt;monasticism&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cao c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang nghi th\u1ee9c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u1edbi con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/opus-dei\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/opus-dei\/\" >Opus Dei<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Oracles of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ea5m Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. S\u1ea5m Truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Oracula Dei&lt;\/em&gt; l\u1eddi s\u1ea5m truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch bao h\u00e0m b\u1edfi Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia J. Calvin (1509-1564), \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi n\u00f3i hay b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9, b\u00e0y t\u1ecf, ti\u00ean tri, minh kh\u1ea3i cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0: s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, Th\u00e1nh Kinh, L\u1ecbch S\u1eed C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c (Redemptive History), gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/oracles-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/oracles-of-god\/\" >Oracles of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Orange, Councils of (441-529 A.D)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Orange&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f3 hai H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m h\u1ecdp \u1edf Orange, Ph\u00e1p. T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Augustine, v\u1ec1 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a &lt;em&gt;Semi-Pelagianism&lt;\/em&gt; (B\u00e1n Nhi\u00ean T\u00ednh).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orange-councils-of-441-529-a-d\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orange-councils-of-441-529-a-d\/\" >Orange, Councils of (441-529 A.D)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ordain&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ec3, \u0110\u1eb7t Nhi\u1ec7m, S\u1eafp \u0110\u1eb7t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;ordinare&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to order&quot; (\u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m). T\u1eeb n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho m\u1ed9t ai hay cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. (&lt;em&gt;Ordination,&lt;\/em&gt; l\u1ec5 th\u1ee5 phong, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec7m).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ordain\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ordain\/\" >Ordain<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Order&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ec7nh L\u1ec7nh, C\u1ea5p B\u1eadc, Ph\u1ea9m Tr\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;ordo&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;rank&quot; (c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc, ph\u1ea9m tr\u1eadt). T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/order\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/order\/\" >Order<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Order of Created Things&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin ordo rerum creatarum&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, k\u1ebb c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/order-of-created-things\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/order-of-created-things\/\" >Order of Created Things<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Order of Decreed Things&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tr\u1eadt T\u1ef1 Theo L\u1ec7nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/order-of-decreed-things\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/order-of-decreed-things\/\" >Order of Decreed Things<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Order of Salvation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ebfn Tr\u00ecnh C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, Qui T\u1eafc C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/order-of-salvation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/order-of-salvation\/\" >Order of Salvation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Orders of Creation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u1eadt T\u1ef1 S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng &lt;em&gt;Ger. ordnungen &lt;\/em&gt;(s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o). T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; do tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Enlangen (\u0110\u1ee9c) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. C\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh b\u00f3ng (image) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Order of Created Things&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;\/strong&gt;c\u1ee7a J. Calvin th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orders-of-creation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orders-of-creation\/\" >Orders of Creation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ordi-nation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Th\u1ee5 Phong&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;ordinatio&lt;\/em&gt; (ordering). L\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1edfi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 hay ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 qua \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u1eed l\u1ec5 cho s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn cao c\u1ea3 n\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1ec5 Truy\u1ec1n Ch\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 v\u00e0 GH C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi L\u1ec5 Th\u1ee5 Phong M\u1ee5c S\u01b0.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ordi-nation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ordi-nation\/\" >Ordi-nation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ordinance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 S\u1eafp \u0110\u1ecbnh, S\u1eafc L\u1ec7nh, Qui \u0110\u1ecbnh L\u1ec5 Nghi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;ordinars&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;arrange&quot; s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, l\u00e0 m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c &quot;b\u00ed t\u00edch&quot;. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Catholic&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh (&lt;em&gt;Christianity&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u00f3i chung.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ordinance\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ordinance\/\" >Ordinance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ordination of Woman&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ee5 Phong N\u1eef M\u1ee5c S\u01b0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee5 phong cho n\u1eef gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 ch\u0103n b\u1ea7y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, duy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o l\u00ed tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 SBC (Southern Baptist Conven-tion), CMA, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c GHTL nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ordination-of-woman\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ordination-of-woman\/\" >Ordination of Woman<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Origen\/Origenism (c.185-254)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Origen&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Sau th\u1eddi c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3, ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i l\u00e0 Th\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5. Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Origen (h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a GP. Clement \u1edf Alexandria) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd qua c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed sau \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o li Origen (Origenism): &lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu linh h\u1ed3n; - b\u00e1n b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Con;\u00a0 - gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0&lt;em&gt;\u00a0 - chung th\u1ea9m (Universa-lism&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o l\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u00e1ch &lt;em&gt;De Principlis&lt;\/em&gt;: N\u1ec1n T\u1ea3ng T\u00edn L\u00ed, d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng La-tin, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean b\u1ed5n, trong b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; do H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m l\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 II Constantinople, 553AD, m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/origen-origenism-c-185-254\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/origen-origenism-c-185-254\/\" >Origen\/Origenism (c.185-254)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Original of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i Nguy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do A-dam ph\u1ea1m tr\u00e1i l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u1ea5m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/original-of-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/original-of-sin\/\" >Original of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Original Righteousness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y trong t\u00e2m t\u1ecf ra trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;strong&gt;. &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/original-righteousness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/original-righteousness\/\" >Original Righteousness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Original Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i Nguy\u00ean, T\u1ed9i Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;peccatum originalis&lt;\/em&gt;. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sa ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Adam - Eva (S\u00e1ng 1,2). T\u1ed9i tr\u00e1i l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i hay t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u1edf S\u00e1ng 3, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sa ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y (&lt;em&gt;Original Righteousness c\u1ee7a Image of God&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, V\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y, qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (M. Luther, R\u00f4-ma - nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/original-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/original-sin\/\" >Original Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Orthodox&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng\/ Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;orthodoxos&lt;\/em&gt;, do ch\u1eef &lt;em&gt;orthos&lt;\/em&gt; (right, \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;doxa, &lt;\/em&gt;belief, tin), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00fang, ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng do c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c t\u00edn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i tin ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o. V\u1ec1 sau, t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng (&lt;em&gt;Orthodox Church&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y gi\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn chung 7 B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin c\u1ee7a 7 H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (325-681), c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (&lt;em&gt;Eastern Orthodox Church&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u1ec1 sau, h\u1ecd t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o (T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng) (&lt;em&gt;Western)&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Roman Catholic&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1054AD&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orthodox\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orthodox\/\" >Orthodox<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Orthodox Spirituality&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh Th\u1ea7n Linh Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tinh th\u1ea7n sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orthodox-spirituality\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orthodox-spirituality\/\" >Orthodox Spirituality<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Orthodox Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1ec1n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed, tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9c tin do c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn trong 5 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 10 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Byzantine. Sau \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orthodox-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orthodox-theology\/\" >Orthodox Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Orthodox Tradition&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9c tin (c\u1ee7a 5 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u) nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;, v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n X\u00e1c T\u00edn Ni-cen 325&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. - &lt;strong&gt;Feast of Orthodoxy &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Nghi L\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;). - &lt;strong&gt;Orthopraxis &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orthodox-tradition\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orthodox-tradition\/\" >Orthodox Tradition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Orthodoxy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 GH Lutheran v\u00e0 GH Reform \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orthodoxy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orthodoxy\/\" >Orthodoxy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Orthodoxy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;trong gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orthodoxy-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/orthodoxy-2\/\" >Orthodoxy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Osiander, Andreas (1498-1552)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Osiander, Andreas&lt;\/strong&gt; (1498-1552)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, \u00f4ng theo M. Luther \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee5 phong linh m\u1ee5c 1520 t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd: Marburg Coloquy, 1529, Augsburg Diet, 1530; Smacald Articles, 1537.\u00a0 \u00d4ng c\u00fang la m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u00f4ng \u1edf trong ban Tu Ch\u00ednh B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Vulgate, v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean s\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;Harmony of the Four Gospel&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. V\u1ec1 sau, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, tham d\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong gi\u1edbi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Konigsberg \u1edf Prusia. \u00d4ng n\u1eb7ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh. Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Luther (1550) trong ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (Justification) \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh (Righteousness), thay v\u00ec tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh. H\u00e3y tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh cho nh\u1eefng ai tin. Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed n\u00e0y b\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Formula of Concord (1577) t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng &lt;em&gt;De Justificatione&lt;\/em&gt;, 1550, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/osiander-andreas-1498-1552\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/osiander-andreas-1498-1552\/\" >Osiander, Andreas (1498-1552)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Otto, Rudolf (1869-1937)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Otto, Rudolf&lt;\/strong&gt; (1869-1937)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Peine (\u0110\u1ee9c). H\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Erlangen v\u00e0 Gottengen. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u1edf Gottengen, Breslan v\u00e0 Marburg. \u00d4ng uy\u00ean b\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m trong ni\u1ec1m tin, v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t lu\u00e2n l\u00ed, v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c chung v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 t\u00ednh. Kinh Nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. S\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m: &lt;em&gt;Das Heilege&lt;\/em&gt; (1917) - &lt;em&gt;The Idea of Holy&lt;\/em&gt; - S\u00e1ch b\u00e0n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d (Holy).\u00a0 S\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 14 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. S\u00e1ch sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;The Philosophy of Religion &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0&lt;em&gt; Science and Religion&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/otto-rudolf-1869-1937\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/otto-rudolf-1869-1937\/\" >Otto, Rudolf (1869-1937)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ousia&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3, Sinh Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;ousia&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;being&quot; (h\u1eefu th\u1ec3) hay &quot;substance&quot; (b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t). Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;essentia substantia&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng then ch\u1ed1t trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u1edf Nicence 325, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus - c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, v\u00e0 - c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. Xin \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd c\u00f3 3 t\u1eeb c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t: &quot;&lt;em&gt;being&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;substance&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;, v\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;essence&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; c\u1ea3 3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. (&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam m\u1ee5c Council of Nicence 325 AD).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ousia\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ousia\/\" >Ousia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Owen, John (1616-1683)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Owen, John&lt;\/strong&gt; (1616-1683)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia thu\u1ed9c thanh gi\u00e1o quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m theo th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang (&lt;em&gt;Congregationalism&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc \u1edf Oxford t\u1ea1i Queen&#039;s College, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u00fac s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Thanh Gi\u00e1o (Puritan). \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf Forkham v\u00e0 \u1edf Coggeshall (1643-1651). \u00d4ng c\u0169ng trong \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u0169 v\u1edbi Cromwell \u0111\u1ebfn Scottland v\u00e0 Ireland. N\u0103m 1651, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1m H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ Church, Oxford. T\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Anh. N\u0103m 1660, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfi HT \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ Church v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp. 20 n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp Anh (&lt;em&gt;England Non-Conformity&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang Anh. T\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t v\u1edbi Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Cal-vin (v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3) v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng (v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/owen-john-1616-1683\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/owen-john-1616-1683\/\" >Owen, John (1616-1683)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Oxford Group&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00f3m Oxford&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u00f3m t\u00edn h\u1eefu phi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oxford \u0111\u00e3 khai sinh phong tr\u00e0o &quot;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng Thay \u0110\u1ed5i&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Life-changing) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu (Christian). Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u do F.N.D. Buchman (1928), nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Ch\u00faa, theo s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, trong s\u1ea1ch, b\u1ecf t\u01b0 k\u1ef7, th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng... V\u1ec1 sau, sau n\u0103m 1934 phong tr\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00e1i L\u1eadp&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Moral Rearmament&lt;\/em&gt;) or (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00e2n L\u1eadp&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/oxford-group\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/oxford-group\/\" >Oxford Group<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Oxford Movement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng Oxford&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oxford x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Qu\u1ed1c (1833-1845) v\u00e0 trong Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Anh Gi\u00e1o (Anglicanism) d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u do John Keble (1792-1866), v\u00e0 E.B. Puisey (1800-1882), v\u00e0 J.H. Newman (1801-1890), h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m chung trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh trung.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/oxford-movement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/oxford-movement\/\" >Oxford Movement<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-p mix\" data-filter-base=\"p\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">P<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;P&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1eef P&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u1eef t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a &quot;Ngu\u1ed3n V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Priestly Source)&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc do c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Ngay t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng ghi ch\u00e9p l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ghi ch\u00e9p l\u01b0u gi\u1eef ph\u1ea7n &quot;chuy\u1ec7n t\u00edch&quot; c\u1ee7a Kinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (S\u00e1ng 1). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh trong khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, M\u00f4i-se l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a 5 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, chuy\u1ec7n t\u00edch th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i xa x\u01b0a, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa?.. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hay m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho M\u00f4i-se vi\u1ebft ra c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t sau n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/p\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/p\/\" >P<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paedobaptism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem Tr\u1ebb Em&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;pais&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;child&quot; (&lt;em&gt;con tr\u1ebb, em b\u00e9&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;baptizein&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to baptize&quot; (&lt;em&gt;nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00f3i l\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem cho tr\u1ebb con. Th\u01b0\u1eddng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i trong Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y. Trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem l\u1ea1i (&lt;em&gt;Anabaptist&lt;\/em&gt;) cho nh\u1eefng ai th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i, c\u00f4ng x\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paedobaptism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paedobaptism\/\" >Paedobaptism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pagan\/ paganism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;paganus&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;peasant&quot;, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng tin theo Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (&lt;em&gt;non-Christian&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1edd \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u00e2n Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Paganisma&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;\/strong&gt;nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft t\u00f4n th\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pagan-paganism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pagan-paganism\/\" >Pagan\/ paganism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pain of God Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Ni\u1ec1m \u0110au \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Lutheran - Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Kazo Kitamori (\u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Tokyo), \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1i n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 &quot;Trung T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m.&quot; Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u0111au c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh. Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt, sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 II, c\u00f3 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u1ea7y: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi y\u00eau con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, (2) Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u ni\u1ec1m \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh. (3) Ni\u1ec1m \u0111au c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa khi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e0nh b\u1ecf Con Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean Th\u1eadp Gi\u00e1, (4) Trong t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3m, \u0110CT c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111au v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pain-of-god-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pain-of-god-theology\/\" >Pain of God Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Palm Sunday&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 L\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh ca t\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 vinh quang c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus khi Ng\u00e0i \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh Jerusalem, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang n\u00f4 n\u1ee9c hoan ngh\u00eanh tung h\u00f4 Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Vua. H\u1ecd h\u00f4 l\u1edbn &quot;&lt;em&gt;Hosana&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; v\u00e0 tung h\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 c\u00e2y Palm (&lt;em&gt;d\u1eeba, d\u1ee9a, k\u00e8&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3, l\u00e1 c\u00e2y Palm t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng (Gi\u0103ng 12:13). Nh\u01b0ng trong con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa th\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft qua s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i (Kh\u1ea3i 7: 9-12). Ng\u00e0y &lt;em&gt;Palm Sunday&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u tu\u1ea7n, Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u tu\u1ea7n (1 tu\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00f3). GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef Ng\u00e0y CN Palm n\u1ea7y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/palm-sunday\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/palm-sunday\/\" >Palm Sunday<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pancosmism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3 Trong \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;pan&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;all&quot;, &lt;em&gt;cosmos&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;world&quot;, tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n theo m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3 theo c\u00e1i nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n cao c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n \/\/ \u0110CT.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pancosmism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pancosmism\/\" >Pancosmism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Panentheism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3 C\u00f3 Th\u1ea7n Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;pan&lt;\/em&gt; \u201call\u201d (&lt;em&gt;t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;en&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;in&quot; (&lt;em&gt;trong&lt;\/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;theos &lt;\/em&gt;&quot;God&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u00f9ng do Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia K. C. F. Krause (1781-1832) n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n \u1edf trong. Tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &quot;&lt;strong&gt;pantheism&lt;\/strong&gt;&quot;: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n linh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, tr\u00edch d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi John Toland (1670-1722).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/panentheism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/panentheism\/\" >Panentheism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Panlo-gism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ec1u C\u00f3 L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb tr\u00edch d\u00f9ng do G. W. Hegel (1770-1831) ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 cao c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ed lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111ang sinh ho\u1ea1t trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/panlo-gism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/panlo-gism\/\" >Panlo-gism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Panpsychism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3 Duy T\u00e2m L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;tri\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\/vi\u1ec7c do t\u00e2m (l\u00ed) m\u00e0 ra. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i h\u1eefu (&lt;em&gt;immanence&lt;\/em&gt;) trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c\/v\u1eadt.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/panpsychism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/panpsychism\/\" >Panpsychism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pantocrator\/ Pantokrator&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Cai Tr\u1ecb T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pantocrator-pantokrator\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pantocrator-pantokrator\/\" >Pantocrator\/ Pantokrator<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Papa Blessing&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ch\u00fac Ph\u01b0\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;hay L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Cha Ch\u00fac Ph\u01b0\u1edbc;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/papa-blessing\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/papa-blessing\/\" >Papa Blessing<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Papacy, The&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadn Cha, Quy\u1ec1n Cha&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;pappas&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;father&quot;. L\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh do c\u00e1c Cha trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3. Do \u0111\u00f3, Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cao c\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c (Cha x\u1ee9, nh\u1ecf) c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean H\u1ed9i-th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/papacy-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/papacy-the\/\" >Papacy, The<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Papal Infallibility&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng V\u00f4 Ng\u1ed9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/papal-infallibility-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/papal-infallibility-2\/\" >Papal Infallibility<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Papal Infallibility&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 V\u00f4 Ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00edn l\u00ed tin r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, sai l\u1ea7m \u2013 (Vatican I). &lt;em&gt;Infallibily of the Bible&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n t\u1ef1 Th\u00e1nh Kinh).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/papal-infallibility\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/papal-infallibility\/\" >Papal Infallibility<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Papal Mass&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh L\u1ec5 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/papal-mass\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/papal-mass\/\" >Papal Mass<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Papal Supremacy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec1n Cao C\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb th\u1eeba k\u1ebf S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phi-e-r\u01a1. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i xem \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c cao c\u1ea3 cai qu\u1ea3n to\u00e0n gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc La M\u00e3 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o cho r\u1eb1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00e2u Ma-thi-\u01a1 16:18-19 v\u00e0 Gi\u0103ng 21:15).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/papal-supremacy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/papal-supremacy\/\" >Papal Supremacy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Parable&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ea8n D\u1ee5, V\u00ed D\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201cparabol\u00e8\u201d (&lt;em&gt;a comparing&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 do Ch\u00faa Jesus d\u1ea1y trong Kinh T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n hay l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, \u0111o\u1ea3n v\u0103n\u2026 nh\u1eb1m minh h\u1ecda, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng cho ch\u00fang ta h\u00f4m nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/parable\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/parable\/\" >Parable<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paraclete&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi An \u1ee6i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201cparaklete\u201d (&lt;em&gt;helper, ng\u01b0\u1eddi an \u1ee7i, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t do Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng An \u1ee6i, \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u1ea3o An hay \u0110\u1ea5ng Bi\u1ec7n H\u1ed9, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u1ebd \u1edf v\u1edbi m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i sau khi Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean (Gi\u0103ng 14:16, 26; 15:26; 16:7) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng cho ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u00e0o Ch\u1eefa, Bi\u1ec7n H\u1ed9&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paraclete\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paraclete\/\" >Paraclete<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paradize&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 \u201cpard\u00e8s,\u201d Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201cparadeises&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;park, garden&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 &quot;Garden of Eden&quot; (&lt;em&gt;V\u01b0\u1eddn Eden&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong Do-th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf cao sang \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd cho linh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft ch\u1edd ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. C\u00f2n trong n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng (Luc. 23:43; II Cor. 12:4; Kh\u1ea3i 2:7).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paradize\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paradize\/\" >Paradize<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paradox&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ngh\u1ecbch L\u00ed, \u0110\u1ed1i X\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201cpara-doxos,\u201d La-tin \u201cparadoxus&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;contrary to all expectation&lt;\/em&gt;), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed trong ni\u1ec1m tin C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0: &quot;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; hay l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus &quot;&lt;em&gt;v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n linh v\u1eeba l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&lt;\/em&gt;,&quot; hay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa (&lt;em&gt;Christian&lt;\/em&gt;) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh&quot; m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 &quot;k\u1ebb t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n.&quot;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paradox\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paradox\/\" >Paradox<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paradox Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ed1i X\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia hi\u1ec7n sinh, v\u00e0 trong Ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y do Soren Kiergaard (1813-1855) v\u00e0 Karl Barth (1886-1968) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong ni\u1ec1m tin C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o tuy ngh\u1ecbch l\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paradox-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paradox-theology\/\" >Paradox Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paralogism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed Ngh\u1ecbch L\u00ed, Duy Ngh\u1ecbch L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paralogism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paralogism\/\" >Paralogism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pardon\/Pardoner&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Xin Tha Th\u1ee9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;perdo-nare&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;tha n\u1ee3&lt;\/em&gt;), t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o L\u00e3 M\u00e3 trong th\u1eddi Tu S\u0129 M. Luther C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai \u0111i b\u00e1n \u201cb\u00f9a x\u00e1 t\u1ed9i\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin tha th\u1ee9, v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf v\u00e0o l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;purgatory&lt;\/em&gt;). M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent (1545-1563) th\u00ec ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pardon-pardoner\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pardon-pardoner\/\" >Pardon\/Pardoner<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Parish&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Qu\u1eadn H\u1ea1t, Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;paroikia&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin &lt;em&gt;parocia&lt;\/em&gt; l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn (&lt;em&gt;an ecclesiastical dis-trict&lt;\/em&gt;). Khi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i chia v\u00f9ng ra \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn\/x\u1ee9, Tin L\u00e0nh g\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o h\u1ea1t, gi\u00e1o khu.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/parish\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/parish\/\" >Parish<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Parish Council&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Khu\/ S\u1edf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng chung cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i khi chia ra, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c trong h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c cai qu\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/parish-council\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/parish-council\/\" >Parish Council<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Parology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;gh\u1ecbch L\u00ed H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn l\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1i &quot;\u0111\u00fang nh\u1ea5t&quot; trong lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. L\u00ed lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/parology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/parology\/\" >Parology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Parousia&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tr\u1edf L\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;parousia&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;coming, advent&quot; (&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ebfn, hi\u1ec7n ra&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. \u00dd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai do l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u0103ng thi\u00ean (Gi\u0103ng 14:1-3, Math 24:17-39; C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 1:11).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/parousia\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/parousia\/\" >Parousia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Parthenogenesis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nguy\u00ean Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;parthenos&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;virgin&quot; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;genesis&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;birth&quot; (&lt;em&gt;birth from a virgin&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nguy\u00ean sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (JC) b\u1edfi trinh n\u1eef Mary do quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean Mary l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus (Math. 1:23).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/parthenogenesis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/parthenogenesis\/\" >Parthenogenesis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Particular Baptist&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e1p-t\u00edt \u0110\u1eb7c Nhi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, \u1edf England kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1633&#039;s, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u00edn h\u1eefu l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang theo t\u00edn l\u00ed Cal-vin thay v\u00ec theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptists b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th &lt;\/sup&gt;(1891), gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra G\u00edao H\u1ed9i General Baptist r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh GH Baptist Union.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/particular-baptist\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/particular-baptist\/\" >Particular Baptist<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pascal Wager&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1 Pascal&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3 trong ni\u1ec1m tin: \u201c&lt;em&gt;N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng tin, ch\u00fang ta m\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u00f9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; C\u0169ng lu\u1eadn l\u00ed n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng v\u0129nh ph\u00fac hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u00e0o h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi... Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady: &quot;&lt;em&gt;kh\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i g\u00ec c\u1ea3.&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pascal-wager\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pascal-wager\/\" >Pascal Wager<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pascal, Blaise (1623-1662)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pascal, Blaise&lt;\/strong&gt; (1623-1662)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tri\u1ebft gia Blaise Pascal ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, sinh n\u0103m 1623 v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi l\u00fac c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb 1662. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gia. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t m\u1eb9 t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf, cha \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Paris v\u00e0 Rouen, xung quanh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ed lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u1ec1n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00ednh. H\u1ed3i nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean, b\u1edfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00ed, \u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1646, \u00f4ng &quot;tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i&quot; (&lt;em&gt;\u0103n n\u0103n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;). R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1654, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng &quot;\u0103n n\u0103n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i&quot; l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Jansenist du Vergier \u1edf Port Royal v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y Ni\u1ec1m Tin C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Christian Faith&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n minh gi\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m \u00fd th\u1ee9c, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi &quot;con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&quot; hi\u1ec7n sinh tri\u1ebft l\u00ed. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0: &lt;em&gt;Provincial Letter&lt;\/em&gt; (1657) v\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c &lt;em&gt;Pens\u00e9s&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Thought on Religion and Some Other Subjects)&lt;\/em&gt;, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n sau khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pascal-blaise-1623-1662\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pascal-blaise-1623-1662\/\" >Pascal, Blaise (1623-1662)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pasch\/ Pascha&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Aram v\u00e0 Hy-l\u1ea1p, do ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Passover.&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ec5 nh\u01b0 L\u1ec5 Qu\u1ed1c Kh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i, c\u1eed h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng Nisan (&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang&lt;\/em&gt;), tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 (&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u00e0 L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pasch-pascha\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pasch-pascha\/\" >Pasch\/ Pascha<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paschal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus, &lt;\/em&gt;I Cor 5:7&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal\/\" >Paschal<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paschal Candle&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u00e8n \u0110\u00eam Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea7y th\u1eafp l\u00ean trong L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n, hi\u1ec3n linh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (I Cor 15:51 tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal-candle\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal-candle\/\" >Paschal Candle<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paschal Controversy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tranh Lu\u1eadn L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o?&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal-controversy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal-controversy\/\" >Paschal Controversy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paschal Lamb&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Con Sinh T\u1ebf V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua,&lt;\/em&gt; I Cor 5:7; Gi\u0103ng 1:29&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal-lamb\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal-lamb\/\" >Paschal Lamb<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paschal Mystery&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Huy\u1ec1n Vi L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n s\u1ef1 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus t\u1eeb khi sinh ra, l\u1edbn l\u00ean, rao gi\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, ch\u1ebft, th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3, ph\u1ee5c sinh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal-mystery\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal-mystery\/\" >Paschal Mystery<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paschal Season&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u00f9a Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3, \/\/ V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal-season\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal-season\/\" >Paschal Season<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paschal Vigil&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eafp N\u1ebfn \u0110\u00eam V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua\/Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 th\u1eafp n\u1ebfn v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y. Theo c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n bao g\u1ed3m: \u0110\u1ecdc kinh, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea3ng, h\u00e1t, ca ng\u1ee3i, c\u1eed L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem hay b\u1ed3i linh h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal-vigil\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal-vigil\/\" >Paschal Vigil<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paschal Week&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tu\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh cho M\u00f9a Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal-week\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paschal-week\/\" >Paschal Week<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Passion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 \u0110au Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus trong khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 (Luc. 22-23; Math. 26-27; M\u00e1c 14-15; Gi\u0103ng 18-19). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia\/ th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia S. Kierkegaard (1813-1855) cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac th\u1eadt (&lt;em&gt;passion&lt;\/em&gt;) trong c\u00e1i \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, bao g\u1ed3m ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eadt m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passion\/\" >Passion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Passion of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;) khi g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft thay cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i (II Cor 1:5; I Phi 2:21; 3:18; 4:1; 5:1).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passion-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passion-of-christ\/\" >Passion of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Passion Sunday&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passion-sunday\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passion-sunday\/\" >Passion Sunday<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Passion Week&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tu\u1ea7n L\u1ec5 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passion-week\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passion-week\/\" >Passion Week<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Passiontide&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;2 tu\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed L\u1ec5 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3 2 tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ch\u00faa ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1969 l\u1ecbch GH C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ghi n\u1eefa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passiontide\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passiontide\/\" >Passiontide<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Passover&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua, L\u1ec5 Qu\u1ed1c Kh\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;pasah&lt;\/em&gt;, Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;pascha&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea5u k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u1ea3o d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi x\u1ee9 Ai C\u1eadp, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecf, v\u00e0o Sa-m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5t H\u1ee9a Ca-na-an.\u00a0 L\u1ec5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o Ng\u00e0y 14 Th\u00e1ng Nissan (Gi\u00eang) v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;pascha&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;passover&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;ti\u1ebfng Anh&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passover\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passover\/\" >Passover<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Passover Christian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o - L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passover-christian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passover-christian\/\" >Passover Christian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Passover Lamb&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Con Chi\u00ean c\u1ee7a L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xu\u00e2t 12:21; Lu-ca 22:7; IC\u00f4-rin-t\u00f4 5:7&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passover-lamb\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passover-lamb\/\" >Passover Lamb<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Passover Meal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1eefa \u0102n L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passover-meal\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passover-meal\/\" >Passover Meal<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Passover Week&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tu\u1ea7n L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passover-week\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/passover-week\/\" >Passover Week<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pastor&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c S\u01b0, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103n Chi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;pascere&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to pasture, to feed&quot;, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n chi\u00ean. Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ea3 C\u01af v\u00e0 T\u01af \u00edt d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb Pastor, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u00a0\u201cMinister\u201d&lt;strong&gt; \u05dc\u05b0\u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05e8\u05b5\u0591\u05ea&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;la-s\u1ea3r\u00eat&lt;\/em&gt;, to min\u00edster) hay \u201cPriest\u201d &lt;strong&gt;\u05db\u05b9\u05bc\u05d4\u05b2\u05e0 &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(k\u00f2 h\u00ean), v\u00e0 &lt;\/em&gt;\u201cServant\u201d(\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, t\u00f4i t\u1edb) nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb pastor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latin l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ch\u0103n b\u1ea7y, ch\u0103n chi\u00ean, nu\u00f4i chi\u00ean, ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p&lt;em&gt; \u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 (&lt;em&gt;shep-herds&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m linh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo Ch\u00faa t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh (\u00caph. 4:11). Theo nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a HT ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cch\u0103n chi\u00ean\u201d c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u201cl\u1ec5 \u0111\u1eb7t tay c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n\u201d (&lt;em&gt;lay hand&lt;\/em&gt;), g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 \u201cOrdination\u201d (L\u1ec5 Th\u1ee5 Phong) c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 HT \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Qu\u1ea3n Nhi\u1ec7m HT. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 HT, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 M\u1ee5c S\u01b0. Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 ordination, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 C\u1ea5p License of \u2026 (Ch\u1ee9ng Ch\u1ec9 M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5\u2026 Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o, \u00c2m Nh\u1ea1c v.v\u2026). Tu\u1ef3 \u1edf HT \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb ri\u00eang v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Preacher, Minister\u2026 &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;Preacher&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pastor\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pastor\/\" >Pastor<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pastoral Associate&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9c Ph\u00f3, Ph\u1ee5 T\u00e1 M\u1ee5c S\u01b0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pastoral-associate\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pastoral-associate\/\" >Pastoral Associate<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pastoral Care&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 Ch\u0103m S\u00f3c, Ch\u1ee9c V\u1ee5 Ch\u0103n B\u1ea7y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pastoral-care\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pastoral-care\/\" >Pastoral Care<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pastoral Epistles&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Th\u01b0 T\u00edn M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 (6) trong T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc (I, II Tim.; I, II T\u00eas.; T\u00edt; Phi-l\u00ea-m\u00f4n) n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pastoral-epistles\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pastoral-epistles\/\" >Pastoral Epistles<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pastoral Ministry&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 Ch\u0103n B\u1ea7y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pastoral-ministry\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pastoral-ministry\/\" >Pastoral Ministry<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pastoral Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;Practical Theology&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o - g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 hay th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pastoral-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pastoral-theology\/\" >Pastoral Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pathos\/ Pathos of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00f3t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &quot;ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn,&quot; n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn lo cho tha nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f4i khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n (&lt;em&gt;pathos of God&lt;\/em&gt;), hay l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (&lt;em&gt;the suffering of Jesus Christ&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pathos-pathos-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pathos-pathos-of-god\/\" >Pathos\/ Pathos of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Patriarch\/Patriarchs&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gia T\u1ed9c, T\u1ed9c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb chung n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c gia t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ee7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a v\u00e0 phong ki\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n uy trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c (t\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng). T\u1eeb P&lt;strong&gt;atriarce&lt;\/strong&gt; trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7, tr\u01b0\u1edfng chi ph\u00e1i, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed9c \u00c1p-ra-ham, I-s\u00e1c v\u00e0 Gia-c\u1ed1p.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/patriarch-patriarchs\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/patriarch-patriarchs\/\" >Patriarch\/Patriarchs<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Patriarchal Period&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ed9c Qu\u1ea3n Tr\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(S\u00e1ng 12:49-50; Xu\u1ea5t 3-5; H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 7:4; C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 7:8tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/patriarchal-period\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/patriarchal-period\/\" >Patriarchal Period<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Patriarchal, the Five Ancient&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u0103m Tr\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ed9c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ed5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;bao g\u1ed3m 5 v\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh: Jerusalem, An-ti-\u1ed1t, Ale-xan-dria, Ro-ma v\u00e0 Con-tan-ti-nople.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/patriarchal-the-five-ancient\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/patriarchal-the-five-ancient\/\" >Patriarchal, the Five Ancient<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Patriarchy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec1n T\u1ed9c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/patriarchy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/patriarchy\/\" >Patriarchy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Patristic Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean thu\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I - II.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/patristic-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/patristic-theology\/\" >Patristic Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Patrology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh quy v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 7 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi hai gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i chia \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ee7a 2 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y: T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o l\u00fac Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Isidore ch\u1ebft n\u0103m 636 AD, v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Gi\u00e1o l\u00fac Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c John of Damascus qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 749 AD.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/patrology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/patrology\/\" >Patrology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paul, Theology of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Phao-l\u00f4&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 12 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o trong th\u1eddi gian Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh gi\u00e1ng l\u00e2m khai sinh h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. HT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp n\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng ai tin theo Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Christian (&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu, C\u01a1-r\u00ea-ti\u00ean, C\u00f4ng 11&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00fac \u1ea5y, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i qua bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0110a-m\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc qua 2 ngu\u1ed3n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. &lt;em&gt;Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110a-m\u00e1ch. \u00d4ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Gal. 1:11-12). &lt;em&gt;Th\u1ee9 hai,&lt;\/em&gt; qua quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng Th\u00e1nh Linh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 ch\u00f4n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. C\u1ea3 hai b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 trong Do-th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Judaism&lt;\/em&gt;). Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eafc g\u1ecdn ch\u00ednh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o (&lt;em&gt;God Creator&lt;\/em&gt;); Ng\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Cao C\u1ea3 (S\u00e1ng 1; Rom. 1:16, 10:12; Gal. 3:28; Rom. 4:17). (2) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ebf Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3 L\u00e0m Ng\u01b0\u1eddi- l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus&lt;em&gt; (Jesus the Christ) - &lt;\/em&gt;Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;God the Son&lt;\/em&gt;). Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 con M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. (3) Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 A-dam th\u1ee9 Hai (&lt;em&gt;Jesus the 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt; A-dam, or the Last A-dam)&lt;\/em&gt; (I Cor. 15: 45-49; Rom. 5:14-19). V\u00ec A-dam th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t do s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. Do \u0111\u00f3, Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 A-\u0111am th\u1ee9 2, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t &quot;s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi&quot; (&lt;em&gt;new creation&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &quot;h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1edbi&quot; (&lt;em&gt;new image&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh cho nh\u1eefng ai tin nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i (Rom. 4:25, 5:18; Phil. 2:7-8). (4) \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng M\u1edbi Trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (&lt;em&gt;New Life In Christ&lt;\/em&gt;) (I Cor. 5:17; Gal. 5), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt m\u1edbi (Rom. 6:4; Gal. 5; \u00caph\u00ea. 5; I Cor 5:17). L\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i (Gal. 4-5). (5) C\u00f4ng D\u00e2n N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;People of God&lt;\/em&gt;) (Rom. 9-11; Gal. 6). C\u1ea3 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1eabn n\u1ed9i (Do-th\u00e1i), b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai tin Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Phao-l\u00f4, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n thi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i qua 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc kinh nghi\u1ec7m: (1) &lt;strong&gt;Tin Nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa&lt;\/strong&gt; Jesus \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh (Gi\u0103ng 3:16); (2) &lt;strong&gt;Tuy\u00ean C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh&lt;\/strong&gt;, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1ch t\u1ed9i, tr\u1edf n\u00ean con Ch\u00faa (Gi\u0103ng 1:12). (3) &lt;strong&gt;T\u00e1i Sinh&lt;\/strong&gt;, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, sinh l\u1ea1i t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (Gi\u0103ng 3:3; II Cor. 5:17); (4) &lt;strong&gt;Th\u00e1nh H\u00f3a&lt;\/strong&gt;, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng danh Ch\u00faa (Rom. 6-8, \u00ca-ph\u00ea 4; Col. 5); (5) &lt;strong&gt;T\u00f4n Vinh Hi\u1ec3n&lt;\/strong&gt;, sau c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa vinh danh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00e0i (Phi-e-r\u01a1 5; \u00ca-phe 5; ITes. 4-5:. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Phao-l\u00f4 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t: &quot;\u1ede trong Ng\u00e0i&quot; (&lt;em&gt;in Christ&lt;\/em&gt;), &quot;tuy\u00ean c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh&quot; (&lt;em&gt;justification&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;righteousness&lt;\/em&gt;), &quot;\u0111\u1ee9c tin&quot; (&lt;em&gt;faith&lt;\/em&gt;), &quot;hy v\u1ecdng&quot; (&lt;em&gt;hope&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (&lt;em&gt;love&lt;\/em&gt;) (Rom 1,6,10; Gal 2,5; I Cor 13; \u00caph\u00ea 1, 4:1-16; Col. 3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paul-theology-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paul-theology-of\/\" >Paul, Theology of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Paulinism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i chung nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 ch\u00ednh trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paulinism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/paulinism\/\" >Paulinism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Peace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00ecnh An, Ch\u00fac B\u00ecnh An, Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;shalom&lt;\/em&gt;, Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;eir\u00e8ne&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh, b\u00ecnh y\u00ean. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;shalom&lt;\/em&gt; c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng ch\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i. C\u00f3 h\u01a1n 30 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Shalom&lt;\/em&gt; trong ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1. Trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a: b\u00ecnh an, thanh b\u00ecnh, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh, th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nSuy nghi\u1ec7m cho k\u1ef7, c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i \u201cb\u00ecnh an\u201d, \u201c&lt;em&gt;b\u00ecnh an n\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;t\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;b\u00ecnh an ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n\u201d (c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d (g\u1ed3m gia \u0111\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nCon ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong 3 lu\u1eadt: (1) Lu\u1eadt thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb3n. (2) Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i) \u0111\u1eb7t ra, v\u00e0 (3) Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong t\u00e2m (&lt;em&gt;l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00a0Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai vi ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t trong 3 lu\u1eadt tr\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u00ecnh y\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00e2m thu\u00fd c\u1ee7a &lt;em&gt;Peace&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 (1) Kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. (2) Kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eb3n trong tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c &amp; nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3). (3) Kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u00fd Tr\u1eddi. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau cho t\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, kinh t\u1ebf, chi\u1ebfn tranh, an sinh. .&lt;br \/&gt;\nNgo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u201cb\u00ecnh an\u201d \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa ban cho. S\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an n\u1ea7y v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1eddi gian. Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e3 cho bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0 \u00dd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m \u201c&lt;em&gt;h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Mat. 5:9). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tin Ch\u00faa, \u201cnh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh\u201d th\u00ec m\u1edbi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u1eeb trong \u0111\u00e1y l\u00f2ng, t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, an t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng lo s\u1ee3, an vui, h\u1ea1nh ph\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 v\u00ec Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa b\u00ecnh an&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (\u00ca-sai 9:5-6). Ch\u1ec9 khi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an th\u1eadt trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eddi sau s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt;)\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peace\/\" >Peace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Peace Making&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00e0m H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh, L\u00e0m H\u00f2a Thu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0m h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay l\u00e0m h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Math. 5:9).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peace-making\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peace-making\/\" >Peace Making<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Peace Offering&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee7a L\u1ec5 L\u00e0m H\u00f2a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Lev. 3, 7:11-38&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peace-offering\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peace-offering\/\" >Peace Offering<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pelagianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Pelagius&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pelagianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pelagianism\/\" >Pelagianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pelagius (c.354-420)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pelagius (c.354-420)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00d4ng Pelagius, m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a St. Augustine (354-430) v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed trong s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n ban cho qua c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qua \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 (431).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pelagius-c-354-420\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pelagius-c-354-420\/\" >Pelagius (c.354-420)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pelican, the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ec3u T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Chim Pelican&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hy sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, con chim b\u1ed3 n\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u1ecdn gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e2m xuy\u00ean qua h\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 tu\u00f4n lai l\u00e1ng, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh, ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pelican-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pelican-the\/\" >Pelican, the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Penal-substitutionary Theory of the Atonement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Ch\u1ebft Th\u1ebf T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh) n\u00f3i chung lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi vui nh\u1eadn. C\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng qua s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ th\u1ebf chu\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/penal-substitutionary-theory-of-the-atonement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/penal-substitutionary-theory-of-the-atonement\/\" >Penal-substitutionary Theory of the Atonement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Penance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1m H\u1ed1i, \u0102n N\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;paenitenti&lt;\/em&gt;a &quot;penitence&quot; or &quot;to repent&quot; l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecf ra \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i xin tha t\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 1 trong 7 b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;B\u00ed T\u00edch Gi\u1ea3i H\u00f2a&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Sacrament of Reconciliation&lt;\/em&gt;). Sau \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem (&lt;em&gt;R\u1eefa T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/penance\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/penance\/\" >Penance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Penitence, Penitential Book&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh \u0102n N\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/penitence-penitential-book\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/penitence-penitential-book\/\" >Penitence, Penitential Book<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Penitential Psalms&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thi Thi\u00ean \u0102n N\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;G\u1ed3m 7 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong S\u00e1ch Thi Thi\u00ean (Thi 6, 32, 38, 51, 102, 132 v\u00e0 143). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef c\u00f3 2 l\u1ec5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/penitential-psalms\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/penitential-psalms\/\" >Penitential Psalms<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Penitential Rite&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00ed T\u00edch S\u00e1m H\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eed l\u1ec5 n\u1ea7y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/penitential-rite\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/penitential-rite\/\" >Penitential Rite<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pentateuch&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u0169 Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;pent\u00e8&lt;\/em&gt; (n\u0103m), &lt;em&gt;teuchos&lt;\/em&gt; (s\u00e1ch). T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho 5 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc do thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3 M\u00f4i-se (&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd, Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 K\u00fd, L\u00ea-vi K\u00fd, D\u00e2n S\u1ed1 K\u00fd v\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5c Truy\u1ec1n Lu\u1eadt L\u1ec7 K\u00fd&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Torah hay l\u00e0 Kinh Lu\u1eadt.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pentateuch\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pentateuch\/\" >Pentateuch<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pente-costalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u1ec1 sau, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn h\u1eefu nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng l\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Pentecostal Movement\/ Pentecostalism&lt;\/em&gt;. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y c\u00f2n kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 &quot;n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1&quot; v\u00e0 &quot;ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&quot; (C\u00f4ng 2:6tt). R\u1ed3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i (nh\u00f3m) n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam v\u1ec1 &quot;l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&quot;, sau khi \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i. N\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt; nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1 x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi &quot;Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n&quot; (ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh k\u00e8m v\u1edbi t\u00e9 ng\u00e3, \u0111\u01b0a tay ra k\u00e8m v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e9, n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 r\u1ed3i th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1, l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1p-tem b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1...). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh thu\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh cho r\u1eb1ng: &quot;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4i tin c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh&quot;&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;I believe the healing, but I don&#039;t believe in the healer&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 theo \u00fd Ch\u00faa hay kh\u00f4ng? H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 \u1edf Ma-thi-\u01a1 7:15-23 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ti\u00ean tri gi\u1ea3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pente-costalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pente-costalism\/\" >Pente-costalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pentecost\/ Day of Pentecost&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n, Ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;pent\u00e8kost\u00e8&lt;\/em&gt; (th\u1ee9 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i). L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i theo s\u1ef1 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u1edf Xu\u1ea5t 23:14-17, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i, sau L\u1ec5 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea7u M\u00f9a G\u1eb7t d\u00e2ng cho Ch\u00faa (Jewish Festival of Weeks) l\u00e0 L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 50&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng trong T\u01af, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh gi\u00e1ng l\u00e2m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00fac c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ph\u00f2ng cao (C\u00f4ng-v\u1ee5 2), c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Whitesunday&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pentecost-day-of-pentecost\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pentecost-day-of-pentecost\/\" >Pentecost\/ Day of Pentecost<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pentential Tradition&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng L\u1ec5 S\u00e1m H\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m, trong C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0103n n\u0103n, tha t\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf ra b\u1eb1ng L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem v\u00e0 L\u1ec5 S\u00e1m H\u1ed1i. R\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecdc kinh, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pentential-tradition\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pentential-tradition\/\" >Pentential Tradition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Perfect Contri-tion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 H\u1ed1i C\u1ea3i Tr\u1ecdn V\u1eb9n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Peter Abelard (1079-1142) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n; sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng - h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i n\u1eefa. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 \u1edf Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent (1545-1563), cho \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 &quot;b\u00ed t\u00edch \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i.&quot;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perfect-contri-tion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perfect-contri-tion\/\" >Perfect Contri-tion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Perfect State&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ecnh Tr\u1ea1ng To\u00e0n H\u1ea3o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sa ng\u00e3 (c\u1ee7a A-\u0111am v\u00e0 \u00ca-va, S\u00e1ng 1-2), nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perfect-state\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perfect-state\/\" >Perfect State<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Perfection&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;To\u00e0n H\u1ea3o, Tr\u1ecdn V\u1eb9n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;teleios&lt;\/em&gt; \u201ccomplete\u201d (&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, xong r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch, ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t - tr\u1ecdn&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;v\u1eb9n, full&lt;\/em&gt;); ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;perfectio&lt;\/em&gt;, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y cho m\u1ed9t ai. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. Qua Phao-l\u00f4 v\u00e0 Gi\u0103ng, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perfection\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perfection\/\" >Perfection<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Perfectionism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft To\u00e0n H\u1ea3o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perfectionism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perfectionism\/\" >Perfectionism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Perfectionism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft To\u00e0n H\u1ea3o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perfectionism-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perfectionism-2\/\" >Perfectionism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Perfectionist Denominations&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\/ H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Tr\u1ecdn V\u1eb9n Th\u00e1nh Khi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh trong cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng I, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perfectionist-denominations\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perfectionist-denominations\/\" >Perfectionist Denominations<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Permission&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Permissive Will of God - \u00dd Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Cho Ph\u00e9p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;permissio&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;cho ph\u00e9p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p&lt;\/em&gt;), t\u1eeb n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi &quot;will of God&quot; \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia John Calvin (1509-1564) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 sau, trong gi\u1edbi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (&lt;em&gt;Reform&lt;\/em&gt;) ph\u00e2n r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. \u00dd mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00f4ng theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p x\u1ea3y ra (permission or allowance) v\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/permission\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/permission\/\" >Permission<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Perpetual Virginity of Mary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mary \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh Tr\u1ecdn \u0110\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin b\u00e0 Mary l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 sau khi sinh Ch\u00faa Jesus th\u00ec b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sinh con th\u00eam n\u1eefa. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0 Mary g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u1eb9 Ch\u00faa (Jesus), v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (v\u00ec Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perpetual-virginity-of-mary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perpetual-virginity-of-mary\/\" >Perpetual Virginity of Mary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Perseverance of the Saints&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u1ea3o To\u00e0n C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;perseverantia Sanc-torum&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ea5t. V\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ai (\u00caph. 1, Gi\u00ea. 1) v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u ai, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y tin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3m trong quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t (Gi\u0103ng 10:28; Rom. 8:31tt; \u00caph. 4:30) d\u00f9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y: (1) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1i sinh th\u1eadt, v\u00e0 (2) ch\u00ednh mi\u1ec7ng v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh Ch\u00faa l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (H\u00eab-r\u01a1 6:1tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perseverance-of-the-saints\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perseverance-of-the-saints\/\" >Perseverance of the Saints<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Person&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;pros\u00f2pon&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin &lt;em&gt;persona&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh linh &quot;&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh tay Ng\u00e0i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (S\u00e1ng 1:26tt; 2:7), \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (do Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, Thi 139), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u1ed1i linh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (do \u0110\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5ng Phu T\u1eed x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u201c&lt;em&gt;nhi\u00ean t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn l\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Boethius), l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y s\u1eady bi\u1ebft suy ngh\u0129&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Pascal). Theo c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n th\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt;.&quot;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/person\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/person\/\" >Person<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Personal Ethics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personal-ethics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personal-ethics\/\" >Personal Ethics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Personal Evangelism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9ng \u0110\u1ea1o C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personal-evangelism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personal-evangelism\/\" >Personal Evangelism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Personal is Political&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Carol Hanish trong &quot;&lt;em&gt;Notes from the Second Year\u201d (1970),&lt;\/em&gt; cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh trong Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o N\u1eef Gi\u1edbi (&lt;em&gt;Feminist Theology&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personal-is-political\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personal-is-political\/\" >Personal is Political<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Personal Property&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u01b0 H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Properius&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u1edf H\u1eefu Ri\u00eang).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personal-property\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personal-property\/\" >Personal Property<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Personal Salva-tion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personal-salva-tion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personal-salva-tion\/\" >Personal Salva-tion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Personal Union&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t C\u00e1 Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean\/th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a\/ trong Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personal-union\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personal-union\/\" >Personal Union<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Personal Union&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t C\u00e1 Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personal-union-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personal-union-2\/\" >Personal Union<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Personalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personalism\/\" >Personalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Personality&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1 Th\u1ec3 T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personality\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personality\/\" >Personality<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Personality of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1 T\u00ednh \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personality-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/personality-of-god\/\" >Personality of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Perth, Articles of (1618)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n Perth, 1618&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o c\u1ee7a Scotland. N\u1ed9i dung b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 5 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a Vua King James I, r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3 m\u1ed7i khi c\u1eed L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perth-articles-of-1618\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/perth-articles-of-1618\/\" >Perth, Articles of (1618)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499-156)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Peter M. Vermigli&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u1edf \u00dd v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1540&#039;s. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 uy\u00ean b\u00e1c trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Sau khi \u0111\u1eadu ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Padue 1525, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1526, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng Lateran Congregation \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh. \u00d4ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u201cGi\u00e1o L\u00ed L\u00f2 Luy\u1ec7n Ng\u1ee5c&quot; c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i I Cor. 3:9-17 n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1540. V\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, Anh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c. S\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m: &lt;em&gt;Defense Against Gardiner&lt;\/em&gt; (1559); &lt;em&gt;Romans&lt;\/em&gt; (1558) (di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eb7ng cho N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Elizabeth; &lt;em&gt;Dialogue on Two Natures in Christ&lt;\/em&gt; (1561); &lt;em&gt;Loci Communes&lt;\/em&gt; (1576), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang Anh Ng\u1eef: &lt;em&gt;The &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Common Place &lt;\/em&gt;(1583), v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Judge and Romans &lt;\/em&gt;(1564) d\u1ecbch sang Anh Ng\u1eef, 1568.\u00a0 \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;Loci&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 in \u0111\u1ebfn 13 l\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La-tin (1656), v\u1ec1 sau ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u00e0 in chung v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ea3i Kinh&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Corinthians &lt;\/em&gt;\u0111\u1ebfn 31 l\u1ea7n (1551) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ea3i Kinh&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Lamentations&lt;\/em&gt; (1629).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peter-martyr-vermigli-1499-156\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peter-martyr-vermigli-1499-156\/\" >Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499-156)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Peter, Lombard (1100-1160)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Peter Lombard &lt;\/em&gt;(1100-1160)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u1edf Paris, v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u1edf Paris (1159). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Peter Abelard v\u00e0 Bernard of Chaivaux; do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p hai t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb tr\u00ean. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e0i n\u0103ng lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn cho Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn qua s\u00e1ch t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, &lt;em&gt;Book on Sentenc&lt;\/em&gt;es (1158). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t pho s\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn l\u00ed ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng; t\u00edn l\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eed t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh 7 B\u00ed T\u00edch cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Thomas Aquinas. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 sau \u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i dung h\u00f2a (kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Lateran IV m\u1edbi d\u1eb9p y\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peter-lombard-1100-1160\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peter-lombard-1100-1160\/\" >Peter, Lombard (1100-1160)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Peter, Primacy of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1ea9m&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u01afu Vi\u1ec7t S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I. Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, qua th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 trao &quot;&lt;em&gt;ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Math. 16:18) cho S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c &quot;tr\u01b0\u1edfng&quot; (gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng) ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 sau. Theo ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00ec Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 Ma-thi-\u01a1 16:18. Ch\u00faa giao ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 v\u00ec Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 &quot;\u0110\u00e1&quot; n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y. T\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus. T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;petro&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 nh\u1ecf), nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ghi r\u00f5, \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u00f2n Ta, Ta s\u1ebd l\u1eadp H\u00f4i Th\u00e1nh Ta tr\u00ean \u201cV\u1ea7ng \u0110\u00e1\u201d (Petra) n\u1ea7y&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d T\u1eeb \u201cV\u1ea7ng \u0110\u00e1\u201d l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus.\u00a0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Th\u00e1nh Phao-l\u00f4 c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u201cV\u1ea7ng \u0110\u00e1\u201d. Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea7u H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh\u201d (Eph. 5).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peter-primacy-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peter-primacy-of\/\" >Peter, Primacy of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Peter, St. Peter&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 (Phi-e-r\u01a1) nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 Si-m\u00f4n m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus (1 trong 4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: Anh-r\u00ea, Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 v\u00e0 Gi\u0103ng, Gia-c\u01a1) m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft, trung ki\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa g\u1ecdi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Si-m\u00f4n, v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1. T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Petros&lt;\/em&gt; (vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 hay \u0111\u00e1 nh\u1ecf) kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;Petras&lt;\/em&gt; (t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1\/ v\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus) (Mac 1:16-18, Math. 4:18-20). (Xem th\u00eam Mac 1:29-31; Lu-ca 4:38, 5:3-10; Gi\u0103ng 1:42, 21:15 v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1). Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh, n\u00f3ng t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng sau kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qua \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u00fac b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peter-st-peter\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peter-st-peter\/\" >Peter, St. Peter<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Peter, Theology of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;So v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.\u00a0 Tuy nhi\u00ean, Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o. Trong S\u00e1ch I Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1, \u00f4ng x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y: (1) S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ (ch.1); hy v\u1ecdng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin. (2) \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 \u0110\u00e1 G\u00f3c Nh\u00e0, l\u00e0 H\u00f2n \u0110\u00e1 S\u1ed1ng, c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin (ch.2). (3) Ch\u1ee9c Danh c\u1ee7a Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Anh em l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 nh\u00e0 vua, l\u00e0 d\u00e2n th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026\u201d (ch.2). \u00d4ng khuy\u00ean anh em, con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh trong Ch\u00faa, ch\u1edb nghe theo c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.\u00a0 (4) C\u01a1 H\u1ed9i C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c (I Phi 3:18-22). (5) X\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tr\u1edf L\u1ea1i Ch\u1eafc Ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (II Phi 3). V\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng, (6) S\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1o X\u1ee9ng \u0110\u00e1ng. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong 2 th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m theo Ch\u00faa, \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n hy v\u1ecdng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean h\u1eefu \u0110CT.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peter-theology-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peter-theology-of\/\" >Peter, Theology of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Peter&#8217;s Pence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thu\u1ebf H\u1eb1ng N\u0103m Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y thu\u1ebf h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Anh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i xu (&lt;em&gt;penny&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peters-pence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/peters-pence\/\" >Peter&#8217;s Pence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Petrine&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/petrine\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/petrine\/\" >Petrine<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Petrine Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/petrine-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/petrine-theology\/\" >Petrine Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pharisees&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pha-ri-si&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang ra&quot; &quot;ph\u00e1i bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp&lt;\/em&gt;.&quot; L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Do-th\u00e1i (&lt;em&gt;Judaism&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus, h\u1ecd tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 thi h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 M\u00f4i-se v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam ra theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (Mac 7:3), v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 \u00edch (Lu-ca 13:31) v\u00e0 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 \u00edch, ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng (Gi\u0103ng 7:32).&lt;br \/&gt;\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ec7t Ph\u00e1i,&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; Tin L\u00e0nh g\u1ecdi &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pha-ri-si&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;, TS. Phu, L\u00ea H. g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e1i Bi\u1ec7t L\u1eadp.&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; T\u1eeb Pharisees (ti\u1ebfng Aram &lt;em&gt;p\u00e8ris&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;P\u00e8risayy\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt;) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng 100 B.C, sau khi N\u00ea-h\u00ea-mi v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Jerusalem, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi qu\u1ed1c gia Do-Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (&lt;em&gt;Hasmonean Rulers 166-63BC&lt;\/em&gt;). (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a s\u1eed gia Josephus - &lt;em&gt;The Jewish War, 75 AD&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pharisees\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pharisees\/\" >Pharisees<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Phenomenalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft L\u00ed Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/ Ng\u1eabu T\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1 x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ea3 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0 phi v\u1eadt l\u00ed trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ra ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/phenomenalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/phenomenalism\/\" >Phenomenalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Phenomenological Analysis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hay Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Ng\u1eabu T\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/phenomenological-analysis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/phenomenological-analysis\/\" >Phenomenological Analysis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Phenomenology of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/phenomenology-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/phenomenology-of\/\" >Phenomenology of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Phenomenology of Religion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ecdc T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed7i v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb do tri\u1ebft gia Edmud Husserl (1859-1938) d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/phenomenology-of-religion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/phenomenology-of-religion\/\" >Phenomenology of Religion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Philip Melanchthon (1497-1560)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Philip Melanchthon&lt;\/strong&gt; (1497-1560)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Philip Melanchthon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00f3m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Philippists&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Lutherans k\u1ebft \u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00ec c\u1ef1c \u0111oan gi\u1eef theo Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 hay gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Cal-vin. T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Gnesio-Luther&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Crypto-Calvinists&quot;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/philip-melanchthon-1497-1560\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/philip-melanchthon-1497-1560\/\" >Philip Melanchthon (1497-1560)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Philosophical Ethics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/philosophical-ethics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/philosophical-ethics\/\" >Philosophical Ethics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Philosophical Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4n ngoan trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/philosophical-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/philosophical-theology\/\" >Philosophical Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Philosophy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;philia&lt;\/em&gt; (y\u00eau) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;sophia&lt;\/em&gt; (kh\u00f4n ngoan), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 &quot;y\u00eau kh\u00f4n ngoan&quot; l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh quy trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3, th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c...\u00a0 \u0110a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/philosophy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/philosophy\/\" >Philosophy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Philosophy of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i l\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ebft l\u00ed tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/philosophy-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/philosophy-of\/\" >Philosophy of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Philosophy of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a &lt;em&gt;Desiderius Eramus&lt;\/em&gt; (1467-1536), v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn dung h\u00f2a v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, qua chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/philosophy-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/philosophy-of-christ\/\" >Philosophy of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Philosophy, Analytical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Phong tr\u00e0o tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u si\u00eau h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00e2u v\u0103n, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;ph\u00e2n t\u00edch lu\u1eadn ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (ordinary language analysis).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/philosophy-analytical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/philosophy-analytical\/\" >Philosophy, Analytical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Photian Schism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ly Khai Photius&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 9&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa hai Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (Lat.) v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (Grk.) qua c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n, nh\u1ecbn \u0103n, x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Ph\u1ee5c Nh\u1eadp Linh Th\u1ea7n (&lt;em&gt;Doult Possession of the HS&lt;\/em&gt;), do Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Photius (c.820-891) v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Nicholas I \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng cho c\u1ea3 hai. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea7m t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 ly khai chia r\u1ebd l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/photian-schism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/photian-schism\/\" >Photian Schism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pietism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft T\u1eadn Trung Hi\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y s\u1ef1 trung ki\u00ean t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; trong Th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pietism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pietism\/\" >Pietism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pietists&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trung Hi\u1ebfn Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, tu\u00e2n theo gi\u00e1o l\u00ed t\u1eadn trung hi\u1ebfn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pietists\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pietists\/\" >Pietists<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Piety&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00f2ng Trung Hi\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;pietas&lt;\/em&gt;, &quot;duty to God&quot; (l\u00f2ng trung ki\u00ean, th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/piety\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/piety\/\" >Piety<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pilgrim Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Thanh Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00f2ng trung hi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pilgrim-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pilgrim-church\/\" >Pilgrim Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pilgrimages\/ Pilgrims&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thanh Gi\u00e1o\/ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0nh H\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c di h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pilgrimages-pilgrims\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pilgrimages-pilgrims\/\" >Pilgrimages\/ Pilgrims<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pisa, Council of (1409)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m Pisa, 1409&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i h\u00f2a m\u1ed1i Ph\u00e2n R\u1ebd L\u1edbn (&lt;em&gt;Great Schism&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1409 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1378). Trong H\u0110, gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tru\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf c\u1ea3 hai Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Benedict XIII v\u00e0 Gregory XII, ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0 Alexandria V. Tuy l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1417 \u1edf H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m Constance m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pisa-council-of-1409\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pisa-council-of-1409\/\" >Pisa, Council of (1409)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Plato\/ Platoism (c.427-347 BC)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Plato\/ Platoism (c.427-347 BC)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tri\u1ebft gia Hy-l\u1ea1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. \u00d4ng sinh ra \u1edf Athen v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t (aristocratic) cho n\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm trong n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Socrates, v\u00e0 qua c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a Socrates, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb7ng c\u1ea3m, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t huy t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh trong to\u00e0n x\u1ee9 Hy-l\u1ea1p, Ai-c\u1eadp. Tri\u1ebft gia Sicili sau n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Pythagore v\u00e0 Hera-clitianism. V\u1ec1 sau, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Athen v\u00e0 m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng: (1) Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 Thuy\u1ebft &lt;em&gt;(Reality Prealism)&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c? T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra thuy\u1ebft Idealism (&lt;em&gt;L\u00ed T\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u1eadn Thuy\u1ebft,&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;Duy L\u00fd T\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;); (2) &lt;em&gt;H\u00ecnh Th\u1ee9c Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Form&lt;\/em&gt;), kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt l\u00ed, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, nh\u1edd &lt;em&gt;Forms&lt;\/em&gt; m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i cao (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi); (3) V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 Quan Thuy\u1ebft (Cosmology), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0129nh c\u1eedu (Eternal Forms); (4) S\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t T\u1eed c\u1ee7a Linh H\u1ed3n (&lt;em&gt;The Immortality of The Soul&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Plato, ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch\/ t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, r\u1ed3i sau khi ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t; (5) \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Plato v\u1ec1 4 \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt; tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt; sau Ch\u00faa. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 mang n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Plato. Ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 T\u00e2n C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (Neo-evangelicalism). S\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i &lt;em&gt;Meno, Timacus, Republic, Law, Stateman and Plaedrus&lt;\/em&gt;. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang Anh Ng\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/plato-platoism-c-427-347-bc\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/plato-platoism-c-427-347-bc\/\" >Plato\/ Platoism (c.427-347 BC)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Plenary Inspiration&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb To\u00e0n V\u1eb9n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed tin r\u1eb1ng, Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft, v\u0103n th\u1ec3, \u00fd th\u1ee9c, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a - &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; \u1edf &lt;strong&gt;Inspiration&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/plenary-inspiration\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/plenary-inspiration\/\" >Plenary Inspiration<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Plenitude of Power&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec1n Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111ang th\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o v\u1ee5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/plenitude-of-power\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/plenitude-of-power\/\" >Plenitude of Power<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Plenitude, Principle of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u00eau Chu\u1ea9n Tr\u1ecdn Th\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n khi m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho ph\u00e9p quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i t\u1ecf b\u00e0y qua s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3\/ c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/plenitude-principle-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/plenitude-principle-of\/\" >Plenitude, Principle of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pluralism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft \u0110a D\u1ea1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng &quot;&lt;em&gt;c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n,&quot;&lt;\/em&gt; G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u trong m\u00f4n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pluralism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pluralism\/\" >Pluralism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Plymouth Brethren&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Anh Em Plymouth&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Plymouth, Anh, khi h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Qu\u1ed1c trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 \u00f4ng John Nelson l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee5 phong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c s\u0129 (lay men, lay preacher), theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh, truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, ti\u00ean tri, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. H\u1ecd tin theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n thi\u00ean ni\u00ean (premille-nialism).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/plymouth-brethren\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/plymouth-brethren\/\" >Plymouth Brethren<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pneumatology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Linh H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh quy \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;pneuma&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;spirit&quot; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;logos&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;study&quot; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt; trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, Ng\u00f4i Ba \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh t\u1ecf ra ng\u00e0y nay. (&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Holy Spirit&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pneumatology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pneumatology\/\" >Pneumatology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pneumatomachians&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Linh Chi\u1ebfn Gia&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Mac-chi\u00ean, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Macedonians&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 theo gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Maccedonius, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u1edf Constantine cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Cha v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Con. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Damacus k\u1ebft \u00e1n n\u0103m 374.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pneumatomachians\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pneumatomachians\/\" >Pneumatomachians<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Politial Realism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ef1c Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/politial-realism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/politial-realism\/\" >Politial Realism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Political Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Ch\u00ednh S\u00e1ch, S\u00e1ch L\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia trong ni\u1ec1m tin C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; do m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 J. B. Metz (b.1928), v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Tin L\u00e0nh Jurgen Moltmann (b.1926). C\u0169ng t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/political-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/political-theology\/\" >Political Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Political Theory&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00ed Thuy\u1ebft Ch\u00ednh S\u00e1ch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/political-theory\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/political-theory\/\" >Political Theory<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Politics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;C&lt;em&gt;h\u00ednh S\u00e1ch, Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb, S\u00e1ch L\u01b0\u1ee3c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Politic&lt;\/em&gt;, trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;Politikos&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;civic&quot; (d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2n s\u1ef1) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c) qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong x\u1ee9, t\u1ec9nh, n\u01b0\u1edbc;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/politics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/politics\/\" >Politics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Polity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ec3 Ch\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c Gia&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Politeia&lt;\/em&gt; hay La-tin &lt;em&gt;Politia&lt;\/em&gt; (gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf\/ t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c), c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Church Polity&lt;\/em&gt;, hay l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Church Policy&lt;\/em&gt; (ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn - Polity).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/polity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/polity\/\" >Polity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Polytheism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110a Th\u1ea7n - Th\u1edd \u0110a Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;em&gt;Monotheism&lt;\/em&gt;). Thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00ednh \u0111a th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh (chi ph\u1ed1i) li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/polytheism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/polytheism\/\" >Polytheism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pontifate&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u0103n Ph\u00f2ng Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pontifate\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pontifate\/\" >Pontifate<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pontifex Maximus\/ Pon-tifex Summic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;&quot;supreme pontiff&lt;\/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u01afu Vi\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;danh x\u01b0ng d\u00e0nh cho Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Leo The Great v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pontifex-maximus-pon-tifex-summic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pontifex-maximus-pon-tifex-summic\/\" >Pontifex Maximus\/ Pon-tifex Summic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pontiff, the Holy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Pontifex&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;high priest&quot;. T\u1eeb d\u00e0nh cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 cao nh\u1ea5t trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pontiff-the-holy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pontiff-the-holy\/\" >Pontiff, the Holy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pontifical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pontifical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pontifical\/\" >Pontifical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Positive Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc T\u00edch C\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc bao h\u00e0m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bao h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ebfn quy n\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/positive-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/positive-theology\/\" >Positive Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Positive Thinking&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00edch C\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb do Norman V. Pearl (1898-1993) d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch suy t\u01b0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t, v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/positive-thinking\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/positive-thinking\/\" >Positive Thinking<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Positivism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Kh\u1ea3 Thi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc do August Come (1798-1857) d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n kh\u1ea3 thi qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/positivism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/positivism\/\" >Positivism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Positivism, Theological&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u00edch C\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hay si\u00eau h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/positivism-theological\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/positivism-theological\/\" >Positivism, Theological<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Possibility Thinking&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u01b0 Duy Kh\u1ea3 Thi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb do Dr. Robert Schuler (b.1926) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean &quot;t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c\/ m\u1ed7i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qua s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 can thi\u1ec7p.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/possibility-thinking\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/possibility-thinking\/\" >Possibility Thinking<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Post-modernism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft H\u1eadu Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, l\u00ed l\u1ebd, b\u1ea3n v\u0103n th\u1eadt, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tham d\u1ef1.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/post-modernism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/post-modernism\/\" >Post-modernism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Postexile&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1eadu L\u01b0u \u0110\u00e0y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean sau khi b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y \u1edf Ba-by-l\u00f4n (578 BC - 538 BC) v\u00e0 do Vua Cyrus cho tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u0103m 538 BC (xem II S\u1eed k\u00fd 36:22-23, \u00ca-x\u01a1-ra 1:1-4).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/postexile\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/postexile\/\" >Postexile<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Postmillenialism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1eadu Ng\u00e0n N\u0103m B\u00ecnh An&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;gi\u00e1o l\u00ed tin r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m b\u00ecnh an (Kh\u1ea3i 20:1-7). &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Millenium&lt;\/strong&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Pre-mil-lenialism&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/postmillenialism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/postmillenialism\/\" >Postmillenialism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Postmodern&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1eadu Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 - Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ed5, Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 Trung C\u1ed5, Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i (v\u0103n minh - th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16-19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;Modern&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 H\u1eadu Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i (&lt;em&gt;Postmodern&lt;\/em&gt;, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn nay). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/postmodern\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/postmodern\/\" >Postmodern<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Postmodern Evangelism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1eadu Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0103n n\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha t\u1ed9i (v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u) sau khi ch\u1ebft, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 hai&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Second Probation&lt;\/em&gt;). Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/postmodern-evangelism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/postmodern-evangelism\/\" >Postmodern Evangelism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Postmodern Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1ec1n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1eadu Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 thuy\u1ebft.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/postmodern-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/postmodern-theology\/\" >Postmodern Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Poststructuralism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft H\u1eadu C\u1ea5u Tr\u00fac&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Structuralism&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tri\u1ebft l\u00ed. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb ng\u1eef trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n, truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. &lt;em&gt;Poststructuralism&lt;\/em&gt;, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ch\u00ednh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/poststructuralism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/poststructuralism\/\" >Poststructuralism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Posttribulation (ism)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed H\u1eadu \u0110\u1ea1i N\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung c\u1ea3 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh, tin r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1eafn ch\u1eafn. \u0110i\u1ec1m b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n (&lt;em&gt;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong 7 n\u0103m?&lt;\/em&gt;) khi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn (&lt;em&gt;trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau r\u1ed1t&lt;\/em&gt;), nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay sau th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ch\u1eafc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn sau c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Posttribulation&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n (&lt;em&gt;Pretribulation&lt;\/em&gt;). (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Millennium)&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/posttribulation-ism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/posttribulation-ism\/\" >Posttribulation (ism)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Postulant&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ec1, \u0110\u1ecbnh Lu\u1eadn, L\u1eadp Lu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Postulans&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Postularel&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to demand&quot; (\u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd). C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/postulant\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/postulant\/\" >Postulant<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Postulates, Theological&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ecbnh Lu\u1eadn Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1&lt;\/em&gt; d\u00e0nh cho to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, c\u00f2n trong lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, t\u1ea1m d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/postulates-theological\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/postulates-theological\/\" >Postulates, Theological<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Power of Being&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec1n H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Paul Tillich (1886-1965) trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi &quot;&lt;em&gt;ground of being&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1eefu th\u1ec3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/power-of-being\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/power-of-being\/\" >Power of Being<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Power of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec1n L\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/power-of-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/power-of-sin\/\" >Power of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Power\/Absolute \u05d2\u05b4\u05bc\u05d1\u05b9\u05bc\u0596\u05e8 (gib-b\u00f2r) (mighty, strong, power)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec1n N\u0103ng, Quy\u1ec1n L\u1ef1c\/ N\u0103ng Quy\u1ec1n Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03c2. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n, quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t ra. (Quy\u1ec1n N\u0103ng Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, Rom 1:16). Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao ban xu\u1ed1ng do \u0110CT ban cho. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ban cho. N\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5ng cao c\u1ea3, \u0110\u1ea5ng to\u00e0n n\u0103ng hay &lt;em&gt;Omnipotence.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0N\u00f3i chung, trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa (&lt;em&gt;strong, mightly&lt;\/em&gt;), ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d trong Kinh C\u01af, (&lt;em&gt;Kinh Th\u00e1nh Tanakh&lt;\/em&gt;, Do Th\u00e1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ri\u00eang cho t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;power \u2013 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u00a0Trong b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, 1926 (Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng VN), ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n Anh ng\u1eef c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cpower - quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qua Kinh T\u01af Hy-l\u1ea1p, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201c\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03c2\u201d, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ri\u00eang\u2026 Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Vi\u1ec7t Ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. X\u00e9t c\u00e2u kinh Gi\u0103ng 1:12. \u201cth\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n\u201d l\u00e0 authority, right (&lt;em&gt;ekousia&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 \u1edf Roma 1:16, \u201cquy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng\u201d l\u00e0 (&lt;em&gt;dunamis&lt;\/em&gt;) (power, quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng) \u201c&lt;em&gt;Tin l\u00e0nh l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;br \/&gt;\nTh\u1eadt t\u1eeb \u201cquy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng\u201d n\u1eb1m \u1edf trong \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110CT l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng V\u00f4 S\u1edf B\u1ea5t N\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Omni-potent). &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, nh\u1edd c\u00e1nh tay quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i\u201d\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c KT C\u01af m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Absolute Power&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u00d4ng M\u00f4i-se di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3, \u201c&lt;em&gt;b\u1edfi c\u00e1nh &lt;strong&gt;tay quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng&lt;\/strong&gt; Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111em d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(Xuat 3:3), Lit. \u201ctay m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd Ng\u00e0i.\u201d (KJV, &lt;em&gt;for by strength of hand...; &lt;\/em&gt;NAS&lt;em&gt;, for by a powerful of hand.. &lt;\/em&gt;). - Gi\u00f3p 12:13 c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, \u201cb\u1edfi kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng\u201d (Lit. \u201cCSB,.. &lt;em&gt;wisdom and strength&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d; KJV, &lt;em&gt;wisdom ang might.\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;And, NASB&lt;em&gt;, wisdom and strenth.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; Th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft\u2026 ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00f4i. (Giop 13:13; Thi 145:4; Xuat &lt;strong&gt;\u05d6\u05b6\u05e7\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05d7\u05b9\u05a3&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;bo-h\u00f3-zeq&lt;\/em&gt;)). \u00a0&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;God&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/power-absolute-%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8-gib-bor-mighty-strong-power\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/power-absolute-%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8-gib-bor-mighty-strong-power\/\" >Power\/Absolute \u05d2\u05b4\u05bc\u05d1\u05b9\u05bc\u0596\u05e8 (gib-b\u00f2r) (mighty, strong, power)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Practical Syl-logism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tam \u0110o\u1ea1n Lu\u1eadn Th\u1ef1c D\u1ee5ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tam \u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong lu\u1eadn l\u00ed th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng; th\u00ed d\u1ee5: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng ai tin th\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, - t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, - n\u00ean t\u00f4i tin&quot;&lt;\/em&gt;. Phao-l\u00f4 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Lu\u1eadn l\u00ed n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tam \u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/practical-syl-logism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/practical-syl-logism\/\" >Practical Syl-logism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Practical Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Th\u1ef1c D\u1ee5ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/practical-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/practical-theology\/\" >Practical Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Practice\/ Practical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf, Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb La-tin &lt;em&gt;practic\/ practica\/ practicus&lt;\/em&gt;. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng, th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng (ngay).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/practice-practical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/practice-practical\/\" >Practice\/ Practical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pragmatism\/Pragmatics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ef1c D\u1ee5ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Pragmatikos&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;Pragmaticus&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ef1c D\u1ee5ng Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thi\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft su\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec m\u1edbi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng do 3 tri\u1ebft gia c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914), William James (1842-1910), v\u00e0 John Dewey (1859-1952). Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ef1c D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (&lt;em&gt;Pragmatism&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm trong d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn nay. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft su\u00f4ng, m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ecd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 \u00edch. Trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng m\u00ea t\u00edn, d\u1ecb \u0111oan, m\u00ea t\u00edn ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn l\u00ed m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i. V\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng nhanh v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ee9 m\u1ef1c kh\u0103ng theo thuy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u hay ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u t\u1edbi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m linh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a William James, \u00a0&quot;&lt;em&gt;Pragmatism&lt;\/em&gt; (1907); &lt;em&gt;The Meanning of Truth&lt;\/em&gt; (1909)&quot;, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a John Dewey &quot;&lt;em&gt;The Common Faith&lt;\/em&gt; (1934); &lt;em&gt;Knowing and The Known&lt;\/em&gt; (1940), \u00a0m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng,&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pragmatism-pragmatics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pragmatism-pragmatics\/\" >Pragmatism\/Pragmatics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Praise The Lord&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n Vinh Ch\u00faa, Ca Ng\u1ee3i Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng t\u00f4n vinh ca ng\u1ee3i Ch\u00faa trong m\u1ed7i l\u00fac th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa trong HT hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o. Nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;\u05d1\u05b8\u05bc\u05e8\u05b2\u05db\u05a3\u05d5\u05bc&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;b\u00e0-r\u0103k\u00f9&lt;\/em&gt;) \u201cbless\u201d (Ph\u01b0\u1edbc\/ ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh thay). \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0110CT s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o xong v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, KT ch\u00e9p r\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho ch\u00fang, S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 1: 22,\u201d \u00a0&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng: H\u00e3y sanh s\u1ea3n, th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u, l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n; c\u00f2n c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim h\u00e3y sanh s\u1ea3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t cho nhi\u1ec1u&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110CT ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u201cban ph\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d\u2026 Nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n 12:1-3, Ch\u00faa h\u1ee9a ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho Ab-ram v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i, khi \u00f4ng v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa ra \u0111i. T\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;ba-r\u0103k&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Anh: bless, praise, exalt. Ri\u00eang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ra nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau: t\u00f4n vinh, ng\u1ee3i khen, ch\u00fac t\u1ee5ng, ch\u00fac t\u00f4n, h\u00e1t khen, ca khen, ca t\u1ee5ng\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00fd ch\u00ednh v\u1eabn l\u00e0, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ct\u00f4n vinh ch\u00fac t\u1ee5ng\u201d danh Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0ng trong v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p ch\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d danh Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn hay c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua \u0110a-vit d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong s\u00e1ch Thi Thi\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 330 l\u1ea7n trong to\u00e0n KT. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 Ca T\u1ee5ng T\u00f4n Vinh Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u00a0k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, khi\u00eam nhu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i cao, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ca t\u1ee5ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Adonai (Gia-v\u00ea) c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n vinh \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai. \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u\/ ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o ca t\u1ee5ng Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh. Ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. Ph\u1ea7n ca ng\u1ee3i Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng, C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c ca s\u0129, nh\u1ea1c s\u0129, th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eddn s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac ca (carols), Th\u00e1nh Ca (hyms), Th\u00e1nh Thi (psalm) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nQua \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ca ng\u1ee3i t\u00f4n vinh Ch\u00faa qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca m\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;(praise songs&lt;\/em&gt;) trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt, \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ch\u00faa, \u201c&lt;em&gt;h\u00e3y h\u00e1t m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca m\u1edbi cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va\u2026\u201d (Thi 96:1; 98; 149:1). &lt;\/em&gt;N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c th\u00eam nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ca m\u1edbi m\u00e0 h\u00e1t ca ng\u1ee3i Ch\u00faa. Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m \u201cb\u00e0i ca m\u1edbi\u201d th\u1eadt kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u1edbi m\u1ed7i khi c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t ca t\u1ee5ng Ch\u00faa.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n vinh Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111o c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng t\u00f4n vinh Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, \u201c&lt;em&gt;H\u1ee1i h&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c d\u00e2n m\u00e0\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;Ch\u00faa&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1edd l\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;Ch\u00faa&lt;\/strong&gt;, v\u00e0\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;t\u00f4n&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;vinh&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0 danh\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;Ch\u00faa&lt;\/strong&gt;. V\u00ec &lt;strong&gt;Ch\u00faa&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Thi 86:9-10). C\u00f3 l\u00fac \u00f4ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, &lt;em&gt;\u201cH\u1ee1i c\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y ca t\u1ee5ng Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026\u201d.. \u201c&lt;em&gt;H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c t\u1eebng tr\u1eddi h\u00e3y ca t\u1ee5ng Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d.v.v\u2026 (Thi 148:1).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nS\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau r\u1ed1t&lt;em&gt;,&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u201c&lt;em&gt; (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3) nghe \u0111\u1ebfn danh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa J\u00easus, m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u &lt;strong&gt;qu\u00ec xu\u1ed1ng&lt;\/strong&gt;,\u00a0\u00a0v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u x\u01b0ng J\u00easus Christ l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa, m\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;t\u00f4n vinh&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d (Phi-lip 2:10-11). &lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Halelujah&lt;\/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Blessing&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/praise-the-lord\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/praise-the-lord\/\" >Praise The Lord<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Praxis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ed9ng, L\u00e0m Vi\u1ec7c, C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;prasis \u201c&lt;\/em&gt;action, practice&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng). T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong &quot;th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng&quot; \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd v\u1eeba &quot;h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng&quot; v\u00e0 &quot;ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh&quot;, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a &lt;em&gt;th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt; (dialetical theology) v\u1eeba l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1eeba th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/praxis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/praxis\/\" >Praxis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Prayer&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n, C\u1ea7u Xin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;proseuxy&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;precari&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to retreat.&quot; T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin cao c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf th\u1eadt s\u1ef1: (1) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110CT th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu, l\u1eafng nghe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 (2) \u0110CT \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 an sinh v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nS\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra trong nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, tha thi\u1ebft c\u1ea7u xin, k\u00eau c\u1ea7u, k\u00eau c\u1ee9u, ca ng\u1ee3i, t\u00f4n vinh, c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1, c\u1ea7u thay... \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c b\u1ea9m sinh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng cao c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ecdi k\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho bi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Yah-v\u00eah Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 D\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e0n kinh nghi\u1ec7m li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0110CT. \u00a0Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb prayer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 sau: &quot;&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng cao c\u1ea3 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi)&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay &quot;&lt;em&gt;c\u1edfi m\u1edf n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;, hay &quot;&lt;em&gt;c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prayer\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prayer\/\" >Prayer<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Prayer Books&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch gom l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c l\u1ec5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prayer-books\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prayer-books\/\" >Prayer Books<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Prayer Prophetic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n Ti\u00ean Tri&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prayer-prophetic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prayer-prophetic\/\" >Prayer Prophetic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Prayers for The Dead&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n Cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00ed tin r\u1eb1ng, &quot;l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed9i&quot; s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prayers-for-the-dead\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prayers-for-the-dead\/\" >Prayers for The Dead<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pre-existence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec1n Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Praeexistence&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to exist beforehand&quot;. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt;, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i Hai trong Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 qua Ch\u00faa Jesus \u1edf B\u00ea-lem. T\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb then ch\u1ed1t trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng &quot;&lt;em&gt;Leap of &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Faith&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Im. Kant), v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pre-existence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pre-existence\/\" >Pre-existence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Preacher\/ Theology of Preacher&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o, Nh\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u1ea3ng\/ Thi\u00ean H\u1ecdc Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o, Gi\u1ea3ng S\u01b0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Praedicare &lt;\/em&gt;&quot;to proclaim.&quot; Trong KT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, Vua Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Preacher (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o, Th\u1ea7y Gi\u1ea3ng, Gi\u1ea3ng S\u01b0). T\u1eeb Preacher bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai n\u00f3i ra L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110CT, nh\u01b0 Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf L\u1ec5, c\u00e1c Ti\u00ean Tri, c\u00e1c T\u00f4i T\u1edb, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103n Chi\u00ean, M\u1ee5c S\u01b0, S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3.v.v\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong HT ng\u00e0y, th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u1eafm, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ai \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin L\u00e0nh th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cpreacher, ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o\/ truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ef1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, Preacher d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p License, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 License to Preach, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ra rao gi\u1ea3ng, truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 L\u1eddi \u0110CT. Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec5 n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong HT, tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung c\u1ee7a preacher l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o (L\u1ec5 Nghi n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Southern Baptist Conven-tion). Ngay khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh Th\u00e1nh hay ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p License to Preach (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9ng Ch\u1ec9 Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u1ebfu \u0111i xa h\u01a1n trong ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 ch\u0103n b\u1ea7y, n\u1ebfu h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed3ng, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, th\u00ec c\u00f3 L\u1ec5 Ordination (L\u1ec5 Th\u1ee5 Phong M\u1ee5c S\u01b0). &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Pastor&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preacher-theology-of-preacher\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preacher-theology-of-preacher\/\" >Preacher\/ Theology of Preacher<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Preambles of Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 trong m\u00f4n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vatican II (1962-1965), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u qua lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preambles-of-faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preambles-of-faith\/\" >Preambles of Faith<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Prebyterian Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prebyterian-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prebyterian-church\/\" >Prebyterian Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Prebyterianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Reformed Theological Tradition (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prebyterianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prebyterianism\/\" >Prebyterianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Predestination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Praedestinatio&lt;\/em&gt;, \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;foreordination&lt;\/em&gt; (s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc) hay l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;predefinition&lt;\/em&gt; (x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc - t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3). Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (&lt;em&gt;Reform Church&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u00e3 tin ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y, v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i, r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n hay ch\u1ebft v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Double Predestination&lt;\/em&gt; - Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u00f4i).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/predestination\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/predestination\/\" >Predestination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Predetermination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec1n Quy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Predestination&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y do Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Thomas Aquina (1225-1275) d\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u00e9p hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao? T\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/predetermination\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/predetermination\/\" >Predetermination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Preexistence of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ec1n H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;xem th\u00eam t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt; (Gi\u0103ng 1:1,14; I Cor. 8:6; Col. 1:15-17 v\u00e0 H\u00eab-r\u01a1 1:1-2; Gi\u0103ng 10:30);&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preexistence-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preexistence-of-christ\/\" >Preexistence of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Preexistence of Soul&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ec1n H\u1eefu Linh H\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c (sinh ra). C\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh l\u00ean \u00e1n gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Preexistentism&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preexistence-of-soul\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preexistence-of-soul\/\" >Preexistence of Soul<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Preincarnate Humanity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh Ti\u1ec1n Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh n\u00e0y v\u1eabn gi\u1eef trong Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin chung c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preincarnate-humanity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preincarnate-humanity\/\" >Preincarnate Humanity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Premillenialism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ti\u1ec1n Thi\u00ean Ni\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1,000 n\u0103m b\u00ecnh an, \u0111\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa cai tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (Kh\u1ea3i 20:1-5). Nh\u00ecn chung, \u0111a s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o &lt;em&gt;Pre-millenialism&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ch\u00faa, h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd c\u1ea5t h\u1ecd ngay sau 7 c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfng k\u00e8n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean-s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111em h\u1ecd \u0111i, v\u00e0 (ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i) 1 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m b\u00ecnh an do Ch\u00faa cai tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng cai tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i trong N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi (I Tes. 5:1-11; Math. 24:1-51; M\u00e1c 13:14-27; Lu-ca 21:20-28).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/premillenialism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/premillenialism\/\" >Premillenialism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Premillenialist&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Th\u1ee9c Gi\u00e3 Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ti\u1ec1n Thi\u00ean Ni\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng ai tin theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; Millenialism, Post-millenialism v\u00e0 pre-tribu-lationism&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/premillenialist\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/premillenialist\/\" >Premillenialist<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Preparation, Day of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y S\u1eafm S\u1eeda, Ng\u00e0y Chu\u1ea9n B\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Paraskeu\u00e8&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Friday (Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u), ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 7 (Sa-b\u00e1t), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n cho ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t (l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n Do-th\u00e1i). Trong Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc cho bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh trong ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 6 (Ng\u00e0y S\u1eafm S\u1eeda), v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft qua \u0111\u00eam sang ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t, cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u00f4n Ch\u00faa trong chi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 (Chi\u1ec1u Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u) (Ma-thi-\u01a1. 27:62; M\u00e1c 15:42; Lu-ca 23:54; Gi\u0103ng 19:14-31, 42).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preparation-day-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preparation-day-of\/\" >Preparation, Day of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Presby-terium&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u01a1 C\u1ea5u T\u1ed5 Ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/presby-terium\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/presby-terium\/\" >Presby-terium<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Presbyterian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Presbyteros&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;elder&quot;, t\u1eeb ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00ed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a John Calvin (1509-1564), v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch (&lt;em&gt;Reformers&lt;\/em&gt;). Ngay sau khi M. Luther kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 &quot;C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Protestant&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Tin L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;) bao g\u1ed3m Luther, Methodish, Congre-gation, Purtitant, Baptists. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai l\u00fac \u1ea5y theo gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Calvin l\u1eadp ri\u00eang gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, v\u1ec1 sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Reformers&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/presbyterian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/presbyterian\/\" >Presbyterian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Prescience, Divine&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Bi\u1ebft Tr\u01b0\u1edbc\/ Ti\u1ec1n Tri Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Praescientia&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;foreknowledge&lt;em&gt;,&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u00ean nghi\u1ec7m, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1; v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong t\u1eeb Omniscience (&lt;em&gt;V\u00f4 Ss\u1edf B\u1ea5t Tri&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prescience-divine\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prescience-divine\/\" >Prescience, Divine<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Presence of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7n Di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Praesentia Christ&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a (Math. 28:20; Gi\u0103ng 14:23, 15:4-7). H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh (C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o) ng\u00e0y nay lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tin r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang khi th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/presence-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/presence-of-christ\/\" >Presence of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Presence, Bodily&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec3 Th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0n c\u00e3i s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa t\u00edn l\u00ed tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;Luther&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Lutheran Theology&lt;\/em&gt; tin r\u1eb1ng b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u nho s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong khi d\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Consub-stantialism&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u nho, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt (th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft th\u1eadt) khi d\u1ef1 L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Transubstan-tialism&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, theo Zwingli, tin r\u1eb1ng b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nho ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 ra cho ch\u00fang ta (Symbolism).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/presence-bodily\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/presence-bodily\/\" >Presence, Bodily<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Presentation of Christ in the Temple&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Tr\u00ecnh D\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ trong \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 ca t\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 d\u00e2ng tr\u00ecnh (d\u00e2ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng con) cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Jerusalem do cha m\u1eb9 con tr\u1ebb Jesus (Luc. 2:22-29), sau khi sinh 40 ng\u00e0y (theo t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7, Xu\u1ea5t 13:2; L\u00ea. 12:2-8). Nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 2, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 \u0110\u00e8n Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Candlemas&lt;\/em&gt;) hay L\u1ec5 Thanh T\u1ea9y (&lt;em&gt;Purification&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 M\u1eb9 \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh Mary c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1ec5 Tr\u00ecnh D\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 &quot;Tr\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7n M\u1eb9 Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea1nh \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh Mary&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 ng\u00e0y 21 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. (D\u1ef1a theo s\u00e1ch \u201cTi\u1ec1n Ph\u00fac-\u00e2m Gia-c\u01a1\u201d (S\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c GH Tin L\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn), \u00a0\u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 150 AD, khi b\u00e0 Ma-ri \u0111em Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00fac 3 tu\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/presentation-of-christ-in-the-temple\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/presentation-of-christ-in-the-temple\/\" >Presentation of Christ in the Temple<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Presupposition\/ Presupposalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1\/ Thuy\u1ebft L\u00ed Gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ecbnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong khi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, b\u00e0n c\u00e3i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ebft l\u00ed gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7m. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng &quot;kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&quot; th\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn &quot;s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&quot; l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y do Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Cornelius Van Til d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/presupposition-presupposalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/presupposition-presupposalism\/\" >Presupposition\/ Presupposalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Preterist View&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quan \u0110i\u1ec3m Ti\u1ec1n Ki\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Praeteritus&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;past&quot;, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ra (nh\u01b0 trong S\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i-huy\u1ec1n) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra cho ch\u00fang ta trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preterist-view\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preterist-view\/\" >Preterist View<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Preterition&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ebfn Ki\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c Gi\u00e3 Calvin (&lt;em&gt;Calvinists&lt;\/em&gt;), tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preterition\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/preterition\/\" >Preterition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pretri-bulationism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1i N\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xem th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Tribulation &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i N\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;)&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pretri-bulationism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pretri-bulationism\/\" >Pretri-bulationism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pretribulation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1i N\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ai &quot;l\u00e0 con c\u00e1i Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt&quot; (&lt;em&gt;th\u1eadt C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;real Christians&lt;\/em&gt;) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &quot;c\u1ea5t l\u00ean&quot; tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00fac Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3 (I Tes. 5; II Tes. 2; I Cor. 15:50-57).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pretribulation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pretribulation\/\" >Pretribulation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pride&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ki\u00eau Ng\u1ea1o, T\u1ef1 H\u00e0o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Superbia&lt;\/em&gt;, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00ean ph\u1ea7n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: &lt;em&gt;t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o, t\u1ef1 ki\u00eau, ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh, ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o hay l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ki\u00eau th\u00ec t\u1ecf ra tinh th\u1ea7n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u00fd x\u1ea5u. Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta. Sa-tan lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang ta l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 ki\u00eau, ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, v\u00ec ngay ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 b\u00e0 \u00ca-va &quot;&lt;em&gt;ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; \u201cKi\u00eau-ng\u1ea1o\u201d l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean c\u1edb c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, theo quan ni\u1ec7m T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; c\u00f2n \u00a0\u201ctham d\u1ee5c\u201d theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy trong B\u1ea3n 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng trong ph\u1ea7n d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ti\u00ean Tri, c\u00e1c vua, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su trong th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, nguy h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o v\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o. Trong m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc, ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o l\u00e0 1 trong 7 t\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft, theo Th\u00e1nh Augustine (354-430), l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i (S\u00e1ng 3). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y h\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nM\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua kh\u00f4n ngoan nh\u01b0 Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;em&gt;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u201c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e0m ai c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m g\u1edbm ghi\u1ebfc cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va; Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt n\u00f3&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t\u201c &lt;\/em&gt;(Ch\u00e2m 16;5).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;Ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0\u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t; &lt;strong&gt;T\u1ef1 cao&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 sa ng\u00e3.\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n 16: 18).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0gi\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 tranh c\u1ea1nh; Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebb n\u00e0o tin c\u1eady \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c no n\u00ea.\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Ch\u00e2m-ng\u00f4n 28:25).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u00e1nh Gia-c\u01a1 khuy\u00ean:&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;em&gt;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u201cV\u00ec v\u1eady, Kinh Th\u00e1nh ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 k\u1ebb\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o&lt;\/strong&gt;, nh\u01b0ng ban \u01a1n cho k\u1ebb &lt;strong&gt;khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng&lt;\/strong&gt;.\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Gia-c\u01a1 4:6).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u00e1nh Phao-l\u00f4 c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y:&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;em&gt;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &lt;\/em&gt;\u201c&lt;em&gt;T\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng hay nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c; t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng hay nh\u01a1n t\u1eeb; t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eb3ng ghen t\u1ecb, ch\u1eb3ng khoe m\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng l\u00ean m\u00ecnh\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o&lt;\/strong&gt;,..\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (I C\u00f4. 12:5).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Khi c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u201ct\u1ef1 cao\u201d (c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o).&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;em&gt;\u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec ai\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;t\u1ef1&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;nh\u1eafc&lt;\/strong&gt; m\u00ecnh l\u00ean, s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00f2n ai\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0xu\u1ed1ng, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u00ean.\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Lu-ca 14:11). Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0 r\u1eefa ch\u00e2n cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n-\u0111\u1ec7.&lt;br \/&gt;\nSu\u1ed1t m\u00f4t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng khi\u00eam nh\u1eeb\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c Ch\u00faa Cha cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft,\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c\u2026Ng\u00e0i &lt;em&gt;l\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh t\u00f4i t\u1edb v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh x&lt;\/strong&gt;u\u1ed1ng, v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u00e2y th\u1eadp\u00a0t\u1ef1.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; Phi-lip 2:7-8). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110CT l\u00e0 Cha c\u1ea5t l\u00ean, ban ng\u00f4i cao c\u1ea3 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 tr\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pride\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pride\/\" >Pride<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Priest&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf L\u1ec5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p, &lt;em&gt;Hiereus&lt;\/em&gt;, ra t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Presbyteros&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;elder&quot; v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Sacredos&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y khi d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 T\u00edn H\u1eefu trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc (Kh\u1ea3i 1:6; 5:10; 20:6, v\u00e0 I Ph\u00ea. 2:9). Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb thay m\u1eb7t d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa trong c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 l\u1ed9c trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi M\u00f4i-se, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf d\u00e2ng c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i, tha t\u1ed9i, t\u1ea1 \u01a1n cho d\u00e2n. A-r\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t cho d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eafng Si-nai khi d\u00e2n \u0111i kh\u1ecfi Ai-c\u1eadp. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef theo l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Chi Ph\u00e1i L\u00ea-vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 A-r\u00f4n, M\u00f4i-se. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, V\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf d\u00e2ng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m con sinh t\u1ebf chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ebf Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Holy High Priest, &lt;\/em&gt;Heb. 3-9). Ngo\u00e0i ra ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf (&lt;em&gt;priest&lt;\/em&gt;) kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 nh\u01b0, M\u00ea-chi-x\u00ea-\u0111\u00e9c, Gi\u00ea-tr\u00f4 (Cha v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u00f4i-se). Theo t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc M\u00f4i-se, trong c\u00e1c chi ph\u00e1i, b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean ki\u1ebfn (&lt;em&gt;fore see&lt;\/em&gt;), tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o (&lt;em&gt;elder&lt;\/em&gt;), tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed9c (&lt;em&gt;leader of the clan&lt;\/em&gt;), ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf cho \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3, \u0110\u1ea5ng Thi\u00eang Li\u00eang - t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Xem s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 4:26 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i bi\u1ebft th\u1edd k\u00ednh Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a S\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0 \u00ca-va sinh th\u1ebf cho A-b\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Ca-in gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft (S\u00e1ng 4). Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1c C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Priest, c\u00e1c GH Tin L\u00e0nh l\u00e0 M\u1ee5c S\u01b0. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i TL Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o g\u1ecdi Elder (hay m\u1ee5c s\u01b0).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/priest\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/priest\/\" >Priest<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Priestess&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1eef T\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/priestess\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/priestess\/\" >Priestess<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Priesthood of The Believers&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadn Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf c\u1ee7a T\u00edn H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh kinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M. Luther (1493-1546) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qua m\u1ed9t trung gian n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 qua Jesus Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (Heb. 3:1- 4:14). Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh n\u00f3i chung. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i B\u00e1p-t\u00edt Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (SBC) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qua b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin &amp; Th\u00f4ng \u0110i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Baptist (The &lt;em&gt;Baptist Faith &amp; Message&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/priesthood-of-the-believers\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/priesthood-of-the-believers\/\" >Priesthood of The Believers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Primacy of Peter&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u01afu Ph\u1ea9m S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/primacy-of-peter\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/primacy-of-peter\/\" >Primacy of Peter<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Primary of The Pope&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadn Cao C\u1ea3, Ch\u1ee9c N\u0103ng \u01afu Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00e2m linh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu trong m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/primary-of-the-pope\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/primary-of-the-pope\/\" >Primary of The Pope<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Primative Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ban S\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t do c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 khai l\u1eadp khi h\u1ecd c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng (kho\u1ea3ng 30-100 AD), nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem, \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4, An-ti-\u1ed1t, C\u00f4-l\u00f4-se.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/primative-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/primative-church\/\" >Primative Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Primative Revelation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y\/ \u01afu Vi\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb t\u1eeb khi s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb cho A-dam, Ab-ra-ham, M\u00f4i-se) v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 1-11).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/primative-revelation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/primative-revelation\/\" >Primative Revelation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Prime Move&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u1ed9ng\/ S\u1ef1 Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng Ti\u00ean Kh\u1edfi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t &quot;S\u1ef1 Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean&quot; (&lt;em&gt;First Mover&lt;\/em&gt;) hay &quot;\u0110\u1ea5ng Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u1ed9ng&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Prime Mover&lt;\/em&gt;) ho\u1eb7c &quot;Phi Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Unmoved Mover&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &quot;nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1i cao&quot; (&lt;em&gt;ultimate cause&lt;\/em&gt;), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 &quot;\u0110\u1ea5ng Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng&quot; (&lt;em&gt;God&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n v\u0169 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa (c\u1ea3 Tin L\u00e0nh l\u1eabn C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o) lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Ri\u00eang GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 theo Thomas Aquina l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c, minh gi\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea5ng &quot;&lt;em&gt;First Mover&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n ai c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prime-move\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prime-move\/\" >Prime Move<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Primordial Being&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3 Ti\u00ean Kh\u1edfi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb do tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o gia Thomas J. J. Altizer (b.1927) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus&lt;em&gt; (Transcendent God)&lt;\/em&gt;. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0o trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/primordial-being\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/primordial-being\/\" >Primordial Being<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Primordial Nature of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nguy\u00ean T\u00ednh \u01afu Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn do Tri\u1ebft Gia Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/primordial-nature-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/primordial-nature-of-god\/\" >Primordial Nature of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Primordial Sacra-ment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh T\u00edch \u01afu Vi\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Jesus Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh t\u00edch \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t (tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean) r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh t\u00edch kh\u00e1c trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/primordial-sacra-ment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/primordial-sacra-ment\/\" >Primordial Sacra-ment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Prince of Peace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh\/ Ch\u00faa B\u00ecnh An&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u00ca-sai 9:6, t\u1eeb th\u00e1nh kinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd sinh ra cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i - Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (TL) l\u00e0 &quot;Ch\u00faa B\u00ecnh An&quot;. Th\u1ef1c ra, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb &quot;Ch\u00faa B\u00ecnh An&quot; l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus sau n\u00e0y trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. \u0110\u00fang ra l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a \u0111en c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 &quot;Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Prince of Peace&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ti\u00ean tri \u00ca-sai v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd Ch\u00faa cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i, v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus, Ng\u00e0i: &quot;L\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ed1 V\u1ea5n Tuy\u1ec7t V\u1eddi&quot; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Si\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t Cao C\u1ea3, Kh\u00f4n Ngoan Ch\u00ed T\u00f4n, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ed1 V\u1ea5n&lt;\/em&gt;), &quot;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi To\u00e0n N\u0103ng&quot; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;), &quot;Cha \u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u1eddi&quot; (&lt;em&gt;T\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;), &quot;Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Con Tr\u1eddi mang con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m h\u00f2a v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong \u00fd Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110CT l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 T\u00e2n-\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 4 S\u00e1ch Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 cho ch\u00fang ta, Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 &quot;Con c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi,\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cHo\u00e0ng T\u1eed c\u1ee7a Vua Tr\u1eddi.\u201d Ngay c\u00e2u n\u00e0y (\u00ca-sai 9:6) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1: (1) Ch\u00faa Jesus, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (theo t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc &quot;&lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng kh\u00f4n ngoan t\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi (Gi\u0103ng 1:1); (2) Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi To\u00e0n N\u0103ng\u201d (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, &lt;\/em&gt;Gi\u0103ng 1:1-3); (3) Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 &quot;Cha \u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u1eddi&quot; (Gi\u0103ng 10:30 \u2013 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ta v\u1edbi Cha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;); (4) Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 &quot;Ch\u00faa (&lt;em&gt;Con&lt;\/em&gt;) B\u00ecnh An\u201d. Ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u201cHo\u00e0ng T\u1eed Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Prince of Peace&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u Ma-thi-\u01a1 6:9 - Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Con &quot;m\u1eabu&quot;\u00a0 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; (5) Q\u1ee7a th\u1eadt, trong c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 l\u1ebd th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch: &quot;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t&quot; &quot;Tam V\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3&quot;, v\u00e0 &quot;Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf&quot; \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf C\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i. Ti\u00ean Tri \u00ca-sai \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho ch\u00fang ta. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, sau khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec Ch\u00faa m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 &quot;Ch\u00faa B\u00ecnh An&quot; c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd (\u00ca-ph\u00ea 2:14-17).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prince-of-peace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prince-of-peace\/\" >Prince of Peace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Princeton Theology, Old&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc C\u1ef1u Princeton&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Calvin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y do c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1ef1u \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Princeton t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1812-1921. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ch\u00ednh: Archibald Alexander (1772-1851), Charles Hodge (1797-1878), A. A. Hodge (1823-1886), B. B. Warfield (1851-1921) v\u00e0 J. Gresham Machen (1881-1931). Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng: &lt;em&gt;Evedence of The Authenticity, Inspiration and Canonical Authority of The Holy Scripture&lt;\/em&gt; (1836, by Ar. Al); &lt;em&gt;Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review, Systematic Theology &lt;\/em&gt;(1872-1873, by C.H), &lt;em&gt;Christianity and Liberalism&lt;\/em&gt; (1923, by J. G. Mac).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/princeton-theology-old\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/princeton-theology-old\/\" >Princeton Theology, Old<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Principalities and Powers&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf L\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Hai t\u1eeb l\u1ea5y trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 (\u00caph. 6:12), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (Rom. 8:38; I Cor. 15:24; \u00caph. 1:21, 3:10, 6:12). Nhi\u00ean h\u1eadu, th\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Jesus Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf (\u00caph. 1:20-21; Col. 1:16; I Cor 2:6 v\u00e0 15:24).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/principalities-and-powers\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/principalities-and-powers\/\" >Principalities and Powers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Principle&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u00eau Chu\u1ea9n C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh &lt;em&gt;&quot;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin&quot;&lt;\/em&gt; (hay &lt;em&gt;&quot;s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin&quot;)&lt;\/em&gt; (Rom.1:16b) c\u1ee7a M. Luther (1483-1546).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/principle\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/principle\/\" >Principle<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Priseillianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Priseilla&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Priseillians gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Avila (380-381) kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Jesus, v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y &quot;ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u&quot; (&lt;em&gt;modalism&lt;\/em&gt;). Ban \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Priseillians \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n; do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1eddi \u1ea5y. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft \u00e1n \u1edf Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Sargossa 380 AD. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 385, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Maxinuis ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng tu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u1edf Galicia.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/priseillianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/priseillianism\/\" >Priseillianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Prison Epistles&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Th\u01b0 T\u00edn Trong T\u00f9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111ang khi S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb giam trong t\u00f9 \u1edf Rome. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 trong 60&#039;s AD: &lt;em&gt;\u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4, C\u00f4-l\u00f4-se, Phi-l\u00edp v\u00e0 Phi-l\u00ea-m\u00f4n (Ephesians; Colosians; Philipians v\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Philemon).&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prison-epistles\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prison-epistles\/\" >Prison Epistles<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Probabillism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1eed Nghi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Probabilis&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;likely&quot; (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0, tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o l\u00ed &lt;em&gt;Probabillianorism&lt;\/em&gt;, cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3 thi, kh\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed kh\u00e1c trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; do Dominican Modina thu\u1ed9c D\u00f2ng Jesuits (&lt;em&gt;D\u00f2ng Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf)&lt;\/em&gt;, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n \u0111ang l\u01b0u d\u1ea1y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/probabillism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/probabillism\/\" >Probabillism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Process Philosophy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Ti\u1ec7m Ti\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t &quot;ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i&quot;, &quot;bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i&quot; t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p do nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng do Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947) v\u00e0 Charles Hartshorne (b.1897).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/process-philosophy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/process-philosophy\/\" >Process Philosophy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Process Regeneration&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ebfn Tr\u00ecnh T\u00e1i Sanh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1ch ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn (&lt;em&gt;c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i qua t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i sinh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t, hay l\u00e0 ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh l\u00e0 do \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u1edbi n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n thi th\u1ed1 tr\u00ean ai t\u00f9y theo \u00fd Ng\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn &quot;c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i&quot;; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb &quot;h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c\u201d (&lt;em&gt;form&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ebfn &quot;t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, t\u00e2m linh&quot; (&lt;em&gt;spiritual&lt;\/em&gt;); r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/process-regeneration\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/process-regeneration\/\" >Process Regeneration<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Process Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o Ti\u1ec7m Ti\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, &lt;em&gt;Process Theology&lt;\/em&gt; l\u1ea1i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua &quot;b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t&quot; v\u1edbi &quot;h\u1eefu th\u1ec3&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Substance&lt;\/em&gt; kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;being&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u1ec1 sau, kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960&#039;s nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o gia \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean r\u1ea5t g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Th\u00e1nh Kinh li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o &lt;em&gt;Christology&lt;\/em&gt; (C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a &lt;em&gt;Process Theology&lt;\/em&gt; trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 70&#039;s, qua c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o gia John Cobb, Schubert Ogden, Daniel D. Williams v\u00e0 Norman Pittenger. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, qua &lt;em&gt;Process Theology&lt;\/em&gt;, n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu \u00edch: (1) Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi si\u00eau h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u1edf trong kh\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban b\u1ed1 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. (2) M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp gi\u1eefa khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc\/ th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, gi\u1eefa &quot;si\u00eau h\u00ecnh&quot; v\u00e0 &quot;v\u1eadt l\u00ed,&quot; gi\u1eefa &quot;\u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn&quot; v\u00e0 &quot;qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh&quot;. (3) Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb &quot;ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n&quot; \u0111\u1ebfn &quot;phi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n&quot; \u201cphi ngh\u0129a&quot;. (4) L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. (5) T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ng\u1eef v\u1ec1 b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00fac m\u1eafc, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u00e1nh Kinh Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/process-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/process-theology\/\" >Process Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Procession of The Holy Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Sinh Ra\/ Xu\u1ea5t Ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ra t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi hay t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus trong Ba Ng\u00f4i. T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;ekporeusis&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;processio&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;emanation from another&quot; (xu\u1ea5t ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c). Trong gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Con v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t.\u201d T\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai quan \u0111i\u1ec3m - N\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tin r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ee9c Con sinh ra t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Cha &lt;em&gt;(proceeds from), &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u201csinh ra t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Cha v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Con\u201d (Lat. &lt;em&gt;filioque&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u00f2n n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tin r\u1eb1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u201csinh ra t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha\u201d (&lt;em&gt;single proces-sion&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 9&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/procession-of-the-holy-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/procession-of-the-holy-spirit\/\" >Procession of The Holy Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Proclamation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o, Tuy\u00ean B\u1ed1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;K\u00e8ryma&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin &lt;em&gt;Praedicatio, Proclamato&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa cho tha nh\u00e2n hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ph\u00fac \u00e2m c\u1ee7a Jesus Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf (Rom. 1:16, 16:25, I Cor. 15:14, II Tes. 2:14). K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u1edf \u0111i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, s\u1ef1 rao gi\u1ea3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eebng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 t\u00edn l\u00ed, tin m\u1eebng, ph\u00fac \u00e2m, c\u1ee9u-r\u1ed7i... Song-song l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00ed trong c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa cho ni\u1ec1m tin, s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proclamation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proclamation\/\" >Proclamation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Professing Christian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng M\u00ecnh L\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Theo Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/professing-christian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/professing-christian\/\" >Professing Christian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Profession&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng, S\u1ef1 X\u01b0ng T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Professus&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;from Profiteri&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to confess open&quot; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng khai. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\u00a0 Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1p-tem l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Profess&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng ni\u1ec1m tin) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &quot;c\u1ee9u&quot; v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/profession\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/profession\/\" >Profession<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Progressive Creationism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o Ti\u1ec7m Ti\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Creationism&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/progressive-creationism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/progressive-creationism\/\" >Progressive Creationism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Progressive Revelation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb Ti\u1ec7m Ti\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb theo th\u1eddi gian.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/progressive-revelation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/progressive-revelation\/\" >Progressive Revelation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Progressive Revelation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Minh Kh\u1ea3i Ti\u1ec7m Ti\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ch\u00faa kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb qua Th\u00e1nh-kinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp, do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp n\u1eefa;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/progressive-revelation-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/progressive-revelation-2\/\" >Progressive Revelation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Projectionism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb do Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872), n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed hay l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb l\u00e2u ch\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong t\u00e2m h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd hay kh\u00f4ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 c\u00e2u &quot;&lt;em&gt;Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng.&quot;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/projectionism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/projectionism\/\" >Projectionism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Promise&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi H\u1ee9a, S\u1ef1 Tuy\u00ean H\u1ee9a Tr\u01b0\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Promittere &lt;\/em&gt;(to send before). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m (th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n) hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn &quot;&lt;em&gt;l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho (ch\u1ecdn cho) d\u00e2n Do-th\u00e1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam, n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &quot;&lt;em&gt;Covenent&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Giao \u01af\u1edbc). T\u1eeb mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t &quot;&lt;em&gt;l\u1eddi n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc&quot;&lt;\/em&gt; v\u1edbi &quot;&lt;em&gt;h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; \u0111i song song \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ra.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/promise\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/promise\/\" >Promise<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Promised Land&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5t H\u1ee9a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t Ca-na-an (Palestine) ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1edbi \u00c1p-ra-ham, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qua M\u00f4i-se ch\u1ecdn d\u00e2n Do-th\u00e1i v\u00e0 l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc Do-th\u00e1i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/promised-land\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/promised-land\/\" >Promised Land<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Promises of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi H\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Promissiones Dei&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;,&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1n h\u1ee9a v\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;d\u00e0bar&lt;\/em&gt; (n\u00f3i - &lt;em&gt;speak&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 800 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;say&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 100 l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/promises-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/promises-of-god\/\" >Promises of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Proof Text&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n V\u0103n G\u1ed1c, V\u0103n M\u1ea1ch G\u1ed1c, Xu\u1ea5t X\u1ee9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, b\u1edfi c\u1ed1 \u00fd hay v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh hay h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00eam. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 \u00fd ch\u00fa th\u00edch hay l\u1ea5y ri\u00eang ra \u00fd ngo\u00e0i g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo \u00fd ri\u00eang. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 &lt;em&gt;proof text&lt;\/em&gt; (v\u0103n g\u1ed1c) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf l\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ed7i khi vi\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa th\u00edch (&lt;em&gt;foot note&lt;\/em&gt;) m\u1ed7i khi l\u1ea5y \u00fd hay l\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 hay h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u01b0u tra h\u1ecdc th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean \u00fd. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa th\u00edch th\u00ec ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i lu\u1eadt \u0103n c\u1eafp v\u0103n, \u00fd, hay \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proof-text\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proof-text\/\" >Proof Text<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Proofs for the Existence of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng C\u0103n L\u00ed v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7n Di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Theistic Proofs&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proofs-for-the-existence-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proofs-for-the-existence-of-god\/\" >Proofs for the Existence of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Propaganda of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tuy\u00ean Truy\u1ec1n\/\/ Lan c\u1ee7a T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. (S\u00e1ng 3; Rom. 5:12-21).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/propaganda-of-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/propaganda-of-sin\/\" >Propaganda of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Propassion of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nguy\u00ean C\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng x\u00fac c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i \u0111au th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c hay t\u00e2m l\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, v\u00e0 t\u1ecf ra qua con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus trong khi c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 ai v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ch\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ai th\u1eadt y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y qua Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/propassion-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/propassion-of-christ\/\" >Propassion of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Property&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1edf H\u1eefu, T\u1ef1 H\u1eefu, T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i s\u1edf h\u1eefu, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ec9nh (&lt;em&gt;Godhead&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i Ng\u00f4i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/property\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/property\/\" >Property<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Prophecy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi Ti\u00ean Tri&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Propheteia&lt;\/em&gt;, ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Prophetia&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;pro&quot; (tr\u01b0\u1edbc), &lt;em&gt;ph\u00e8mi&lt;\/em&gt; (to speak), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 &quot;n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc&quot; hay &quot;n\u00f3i ra&quot;. T\u1eeb l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong th\u1eddi C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong Kinh C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri (prophets) thay m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i ra hay n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n cho d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft. C\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n trong KT th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n chia: \u0110\u1ea1i Ti\u00ean Tri (&lt;em&gt;Major Prophets&lt;\/em&gt;) (4 S\u00e1ch: \u00ca-sai, Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi, \u00ca-x\u00ea-chi-\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0110a-ni-\u00ean) v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Ti\u00ean Tri (&lt;em&gt;Minor Prophets&lt;\/em&gt;) (12 S\u00e1ch: H\u00f4-s\u00ea, Gi\u00f4-\u00ean, A-m\u1ed1t, \u00c1p-\u0111ia, Gi\u00f4-na, Mi-ch\u00ea, Na-hum, Ha-ba-c\u00fac, S\u00f4-ph\u00f4-ni, A-gh\u00ea, Xa-cha-ri, v\u00e0 Ma-la-chi). V\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra 3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ti\u00ean tri: (1) N\u00f3i ti\u00ean tri v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. (2) N\u00f3i ti\u00ean tri v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (\u00ca-sai 9:6...). (3) N\u00f3i ti\u00ean tri v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y sau c\u00f9ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t hay tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi \u0111em kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ai tin Ch\u00faa, Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111em vui m\u1eebng cho h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prophecy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prophecy\/\" >Prophecy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Prophet&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng\/ Nh\u00e0 Ti\u00ean Tri&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u00f3 hai \u00fd ch\u00ednh: (1) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi n\u00f3i ra cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 (2) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1eaby ra m\u00e0 \u0110CT cho bi\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o (&lt;em&gt;preacher)&lt;\/em&gt; c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong khi c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf (Gi\u0103ng 15:15). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri c\u00f3 khi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vua c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia (Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf Sa-mu-\u00ean, Ti\u00ean Tri \u00ca-sai, \u00ca-li, Vua \u0110a-vid, Vua \u00d4-s\u00ea).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prophet\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prophet\/\" >Prophet<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Prophetic Conference&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Ti\u00ean Tri&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Niagara, New York v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ra ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Thi\u00ean Qu\u1ea3n (&lt;em&gt;Dispensa-tionalism&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec1n Thi\u00ean Ni\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;Premil-lenialism&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prophetic-conference\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prophetic-conference\/\" >Prophetic Conference<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Propitiation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Th\u1ecfa L\u00f2ng, S\u1ef1 \u01afa ch\u1ecdn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Propitius&lt;\/em&gt; (favorable - \u01b0a th\u00edch), l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;atonement&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadm c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft thay c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ th\u1ebf cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Rom. 3:25; H\u00eab-r\u01a1 2:17, I Gi\u0103ng 2:2, 4:10). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;Atonement.&lt;\/strong&gt; T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch LXX (B\u1ea3n 70) C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc qua T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p. &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;Atonement&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/propitiation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/propitiation\/\" >Propitiation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Proportion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng di\u1ec5n \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang hay sai t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proportion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proportion\/\" >Proportion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Proportionalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft T\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ngay trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang sai ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Xa h\u01a1n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proportionalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proportionalism\/\" >Proportionalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Propositional View of Revelation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Minh Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ebd th\u1eadt th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n cho bi\u1ebft;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/propositional-view-of-revelation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/propositional-view-of-revelation\/\" >Propositional View of Revelation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Propositionalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft L\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang hay sai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/propositionalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/propositionalism\/\" >Propositionalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Proselyte&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u1edf L\u1ea1i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Quay V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Pros\u00e8lytes&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;Proselytus&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;One who has come to a place&quot; &quot;a convert&quot; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u1edbi. Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o Do-th\u00e1i (Judaism =&gt; Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed th\u1edd k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao, tr\u00ean h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n, t\u00f4n th\u1edd ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i! - Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Messiah - The Savior - \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn - v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn nay mai).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proselyte\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proselyte\/\" >Proselyte<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Proselytism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;gi\u00e1o l\u00ed t\u00ecm \u0111em h\u1ecd (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u1ea1c) v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Do-th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proselytism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proselytism\/\" >Proselytism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Protestanism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh\/ Tin L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh, tu ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh\/ Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00edn l\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o: (1) Ch\u1ec9 vinh danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa; (2) Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n; (3) Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa; (4) H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua \u0110C Jesus Christ; (5) Ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf c\u1ee7a con Ch\u00faa, t\u00edn h\u1eefu t\u00e1i sinh; (6) S\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh t\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/protestanism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/protestanism\/\" >Protestanism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Protestant&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Protestari&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to bear witness&quot; &quot;to testify&quot;, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi Martin Luther v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u n\u00f3i chung, t\u1eeb N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Protestant&lt;\/em&gt; c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi cho nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh. Th\u1eadt ra, n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec &lt;em&gt;Protestant&lt;\/em&gt;: C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o; &lt;em&gt;Reform&lt;\/em&gt;: C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o; &lt;em&gt;Evangelical&lt;\/em&gt;: Tin L\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o. T\u1eeb g\u1ecdi chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Christianity&lt;\/em&gt;: C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. Sau 1990, th\u00ec t\u1eeb Christianity c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi chung cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. C\u00f2n t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt; c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb g\u1ecdi chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (c\u1ea3 Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o). Tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt; ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, v\u1ec1 sau th\u00ec g\u1ecdi chung cho c\u1ea3 2 (v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; m\u1edbi c\u00f3 Tin L\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0110CT).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/protestant\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/protestant\/\" >Protestant<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Protestant Ethic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed Tin L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc Anh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c, Max Weber (1864-1920). M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 &quot;s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o&quot;, &quot;t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n&quot;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/protestant-ethic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/protestant-ethic\/\" >Protestant Ethic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Prothesis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec1n So\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &quot;&lt;em&gt;Preparation&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. Trong &quot;Nghi L\u1ec5 Byzantine&quot; c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng Byzantine (t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;-14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; AD) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nghi th\u1ee9c s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ef1 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh; d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u00e0n Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ch\u00e9n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prothesis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prothesis\/\" >Prothesis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Proto-Luke&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u1edfi M\u1eabu H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, t\u1eeb khi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proto-luke\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proto-luke\/\" >Proto-Luke<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Proto-Luke&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n M\u1eabu c\u1ee7a Lu-ca&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e1ch Lu-ca, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ba s\u00e1ch tin l\u00e0nh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n v\u1edbi nhau.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proto-luke-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proto-luke-2\/\" >Proto-Luke<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Protoevangelium&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u1edfi M\u1eabu Ph\u00fac \u00c2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u00fac-\u00e2m (tin m\u1eebng) truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u \u1edf S\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 3:15. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chu\u1ea9n mang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ecf b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Quy\u1ec1n - L\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/protoevangelium\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/protoevangelium\/\" >Protoevangelium<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Protology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u1edfi M\u1eabu H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, t\u1eeb khi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/protology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/protology\/\" >Protology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Prototype&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n M\u1eabu \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Protos&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;first&quot; and &lt;em&gt;typos&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;a figure&quot; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cm\u1eabu m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.\u201d \u00dd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 mang nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prototype\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/prototype\/\" >Prototype<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Proverb&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n, Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00f4n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Proverbium&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;maxim&quot; &quot;adase,&quot; c\u00e2u n\u00f3i kh\u00f4n ngoan, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, nh\u1ea5t tri b\u1edfi tha nh\u00e2n. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00e1c S\u00e1ch Proverb, l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft l\u00ean nh\u1eefng &quot;L\u1eddi Kh\u00f4n Ngoan,&quot; ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u x\u00e2u xa nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. V\u00e0 S\u00e1ch Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4n ngoan.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proverb\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/proverb\/\" >Proverb<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Providence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quan Ph\u00f2ng, Ti\u00ean Li\u1ec7u, S\u1eafm S\u1eb5n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Prononia&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;from thought&quot;; ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Providentio&lt;\/em&gt; do t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Providere&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to provide beforehand.&quot; T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc, lo tr\u01b0\u1edbc, quan ph\u00f2ng hay ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, Kinh C\u01af, nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb d\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch \u201cprovidence\u201d (s\u1eafm s\u1eb3n, cung c\u1ea5p, lo s\u1eb5n), l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;\u05d4\u05d9\u05b4\u05e8\u05b0\u05d0\u05b6\u0591 &lt;em&gt;J\u1ec9reh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va Di-r\u00ea&lt;\/em&gt;, S\u00e1ng 22:14, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch, ch\u1ec9 \u00e2m ra m\u00e0 th\u00f4i), m\u00e0 J\u1ec9reh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201cth\u1ea5y.\u201d Trong C\u01af b\u1ea3n Anh Ng\u1eef c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 1300 l\u1ea7n ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cprovide\u201d c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea5y\u201d. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc k\u1ef7, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, \u0110CT th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5, t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ng\u00e0i. Khi Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 lo li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong \u00fd th\u00e1nh Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/providence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/providence\/\" >Providence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Provolution&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ecbnh H\u01b0\u1edbng M\u1ee5c \u0110\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, Jungen Moltmann (b.1926) d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00dd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi th\u1ebf m\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/provolution\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/provolution\/\" >Provolution<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Psalm&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u01a1, Thi Th\u01a1, Thi Ph\u00fa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Psalmos&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;b\u00e0i h\u00e1t theo \u0111\u1eddn.&quot; M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh thi, th\u01a1 th\u00e1nh, hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 S\u00e1ch Thi Thi\u00ean (Psalm), l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh Th\u01a1, bao g\u1ed3m 150 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, ca ng\u1ee3i trong th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 It-ra-\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong 5 ph\u1ea7n (Thi Thi\u00ean 1-41; 42-72; 73-89; 90-106; 107-150).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psalm\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psalm\/\" >Psalm<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Psalmody&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch Th\u01a1 Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;d\u00f9ng ca ng\u1ee3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa th\u1eddi C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psalmody\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psalmody\/\" >Psalmody<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Psalter&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e0 Ph\u1ed5 Th\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 th\u01a1, vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea1c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u1ea1c s\u0129.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psalter\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psalter\/\" >Psalter<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pseudepigrapha&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u1ee5y T\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Pseu-depigraphos&lt;\/em&gt; (with false title). T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngo\u00e0i Ng\u0169 Kinh c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 &lt;em&gt;Assumption of Moses&lt;\/em&gt;; and &lt;em&gt;the &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Psalms&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;of Solomon&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau th\u1eddi l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y Ba-by-l\u00f4n, khi N\u00ea-h\u00ea-mi l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pseudepigrapha\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pseudepigrapha\/\" >Pseudepigrapha<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Psilanthropism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ec9 C\u00f3 Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Psilanthr\u00f2pes&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;merely human,&quot; n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Ba Ng\u00f4i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psilanthropism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psilanthropism\/\" >Psilanthropism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Psycho-therapy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Tr\u1ecb B\u1ec7nh T\u00e2m L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psycho-therapy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psycho-therapy\/\" >Psycho-therapy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Psychoanalysis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch T\u00e2m L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00ed h\u1ecdc Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t thuy\u1ebft l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m l\u00ed. Chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e2m linh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psychoanalysis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psychoanalysis\/\" >Psychoanalysis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Psychological Analogy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m L\u00ed Gi\u1ea3i T\u00edch H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb t\u00e2m l\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m linh (&lt;em&gt;Psyche and Soul&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 cung \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o Ba Ng\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Augustine (354-430) v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;being&lt;\/em&gt;), ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c (&lt;em&gt;knowledge&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng (&lt;em&gt;love&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i: \u0110\u1ee9c Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Con v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psychological-analogy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psychological-analogy\/\" >Psychological Analogy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Psychology of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch t\u00e2m l\u00ed thu\u1ed9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psychology-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psychology-of\/\" >Psychology of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Psychology of Religion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00ed v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, sinh ho\u1ea1t, c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 William James (1842-1940) v\u00e0 Pierre Janet (1854-1947).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psychology-of-religion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psychology-of-religion\/\" >Psychology of Religion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Psychosomatic Unity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ee3p Nh\u1ea5t T\u00e2m Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Psych\u00e8&lt;\/em&gt; (soul) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Soma&lt;\/em&gt; (body). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ea3 3: th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psychosomatic-unity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/psychosomatic-unity\/\" >Psychosomatic Unity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Puebla Conference, 1979&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m Puebla&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i L\u1ea7n III quy t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m La-tin Ch\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 Puebla, Mexico (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 CELAM III). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t cho &quot;t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng&quot; nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o &lt;em&gt;S\u1ee9 M\u1ec7nh H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o &lt;\/em&gt;chung. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eed m\u1edbi cho truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/puebla-conference-1979\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/puebla-conference-1979\/\" >Puebla Conference, 1979<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pulpit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f2a Gi\u1ea3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Pulpitum&lt;\/em&gt; (platform) t\u00f2a gi\u1ea3ng, b\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng. T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c s\u01b0, th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa cho con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa khi \u1edf trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pulpit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pulpit\/\" >Pulpit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Punishment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea1t, \u0110o\u00e1n Ph\u1ea1t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Pocna&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (Tin L\u00e0nh), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha th\u1ee9 qua s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa (tin theo Ch\u00faa - t\u00e1i sinh). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ng\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0: (1) S\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn n\u1eefa m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi trong h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c. (2) \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai. (3) S\u1ef1 xa c\u00e1ch v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0o \u1edf trong n\u01a1i h\u1ed3 l\u1eeda, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn; (4) B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh Gi\u0103ng 3:36, Ro-ma 6:23; 8:1 (Math. 25:46tt; Gi\u0103ng 3:36; II Tes. 1:9; Giu-\u0111e 1:7).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/punishment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/punishment\/\" >Punishment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Purgatory&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00f2 Luy\u1ec7n T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Purgatio&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;cleansing&quot; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 tin r\u1eb1ng &lt;em&gt;Purgatory&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi (to\u00e0n th\u1ec3) t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch, thanh t\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a (santification). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng linh h\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng ai tin nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, ngay sau khi ch\u1ebft th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o &quot;&lt;em&gt;Paradise&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; nh\u01b0 t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m tr\u00ean th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1.\u00a0 \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u1ea3 linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a n\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi m\u00e0 v\u00e0o N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111ang h\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c \u0110CT quanh ng\u00f4i Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/purgatory\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/purgatory\/\" >Purgatory<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Purification&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Thanh T\u1ea9y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Puri-ficatio&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, theo lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a M\u00f4i-se, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ea9y qua nhi\u1ec1u nghi l\u1ec5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf v\u00e0o n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng cho d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf cho Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00faa d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 thanh t\u1ea9y nh\u01b0: \u0110\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5; Bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang ra, Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa (L\u00ea-vi K\u00fd). D\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eefa (D\u00e2n S\u1ed1 K\u00fd, Thi 51) (Xu\u1ea5t 20-32; Lev. 11:44tt, 19; D\u00e2n 8: 7; 19: 9, 17). Trong s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri \u00ca-sai, v\u00e0 Ma-la-chi, \u0110CT d\u00f9ng l\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cthanh t\u1ea9y\u201d con d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i.\u00a0 N\u00f3i chung, L\u1ec5 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p tem th\u00e0nh nghi l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho vi\u1ec7c thanh t\u1ea9y, \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c\u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 L\u1ec5 Thanh T\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n; ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\/l\u1ec5 r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n. (Luc. 2; Math. 3; Gi\u0103ng 13). Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef nghi l\u1ec5 thanh t\u1ea9y n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3 cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0y nay, trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, L\u1ec5 Thanh T\u1ea9y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qua vi\u1ec7c L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ki\u00eang \u0103n. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i GH c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh L\u1ec5 R\u1eefa Ch\u00e2n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/purification\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/purification\/\" >Purification<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Thanh T\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a Trinh N\u1eef Mary&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4 Mary, sau khi sinh con, ph\u1ea3i s\u1eefa so\u1ea1n cho m\u00ecnh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00e2ng Jesus trong \u0111\u1ec1n Ch\u00faa (Luc. 2:22; C\u00f4ng 21:24; Rom. 14tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/purification-of-the-blessed-virgin-mary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/purification-of-the-blessed-virgin-mary\/\" >Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Puritan Ethic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Thanh Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc (Math. 5-7) v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o Anh (English Puri-tanism).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/puritan-ethic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/puritan-ethic\/\" >Puritan Ethic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Puritan Piety&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh Thanh Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng theo m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/puritan-piety\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/puritan-piety\/\" >Puritan Piety<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Puritan Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Thanh Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;gi\u00e1o l\u00ed do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c Thanh Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Thanh Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; -17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf Anh v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 William Perkins (1558-1602), William Ames (1576-1602), John Ower (1616-1683), Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Calvin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/puritan-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/puritan-theology\/\" >Puritan Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Puritans&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Theo Thanh Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Purity&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u1ef1 T\u1ea9y S\u1ea1ch), xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, mu\u1ed1n &quot;c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh&quot; lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, qua s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0103n n\u0103n, s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt t\u00e2m linh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang ra g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh s\u1ea1ch (Puritan).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/puritans\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/puritans\/\" >Puritans<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Purpose&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c \u0110\u00edch, Ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh (C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;\u00e0m\u00e0r&lt;\/em&gt; (I C\u00e1c Vua 5:5, II S\u1eed 28:10), v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa (\u00caph. 3:11; Rom. 8:28tt; II Tim. 3:10), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi anh em v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n di\u1ec7u k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (II Tim. 1:9). \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ed1ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/purpose\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/purpose\/\" >Purpose<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Puseyism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Pusey&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Edward B. Pusey, Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Anh d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt (&lt;em&gt;Real Presence)&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus qua L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i khi d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5. Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u01b0u t\u1ed3n trong di s\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Anh ng\u00e0y nay\u2026.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/puseyism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/puseyism\/\" >Puseyism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Pythagoreanism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Pythagor&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Do gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tri\u1ebft Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Pythagoras&lt;\/em&gt; (c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 To\u00e1n H\u1ecdc) (c.580-500 BC). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc (d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4n ngoan) \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Croton kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 530BC. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t t\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp. Do s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u00f2ng l\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. Ai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cao. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u01b0u t\u1ed3n v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pythagoreanism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/pythagoreanism\/\" >Pythagoreanism<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-q mix\" data-filter-base=\"q\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">Q<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Q&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1eef Q, Quelle&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u1eef c\u00e1i Q, trong ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Quelle &lt;\/em&gt;&quot;Source&quot; (&lt;em&gt;l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t &quot;ngu\u1ed3n&quot; n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea5t ra chung cho S\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Ma-thi-\u01a1 v\u00e0\u00a0 Lu-ca \u0111\u1ec3 2 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng y nhau, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi S\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m M\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 3 c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chung nhau l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Synoptic Gospels, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u00e1c S\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m C\u1ed9ng Quan.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/q\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/q\/\" >Q<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Qohelet&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o, Gi\u1ea3ng S\u01b0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng s\u01b0, th\u1ea7y truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a S\u00e1ch Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o Hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/qohelet\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/qohelet\/\" >Qohelet<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Quadragesima&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u00f9a Chay S\u1ed1 40 Ng\u00e0y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &quot;40&quot;. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 40 ng\u00e0y m\u00f9a chay, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb m\u00f9a L\u1ec5 Tro, t\u1eeb Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 40&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y Th\u00e1nh. T\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u00f9a Chay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quadragesima\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quadragesima\/\" >Quadragesima<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Quadriga&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed9 4 Ch\u1eef&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin, &lt;em&gt;Quadrigae&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho b\u1ed9 4 ch\u1eef \u0111i chung v\u1edbi nhau: &lt;em&gt;Literal, moral, allegorical and anagogical&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed, \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Th\u00e1nh Kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quadriga\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quadriga\/\" >Quadriga<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Quadrilateral, Wesleyan&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ed9 4 T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Wesl&lt;\/em&gt;ey&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Wesley (1703-1791), trong khi gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Th\u00e1nh Kinh: Kinh Th\u00e1nh, Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed. B\u1ed1n t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quadrilateral-wesleyan\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quadrilateral-wesleyan\/\" >Quadrilateral, Wesleyan<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Quakers&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Quaker, hay l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i B\u1ea1n H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch lan r\u1ed9ng \u1edf Anh do \u00f4ng George Fox (1624-1691) ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edn l\u00ed &quot;N\u1ed9i T\u00e2m S\u00e1ng&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Inner Light&lt;\/em&gt;) do \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, v\u00e0 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m, b\u00ed t\u00edch, th\u1ec1 h\u1ee9a, t\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh. H\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;Friends&quot; (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea1n H\u1eefu\/Anh Em&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u1ec1 sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;Quaker&quot; (&lt;em&gt;D\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ed9ng, Ph\u1ea5n Ch\u1ea5n&lt;\/em&gt;) - Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Quaker.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quakers\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quakers\/\" >Quakers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Qualities of Life&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ph\u1ea9m T\u00ednh \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/qualities-of-life\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/qualities-of-life\/\" >Qualities of Life<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Qualities, Absolute&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea9m T\u00ednh Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y d\u00e0nh cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. N\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i qua s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i, trong Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/qualities-absolute\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/qualities-absolute\/\" >Qualities, Absolute<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Quartodecimanism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ee9 14&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed\/ Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1 c\u1eed L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang (&lt;em&gt;Nisan \u2013 Do Th\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt, sau ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 14&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quartodecimanism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quartodecimanism\/\" >Quartodecimanism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Queen of Heaven&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1eef V\u01b0\u01a1ng Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng, Trinh N\u1eef Mary \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng thi\u00ean l\u00ean tr\u1eddi. Trinh N\u1eef Mary \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9i m\u00e3o tri\u1ec1u N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng. Bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5\/31, v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y 22\/8 h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/queen-of-heaven\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/queen-of-heaven\/\" >Queen of Heaven<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Quest of the Historical Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m V\u1ea5n Ch\u00faa Jesus L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng do Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965), \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed - l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00e2m s\u00e2u kh\u00e1c. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Historical Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quest-of-the-historical-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quest-of-the-historical-jesus\/\" >Quest of the Historical Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Questnellianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Questnell&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, m\u1ed9t Linh M\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o t\u00ean Jansenist P. Questnell (1634-1719) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o l\u00ed &quot;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n B\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 T\u1eeb&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Irresistable Grace&lt;\/em&gt;), kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3, n\u1ebfu \u1edf ngo\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3. C\u1ea3 \u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai theo \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Clement XI (1713) l\u00ean \u00e1n v\u00e0 khai tr\u1eeb kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/questnellianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/questnellianism\/\" >Questnellianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Quietism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ec9nh T\u00e2m Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft, V\u00f4 Vi Thanh T\u1ecbnh Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt t\u00e2m linh, tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, do c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 Miguel de Molinos (C.1627-96), Madame Guyon (1646-1717) v\u00e0 Francois F\u00e9nelon (1651-1715). \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh, t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i chung ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quietism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quietism\/\" >Quietism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Quingnagesima&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Th\u1ee9 50&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &quot;Fiftieth&quot; (&lt;em&gt;th\u1ee9 50&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;)&lt;\/sup&gt; - T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 50&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt (ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt) tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Tro v\u00e0o Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quingnagesima\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quingnagesima\/\" >Quingnagesima<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Qumran&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u00f9ng Qumran&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u00fai h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 &quot;Cu\u1ed9n Kinh Bi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebft&quot; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u0103m 1947. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m\/ ph\u00e1i \u201cEssenes\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Tinh T\u00fay&lt;\/em&gt;) trong th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3. Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eadu b\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Th\u00e1nh Kinh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p s\u01b0u tra lui v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng BC.150-70 AD. (Xem th\u00eam&lt;em&gt; Dead Sea Scrolls&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/qumran\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/qumran\/\" >Qumran<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Quo Vadis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7y \u0110i \u0110\u00e2u V\u1eady?&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &quot;Where are you going&lt;em&gt;?&quot;&lt;\/em&gt; C\u00f3 l\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng r\u1eb1ng Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u00e2u n\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1ch, &quot;Acts of Peter&quot; (&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;, C.200). V\u00e0 Ch\u00faa tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi &quot;Ta \u0111i R\u00f4-ma \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh.&quot; Ch\u00ednh c\u00e2u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 v\u1ec1 sau \u0111i v\u1ec1 R\u00f4-ma \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu tu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 xin \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quo-vadis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/quo-vadis\/\" >Quo Vadis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-r mix\" data-filter-base=\"r\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">R<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Rabbi&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7y, S\u01b0, \u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;Rabbi &lt;\/em&gt;&quot;My Master;&quot; ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Kyrios&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7, Ch\u00faa t\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;) ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y lu\u1eadt Do-th\u00e1i. Trong th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Rabbi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y v\u1eeba d\u1ea1y lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Rabbi (Math. 26:49; M\u00e1c 9:5, 14:45; Gi\u0103ng 3:1tt), v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u00e0nh g\u1ecdi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pha-ri-se.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rabbi\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rabbi\/\" >Rabbi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Rabbinic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng ai gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y lu\u1eadt.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rabbinic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rabbinic\/\" >Rabbinic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Race&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7ng T\u1ed9c, D\u00f2ng Gi\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; do Francois Bernier \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c, c\u00e1 t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1 t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o, d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o! V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 Adam v\u00e0 Eva m\u00e0 ra.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/race\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/race\/\" >Race<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Racism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t D\u00f2ng T\u1ed9c&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;K\u1ef3 Th\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00ed C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o &quot;racism&quot; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khinh khi, ph\u00e2n chia h\u01a1n k\u00e9m, k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/racism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/racism\/\" >Racism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Radical Reformation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch C\u0103n G\u1ed1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb bao h\u00e0m s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 t\u1eadn c\u0103n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh thu\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia hay b\u1ed5n x\u1ee9. C\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch &quot;T\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1i&quot; hay &quot;Th\u1ee9 Ba&quot; trong kh\u1ecfang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16-17. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i Anabaptist do Karl Holl, Zwichan Prophets, v\u00e0 Thomas Munzer. V\u1ec1 sau h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Menonites v\u00e0 Amish. C\u00f2n ph\u00eda &quot;T\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1i&quot; (&lt;em&gt;left wing&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u00f3 Zwingli v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo. &lt;em&gt;Radical Reformation&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;Free Church Tradition&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ngo\u00e0i Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/radical-reformation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/radical-reformation\/\" >Radical Reformation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Radical Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u1ec1n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111i song v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 t\u1eadn c\u0103n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. (Xem th\u00eam &lt;em&gt;Death of God Theology&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/radical-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/radical-theology\/\" >Radical Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Rahner, Karl (1904-  )&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Karl Rahner&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt sau Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vatican II (1962-1964). Karl Rahner sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf Freiburg, \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng tu Jesuit n\u0103m 1922, th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong linh m\u1ee5c n\u0103m 1932. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Freiburg, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Martin Heidegger \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n c\u1ee7a Rahner v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Thomas (&lt;em&gt;Spirit in the World&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec \u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Thomas Aquinas. C\u00f9ng n\u0103m, \u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Innsbrush, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lu\u1eadn \u00e1n t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn: &lt;em&gt;Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh T\u1eeb C\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;. Sau th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 II, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1964, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1ec1 Munish, r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u n\u0103m 1971. S\u00e1ch t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 mang nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Thomas v\u00e0 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Kant, Hegel v\u00e0 Heiddegger... C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ - l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n - m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh, tuy c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 song \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Tr\u1eddi. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n, &lt;em&gt;Foundation of Christian Faith; Heaven of the Word &lt;\/em&gt;(with K. H. Weger)&lt;em&gt;; Our Chritian Faith: Answer for the Future; Spirit in the Word&lt;\/em&gt;; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Theological Investigations&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed3m 20 t\u1eadp.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rahner-karl-1904\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rahner-karl-1904\/\" >Rahner, Karl (1904-  )<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ramus, Peter (1515-1572)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ramus, Peter&lt;\/strong&gt; (1515-1572)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tri\u1ebft-gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh trong Th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea1y tri\u1ebft \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p (&lt;em&gt;College de France&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1551AD cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua \u0111\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh sau khi \u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh n\u0103m 1561AD (con-verted to Protestanism).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nSau khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n l\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, gi\u00fap C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Christianity&lt;\/em&gt;) ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Aristotelianism v\u00e0 Scholas-ticism. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft trong lu\u1eadn \u00e1n Master, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Aristotle, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i b\u1edfi Aristotle \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn l\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n &quot;&lt;em&gt;Logic is the art of discoursing well&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1eadp nh\u1eadn Ramus h\u01a1n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Aristotle v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ramus nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. R\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3, chia ra cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i. V\u0103n ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0103n n\u00f3i, khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng vui s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfe. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Ramus \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u1eadn l\u00ed (ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt) trong \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. V\u1ec1 sau, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16-17 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Thanh Gi\u00e1o Anh (&lt;em&gt;W. Armer; W. Perkins&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 \u1edf Bang New England t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Harward. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 xem \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch tu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf Ph\u00e1p.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ramus-peter-1515-1572\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ramus-peter-1515-1572\/\" >Ramus, Peter (1515-1572)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ransom Theory of the Atonement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Tr\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1 \u0110\u1ec1n T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 huy\u1ebft ra mua l\u1ea1i S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i t\u1eeb n\u01a1i tay Sa-tan \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i gian \u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Origen (C.185-254), trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt;. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y! \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y sai ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n! Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf Ma-thi-\u01a1 20:28, v\u00e0 M\u00e1c 10:45.&lt;br \/&gt;\nL\u1ebd th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0m gi\u00e1 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Ransom). Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ ch\u1ebft thay t\u1ed9i cho ch\u00fang ta, Ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 quan t\u00f2a, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 t\u1eed t\u1ed9i thay cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sa-tan c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, v\u1eabn \u1edf trong h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0110CT l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng x\u00e9t x\u1eed Sa-tan, \u00e2m binh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai theo ch\u00fang. V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110CT, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed \u00e1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o. \u00a0Sa-tan c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o. Sa-tan l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e9t x\u1eed, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n g\u00ec trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 trong t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Sa-tan. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Redeemer&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ransom-theory-of-the-atonement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ransom-theory-of-the-atonement\/\" >Ransom Theory of the Atonement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ranter&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ranter&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 \u1edf Anh, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ranter l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m Quakers, r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, c\u00e1c B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ranter\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ranter\/\" >Ranter<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Rapture&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ea5t L\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Raptus&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;carried off&quot; (mang kh\u1ecfi, c\u1ea5t \u0111i). L\u00e0 t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9ng khi Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 II, c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng k\u00e8n l\u1edbn th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 &quot;Rapture&quot; (&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea5t L\u00ean)&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa (I Tes. 4) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh, b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd (Math. 24). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft Ti\u1ec1n Thi\u00ean Ni\u00ean, b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 &quot;s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5t l\u00ean&quot; (c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i), tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn cai tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh an l\u1ea1c. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Milleniallism\/ Premillenial-lism&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rapture\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rapture\/\" >Rapture<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Rationalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Duy Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed, Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed Duy Lu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng suy lu\u1eadn, l\u00ed lu\u1eadn cho h\u1ee3p l\u00ed m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. T\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; l\u00fac n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc b\u1eebng t\u1ec9nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 B\u1eebng S\u00e1ng (&lt;em&gt;Enligh-tenment Period&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u00e0i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn l\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadn l\u00ed. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 qua t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u00ec l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 qua t\u00e2m l\u00ed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ea3 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;; v\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00e1 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c m\u00ea t\u00edn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft duy lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n minh cao trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, trong ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt trong ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, m\u00ea t\u00edn ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 l\u00ed tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rationalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rationalism\/\" >Rationalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Rationalist&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed Gia&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rationalist\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rationalist\/\" >Rationalist<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Rationality&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4n ngoan, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam. &lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Descard, Spinoza, Leibniz, Kant, Lock, Hume..&lt;\/em&gt;.).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rationality\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rationality\/\" >Rationality<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ratisbon, Conference of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m \u1edf Regensbur&lt;\/em&gt;g&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp b\u1edfi Vua Charles V \u1edf Ratisbon (&lt;em&gt;Regensbur&lt;\/em&gt;g), thu\u1ed9c N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 T\u00edn L\u00ed L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf l\u1edbn! Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea3i chia r\u1ebd lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ratisbon-conference-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ratisbon-conference-of\/\" >Ratisbon, Conference of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Re-visioning&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e1i Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1eef gi\u1edbi, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e2m l\u00ed c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/re-visioning\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/re-visioning\/\" >Re-visioning<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reader&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a th\u1ee5 phong ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 l\u1ec5 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh, hay gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i th\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reader\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reader\/\" >Reader<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reader-Response Criticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed1i \u0110\u00e1p - B\u00ecnh Gi\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p B\u00ecnh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0110\u1ed1i \u0110\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960&#039;s v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ri\u00eang trong c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n v\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reader-response-criticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reader-response-criticism\/\" >Reader-Response Criticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Real Presence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7n Di\u1ec7n Th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(I Cor. 11:23tt; Math. 26; M\u00e1c 15; Lu-ca 22).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/real-presence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/real-presence\/\" >Real Presence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Realism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh nh\u1eb1m h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p\/ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi Th\u00e1nh Kinh, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft Th\u00e1nh Kinh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/realism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/realism\/\" >Realism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Realism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Duy Th\u1ef1c, Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &quot;&lt;em&gt;res&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (thing). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng (&lt;em&gt;idealism&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (&lt;em&gt;phenominalism&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Hy-l\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Plato. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc, th\u00ec &quot;l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng&quot; l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi \u201c\u00dd th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e2m\u201d&lt;em&gt; (Nominalism&lt;\/em&gt;). Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, qua Plato, &quot;&lt;em&gt;c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 g\u1eafn trong t\u00e2m&quot;.&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1eadn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5. Th\u00e1nh Anselm, cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1edd c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Trong s\u00e1ch &lt;em&gt;Proslogion&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft &quot;&lt;em&gt;c\u00e1i g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. C\u00f2n Augustine \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat g\u1ecdn t\u1eeb Plato r\u1eb1ng, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y nay, trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Plato, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;Natural Theology&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi T\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Thomas li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/realism-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/realism-2\/\" >Realism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reality&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3, Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ef1c T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1eadt trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u00ea n\u00e0o.\u00a0 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n sinh hi\u00ean th\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 k\u1ef9 trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f4m nay trong s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reality\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reality\/\" >Reality<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reason&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed, Bi\u1ec7n Minh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Ratio &lt;\/em&gt;t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00f9ng l\u00ed tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ed lu\u1eadn, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0103n minh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi ng\u1edd, bi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1ch, minh gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ebd th\u1eadt. Trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16-19, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng (&lt;em&gt;Age of Renaisance&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed (Age of Reason c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Age of Enlightenment&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tri\u1ebft gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 Ren\u00e9 Descard (1596-1650, Ph\u00e1p), \u00a0t\u1eeb \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. Tri\u1ebft gia n\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfng trong Si\u00eau H\u00ecnh H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed H\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Immanuel Kant (1724-1804, \u0110\u1ee9c) v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Critique of Pure Reason&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1781), &lt;em&gt;Critique of Practical Reason&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1788) v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Critique of Judgment&lt;\/em&gt;) (1790).\u00a0 C\u0169ng nh\u1edd lu\u1eadn l\u00ed m\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110CT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u01a1n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qua l\u00ed lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng qua \u0111\u1ee9c tin b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbt nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Leap of Faith&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u00a0Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 qua l\u00ed tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Tri\u1ebft Gia Pascal c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Tr\u00e1i tim c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00ed l\u1ebd m\u00e0 l\u00ed tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng sao gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1edd lu\u1eadn l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Cao C\u1ea3, nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c tin con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110CT, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0110CT. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1edd lu\u1eadn l\u00ed m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00f4 l\u00ed, m\u1edd \u00e1m, u m\u00ea, \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reason\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reason\/\" >Reason<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reasoning&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u0103ng L\u1ef1c Bi\u1ec7n Minh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reasoning\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reasoning\/\" >Reasoning<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Rebaptism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e1i B\u00e1p-tem, B\u00e1p-tem L\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o l\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o qua t\u1eeb Anabaptist, trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. T\u00edn l\u00ed &lt;em&gt;Rebaptism&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng ai ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi \u1edf tu\u1ed5i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem l\u1ea7n II. V\u00ec l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 I l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u1ed9i m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem. (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Baptism&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rebaptism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rebaptism\/\" >Rebaptism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Rebirth&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sinh L\u1ea1i, T\u00e1i Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Born Again&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;New Birth&lt;\/em&gt;, nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p ra &quot;&lt;em&gt;sinh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (&lt;em&gt;born from above&lt;\/em&gt;) (Gi\u0103ng 3:3tt). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng cao c\u1ea3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u1ee7y giao v\u00e0o gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. (Xem th\u00eam &lt;em&gt;born again &lt;\/em&gt;hay&lt;em&gt; new birth)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rebirth\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rebirth\/\" >Rebirth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Recapitulation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Quy Hi\u1ec7p, Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed \u0110\u1ed3ng Quy, &lt;strong&gt;Recapitulation Theory&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Recapitulatio&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Anakephalaiosis&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;a summing up&quot; (m\u1ed9t quy t\u1ee5), r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 1:10. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, quy h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa. Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Quy Hi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Eramus (c.130-200) trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt;, v\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng quy v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00ed. C\u00f3 hai chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch: (1) Nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ v\u1edbi Adam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 quy hi\u1ec7p \u00fd Ch\u00faa; (2) Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng, khi \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft \u1edf Gi\u0103ng 5:39: &quot;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Ta&lt;\/em&gt;...&quot; Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 Adam th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb con c\u00e1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (con Tr\u1eddi) nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y (tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/recapitulation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/recapitulation\/\" >Recapitulation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Received Text&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kinh V\u0103n Th\u1ea9m Nh\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Textus Receptus&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cReceived Text\u201d l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p do Eramus (1516), s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c Hy-l\u1ea1p. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy t\u00edn, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c Kinh Th\u00e1nh Hy-l\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kinh Ch\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc Hy-l\u1ea1p&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/received-text\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/received-text\/\" >Received Text<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Receptionism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Hi\u1ec3n Nh\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh do Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o l\u00ed tr\u00ean. S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa sau khi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh; do \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u1edf v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/receptionism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/receptionism\/\" >Receptionism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Recidism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e1i Ph\u1ea1m Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Recidivu&lt;\/em&gt;s, &quot;Relapsing&quot; (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u01b0\u1edbc cho t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u1ea5n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00edn h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng sao d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t (b\u1ecf) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e1ch, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e1ch! C\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1edb b\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb quen l\u00e0m&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (ITes.); &quot;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 tr\u0103m b\u1ec1 tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn cho anh em&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Gia-c\u01a1 1:2tt), nh\u01b0 S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con c\u00e1i Ch\u00faa th\u01b0\u1eddng hay t\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m (II Phi-e-r\u01a1 2tt). S\u1ef1 t\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u01a1n ph\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa s\u1eb5n ban.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/recidism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/recidism\/\" >Recidism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reconciliation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00e0m H\u00f2a L\u1ea1i, \u0110em Hi\u1ec7p L\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Katalag\u00e8&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;Reconciliato&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;a bringing together again&quot; (&lt;em&gt;\u0111em l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &quot;l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i&quot; hai t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch, hay l\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u00f2a hai k\u1ebb th\u00f9 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. T\u1eeb lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 xa l\u1ea1 gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch nhau, v\u00ec Sa-tan \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o chia c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u qua \u00ca-va. Nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m h\u00f2a l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i qua d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh &quot;l\u00e0m h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn&quot; \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn &quot;S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i&quot; cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;br \/&gt;\nQua s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c S\u00e1ch R\u00f4-ma, \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4,\u00a0 Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu - l\u00e0 con Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng l\u00e0m h\u00f2a (Rom. 5:1-11; \u00ca-phe 1:10, 2:18, 3:12; Col 1:20,22). Do \u0111\u00f3, sau khi tin Ch\u00faa, ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i &quot;&lt;em&gt;l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Math. 5:9), nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reconciliation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reconciliation\/\" >Reconciliation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reconciliation, Liturgy of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 L\u00e0m H\u00f2a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u1eed l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y. G\u1ed3m 4 ph\u1ea7n: S\u00e1m H\u1ed1i, X\u01b0ng T\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;v\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eadt h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn \u0103n n\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;), Th\u1ecfa L\u00f2ng v\u00e0 Tr\u1ecdn V\u1eb9n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reconciliation-liturgy-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reconciliation-liturgy-of\/\" >Reconciliation, Liturgy of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reconstruction(ism), Christian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft T\u00e1i Ki\u1ebfn T\u1ea1o Krit-t\u00f4 Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eadp n\u00ean 1960&#039;s \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong Kinh Lu\u1eadt C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y Rousa John Rushdoony. Sau th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, phong tr\u00e0o tr\u00ean c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn l\u1eafm trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u1ebfn nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reconstructionism-christian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reconstructionism-christian\/\" >Reconstruction(ism), Christian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Rector&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00e3nh \u0110\u1ea1o, D\u1eabn \u0110\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &quot;ruler&quot;, &quot;leader&quot;. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n hay m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan. Hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng ai l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rector\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rector\/\" >Rector<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Redaction&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u01b0u Duy\u1ec7t Nguy\u00ean T\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Redactus&lt;\/em&gt;, do t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Religere&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to bring back&quot; s\u1ef1 duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n, c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n so v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redaction\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redaction\/\" >Redaction<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Redaction Criticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u00ean T\u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c &lt;em&gt;Redaktions-geschichte&lt;\/em&gt;. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0u duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00fd thu\u1eadt gia (tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n, k\u00fd thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n hay kh\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n (Xem th\u00eam &lt;em&gt;Bible Criticism, Form Criticism&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redaction-criticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redaction-criticism\/\" >Redaction Criticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Redactor&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anh, &lt;em&gt;Duy\u1ec7t Gi\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p &lt;em&gt;redateur&lt;\/em&gt; (so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m hay \u1ea5n duy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redactor\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redactor\/\" >Redactor<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Redeemed&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Chu\u1ed9c L\u00e0m Con Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redeemed\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redeemed\/\" >Redeemed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Redeemer&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Mua Chu\u1ed9c, \/\/ Chu\u1ed9c L\u1ea1i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mua L\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Redimere&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;buy back.&quot; T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: apolutrosis \u00a0(&lt;em&gt;apolutro-sis&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mua l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb \u201cmua chu\u1ed9c\/ mua chu\u1ed9c\u201d kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tha th\u1ee9 (&lt;em&gt;forgiveness&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0103n n\u0103n (&lt;em&gt;repen-tence&lt;\/em&gt;), nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0103n n\u0103n, tha t\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i (&lt;em&gt;salvation&lt;\/em&gt;) hay l\u00e0 \u201cthay th\u1ebf\u201d (&lt;em&gt;atonement&lt;\/em&gt;) # \u201cth\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\u201d Trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, mang \u00fd t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean (\u00ca-sai 41:14, 44:24; Gi\u00ea 50:34). Trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Do Th\u00e1i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao, b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 mua chu\u1ed9c qua d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 mua chu\u1ed9c cho nh\u1eefng ai b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Con Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (Rom. 3:24; \u00caph. 1:7, 14; Col. 1:14). Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3-4, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i cho r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110CT tr\u1ea3 cho Sa-tan \u0111\u1ec3 mua s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y sai ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ni\u1ec1m tin C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0: Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cho \u0110CT. \u0110CT l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i.\u00a0 S\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110CT, do \u0110CT v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0110CT. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh. Sa-tan kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0110CT l\u00e0 Quan T\u00f2a, Ng\u00e0i to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a CCT Gi\u00ea-su. Qua Ng\u00e0i, \u0110CT nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 tha t\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m con c\u00e1i Ng\u00e0i (Giang 1:12). Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Mua Chu\u1ed9c, \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u1ebft Thay, \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u1ecdn L\u1ef1a v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Con Sinh T\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft thay, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 mua chu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta cho Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redeemer\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redeemer\/\" >Redeemer<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Redemption&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m h\u00f2a, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i - \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redemption\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redemption\/\" >Redemption<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Redemption Covenant&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Giao \u01af\u1edbc C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o \u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a\/l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u00c1p-ra-ham (S\u00e1ng 12) r\u1eb1ng, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd: (1) L\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ra t\u1eeb \u00c1p-ra-ham; (2) C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd qua \u00c1p-ra-ham m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc; v\u00ec (3) M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u1ebd ra \u0111\u1eddi trong d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean mang s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redemption-covenant\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redemption-covenant\/\" >Redemption Covenant<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Redemption General&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redemption-general\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redemption-general\/\" >Redemption General<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Redemption History&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 &lt;strong&gt;Salvation History&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redemption-history\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redemption-history\/\" >Redemption History<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Redemption Particular&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1eb7c Th\u00f9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 &lt;strong&gt;Redemption General &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;).\u00a0 (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Atonement&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Ransom&lt;\/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Salvation&lt;\/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Recon-ciliation&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redemption-particular\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/redemption-particular\/\" >Redemption Particular<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reductionism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u1ea3n L\u01b0\u1ee3c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, nh\u1eb1m r\u00fat g\u1ecdn, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 trong l\u00ed lu\u1eadn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reductionism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reductionism\/\" >Reductionism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reform&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, T\u00e1i L\u1eadp&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Phong Tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;A Protestant Movement&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Tu S\u0129 Martin Luther (1483-1546) t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3; sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u1edbi t\u00ednh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn, h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tu s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o l\u00ed, ni\u1ec1m tin, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch&lt;em&gt; (reform)&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, Th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i Th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; - 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong th\u1eddi &lt;em&gt;Reform&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 John Calvin (1509-1564), Hul-drych Zwingli (1484-1531), Heinrich Bullinger (1504-1575).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reform\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reform\/\" >Reform<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reformation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; do M. Luther (1483-1546), H. Zwingli (1484-1531) v\u00e0 John Calvin (1509-1564), \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 trong d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reformation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reformation\/\" >Reformation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reformation Day&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y K\u1ec9 Ni\u1ec7m C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 31\/10\/1517. \u0110\u00eam giao th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y K\u1ec9 Ni\u1ec7m C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Martin Luther \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng 95 \u0111i\u1ec1u tu ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u1eeda m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u1edf Wittenburg, \u0110\u1ee9c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reformation-day\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reformation-day\/\" >Reformation Day<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reformation Protestant&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 th\u1eddi Luther v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 Calvin, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Protestant ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c GH C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reformation-protestant\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reformation-protestant\/\" >Reformation Protestant<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reformed Churches&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a John Calvin, H. Zwingli, J. Knox \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u00e0 GH Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o (&lt;em&gt;Presbyterian&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c GH C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reformed-churches\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reformed-churches\/\" >Reformed Churches<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reformed Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a J. Calvin, H. Zwingli, H. Bullinger v\u00e0 John Knox (1513-1572) v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb Martin Luther v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reformed-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reformed-theology\/\" >Reformed Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reformed Tradition&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb J. Calvin (Ph\u00e1p), H. Zwingli, v\u00e0 H. Bullinger (\u0110\u1ee9c). D\u00f9 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng chia r\u1ebd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reformed-tradition\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reformed-tradition\/\" >Reformed Tradition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Regenburg, Conference of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Regenburg&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Xem m\u1ee5c &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ratisbon Con-ference&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/regenburg-conference-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/regenburg-conference-of\/\" >Regenburg, Conference of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Regeneration&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u00e1i Sinh, Sanh M\u1edbi, Sinh L\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Palingenesia&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin &lt;em&gt;Regeneratio&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;new birth&quot;, &quot;new life&quot;. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf - l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh l\u00e0 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, khi Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Ni-c\u00f4-\u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng. V\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e1i sinh. T\u1eeb t\u00e1i sinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb &quot;sinh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao&quot;. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 sinh do quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, Phao-l\u00f4 trong S\u00e1ch R\u00f4-ma tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh: Tin Nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa (&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tha t\u1ed9i, x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh &lt;\/em&gt;- &lt;em&gt;Justification&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e1i Sinh (&lt;em&gt;Regeneration&lt;\/em&gt;), r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh H\u00f3a (&lt;em&gt;Santification&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 T\u00f4n Vinh Hi\u1ec3n (&lt;em&gt;Glorification&lt;\/em&gt;). S\u00e1ch Ga-la-ti d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, t\u00e1i sinh l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c Sa-tan, c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, t\u1ef1 do trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n sinh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1i sinh, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng (Gi\u0103ng 3:3). M\u1ed7i t\u00edn h\u1eefu th\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e1i sinh. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y. (Xem th\u00eam &lt;em&gt;Born Again, New Birth&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 k\u00e8m L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/regeneration\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/regeneration\/\" >Regeneration<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reign of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ng\u1ef1 Tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Xem m\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Kingdom of God&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reign-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reign-of-god\/\" >Reign of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reincarnation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ebf Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Re&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;again&quot;, v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;incarnare&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to incarnate&quot; &quot;come in flesh&quot;. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin, tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2p th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 &quot;linh h\u1ed3n&quot; kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n qua m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o hay m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Gi\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;became&lt;\/em&gt; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;incarnate&lt;\/em&gt;) (Gi\u0103ng 1:14). Do \u0111\u00f3, Th\u00e1nh Kinh d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u00e0m Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi - l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u2013 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110CT qua Ch\u00faa Jesus. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 lai l\u1ecbch, c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1eb3n hoi, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;incarnation&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u00e0y. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 Origen (185-254), vi\u1ebft l\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00ed &quot;linh h\u1ed3n&quot; c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t t\u1eed v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e1i sinh trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai l\u1ea7m so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m th\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e1o l\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi nay, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 &quot;&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ea7u thai&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; do \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n lo s\u1ee3 cho &quot;&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u thai chuy\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfp&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 qua tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n qua tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt t\u1eeb h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u thai ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0103n \u1edf, c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tu h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ea4-\u0111\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o, nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc d\u1ea1y gi\u1eef c\u00e1c l\u1ec5, c\u00e1ch \u0103n ngay \u1edf l\u00e0nh, c\u00e1ch tu th\u00e2n, tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 mong tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00f2n C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, tin r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u thai. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong hai n\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1edbi sau khi ch\u1ebft: thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng hay h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng th\u00ec h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec Ch\u00faa Jesus s\u1ebd g\u00e1nh thay t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, c\u00f2n kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 xa c\u00e1ch Ch\u00faa v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o! (Gi\u0103ng 1:14; 3:16, 36; Rom. 6:23, 8:1tt.).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Born Again, Regeneration)&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reincarnation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reincarnation\/\" >Reincarnation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Relational Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc T\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ec7p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho \u00fd th\u1ee9c bao h\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc. S\u00e1ch v\u1edf n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Harry Emerson Fosdick, Samuel Shoemaker, Norman Vincent Pearle v\u00e0 Eugenia Price.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/relational-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/relational-theology\/\" >Relational Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Relativism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft L\u00ed T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng &quot;ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i&quot; trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00fd th\u1ee9c &quot;ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu&quot;, do \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i! T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng th\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n trong m\u1ed7i v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Thuy\u1ebft l\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, to\u00e1n v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. Th\u1ef1c ra, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra trong c\u00e1i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. V\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u1ea5n v\u01b0\u01a1ng trong t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh s\u1ed1ng. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/relativism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/relativism\/\" >Relativism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o, T\u00edn Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Religio&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 chung c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i t\u00f4n k\u00ednh. R\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00eam th\u1eaft huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed tin t\u01b0\u1edfng; v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;religion&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00f3 v\u1ebb khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd trong t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi do s\u1ef1 v\u1eeba s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, v\u1eeba hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00ed lu\u1eadn, hay gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin.&lt;br \/&gt;\nQua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u1ea1o l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng, thuy\u1ebft gia, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft gia), \u0111\u1ec1 cao l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c, hi\u1ebfu k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i mang \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i l\u00f4i k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo t\u00f4n th\u1edd.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u1eeb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 t\u1eeb g\u1ecdi chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o hay l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 h\u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o - Christianity), kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ch\u1ec9 t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u00d4ng Tr\u1eddi - \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u1ee9u lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su \u2013 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (\u0111\u1ea1o) m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u1eadp n\u00ean, t\u1ea1o ra cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo - B\u1edfi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0: (1) \u0110\u1ea1o - Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u1eadp ra v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo; c\u00f2n c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m theo. C\u1ea3 hai, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh c\u00f5i sau; (2) \u0110\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f2n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; (3) \u0110\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ng\u1ef1, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c - nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n ban cho ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7c mi\u1ec5n, do s\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 hy sinh \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i b\u1edfi con Tr\u1eddi \u2013 Jesus Christ; c\u00f2n c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tu h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecf ra n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 bao l\u00e2u; (4) \u0110\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; (5) \u0110\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan hai chi\u1ec1u - gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng tin, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea5ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng....&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religion\/\" >Religion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religion Profession&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng Ni\u1ec1m Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean h\u1ee9a, &quot;th\u1ec1&quot; tu\u00e2n theo s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religion-profession\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religion-profession\/\" >Religion Profession<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religiosity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5t T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o &lt;\/em&gt;hay&lt;em&gt; T\u00edn Ng\u01b0\u1ee1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religiosity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religiosity\/\" >Religiosity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religious a Priori&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec1m Th\u1ee9c T\u00edn Ng\u01b0\u1ee1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 F. D. E Schleiermacher (1768-1834), \u00f4ng minh bi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-a-priori\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-a-priori\/\" >Religious a Priori<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religious Education&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-education\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-education\/\" >Religious Education<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religious Episte-mology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u00f4n H\u1ecdc \/\/ T\u1ed5ng Qu\u00e1t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-episte-mology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-episte-mology\/\" >Religious Episte-mology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religious Experience&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh Nghi\u1ec7m &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-experience\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-experience\/\" >Religious Experience<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religious Freedom&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Do &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Religious Liberty;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-freedom\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-freedom\/\" >Religious Freedom<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religious Inclusivism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Bao H\u00e0m T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-inclusivism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-inclusivism\/\" >Religious Inclusivism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religious Institute&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tu Vi\u1ec7n, H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m, l\u1eadp ri\u00eang ra trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-institute\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-institute\/\" >Religious Institute<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religious Language&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-language\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-language\/\" >Religious Language<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religious Leader&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00e3nh \u0110\u1ea1o &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-leader\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-leader\/\" >Religious Leader<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religious Orders&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt L\u1ec7 T\u00edn Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-orders\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-orders\/\" >Religious Orders<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religious Orders&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1eafc L\u1ec7nh &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m (thi h\u00e0nh) trong nghi l\u1ec5 hay trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-orders-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-orders-2\/\" >Religious Orders<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religious Pluralism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110a D\u1ea1ng T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o &lt;\/em&gt;hay &lt;em&gt;T\u00edn Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0110a D\u1ea1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-pluralism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-pluralism\/\" >Religious Pluralism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religious Socialism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-socialism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-socialism\/\" >Religious Socialism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religious Society of Friends&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00f3m Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Em (Quaker)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-society-of-friends\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religious-society-of-friends\/\" >Religious Society of Friends<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Religiousless, Christianity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o Phi T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1edfi Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906-1945) trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng\/ t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng hay gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1eefa - x\u01b0a qu\u00e1 r\u1ed3i! V\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;) kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin theo Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf. Khi \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn II, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa b\u1eebng t\u1ec9nh - c\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o - v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a theo Ch\u00faa (discipleship) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao (xem th\u00eam &lt;em&gt;D. Bonhoeffer&lt;\/em&gt;). Th\u1eadt ra, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u1ecf b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n t\u1ecf b\u00e0y trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religiousless-christianity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/religiousless-christianity\/\" >Religiousless, Christianity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Remission of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tha T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Forgive-ness of Sin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/remission-of-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/remission-of-sin\/\" >Remission of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Renaissance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 H\u1ed3i Sinh, S\u1ef1 Sinh M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p &lt;em&gt;Renaitre&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to be born a new&quot;. T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u (1300-1500 AD.) \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb trung c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; -17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; .&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/renaissance\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/renaissance\/\" >Renaissance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Renewal Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/renewal-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/renewal-church\/\" >Renewal Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Renewal Movements&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o chung t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1edbi m\u1ebb h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/renewal-movements\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/renewal-movements\/\" >Renewal Movements<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Renounce&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u1eeb Ch\u1ed1i, Kh\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Re &lt;\/em&gt;&quot;back&quot;, v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;nuntiar&lt;\/em&gt;e &quot;to tell&quot;, n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb, kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb. C\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gian \u00e1c c\u1ee7a ma qu\u1ef7, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi Phao-l\u00f4 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u0169, \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tha t\u1ed9i, t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/renounce\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/renounce\/\" >Renounce<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Renounce of Jurisdiction&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1eeb Ph\u1ea9m Tr\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf trong ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ee9c th\u1ee5 phong;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/renounce-of-jurisdiction\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/renounce-of-jurisdiction\/\" >Renounce of Jurisdiction<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Renounce of The Devil&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ed1i B\u1ecf Quy\u1ec1n L\u1ef1c Sa-tan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi nh\u1eadn L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf Sa-tan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i theo Ch\u00faa. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n C\u00f4ng B\u1ed1\u00a0 Ch\u1ed1i T\u1eeb Sa-tan tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/renounce-of-the-devil\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/renounce-of-the-devil\/\" >Renounce of The Devil<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Renussion of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tha Th\u1ee9 T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/renussion-of-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/renussion-of-sin\/\" >Renussion of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reordination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e1i Th\u1ee5 Phong Ch\u1ee9c V\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 phong l\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1eabn d\u1ee5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i th\u1ee5 phong. Khi h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 &lt;em&gt;Reordination&lt;\/em&gt;. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Augustine (354-430AD), n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ai b\u1ecf theo t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o th\u00ec c\u0169ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ee5 phong c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reordination\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reordination\/\" >Reordination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Repentance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0102n N\u0103n, H\u1ed1i H\u1eadn, Xin Tha Th\u1ee9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;Shub,&lt;\/em&gt; ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Metanoia&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;Poenitentia&lt;\/em&gt;. L\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i, \u0103n n\u0103n v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Change of Mind&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m tr\u00ed) \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi theo Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus trong \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. (Xem th\u00eam &lt;em&gt;Confession, Forgiveness&lt;\/em&gt;). Xa h\u01a1n \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c x\u1ea5u xa t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i qua m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;si\u00eau t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c&quot; (&lt;em&gt;super ego&lt;\/em&gt;) (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 26:20; M\u00e1c 1:15; Math 3:2).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/repentance\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/repentance\/\" >Repentance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Representative, Christ as&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0110\u1ea1i Di\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edn l\u00ed d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 &quot;Adam th\u1ee9 hai,&quot; thay th\u1ebf cho &quot;Adam th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t,\u201d (Rom. 6-8) v\u00ec b\u1ea5t v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, mang s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0o trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng th\u1ebf Adam \u0111\u1ec3 mang s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay. Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0110\u1ea1i Di\u1ec7n (Heb. 5-10). (Xem th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Symbolism&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;, &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Second Adam&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/representative-christ-as\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/representative-christ-as\/\" >Representative, Christ as<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Requiem Mass&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 H\u1ed3i Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 mang t\u00edn l\u00ed r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 (nh\u01b0 L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 thay cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, c\u1ea7u thay cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa tha th\u1ee9 ban s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng an ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/requiem-mass\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/requiem-mass\/\" >Requiem Mass<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Resistable Grace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Ch\u1ed1i T\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &quot;Irristable Grace&quot; (&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n B\u1ea5t T\u1eeb)&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther v\u00e0 Arminian. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb (t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i) b\u1edfi \u00fd t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resistable-grace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resistable-grace\/\" >Resistable Grace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Responsibility&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ec7m, B\u1ed5n Ph\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 &quot;r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, li\u00ean h\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng&quot; v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng &quot;r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean,&quot; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng &quot;r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i,\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cli\u00ean h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n\u201d gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00e3 sinh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi linh h\u1ed3n m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi &lt;strong&gt;Accountibility&lt;\/strong&gt; trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, S\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 20:11-14 v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o 12:13-14, b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/responsibility\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/responsibility\/\" >Responsibility<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Resto-ration of Israel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u01b0\u1edbc \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean Ph\u1ee5c H\u1ed3i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Do Th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang t\u1ea3n l\u1ea1c kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Tr\u1edf L\u1ea1i\u201d l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resto-ration-of-israel\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resto-ration-of-israel\/\" >Resto-ration of Israel<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Restoration Movement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o Ph\u1ee5c H\u1ed3i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m theo th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Nh\u1edd phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t ra GH Christian Church (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u01a1-r\u00edt Nh\u00e2n\/ H\u1eefu)&lt;\/em&gt;, sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Disciple of Christ (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/restoration-movement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/restoration-movement\/\" >Restoration Movement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Restoration of Israel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 \/\/ D\u00e2n It-ra-en&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (h\u1ed3i c\u01b0) v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 Palestine (Ca-na-an x\u01b0a), v\u00e0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf (Met-sia) s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/restoration-of-israel\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/restoration-of-israel\/\" >Restoration of Israel<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Restoratism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean ngay khi Ch\u00faa mang s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gian (Rom 8: 21-22). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Origen (185-254), qua S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c Ho\u00e0n V\u0169 (&lt;em&gt;Universal Salvation&lt;\/em&gt;). Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Universal Salvation v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, v\u00ec \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a CCT Jesus trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/restoratism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/restoratism\/\" >Restoratism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Resur-rection First&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 20:5 v\u00e0 I T\u00ea-sa. 4, r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ai tin Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n thi\u00ean ni\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;), trong ng\u00e0y \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t l\u00ean,\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecb v\u00ec v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ.\u00a0 Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y chung th\u1ea9m sau c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng tin Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t chung (&lt;em&gt;gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft h\u1eadu thi\u00ean ni\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;);&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resur-rection-first\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resur-rection-first\/\" >Resur-rection First<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Resurrection&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;Resurrectio&lt;\/em&gt;, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o (ph\u00e1i Pha-ri-si, tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean), tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus Con Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb k\u1ebb ch\u1ebft (Math. 20; M\u00e1c 16; Luc. 24; Gi\u0103ng 20; C\u00f4ng 2:32, 4:10; Gal. 1:1tt). X\u00e9t th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 4 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra qua: (1) T\u1eeb ch\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed; (2) T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ed1ng: Cha m\u1eb9 - anh em - b\u00e0 con - c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3; (3) T\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i do c\u00e1c v\u0103n s\u0129, s\u1eed gia hay nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi; (4) \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ... S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eeba ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9ng (l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc). S\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u00e3 mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc cao si\u00eau: (1) Ch\u00faa Jesus ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu; (2) Ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c sinh \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Kinh cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; (3) Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa cao c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; (4) L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Con Ng\u00e0i - \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn giao \u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf b\u00e0y cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng 3: 15.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resurrection\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resurrection\/\" >Resurrection<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Resurrection Body&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;khi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t. Sau khi ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t xong, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i (&lt;em&gt;transform&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng (I Cor. 15:35-54; Kh\u1ea3i 21; Phil. 3:10; Gi\u0103ng 11:25).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resurrection-body\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resurrection-body\/\" >Resurrection Body<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Resurrection of Jesus Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Theo Th\u00e1nh S\u1eed b\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. M\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho d\u00f9 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc gia mu\u1ed1n kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt qua 5 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: &lt;em&gt;Ti\u00ean tri ch\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng, l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng, s\u1eed ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt; v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 sau. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn l\u1eddi giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch, l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu ng\u00e0y nay tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4, \u201c&lt;em&gt;N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c tin anh em c\u0169ng v\u00f4 \u00edch,.. v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, th\u00ec trong c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi,ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n h\u01a1n h\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (C\u00f4-rin-t\u00f4 15:17-19).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resurrection-of-jesus-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resurrection-of-jesus-christ\/\" >Resurrection of Jesus Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Resurrection of Judgment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 \/\/ \u0110\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resurrection-of-judgment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resurrection-of-judgment\/\" >Resurrection of Judgment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Resurrection of the Body&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 \/\/ c\u1ee7a Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa cho s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n (I Cor. 15);&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resurrection-of-the-body\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resurrection-of-the-body\/\" >Resurrection of the Body<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Resurrection of The Dead&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 \/\/ C\u1ee7a K\u1ebb Ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t sau c\u00f9ng \u1edf T\u00f2a \u00c1n Tr\u1eafng (Kh\u1ea3i 20:11-15; Gi\u0103ng 5:28-29; C\u00f4ng 24:15).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resurrection-of-the-dead\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/resurrection-of-the-dead\/\" >Resurrection of The Dead<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reveal Law&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt M\u1ea1c Kh\u1ea3i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i cho M\u00f4i-se t\u1ea1i n\u00fai Si-nai (Xuat 20), t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Ngo\u00e0i 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn ch\u00ednh, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt, l\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong su\u1ed1t 4 s\u00e1ch sau S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong nh\u00e2n gian v\u1edbi b\u00fat k\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o (Judaism) trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 Kinh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u1ebfu d\u00f2 x\u00e9t v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh k\u1ef9 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt tr\u1ea7n gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00e0y. C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00f3 2 ph\u1ea7n: (1) Lu\u1eadt con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa (6 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u); (2) Lu\u1eadt con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (6 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n sau). H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n 2 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i - qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t l\u1edbn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reveal-law\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reveal-law\/\" >Reveal Law<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Revealed&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ea1c Kh\u1ea3i &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5&lt;em&gt;:&lt;\/em&gt; \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revealed\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revealed\/\" >Revealed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Revealed Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cao si\u00eau h\u01a1n l\u00ed lu\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ni\u1ec1m tin, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 l\u00ed lu\u1eadn. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hay th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i n\u00e0y. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;natural theology&lt;\/em&gt;) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ecdn \u00fd mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revealed-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revealed-theology\/\" >Revealed Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Revelation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb, M\u1ea1c Kh\u1ea3i, Minh Kh\u1ea3i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o hay Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Christianity, Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung&lt;\/em&gt;). Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Apokalypse&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;unveil&quot; v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;Revelatio &lt;\/em&gt;&quot;an uncove-ring&quot;. T\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t Nam &quot;&lt;em&gt;m\u1edf ra, b\u00e0y t\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng che \u0111\u1eady\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; - t\u1eeb H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;: m\u1edf ra, kh\u00f4ng che; hay &quot;&lt;em&gt;kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;: m\u1edf ra cho th\u1ea5y;&lt;em&gt; \u201ckh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d: m\u1edf ra s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u\u201d. T\u1eeb kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;minh kh\u1ea3i&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;: m\u1edf ra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c Th\u00e1nh Kinh Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb bao h\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u cao si\u00eau li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao m\u1edf ra cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u? v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nSau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 I, n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00ed l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 \u0110CT do chi\u1ebfn tranh\u2026 Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin\u2026 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd 2 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Karl Barth (1886-1968) v\u00e0 Emil Bruner (1889-1966) thu\u1ed9c \u201cT\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng\u201d (&lt;em&gt;neo-orthodoxy&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201crevelation\u201d (&lt;em&gt;m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i&lt;\/em&gt;) th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n chung \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y th\u00f4i, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t xin xem ri\u00eang t\u1eebng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026). C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 t\u00f3m trong 3 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch sau:&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;ul&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb Gi\u00e1n Ti\u1ebfp &lt;\/em&gt;(Indirect Revelation)&lt;em&gt;: .&lt;br \/&gt;\n(a) Trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (Natural Revelation)&lt;\/em&gt;: Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i do Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Karl Barth, \u0110\u1ee9c, gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th, &lt;\/sup&gt;trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi sinh ra, d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c 2 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt, lu\u1eadt thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n sinh bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, h\u01a1i th\u1edf, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u0103n s\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ba m\u1eb9\u2026 R\u1ed3i, khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean, m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i h\u1ecdc, xung quanh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, n\u00fai non, c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, m\u00e2y bay, kh\u00f4ng gian, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng v.v\u2026 Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u201cfacts\u201d (&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u00f3, \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cm\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c\u201d r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o\u2026 ai \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf hay l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3\u2026 l\u1eafm l\u00fac c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft, cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 suy lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 trong nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, nh\u00e2n sinh, \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t \u0110CT c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3\u2026m\u1ed9t \u201c&lt;em&gt;kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i cao si\u00eau c\u1ee7a suy lu\u1eadn tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;A Necessary Being&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/li&gt;\n&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh (Biblical Revelation):&lt;\/em&gt; M\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb (&lt;em&gt;Written Word&lt;\/em&gt;). Qua TK hay n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c Ti\u00ean Tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf, c\u00e1c Vua, Quan, c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 V\u0103n\u2026 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1n, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 Abram, t\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00f4i-se h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00f4-sua, l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean,.. cho \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ra \u0111\u1eddi. Trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia Do Th\u00e1i, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i.\u201d \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb.&lt;\/li&gt;\n&lt;\/ul&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb Tr\u1ef1c Ti\u1ebfp &lt;\/em&gt;(Direct Revelation). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u201cKh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb Cao Nh\u1ea5t, R\u00f5 R\u00e0ng Nh\u1ea5t, C\u1ee5 Th\u1ec3 Nh\u1ea5t\u201d, s\u1ef1 \u201cKh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su.\u201d \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i, qua \u0110C Gi\u00ea-su. Mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i, bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u Ng\u00e0i, hi\u1ec3u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0110CT t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nDi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 (&lt;em&gt;self -discloser&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng\u00a0 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i qua Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0110CT qua v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb, th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft, c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh, c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf trong Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su.\u00a0 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng sao hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f2n m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i m\u1edf ra, cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i hy v\u1ecdng, ngu\u1ed3n ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh sau s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh sau s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft.&lt;br \/&gt;\nNhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang th\u1edd \u00d4ng Tr\u1eddi, hay l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u00d4ng Tr\u1eddi; th\u1ef1c ra, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh \u00d4ng Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1i, l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng cao c\u1ea3 trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1\u2026 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ai ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y qua \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qua l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qua tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o, h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, th\u00ec h\u1ecd m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb n\u01a1i Ng\u00e0i. Con kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a Cha, n\u1ebfu Cha kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf r\u00f5 cho con\u2026&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c th\u00ec Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i (&lt;em&gt;kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;), h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i qua l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c qua suy lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb. Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa G\u00edao (Chris-tianity) t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n th\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u1ed1ng, S\u1ed1ng H\u1eb1ng H\u1eefu Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revelation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revelation\/\" >Revelation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Revelation Divine&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh, Minh&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i t\u1ecf ra, m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i (&lt;em&gt;Self-disclosure &lt;\/em&gt;and&lt;em&gt; Self-communication&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 mang c\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revelation-divine\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revelation-divine\/\" >Revelation Divine<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Revelation, Anthropic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb qua h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revelation-anthropic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revelation-anthropic\/\" >Revelation, Anthropic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Revelation, Biblical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Kinh Minh Kh\u1ea3i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb qua c\u00e1c k\u00fd thu\u1eadt gia vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revelation-biblical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revelation-biblical\/\" >Revelation, Biblical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Revised English Bible (REB, 1989)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Anh Ng\u1eef Tu Ch\u1ec9nh, 1898&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 tu ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;New English Bible&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (1961, 1970). B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Anh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh (&lt;em&gt;Protestant British Scholar&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng v\u0103n Anh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revised-english-bible-reb-1989\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revised-english-bible-reb-1989\/\" >Revised English Bible (REB, 1989)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Revised Standard Version of the Bible (RSV, 1946, 1952)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3n tu ch\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1nh Kinh t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;American Standard Version&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; (1901) do 32 nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Hoa K\u1ef3. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a V\u0103n M\u1ef9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. B\u1ea3n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, xong n\u0103m 1946, v\u00e0 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, 1952. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Tin L\u00e0nh.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revised-standard-version-of-the-bible-rsv-1946-1952\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revised-standard-version-of-the-bible-rsv-1946-1952\/\" >Revised Standard Version of the Bible (RSV, 1946, 1952)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Revised Version of the Bible (RV, 1881-1885)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tu ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh King James, 1611, do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Anh v\u00e0 M\u1ef9. B\u1ea3n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc tu ch\u1ec9nh xong 1881, v\u00e0 C\u1ef1u-\u01b0\u1edbc, 1885. B\u1ea3n tu ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;English Revised Version&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revised-version-of-the-bible-rv-1881-1885\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revised-version-of-the-bible-rv-1881-1885\/\" >Revised Version of the Bible (RV, 1881-1885)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Revisionism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft T\u00e1i Nh\u00ecn L\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Revidere&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to look back at&quot;. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho kh\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revisionism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revisionism\/\" >Revisionism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Revival&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Revivere&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;to live again.&quot; T\u1eeb mang \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh gi\u1eefa con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, mang m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi - l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean l\u00fac truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean l\u00f2ng ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revival\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revival\/\" >Revival<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Revival Move-ment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng I \u1edf Anh, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng II \u1edf M\u1ef9 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revival-move-ment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revival-move-ment\/\" >Revival Move-ment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Revolution&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Revolutio&lt;\/em&gt; &quot;a revolving.&quot; T\u1eeb trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau khi l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 thay m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revolution\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revolution\/\" >Revolution<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Revovian Catechism 1605&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Y\u1ebfu Ch\u1ec9 Revoc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in t\u1ea1i Revoc, Poland, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1605. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo \u00f4ng Faustus Socinus. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ea5p S\u1ef1 Arius \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. N\u01b0\u1edbc Poland l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bao dung t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revovian-catechism-1605\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/revovian-catechism-1605\/\" >Revovian Catechism 1605<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Reward&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb chung cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ban th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trung t\u00edn. C\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2u hay c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh (Truy\u1ec1n 12:12; Math. 20, 25; Luc. 15 v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3i 21: 1tt.).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reward\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/reward\/\" >Reward<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Rheims-Douay Version of the Bible (1582, 1609)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rheims-Douay Version of the Bible&lt;\/strong&gt; (1582, 1609)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n La-tin Vulgate. B\u1ea3n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, xong v\u00e0 in \u1edf Rheims (1582), c\u00f2n C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc in \u1edf Douay (1609). B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn in d\u00f9ng trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Anh trong ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rheims-douay-version-of-the-bible-1582-1609\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rheims-douay-version-of-the-bible-1582-1609\/\" >Rheims-Douay Version of the Bible (1582, 1609)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Right Hand of God (The Father)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00ean Ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng trong &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Jesus th\u0103ng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 Tr\u1eddi \u201c&lt;em&gt;ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi..&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d (C\u00f4ng 7:55-56; Rom 8:34; \u00caph.1: 20).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/right-hand-of-god-the-father\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/right-hand-of-god-the-father\/\" >Right Hand of God (The Father)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Righteousnes of Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Institia Fidoi.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d Tin v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho nh\u1eefng ai b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u\u00a0 Th\u1ebf Jesus, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Rom. 4:13; Gi\u0103ng 1:12).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/righteousnes-of-faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/righteousnes-of-faith\/\" >Righteousnes of Faith<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Righteousness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh, C\u00f4ng B\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;Sedagah&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Dikaiosyn\u00e8&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;Institia&lt;\/em&gt;. L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i l\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (Thi 96:13, 97:6, 106:3). Trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, B\u1ea3n Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng (1926), d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a so v\u1edbi v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi, d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n, r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/righteousness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/righteousness\/\" >Righteousness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Righteousness of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng &lt;em&gt;Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201cDikaiosyn\u00e8 theo\u00f9,\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;ti\u1ebfng La-tin&lt;em&gt; \u201cInstitia Dei\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i ban ra trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 trong l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/righteousness-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/righteousness-of-god\/\" >Righteousness of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Rights of Labor&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec1n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, bao g\u1ed3m quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ecdn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u00e1nh Kinh d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 Ch\u00faa ban cho c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng cho c\u1ea3 2 b\u00ean ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng (Eph. 6: 5-9; Col. 3: 22-25).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rights-of-labor\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rights-of-labor\/\" >Rights of Labor<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Rights, Human&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec1n L\u00e0m Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n Quy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5&lt;em&gt;: &lt;\/em&gt;Qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1948 &lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf Nh\u00e2n Quy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt; ra \u0111\u1eddi do Li\u1ec7n Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i Paris, Ph\u00e1p, Quy\u1ec1n T\u1ef1 Do Ng\u00f4n Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t Quy\u1ec1n. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1edd Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 cao quy\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. C\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 cho bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111i xa h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh. Qua nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0n n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i (tham lam, ganh t\u1ecb, t\u1ef1 cao) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, d\u00f9 LHQ qua b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 cho \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa, t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rights-human\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rights-human\/\" >Rights, Human<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Risk&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Li\u1ec1u L\u0129nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia\/ tri\u1ebft gia Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1955), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 l\u00ed tr\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t l\u00ed lu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u1ea3 hai kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t \u201cs\u1ef1 li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh\u201d (&lt;em&gt;risk&lt;\/em&gt;), hay l\u00e0 \u201cb\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ee9c tin\u201d (&lt;em&gt;leap of faith&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u1eady th\u00ec, \u0111\u1ee9c tin th\u1eadt c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh, can \u0111\u1ea3m tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng, tin ch\u1eafc n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 (Heb.12).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/risk\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/risk\/\" >Risk<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ritschlianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft (c\u1ee7a) Ritsch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb trong gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Albrecht Ritschl (1822-1889). Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft Ritsch \u0111\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh (&lt;em&gt;Justification&lt;\/em&gt;), Lu\u00e2n L\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c (&lt;em&gt;Moral&lt;\/em&gt; &amp; &lt;em&gt;Ethics&lt;\/em&gt;) trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00edn h\u1eefu Ch\u00faa, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec si\u00eau h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf, kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb, ph\u1ee5c sinh, h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y di truy\u1ec1n. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean 2 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110CT qua Ch\u00faa Jesus cho ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh (justification) v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i (transform) l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Chiristian Doctrine &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;of Justification and Reconci-liation&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1870-1874), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Instruc-tion in the Christian Religion&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1875), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Theology and Metaphysics&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1881) v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;History of Deism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (3 Vols, 1880-1886). C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra Anh Ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1a tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng (fellowship) v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa Ch\u00faa Jesus L\u1ecbch S\u1eed v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c Tin (&lt;em&gt;Jesus of History v\u00e0 Christ of Faith).&lt;\/em&gt; Hai t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18-19 v\u00e0 20 \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Ni\u1ec1m tin Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Jesus Christ &lt;\/strong&gt;v\u00e0&lt;strong&gt; History of Jesus&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ritschlianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ritschlianism\/\" >Ritschlianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ritual&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Nghi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin,\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;Liber Ritualis&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0 \u201cRitual book\u201d&lt;em&gt;,&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng nghi th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ritual\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ritual\/\" >Ritual<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ritual Purity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nghi L\u1ec5 Thanh T\u1ea9y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nghi l\u1ec5 thanh t\u1ea9y kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi M\u00f4i-se, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong Sa M\u1ea1c Si-nai, nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch L\u00ea-vi-k\u00fd 11-17 \u0111\u00e3 ghi; \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf Math. 15; 1-2\u2026 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. Ng\u00e0y nay, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng qua s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi gi\u1eef L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ritual-purity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ritual-purity\/\" >Ritual Purity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ritualism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Nghi L\u1ec5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Anh c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5, nghi th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi sau n\u00e0y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o, th\u00ec m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00ed nghi l\u1ec5. N\u00f3i chung, nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o nghi trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ritualism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ritualism\/\" >Ritualism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Roman Catholic Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i cho bi\u1ebft kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u00ean theo t\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hay v\u00f9ng, t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh Jerusalem do S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1. Khi S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 trong s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0: &lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh An-ti-\u1ed1t, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4, H\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh Ga-la-ti v.v\u2026&lt;\/em&gt; Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo Ch\u00faa Jesus s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Christian (&lt;em&gt;Krit-t\u00f4&lt;\/em&gt;) (C\u00f4ng 16). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Christian Church&lt;\/em&gt; (H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ hay H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf). G\u1ecdi n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft b\u1edb b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh chia ra l\u00e0m c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o khu n\u00e0y do m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb. C\u00f3 5 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o: Gi\u00e1o X\u1ee9 Jerusalem (Israel), Gi\u00e1o X\u1ee9 Anti\u00f4t (Syria), Gi\u00e1o X\u1ee9 Alexandria (Egyt), Gi\u00e1o X\u1ee9 Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 (Constan-tinople) (Asia) v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o X\u1ee9 La-m\u00e3 (Rome). Gi\u00e1o X\u1ee9 La-m\u00e3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec ngay sau khi Constantine tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i quy ph\u1ee5c Ch\u00faa (304). Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u1edf Gi\u00e1o X\u1ee9 La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf; do \u0111\u00f3, uy th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u1edf La-m\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o X\u1ee9 La-m\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o X\u1ee9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 403 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c La-m\u00e3 suy y\u1ebfu gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u1edf La-m\u00e3 t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Innocent I. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 (&lt;em&gt;Roman Catholic Church&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn gi\u1eef th\u1ebf c\u0169 v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (&lt;em&gt;Eastern Orthodox Church&lt;\/em&gt;). S\u1edf d\u0129 g\u1ecdi \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Diocletian La-m\u00e3 n\u0103m 292, \u0111\u00e3 chia l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. &lt;em&gt;T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c&lt;\/em&gt; (La-m\u00e3) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c&lt;\/em&gt; (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng). Ri\u00eang v\u00f9ng Alexandria c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1eafc Phi (&lt;em&gt;North Africa&lt;\/em&gt;). Tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng hai Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung cho m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1054, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/roman-catholic-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/roman-catholic-church\/\" >Roman Catholic Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Roman Catholic Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh. (1) L\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00f4 ng\u1ed9, (2) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i hi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t, (4) M\u1eb9 Ma-ri, m\u1eb9 Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, M\u1eb9 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean, (5) C\u00f3 l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed9i cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00edn h\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi, (6) 7 Th\u00e1nh T\u00edch: &lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, B\u00e1p-tem (&lt;\/em&gt;cho con n\u00edt&lt;em&gt;), X\u00e1c T\u00edn, X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u Kh\u1ea5n Nguy\u1ec7n, S\u00e1m H\u1ed1i, Truy\u1ec1n Ch\u1ee9c &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0&lt;em&gt; H\u00f4n Ph\u1ed1i.&lt;\/em&gt; (Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;em&gt;Sacraments&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/roman-catholic-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/roman-catholic-theology\/\" >Roman Catholic Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Roman Catholicism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng tr\u1edf \u0111i, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd; do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. L\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c k\u00e8m theo, gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed ri\u00eang v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy quy\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng quanh La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc \u00c2u. GHCGLM tin r\u1eb1ng, Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin: (1) Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp th\u1ebf ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 (truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c) c\u1ee7a S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 giao ph\u00f3 (Math.16:18-20). (2) Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u1ed9 (&lt;em&gt;kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea7m&lt;\/em&gt;). Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, v\u1ec1 sau, \u0111\u1ebb ra th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn l\u00ed kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0. (3) Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, (4) L\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed9i (5) \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi. (6) \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean. (7) Kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vatican II (1962-1964). Hi\u1ec7n nay, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 t\u00edn h\u1eefu l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 1 t\u1ec9 t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc GN Vatican II, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o d\u00f9ng Th\u00e1nh Kinh ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. Sau khi Vatican II ra \u0111\u1eddi, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Kinh Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p (&lt;em&gt;United Bible Society&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 in d\u00f9ng qua nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef cho c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/roman-catholicism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/roman-catholicism\/\" >Roman Catholicism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Roman Creed&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e0i T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u Chung&lt;\/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;B\u00e0i T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/roman-creed\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/roman-creed\/\" >Roman Creed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Romanticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft L\u00fd L\u00e3ng M\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Lu\u1eadn L\u00fd B\u1eebng S\u00e1ng (&lt;em&gt;Enligh-tenment Rationalism&lt;\/em&gt;), cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd trong c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u00e2n sinh. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean do tri\u1ebft gia ki\u00eam th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia g\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c, F. D. E Schleiermacher (1768-1834). S\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong n\u1ec1n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Tin L\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/romanticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/romanticism\/\" >Romanticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Rule of Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t huy t\u00edn l\u00ed B\u00e1p-tem, c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a, Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, l\u00e0 Con \u0111\u1ed9c sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110CT, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, qua\u00a0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh, s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn HT \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00f3 M\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa S\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean tri, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn 15th th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00ed v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110CT. V\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, l\u00e0 L\u1ecbch S\u1eed C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i. \u0110\u1ebfn Th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cao c\u1ea3 mang s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua s\u1ef1 tin k\u00ednh v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rule-of-faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/rule-of-faith\/\" >Rule of Faith<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-s mix\" data-filter-base=\"s\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">S<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sabacth&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;To\u00e0n Qu\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ea1o Binh, V\u1ea1n Qu\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn.\u201d T\u1eeb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c A&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;DONAI&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; To\u00e0n Qu\u00e2n.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d\u00a0 Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 trong \u00ca-sai 6, 15; Thi Thi\u00ean 46tt, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sabacth\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sabacth\/\" >Sabacth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sabbatarianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Ng\u00e0y Ngh\u1ec9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201cSabbatarius\u201d \u201cbelong to the Sabbath.\u201d Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y th\u00e1nh, ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 \u1edf Anh do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh Gi\u00e1o. Sau \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ngu\u00f4i l\u1ea7n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Seventh Day Advantists th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, do M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Joseph Bates \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, th\u00ec gi\u1eef ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9. Ng\u00e0y nay, s\u1ef1 tranh bi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh gi\u1eef ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn GH Seventh Day Advantists v\u00e0 GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 anh em \u201cChristians.\u201d T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sabbatarianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sabbatarianism\/\" >Sabbatarianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sabbath&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t, Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y, Ng\u00e0y Ngh\u1ec9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1. \u201cShabbat\u201d, \u201crest\u201d (&lt;em&gt;ngh\u1ec9&lt;\/em&gt;), ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y trong tu\u1ea7n. Ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang ra \u201cngh\u1ec9,\u201d l\u00e0m n\u00ean \u201cng\u00e0y th\u00e1nh\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa (&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ng 2; Xu\u1ea5t 20: 8, 31:13-17; Ph\u1ee5c 5:14&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y th\u00e1nh trong \u0111\u1ea1o Do Th\u00e1i. Ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec gi\u1eef ng\u00e0y Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ec9, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a ca t\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh v\u00e0 ng\u1ee3i khen Ch\u00faa quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt, v\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a La-m\u00e3, ng\u00e0y Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt (Sunday) l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u1ecd t\u00f4n th\u1edd Th\u1ea7n M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, sau khi Vua Constantinople tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y Sunday tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt, ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sabbath\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sabbath\/\" >Sabbath<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sabbatical Year&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;N\u0103m Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 n\u0103m Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y ph\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o chu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;Xu\u1ea5t 21:2-6, 23:10-11; L\u00eav. 25; Ph\u1ee5c 15:1-3&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ai, hay nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ngh\u1ec9 1 n\u0103m, v\u00e0 trong n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc \u0111i tu nghi\u1ec7p cho ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sabbatical-year\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sabbatical-year\/\" >Sabbatical Year<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sabellianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Sabelius&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft &lt;em&gt;Modalism, Modalistic Moral Chianism&lt;\/em&gt;. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y do \u00f4ng Sabelius trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt;, d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;nature&lt;\/em&gt;), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n th\u1ec3 trong ba danh x\u01b0ng: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh chung b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, cho l\u00e0 t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t trong Ba Ng\u00f4i. Ni\u1ec1m tin chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0 Ba Ng\u00f4i l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t, v\u00ec c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;being&lt;\/em&gt;), b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t (s&lt;em&gt;ubstance&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh \u00a0(e&lt;em&gt;ssence&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sabellianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sabellianism\/\" >Sabellianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sac-ramental Union&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\/ th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u00fd Ng\u00e0i&lt;strong&gt;. &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sac-ramental-union\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sac-ramental-union\/\" >Sac-ramental Union<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacerdotalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t \u00c2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft tin r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u01a1n (&lt;em&gt;gift&lt;\/em&gt;) kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 \u01a1n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 th\u1ee5 phong gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ee5 phong ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu to\u00e0n! \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh qua c\u00e1c Ch\u1ea5p S\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 phong ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacerdotalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacerdotalism\/\" >Sacerdotalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacrament of Holy Orders&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00ed T\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Lu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 7 b\u00ed t\u00edch th\u00e1nh trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i: (1) L\u1ec5 R\u1eeda T\u1ed9i, (2) Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, (3) D\u00e2ng Con Tr\u1ebb (b\u00e1p-tem tr\u1ebb con), (4) \u0102n N\u0103n,\u00a0 (5) Ti\u1ebfng Thi\u00ean Tri\u1ec7u, (7) H\u00f4n Ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 (7) Tang L\u1ec5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacrament-of-holy-orders\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacrament-of-holy-orders\/\" >Sacrament of Holy Orders<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacramentalisms&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed B\u00ed T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n Ch\u00faa t\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch. \u201cSacramentalists\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Theo&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;B\u00ed T\u00edch, Th\u1ee9c Gi\u1ea3 B\u00ed T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;). G\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o b\u00ed t\u00edch \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i&lt;strong&gt;. &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacramentalisms\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacramentalisms\/\" >Sacramentalisms<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacramentality, Principle of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u00eau Chu\u1ea9n &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacramentality-principle-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacramentality-principle-of\/\" >Sacramentality, Principle of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacramentals Action&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nghi Th\u1ee9c H\u00e0nh L\u1ec5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nghi th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i g\u00ec\u201d sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u00fac nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn ba gi\u00e1o l\u00fd: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Transubstantialism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Consubstantialism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Symbolism\u201d. &lt;\/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;m\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacramentals-action\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacramentals-action\/\" >Sacramentals Action<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacramentarians&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u1eadp &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebb ra \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 H. Zwingli (1484-1531) (&lt;em&gt;Symbolism&lt;\/em&gt;). Martin Luther (1483-1546)(&lt;em&gt;Constantialism&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 Catholics (&lt;em&gt;Transubstan-tialism&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacramentarians\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacramentarians\/\" >Sacramentarians<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacramentary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;s\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed t\u00edch v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacramentary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacramentary\/\" >Sacramentary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacraments&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00ed T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;mysterion&lt;\/em&gt;, mystery\u201d, ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;sacrmentum&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (oath) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Kinh Th\u00e1nh) mang nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u1ea9n d\u1ea5u b\u00ean trong hay l\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed t\u00edch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 trong 7 b\u00ed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments\/\" >Sacraments<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacraments Healing&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Ch\u1eefa B\u1ec7nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y qua s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n (C\u00f4ng 9:17; Gia-c\u01a1 5:14).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-healing\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-healing\/\" >Sacraments Healing<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacraments of Baptism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 (B\u00ed T\u00edch B\u00e1p-tem)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c GH Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111a ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm trong d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-of-baptism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-of-baptism\/\" >Sacraments of Baptism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacraments Sign&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u1ea5u Hi\u1ec7u B\u00ed T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n d\u1ea5u cho b\u00ed t\u00edch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-sign\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-sign\/\" >Sacraments Sign<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacraments Systems&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng B\u00ed T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c mang \u1ea5n t\u00edn \u00e2n s\u0169ng Ch\u00faa ban.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-systems\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-systems\/\" >Sacraments Systems<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacraments Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc B\u00ed T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-theology\/\" >Sacraments Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacraments Union&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t B\u00ed T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft Ch\u00faa Jesus qua b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nho trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-union\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-union\/\" >Sacraments Union<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacraments, Dominical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 L\u1ec5 &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai ban l\u1ec5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-dominical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-dominical\/\" >Sacraments, Dominical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacraments, the Blessed&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00ed T\u00edch Ch\u00fac L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, g\u1ecdi cho L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-the-blessed\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-the-blessed\/\" >Sacraments, the Blessed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacraments, The Sevent&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3y &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eef 7 b\u00ed t\u00edch: &lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem cho con tr\u1ebb, L\u1ec5 X\u00e1c T\u00edn (B\u00e1p-tem khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh), Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, L\u1ec5 S\u00e1m H\u1ed1i (l\u00e0m h\u00f2a), L\u1ec5 X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u (kh\u1ea9n nguy\u1ec7n), L\u1ec5 Truy\u1ec1n Ch\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3, L\u1ec5 H\u00f4n Ph\u1ed1i -&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Infant Baptism, Baptism Confirma-tion, Holy Eucharist, Penance (Reconciliation), Extreme Unction (Anointing of the Sick), Holy Orders v\u00e0 Matrimony&lt;\/em&gt;. Ri\u00eang c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef 2 l\u1ec5: &lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-the-sevent\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacraments-the-sevent\/\" >Sacraments, The Sevent<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacred Heart of Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m Th\u00e1nh Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u201cCon Tim Th\u00e1nh\u201d l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus ban b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 hy sinh cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacred-heart-of-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacred-heart-of-jesus\/\" >Sacred Heart of Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacred History&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi Kinh Th\u00e1nh ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00e1nh. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacred-history\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacred-history\/\" >Sacred History<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacrifice&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hy Sinh, V\u1eadt D\u00e2ng T\u1ebf, Con Sinh T\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Sacrificium&lt;\/em&gt;, do ch\u1eef &lt;em&gt;sacer&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;sacret&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;facere \u201c&lt;\/em&gt;to make\u201d. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec d\u00e2ng l\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn hy sinh cho Ch\u00faa. S\u1ef1 D\u00e2ng T\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong to\u00e0n Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc (&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ng 4:3-5; 8:20-22&lt;\/em&gt;), li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi (&lt;em&gt;Xu\u1ea5t 24:3-8&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacrifice\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacrifice\/\" >Sacrifice<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacrificial Offering&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 D\u00e2ng Hi\u1ebfn Hi Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn, qua l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt hy sinh trong s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hy sinh d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus tr\u00ean th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (&lt;em&gt;Eph. 5:2; Heb. 5:3; 10;12&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacrificial-offering\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacrificial-offering\/\" >Sacrificial Offering<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sacrificial System&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng D\u00e2ng T\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc nh\u01b0 d\u00e2ng c\u1eb7p b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u, 1 con chi\u00ean con, 1 con b\u00f2, hoa qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a,.. S\u00e1ch &lt;em&gt;L\u00ea-vi-k\u00fd&lt;\/em&gt; trong Ng\u0169 Kinh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 chi ti\u1ebft nghi th\u1ee9c d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean qua c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i, t\u1ea1 \u01a1n, tha t\u1ed9i.v.v\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacrificial-system\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sacrificial-system\/\" >Sacrificial System<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sadducees&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u00f4n Ph\u00e1i Sa-du-ce&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;Saduqim&lt;\/em&gt;, ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;Saddoukaioi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;sadducaei&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 trong Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, l\u1ec5 l\u1ed9c th\u1edd k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Yahv\u00eah c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i. Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Sa-du-c\u00ea \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cao c\u1ea5p trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Do Th\u00e1i, y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n La-m\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Ng\u0169 Kinh M\u00f4i-se, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tin kh\u1ea9u truy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi sau, thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n. B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pha-ri-si. Trong th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng phe v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pha-ri-si v\u00e0 b\u1ecb Ch\u00faa k\u1ebft \u00e1n c\u1ea3 hai \u1edf Ma-thi-\u01a1 23. Sau n\u0103m 70 AD, N\u01b0\u1edbc Do Th\u00e1i b\u1ecb La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm, d\u00e2n t\u1ea3n l\u1ea1c, ph\u00e1i Sa-du-c\u00ea kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf trong Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o n\u1eefa. (&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a F. Josephus \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Jewish War&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sadducees\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sadducees\/\" >Sadducees<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Saga&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chuy\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n Tho\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Karl Barth (1886-1968), \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n xa x\u01b0a trong s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 1-11. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0o th\u1eddi t\u00e1i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u0103n th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed.\u00a0 Ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u1eed li\u1ec7u hay khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, \u201cSaga\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt (th\u00e1nh t\u00edch) t\u1eeb th\u1ee7a xa x\u01b0a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho b\u1edfi \u0110TL c\u1ee7a \u0110CT, cho kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 trong s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/saga\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/saga\/\" >Saga<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Saint&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Nh\u00e2n, Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Hagios&lt;\/em&gt;, ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Sanctus&lt;\/em&gt; \u201choly one\u201d. Bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0, k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e1nh\u201d v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi cho Ch\u00faa. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1edf s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Christians (C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Nh\u00e2n), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ea9y qua d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (II Cor. 8:4).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/saint\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/saint\/\" >Saint<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Saint, Devotion to the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1eadn Hi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3. Ng\u00e0y nay, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c L\u1ec5 H\u1ed9i trong m\u1ee5c \u201cInvocation of the Saint\u201d (&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n T\u1eadn Hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/saint-devotion-to-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/saint-devotion-to-the\/\" >Saint, Devotion to the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Saint\u2019s Day&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 T\u01b0\u1edfng Ni\u1ec7m C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/saints-day\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/saints-day\/\" >Saint\u2019s Day<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sainthood&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadn Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sainthood\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sainthood\/\" >Sainthood<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Salt&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mu\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n (D\u00e2n 18:19; Lev. 2:13), l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb giao \u01b0\u1edbc; trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc d\u00f9ng cho ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u201c&lt;em&gt;l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus (Math. 5:13). Ri\u00eang trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem, l\u1ea5y mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u1ee9ng vi\u00ean) v\u1edbi l\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u201c&lt;em&gt;H\u00e3y nh\u1eadn mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/salt\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/salt\/\" >Salt<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Salvation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, S\u1ef1 Gi\u1ea3i C\u1ee9u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;Yasa,&lt;\/em&gt; Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Soteria&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c &lt;em&gt;Salvare&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;to save)&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 hai t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cdeliverance\u201d gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 M\u00f4i-se gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 Ai-c\u1eadp (Xu\u1ea5t 2tt). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i (Thi-Thi\u00ean). Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Save, Salvation&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u hay c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m \u00fd t\u00e2m linh \u2013 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i linh h\u1ed3n (Gi\u0103ng 3:16; Eph. 2:8-9). Ch\u00faa d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a cho T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhau qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh ph\u00fac tr\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i (Gi\u0103ng 3:16). To\u00e0n quy\u1ec3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. Ch\u00ednh t\u00ean Ng\u00e0i Jesus l\u00e0 \u201cSaved\u201d (&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i)&lt;\/em&gt; (Math. 1:21). T\u1eeb c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean 210 l\u1ea7n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/salvation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/salvation\/\" >Salvation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Salvation Army&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Qu\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c do \u00f4ng William Booth (1829-1912) \u1edf London s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1865 nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa, kh\u00f4ng theo l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i, nghi th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef b\u00ed t\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng t\u00edn l\u00ed theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Aminian. Nh\u1eefng ai thu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/salvation-army\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/salvation-army\/\" >Salvation Army<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Salvation by Grace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i B\u1edfi \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi \u00e2n di\u1ec3n do \u0111\u1ee9c tin, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng do b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 (&lt;em&gt;gift&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Eph. 2:8-9).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/salvation-by-grace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/salvation-by-grace\/\" >Salvation by Grace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Salvation by Work&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i B\u1edfi Vi\u1ec7c L\u00e0m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00edn l\u00ed cho r\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. T\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft Pelagiarism c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. (Pelagius 354 - ). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m theo th\u00e1nh Gia-c\u01a1 d\u1ea1y. Trong ni\u1ec1m tin gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c tin: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Tin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i (Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7), v\u00e0 (2) \u0110\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7u xin trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ban \u01a1n (\u0110\u1ee9c tin th\u1ee9 2 n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ecf ra nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m\u2026 nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh Gia-c\u01a1 d\u1ea1y).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/salvation-by-work\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/salvation-by-work\/\" >Salvation by Work<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Salvation History&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c \u201c&lt;em&gt;Heilsgeschichte,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d t\u1eeb do Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Oscar Culmann (v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean quy\u1ec3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (Gi\u0103ng 5:39). Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f9a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed theo \u00fd Ng\u00e0i trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft trong h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/salvation-history\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/salvation-history\/\" >Salvation History<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Salvation, Doctrine of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n, b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai tin Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u. M\u1ed7i con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i s\u1ebd qua 5 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: (1) Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, (2) Tuy\u00ean c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha t\u1ed9i, (3) T\u00e1i sanh, (4) Th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 (5) T\u00f4n vinh hi\u1ec3n. T\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Soteriology (&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Chu\u1ed9c H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/salvation-doctrine-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/salvation-doctrine-of\/\" >Salvation, Doctrine of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Samosatenes&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Samosata&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Paul of Samosata, l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u1edf Antioch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt;, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u201cDynamic Monarchianism\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Th\u1ec3 Linh \u0110\u1ed9ng&lt;\/em&gt;), d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ec9nh (&lt;em&gt;Godhead&lt;\/em&gt;) bao g\u1ed3m: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, S\u1ef1 Kh\u00f4n Ngoan v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi. Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/samosatenes\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/samosatenes\/\" >Samosatenes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Santification&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Th\u00e1nh H\u00f3a, \/\/ N\u00ean Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Hagiasmos,&lt;\/em&gt; La-tin &lt;em&gt;Sanctificato.&lt;\/em&gt; L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00edn h\u1eefu. Ngay sau khi tin Ch\u00faa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu s\u1ebd \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sau: (1) Tin Ch\u00faa, (2) Tuy\u00ean C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh (tha t\u1ed9i), (3) T\u00e1i Sinh, (4) Th\u00e1nh H\u00f3a (&lt;em&gt;Santification&lt;\/em&gt;), (5) T\u00f4n Vinh Hi\u1ec3n (&lt;em&gt;Glorification&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a n\u1eb1m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh (C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh &amp; C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch) r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a 2 l\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng I &amp; II (&lt;em&gt;Great Awakenning I &amp; II&lt;\/em&gt;) \u1edf Anh v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u00a0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a, theo quy t\u1eafc, t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn, d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng cho Ch\u00faa m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/santification\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/santification\/\" >Santification<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Santify&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh H\u00f3a, L\u00e0m N\u00ean Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/santify\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/santify\/\" >Santify<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sardice, Council of (343-344)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m Sadice (343-344)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp b\u1edfi Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Constans I v\u00e0 Constantin II v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Julius I \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1edbi t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Arius, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 1 cu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103m 325 AD (&lt;em&gt;Nicene Council&lt;\/em&gt;), nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a y\u00ean. R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c sau gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y chia ra 2 ph\u00eda: Ph\u00eda Arian, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi Eusebius of Nicomedia (\u0110\u00f4ng), v\u00e0 ph\u00eda Athanasius (T\u00e2y) h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Sardice ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Arianism.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sardice-council-of-343-344\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sardice-council-of-343-344\/\" >Sardice, Council of (343-344)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sarx&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;X\u00e1c, x\u00e1c th\u1ec3, t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c, x\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;strong&gt;\u03c3\u1f70\u03c1\u03be&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; (&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sarx,&lt;\/em&gt; Flesh). T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u00fd x\u1ea5u (Gi\u0103ng 1:14). T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng kho\u1ea3ng 150 l\u1ea7n trong kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn Phao-L\u00f4, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xa c\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c, ph\u00e0m tr\u1ea7n (fleshly, earthly) so v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi thi\u00ean li\u00eang tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi (sp\u1ec9ritually, heavenly). Trong b\u1ea3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cx\u00e1c th\u1ecbt.\u201d Tuy t\u1eeb \u201cx\u00e1c th\u1ecbt\u201d r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00ec l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u0111en, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 thi\u00ean li\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3\u2026 do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ec3, x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt, x\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c t\u00f9y v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea3n v\u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p (R\u00f4-ma 1-6; Ga-la-ti 5:17,19; \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 2: 3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sarx\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sarx\/\" >Sarx<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Satan&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ma Qu\u1ef7, t\u00ean Sa-tan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 (&lt;strong&gt;\u05df\u05d8\u05b8\u05e9\u05b8\u05c2&lt;\/strong&gt;) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cSatan\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u201cAccuser,\u201d \u201cAdversary.\u201d B\u1ea3n LXX Hy-l\u1ea1p d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Devil (&lt;em&gt;diabolos).&lt;\/em&gt; Satan, nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean s\u1ee9, trong Gi\u00f3p 1 v\u00e0 Xa-cha-ri 3, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n 13 l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb, v\u00e0 10 l\u1ea7n ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u00e1c hay s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Sa-tan l\u00e0 thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf tr\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n n\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u1ea1t ra kh\u1ecfi Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb Sa-tan c\u00f3 t\u00ean kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cLucifer\u201d (\u00ca-sai 14:12, KJV), \u201cNg\u00f4i Sao Mai\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Morning Star&lt;\/em&gt;) \u201cCon c\u1ee7a R\u1ea1ng \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d (\u00ca-sai 14:12) v\u00e0 Sa-tan (Kh\u1ea3i 12:9). Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Sa-tan, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c:&lt;br \/&gt;\n- T\u1eeb Sa-tan nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;K\u1ebb Ki\u1ec7n C\u00e1o\u201d&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Accuser&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong s\u00e1ch Gi\u00f3p, Sa-tan ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1o, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec Ch\u00faa \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i n\u00ean Gi\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e0u c\u00f3,\u00a0 v\u00e0 Sa-tan xin \u0111i th\u1eed th\u00e1ch Gi\u00f3p. (Gi\u00f3p 2: 1-7, Xa-cha. 3:1-3), (Kh\u1ea3i 12: 7-12; 20:2, 7, 10). V\u00e0 trong Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n, ch\u00ednh Sa-tan ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1o l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0o thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i.&lt;br \/&gt;\n- Sa-tan c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;K\u1ebb \u00c1c&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;The&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Evil One&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u0169ng trong s\u00e1ch Gi\u00f3p, Sa-tan \u00e1c th\u1eadt, n\u00f3 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 \u00f4ng Gi\u00f3p h\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i: - t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch, - con c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft h\u1ebft, - v\u1ee3 ru\u1ed3ng r\u1eaby, m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc, - B\u1ea1n b\u00e8 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, h\u1ea1ch s\u00e1ch, - l\u00e0m to\u00e0n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00f3p gh\u1ebb ch\u00f3c - c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u00e1c h\u01a1n. Sa-tan bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u00c1c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i \u00c1c\u201d kh\u00f4ng?&lt;br \/&gt;\n- Sa-tan c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;K\u1ebb N\u00f3i L\u00e1o&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Liar&lt;\/em&gt;). Sa-tan lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i l\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 xui l\u00f2ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe theo, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb Ch\u00faa \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 n\u00f3. Th\u1eadt t\u1ebf, ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 n\u1ed7i? Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft!.. (John 8: 44; Co-lo-se 1:16-17; Ma-thi-\u01a1 4:1tt; Gi\u00f3p 1-2).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nNhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Ma-qu\u1ef7, qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef, qu\u1ef7 s\u1ee9. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai nghe theo l\u1eddi Sa-tan, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. KT cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n \u201ctheo Sa-tan\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Ch\u00faa. (Math.4:10; Luc.10:18; 2 Cor.2:11). Ma qu\u1ef7 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vinh hoa, ph\u00fa qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c theo n\u00f3 sa v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0110CT, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t trong ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong ho\u1ea3 ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. (Khai 12:7-12).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/satan\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/satan\/\" >Satan<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Satan, Fall of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Sa Ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Sa-tan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai b\u1ecb quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Sa-tan l\u00e0m cho b\u1ecb qu\u1ef7 \u00e1m, \u0111i\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/satan-fall-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/satan-fall-of\/\" >Satan, Fall of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Satanism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1edd Sa-tan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/satanism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/satanism\/\" >Satanism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Savior&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gi\u1ea3i C\u1ee9u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u201cSavior\u201d ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng.\u201d\u00a0 Ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;Y\u00e0sa&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0 \u201cdeliver, set free\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 M\u00f4i-se, Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea v\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng (\u00ca-sai 43:11, 45:21), t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Joshua hay Jeshua v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;Iesous&lt;\/em&gt; \u2013 Jesus.\u201d Hosea, Elisha ell (&lt;em&gt;God is Salvation)&lt;\/em&gt;. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, &lt;em&gt;Yaweh&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Gi\u1ea3i C\u1ee9u, v\u1ec1 sau th\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0110\u1ee9c Yaweh s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i(&lt;em&gt;Savior&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong th\u1eddi h\u1eadu n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 (B\u1ea3n Kinh LXX) \u201cSavior&lt;em&gt;,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d d\u1ecbch cho &lt;em&gt;S\u00f2ter&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;deliverence, preserving&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o. Ri\u00eang trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 dung t\u1eeb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i, \u0110\u1ea5ng Tha T\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh (Gi\u0103ng 3:16; Rom. 3:23; Tim. 1:1; C\u00f4ng 13:23; 2Tim. 1:10). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p tr\u00ean 100 l\u1ea7n trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;m\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Jesus Christ, Christology)&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/savior\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/savior\/\" >Savior<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Savon (Reine) Confession (1551)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Trong Kh\u1ed1i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Savon (&lt;em&gt;Reine&lt;\/em&gt;) Confession, 1551, do Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Philip Melanchthon (1497-1560), v\u00ec Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Charler V y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp l\u1edbn l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent (1545-1563).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/savon-reine-confession-1551\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/savon-reine-confession-1551\/\" >Savon (Reine) Confession (1551)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Savoy Conference (1661)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Savoy&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m h\u1ecdp \u1edf Savoy, N\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Thanh Gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vua Charles II \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy\u1ec7t tr\u00ecnh S\u00e1ch C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n Chung (&lt;em&gt;Book of Common Prayer)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 l\u1ed9c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/savoy-conference-1661\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/savoy-conference-1661\/\" >Savoy Conference (1661)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Savoy Declaration (1658)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Savoy&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u1edf Anh, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang (&lt;em&gt;Congregation Church&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Savoy l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ni\u1ec1m tin cho gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Westminster, 1646 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n Westminster \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1n h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/savoy-declaration-1658\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/savoy-declaration-1658\/\" >Savoy Declaration (1658)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sayings of Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng L\u1eddi D\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u00fa \u00fd, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; do c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, nh\u1eb1m mang uy t\u00edn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sayings-of-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sayings-of-jesus\/\" >Sayings of Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Scapegoat&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u1eadt Hy Sinh, V\u1eadt T\u1ebf Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed7i n\u0103m nh\u1eb1m Ng\u00e0y Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;Day of Atonement&lt;\/em&gt;), m\u1ed9t con chi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn r\u1ea5t k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn thay t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean. Sau khi Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t hai tay c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trao t\u1ed9i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 giao cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eaft (\u0111u\u1ed5i) n\u00f3 v\u00e0o sa m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 mang t\u1ed9i \u0111i xa (Lev.16: 8-22).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scapegoat\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scapegoat\/\" >Scapegoat<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Schaff, Philip (1819-1893)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Schaff, Philip&lt;\/strong&gt; (1819-1893)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eed gia c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn trong gi\u1edbi Tin L\u00e0nh. \u00d4ng nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c theo Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran, \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n b\u1edfi M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Lutheran v\u00e0 theo h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Turbine Halle v\u00e0 Berlin. \u00d4ng th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Hegel v\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, Th\u00e1nh Kinh H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u00f9a Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Tholuck v\u00e0 Neander. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn qua s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch \u1edf Mercersburg, PA. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy qua s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;incarnation&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, nghi th\u1ee9c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd chung to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u00d4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng mang s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft l\u00ed \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00ed C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh M\u1ef9, gi\u1eefa C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m: \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Principle of Protestantism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1844), \u201c&lt;em&gt;What Is Church History&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1848); 8 quy\u1ec3n s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, \u201c&lt;em&gt;History of Christian Church&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1888); 3 quy\u1ec3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Creeds of Christendom&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1877) v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Schaff-Herzog Encyclo-pedia of Religious Know-ledge&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1884). \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Andover Seminary (1863) v\u00e0 \u1edf Union Theological Semi-nary, New York. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1eed li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/schaff-philip-1819-1893\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/schaff-philip-1819-1893\/\" >Schaff, Philip (1819-1893)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Schism, Great (1054 v\u00e0 1378-1417)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cu\u1ed9c Chia R\u1ebd V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chia c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb s\u00e2u xa t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Innocent I (402) \u1edf La-m\u00e3. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng cho ni\u1ec1m tin chung v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1054 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd h\u1eb3n gi\u1eefa \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. S\u1ef1 chia c\u00e1ch do s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn qua 2 t\u1eeb trong b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin (&lt;em&gt;Nicene Creed&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong b\u1ea3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Filiogue,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u201c&lt;em&gt;qua \u0110\u1ee9c Con&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d &lt;em&gt;(through&lt;\/em&gt; the Son), c\u00f2n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tin r\u1eb1ng, \u201c&lt;em&gt;v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Con&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;and&lt;\/em&gt; the Son). V\u00e0 v\u00e0o 1378 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i th\u00eam 1 l\u1ea7n chia c\u00e1ch n\u1eefa. L\u00fac \u1ea5y \u1edf Avignon (Anh) v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u1edf La-m\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/schism-great-1054-va-1378-1417\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/schism-great-1054-va-1378-1417\/\" >Schism, Great (1054 v\u00e0 1378-1417)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Schlatler, Adolf von (1852-1938)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Schlatler, Adolf von&lt;\/strong&gt; (1852-1938)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf St. Gallen v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u1edf Basel v\u00e0 Tubingen. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf Th\u1ee5y S\u0129, sao \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y \u1edf Berlin 1880. Trong gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Tin L\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ee9c \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c gi\u1eef b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o. S\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111a ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 quy\u1ec3n sang Anh Ng\u1eef, \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Church in the New Testament Period\u201d (&lt;\/em&gt;1926). \u00d4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lay chuy\u1ec3n b\u1edfi n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/schlatler-adolf-von-1852-1938\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/schlatler-adolf-von-1852-1938\/\" >Schlatler, Adolf von (1852-1938)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Schleiermacher, F. D. E (1768-1834)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Schleiermacher, F. D. E&lt;\/strong&gt; (1768-1834)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia\/ Tri\u1ebft Gia Schleiermacher (1768-1834). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u201ctr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c\u201d (&lt;em&gt;intuition&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea3m x\u00fac\u201d (&lt;em&gt;feeling&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 uy quy\u1ec1n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. F. D. E Schleiermacher, sinh \u1edf Breslau, 1768, con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean \u00fay qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch. \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc \u1edf Moravian School, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. N\u0103m 1787, \u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Halle v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Kant v\u00e0 Spinoza. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi B\u1eebng S\u00e1ng (&lt;em&gt;Englightenment&lt;\/em&gt;), Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;Reason&lt;\/em&gt;) \u1edf Berlin v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a F. Schlegel trong phong tr\u00e0o m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. V\u1ec1 sau, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Halle l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, 1804. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean: \u201c&lt;em&gt;On Religion Speeches To Its Cultured Despisers\u201d (&lt;\/em&gt;1799), &lt;em&gt;\u201cReligion Within The Limits of Reason Alone\u201d;&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u201cThe Christian Faith&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1821); &lt;em&gt;\u201cBrief Outline on the Study of Theology\u201d.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/schleiermacher-f-d-e-1768-1834\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/schleiermacher-f-d-e-1768-1834\/\" >Schleiermacher, F. D. E (1768-1834)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Scholastic Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Khoa B\u1ea3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;khoa b\u1ea3ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p) \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp, th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 n\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn l\u00ed trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Th\u1ea5m th\u1ea5u trong t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scholastic-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scholastic-theology\/\" >Scholastic Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Scholastic, Protestant&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Khoa B\u1ea3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scholastic-protestant\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scholastic-protestant\/\" >Scholastic, Protestant<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Scholasticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch H\u1ec7 Chuy\u00ean Bi\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft cao h\u01a1n \u1edf v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, truy\u1ec1n l\u01b0u, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scholasticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scholasticism\/\" >Scholasticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Scholasticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Khoa B\u1ea3ng H\u1ecdc V\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i l\u00ed lu\u1eadn tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea5p.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scholasticism-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scholasticism-2\/\" >Scholasticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Schwabach, Articles of (1529)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Schwabach, 1529&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran g\u1ed3m 17 \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Martin Luther (1483-1546), nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, Anabaptists v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m theo t\u00edn l\u00ed Zwinglism.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/schwabach-articles-of-1529\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/schwabach-articles-of-1529\/\" >Schwabach, Articles of (1529)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Schweitzer, Albert (1875-1965)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o S\u0129 Albert Schweitzer&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u0129 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Gabon, Phi Ch\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 y khoa gi\u1ecfi, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran \u1edf Alsaca, \u0110\u1ee9c.\u00a0 \u00d4ng h\u1ecdc piano t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 theo h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stasboung. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia, s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u tay c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Mystery of the Kingdom&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1901) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia b\u00e0n c\u00e3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0, \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Quest of Historical Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1906). Quy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao trong gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 1 h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1eddn organ c\u1ee7a J. S. Bach (1908). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc qua 8 s\u00e1ch quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Bach l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 1 quy\u1ec3n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eddn organ ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p (1906). Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng d\u00e0nh th\u00ec gi\u1edd l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 gia c\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i \u1edf Strasboung. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 theo h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh y khoa, sau 8 n\u0103m, xong b\u1eb1ng b\u00e1c s\u0129, 1913. Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Gabon. Nh\u1edd v\u1ee3 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 1 y t\u00e1, n\u00ean h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au y\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n. Danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3n ra, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng ganh gh\u00e9t. N\u0103m 1917, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi Phi Ch\u00e2u. Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gi\u1edd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c y khoa v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. N\u0103m 1923, sau 6 n\u0103m, \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 7 quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Philosophy of Civilization&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1923). Albert Schweitzer \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Historical Jesus (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Jesus L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;), m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y uy\u00ean b\u00e1c v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4i N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u00d4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Ch\u00faa Jesus con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eadt (&lt;em&gt;discipleship&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/schweitzer-albert-1875-1965\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/schweitzer-albert-1875-1965\/\" >Schweitzer, Albert (1875-1965)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Science of Religion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Khoa H\u1ecdc T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1edbi l\u00ed lu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ni\u1ec1m tin. Ng\u00e0y nay, Ph\u00e1i Neo-Evangelical (&lt;em&gt;Tin L\u00e0nh T\u00e2n Ph\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 Neo-Orthodoxy (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 T\u00e2n Ph\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/science-of-religion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/science-of-religion\/\" >Science of Religion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Scientific Method&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Khoa H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;D\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scientific-method\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scientific-method\/\" >Scientific Method<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Scientism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Duy Khoa H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scientism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scientism\/\" >Scientism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Scientology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u00f4n H\u1ecdc Khoa H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m l\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;psycho-therapy&lt;\/em&gt;) do L. R. Hubbard (1911-1976), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft gia khoa h\u1ecdc, cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh qua s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1edfi m\u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00fat m\u1eaft t\u00e2m linh. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o theo 1 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Christian Science. V\u1ec1 sau, h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1954 \u1edf California v\u00e0 Florida, \u0111\u01b0a ra logo: \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Way to Happiness.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cao c\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cao c\u1ea3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u00faa Jesus kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tha t\u1ed9i. S\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, m\u1ed9t hy v\u1ecdng sai l\u1ea7m. C\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea9m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u201c&lt;em&gt;Diametic,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;Way to Happiness,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;Foun-dation&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;\/strong&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;WISE&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Hubbard College of Administration&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scientology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scientology\/\" >Scientology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Scofield Reference Bible (1909)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh Scofield&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 1 b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Scofield, Cyrus Ingerson (1843-1921) theo ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o l\u00ed &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Thi\u00ean Qu\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt; (Dispensa-tionalism) (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 John Nelson Darby, 1800-1882) \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n trong L\u1ecbch S\u1eed v\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh theo gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft &lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec1n Thi\u00ean Ni\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt; (premil-lennial). N\u00f3i chung, quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Scofield \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong gi\u1edbi Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin thi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chia l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qua 7 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n (7 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3) v\u1edbi 7 \u00e2n ban cho kh\u00e1c nhau. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dispensationalism (&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Thi\u00ean Qu\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scofield-reference-bible-1909\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scofield-reference-bible-1909\/\" >Scofield Reference Bible (1909)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Scofield, Cyrus Ingerson (1843-1921)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scofield, Cyrus Ingerson &lt;\/strong&gt;(1843-1921)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang (Congregation) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n. Scofield sinh \u1edf Mississippi v\u00e0 19\/8\/1843 v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf Tennessee. \u00d4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i li\u00ean bang v\u00e0 theo h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadt. T\u01b0\u1edbng Grant \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t \u00f4ng l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u1eadt \u1edf Kansas Hoa K\u1ef3 U. S. Attoney for Kansas. Sau khi ra kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, theo h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh Kinh Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u1edf Dallas v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t HT \u1edf Dallas (1882-1895) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Main (1895-1902). Trong khi h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm b\u1edfi J. N. Darby v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Anh Em Plymouth. \u00d4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ngay gi\u00e1o l\u00ed ti\u1ec1n thi\u00ean ni\u00ean v\u00e0 thi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n (dispensa-tionalism). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110CT trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Righly Dividing the Word of Truth&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn trong n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft thi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n (&lt;em&gt;dispensa-tionalism)&lt;\/em&gt;. \u00d4ng d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho &lt;em&gt;The Comprehensive Bible Corres-pondence Course,&lt;\/em&gt; 1986 (H\u1ed9i H\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh To\u00e0n Th\u01b0),v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t 9 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t quy\u1ec3n KT v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i k\u00e8m theo, &lt;em&gt;The Scofield Reference Bible&lt;\/em&gt;. N\u0103m 1909, quy\u1ec3n KT n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 2 tri\u1ec7u cu\u1ed1n in ra v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong kh\u1eafp Hoa K\u1ef3. V\u1ec1 sau, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u1ee7y ban g\u1ed3m 9 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tu ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi t\u00ean &lt;em&gt;The New Scofield Reference Bible. &lt;\/em&gt;1967&lt;em&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft thi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Tin L\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scofield-cyrus-ingerson-1843-1921\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scofield-cyrus-ingerson-1843-1921\/\" >Scofield, Cyrus Ingerson (1843-1921)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Scots Confession (1560)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin\u00a0 Scots, 1560&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng Nh\u00e0 L\u00e3nh \u0110\u1ea1o C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch Scotland (&lt;em&gt;Scottish Reformers&lt;\/em&gt;), ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 John Knox (1513-72). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n Westminster (1647) m\u1edbi thay th\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n King (1851) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 1 ph\u1ee5 b\u1ea3n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scots-confession-1560\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scots-confession-1560\/\" >Scots Confession (1560)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Scripture&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh, Kinh Th\u00e1nh, Kinh V\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Graphe&lt;\/em&gt; La-tin &lt;em&gt;Scriptura \u201c&lt;\/em&gt;Scribers&lt;em&gt;\u201d (to write)&lt;\/em&gt;. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh s\u1eed, th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n, kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. Theo ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0110i\u1ec3n, hay Th\u00e1nh Kinh (&lt;em&gt;Holy Scripture&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00ec n\u00f3 mang s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i (Math. 21:41; I Cor.15:3-4; Mac 12:10; Gal. 3:22. II Tim. 3:15). \u0110\u00fang ra, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung cho th\u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0 h\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p \u201cGod breath\u201d (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c \u00a0Ch\u00faa\u00a0 \u00a0Tr\u1eddi\u00a0\u00a0 th\u1edf v\u00e0o&lt;\/em&gt;), th\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi ch\u00e9p qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi! C\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Th\u00e1nh Kinh ghi ch\u00e9p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 1 s\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh S\u1eed, Th\u00e1nh \u0110i\u1ec3n (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam &lt;\/em&gt;m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Bible, Holy&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scripture\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scripture\/\" >Scripture<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Scripture Alone&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ec9 C\u00f3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scripture-alone\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scripture-alone\/\" >Scripture Alone<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Scripture Principle&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u00eau Chu\u1ea9n Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Sola Scripture (&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ec9 C\u00f3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;)&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scripture-principle\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/scripture-principle\/\" >Scripture Principle<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Seal With the Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u1ea5u \u1ea4n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i (II Cor.1:22; Eph.1:13, 4:30).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seal-with-the-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seal-with-the-spirit\/\" >Seal With the Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Second Adam, Christology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Adam Th\u1ee9 II, C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa (Th\u1ebf) H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Chris-tology Second Adam. &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-adam-christology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-adam-christology\/\" >Second Adam, Christology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Second Adam\/ Last Adam&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;A-dam Th\u1ee9 Hai, A-dam Cu\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Qua R\u00f4-ma 5:14; I Cor. 15:45, Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 cho ra 2 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Second Adam\/ Last Adam. \u00dd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 mang s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi Adam th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t - mang s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 t\u1ecf b\u00e0y s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ea7y trong gi\u00e1o l\u00ed C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;Christology&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Irenaeus (C.130-200), \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y qua s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-adam-last-adam\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-adam-last-adam\/\" >Second Adam\/ Last Adam<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Second Coming of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ Tr\u1edf L\u1ea1i L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 2&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa. Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3. S\u1ed1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00e2n l\u00ed, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110CT cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft thay t\u1ed9i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean v\u1edbi l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em theo c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i.\u00a0 Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 sau: (1) Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a trong khi c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 (Math. 24,25; Gi\u0103ng 14:3), \u00a0(2)\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1edd \u0111\u00f3n Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (C\u00f4ng 14:3; 1:11; 3:11; I Tes. 2:19; 3:13; 4:15-17; 3:20; Col. 3:4; II Tim. 4:8, Tit 3:13; Heb. 9:28), (3) M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp r\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ai ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (Gi\u0103ng 14), (4) S\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o! (I Tes. 4). \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, xin xem th\u00eam &lt;em&gt;Tribulation, the Last Day Consummation v\u00e0 Apocalypse&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-coming-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-coming-of-christ\/\" >Second Coming of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Second Council of Nicena (787)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Ni-cen L\u1ea7n II&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 1 H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m chung to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp b\u1edfi Impress Irene nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, b\u00e0 Mary, c\u00e1c thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-council-of-nicena-787\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-council-of-nicena-787\/\" >Second Council of Nicena (787)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Second Death&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 II&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0m Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai, tin Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 l\u1ea7n sinh ra (L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1edfi cha m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n k\u1ebf b\u1edfi t\u00e1i sinh) v\u00e0 1 l\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft. C\u00f2n ai kh\u00f4ng tin Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 1 l\u1ea7n sinh (sinh b\u1edfi cha m\u1eb9) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 2 l\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft (1 l\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n trong h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-death\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-death\/\" >Second Death<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Second Great Awakening&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng L\u1ea7n II&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; Great Awakening II.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-great-awakening\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-great-awakening\/\" >Second Great Awakening<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Second Helvetic Confes-sion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3ng Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Helvetic II&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-helvetic-confes-sion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-helvetic-confes-sion\/\" >Second Helvetic Confes-sion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Second Vatican Council II, 1952&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vatican II, 1952&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; Vatican Council II.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-vatican-council-ii-1952\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/second-vatican-council-ii-1952\/\" >Second Vatican Council II, 1952<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Secular Christology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc Th\u1ebf T\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, \u0111em h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi theo c\u00e1ch g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/secular-christology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/secular-christology\/\" >Secular Christology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Secular Clergy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ebf T\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/secular-clergy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/secular-clergy\/\" >Secular Clergy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Secular Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u1ebf T\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb do Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia D. Bonhoeffer (1906-1945) \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn 1 h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/secular-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/secular-theology\/\" >Secular Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Seekers&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng K\u1ebb T\u00ecm Ki\u1ebfm&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 \u1edf Anh kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, h\u1ecd lang thang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 gia nh\u1eadp. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Quakers. T\u1eeb Seekers ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee7ng cho nh\u1eefng ai thu\u1ed9c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u201cqu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh n\u00e0o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seekers\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seekers\/\" >Seekers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Select\/ Selection&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ecdn\/L\u1ef1a, S\u1ef1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05d7\u05b4\u05d9\u05e8\u05b8\u05bd\u05d9\u05d5&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; (&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;b\u01a1-hi-raw&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;). &lt;\/strong&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong Kinh C\u01af. \u0110CT v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i, Ng\u00e0i l\u1eadp giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi Ab-ram v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i \u00f4ng (D\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean) l\u00e0m d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i (S\u00e1ng 17), r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i s\u1ebd sinh ra \u0110\u1ea5ng ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft thay cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 T\u0111g. Karl Barth c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c trong b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn \u201c&lt;em&gt;Church Dog-matic&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d 7 t\u1eadp. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u201c&lt;em&gt;Election of Jesus Chrrist\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do K. Barth ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng do c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u00fac b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Linh vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 cho nh\u01b0 trong l\u1eddi KT. \u00dd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn: \u0110CT ch\u1ecdn \u00f4ng Ab-ram ra \u0111i kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng b\u00e0 con, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec3n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0110CT sinh ho\u1ea1t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n n\u00e0y, sinh ra Con Ng\u00e0i, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Math 1:21). Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c Ch\u00faa l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t cho c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 M\u00f4i-se. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai M\u00f4i-se \u0111i v\u00e0o y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn Vua Pha-ra-\u00f4n, b\u1ea3o vua ph\u1ea3i cho d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i \u0111i ra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ta (Xu\u1ea5t 3-15). Sau khi l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, qua c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u1edd k\u00ednh Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (\u00ca-sai 65-66; 65:9). \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi T\u01af, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn, D\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa,. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn trong d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 1:11). \u00a0\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, \u201c&lt;em&gt;N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ebd y\u00eau k\u1ebb thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh; nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf\u00a0gian...\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Gi\u0103ng 15:19-20).&lt;br \/&gt;\nCh\u00ednh s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Nh\u01b0ng anh em l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn&lt;\/strong&gt;, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 nh\u00e0 vua, l\u00e0 d\u00e2n th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, h\u1ea7u cho anh em rao gi\u1ea3ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi anh em ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01a1i t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i s\u00e1ng l\u00e1ng l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.\u201d \u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;(I Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 2:9).&lt;em&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb ch\u1ecdn\/l\u1ef1a, cho ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn lao: Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m con c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. V\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn Jesus Chrrist, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Trung B\u1ea3o cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Trung B\u1ea3o n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con Sinh T\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i (S\u00e1ch Heb-r\u01a1 7-8). Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u1ebb k\u1ebf t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u00e3i m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau\u2026 tr\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi. &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Chosen&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/select-selection\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/select-selection\/\" >Select\/ Selection<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Self&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e3, B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;ego (b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3)&lt;\/em&gt; n\u1ed9i th\u1ec3, ti\u1ebfng Anh &lt;em&gt;\u201c&lt;\/em&gt;I&lt;em&gt;\u201d, \u201c&lt;\/em&gt;myself&lt;em&gt;,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia \u0110\u1ee9c b\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecd. Trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec th\u00e2m th\u00fay s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u201cng\u00e3\u201d (&lt;em&gt;self&lt;\/em&gt;) to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i,&lt;em&gt;\u201cK\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n.\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;Ch\u00ednh self (&lt;em&gt;b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;) m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i tham mu\u1ed1n (&lt;em&gt;tham, s\u00e2n, si, h\u0129, n\u1ed9, \u00e1i, \u1ed1\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u00eau tr\u00ean th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong Th\u00e1nh Kinh t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;self &lt;\/em&gt;l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cb\u00ean trong\u201d \u201cc\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u201d (&lt;em&gt;ego&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, th\u00edch l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i; do \u0111\u00f3, \u201cc\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nhu\u1ed1m m\u00f9i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u00e1o g\u1ee1, v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf, hay l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Rom. 3-6). Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft \u0111i c\u00e1i &lt;em&gt;self&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00f3 (b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u0169 - t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i) (Gal. 4, 5). Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, sanh l\u1ea1i (Gi\u0103ng 3; Eph. 5; Rom. 3). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1i \u201c&lt;em&gt;self&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc theo Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh-Linh.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTh\u00e1nh Kinh c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y cho bi\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 3 c\u00e1i \u201cself\u201d (&lt;em&gt;ego&lt;\/em&gt;). (1) \u201cNatural Self\u201d (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Natural Ego&lt;\/em&gt;). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00f4ng A-dam ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, c\u00e1i \u201cself\u201d (&lt;em&gt;b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, ego&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00f4 t\u01b0, trong tr\u1eafng. (2) \u201cPresent Self\u201d (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Current ego&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u00e1i \u201cself hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\u201d \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i chi\u1ebfm ng\u1ef1, \u201cC\u00e1i t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u1ed3i t\u00e0n\u201d (&lt;em&gt;t\u00f4i, t\u1ed9i, t\u1ed1i, t\u1ed3i&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 c\u00e1i present self n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1i self n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed5n t\u00ednh c\u0169\u201d (&lt;em&gt;old self&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi (&lt;em&gt;new self&lt;\/em&gt;) khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa. V\u00e0 th\u1ee9 (3)\u201cSuper Self\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Si\u00eau B\u1ea3n Ng\u1ea3, Super ego&lt;\/em&gt;), l\u00e0 c\u00e1i &lt;em&gt;self&lt;\/em&gt; v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean. C\u00e1i \u201csuper self\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh ban s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00e1i sinh, ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 c\u00e1i b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh c\u0169 (&lt;em&gt;old self&lt;\/em&gt;), bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh m\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;(new self) &lt;\/em&gt;trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y theo Ch\u00faa.&lt;br \/&gt;\nN\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, (1) &lt;strong&gt;B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;natural self&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00f4 t\u01b0), (2) &lt;strong&gt;B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 C\u0169&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;old self&lt;\/em&gt;, \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i), (3) &lt;strong&gt;B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 M\u1edbi&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;new self&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u00e1i sanh trong Ch\u00faa). N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i \u201cSuper Self&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;super ego&lt;\/em&gt;) hay \u201cNew Self\u201d (&lt;em&gt;new ego&lt;\/em&gt;) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh t\u00e1i sinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self\/\" >Self<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Self Consciousness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 qua ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4n ngoan b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ai! V\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eadn\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-consciousness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-consciousness\/\" >Self Consciousness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Self deceit\/ Self-deception&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 L\u1eeba&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 cao v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-deceit-self-deception\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-deceit-self-deception\/\" >Self deceit\/ Self-deception<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Self-actualization&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Nh\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i &lt;em&gt;self&lt;\/em&gt; th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, thi\u1ebfu b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-actualization\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-actualization\/\" >Self-actualization<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Self-denial&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1eeb Ch\u1ed1i \/\/, V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, Phi Ng\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Xem m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy sinh cho tha nh\u00e2n. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u1ee8\u01a1c, Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3, &lt;em&gt;\u201cai mu\u1ed1n theo Ch\u00faa th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh; v\u00e1c th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 theo Ng\u00e0i\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Mat. 16:24tt; M\u00e1c 8:34; Tit 2:12). T\u1eeb n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Con Tr\u1eddi) xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, t\u1eeb cao h\u01a1n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Self-emptiness&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Xem th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Kenosis&lt;\/strong&gt;) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cao c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Jesus t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-denial\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-denial\/\" >Self-denial<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Self-determination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Quy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o chi ph\u1ed1i. Ch\u1eb5ng h\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u201cxu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf\u201d c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-determination\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-determination\/\" >Self-determination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Self-esteem&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Tr\u1ecdng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ai ch\u00ea c\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o qua c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-esteem\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-esteem\/\" >Self-esteem<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Self-existence of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi T\u1ef1 H\u1eefu T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ef1 h\u1eefu t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u do ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y hay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-existence-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-existence-of-god\/\" >Self-existence of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Self-justification&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 X\u01b0ng C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh trong tr\u1eafng, trong s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Luc.10:2a).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-justification\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-justification\/\" >Self-justification<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Self-love&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Y\u00eau Ch\u00ednh M\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ef1 s\u0103n s\u00f3c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y trong l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa (Lev. 19:18; Math. 19:19; 22:39; Gal. 5:14). Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 y\u00eau ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m. Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n d\u1ea1y \u201chi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng\u201d (&lt;em&gt;fellowship&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau (Math. 19:19; 22:39). S\u0103n s\u00f3c cho nhau nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh (II Cor. 12:20; Phil. 2:3; Sa-mu-\u00ean 3:14&lt;em&gt;, &lt;\/em&gt;16). Ngay c\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec7n gia \u0111\u00ecnh, y\u00eau v\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng con th\u00ec \u201c&lt;em&gt;Self-love&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n (Eph. 5: 28).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-love\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-love\/\" >Self-love<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Self-revelation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh Ng\u00e0i cho lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb, th\u00ec lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng sao hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 qua Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-revelation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-revelation\/\" >Self-revelation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Self-righteousness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 X\u01b0ng C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-righteousness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-righteousness\/\" >Self-righteousness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Self-understanding&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec3u V\u1ec1 M\u00ecnh, T\u1ef1 Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-understanding\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/self-understanding\/\" >Self-understanding<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Selfishment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00cdch K\u1ec9 B\u1ed5n T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 cho m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n chia cho ai, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ai c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y (Ma-thi-\u01a1 19:19; \u00a022:39).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/selfishment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/selfishment\/\" >Selfishment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Semi-Arianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft B\u00e1n Arius&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong th\u1eddi gian, Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Arius n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 \u1edf B\u1eafc Phi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u01b0a kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Sau Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Nicean 325AD, Athanasius tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Con c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh (&lt;em&gt;homoousios, essence&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Cha v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Logos, the Christ (&lt;em&gt;Orthodoxy view&lt;\/em&gt;). Arius cho r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean s\u1ee9) n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;substance&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Cha, t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;anomoios&lt;\/em&gt;.\u00a0 R\u1ed3i sau, c\u00f3 th\u00eam 1 nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c (nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 3) \u201c&lt;em&gt;Semi-Arianism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d kh\u00f4ng theo \u00fd n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Con c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Cha, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;homoiousios,&lt;\/em&gt; nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;being&lt;\/em&gt;). H\u1ecd g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ee9c Con l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ecd t\u1ea1o,\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Cha.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/semi-arianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/semi-arianism\/\" >Semi-Arianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Semi-Augustinianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed B\u00e1n Augustine&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 --v\u1edbi Conncil Orange (529) (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Orange&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Augustine (354-430) v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft c\u00f9a Pelagius, th\u1ea7y tu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh cho r\u1eb1ng \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c! \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Angustine \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n cao c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb (b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/semi-augustinianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/semi-augustinianism\/\" >Semi-Augustinianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Semi-Pelagianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft B\u00e1n Pelagius, 427 AD&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u00fd \u1edf gi\u1eefa (dung h\u00f2a) 2 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Augustine (354-430AD) v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Pelagius (D.c 420), do Gohan Cassian (C.360-435) d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do \u00fd ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn. \u00dd n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u00ean \u00e1n trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Orange (529AD). D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (J. Calvin).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/semi-pelagianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/semi-pelagianism\/\" >Semi-Pelagianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Seminary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o\/gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. \u1ede Hoa K\u1ef3 (HK) th\u00ec t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Seminary&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;Theological Sem&lt;\/em&gt;inary hay &lt;em&gt;Biblical Seminary&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;, n\u01a1i d\u1ea1y t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p cao h\u1ecdc (sau c\u1eed nh\u00e2n) tr\u1edf l\u00ean Th\u1ea1c S\u0129 (Master) v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 (Doctor). C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng &lt;em&gt;Bible College\/ University&lt;\/em&gt; ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho b\u1eadc c\u1eed nh\u00e2n, cao h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c &lt;em&gt;Bible Institute&lt;\/em&gt; g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec3u Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng 2 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea5p C\u1eed Nh\u00e2n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. Ri\u00eang \u1edf Anh c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, &lt;em&gt;Bible College&lt;\/em&gt; c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;. V\u00ec qu\u00e1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 l\u00e2u n\u0103m nh\u01b0 London College, Oxfoxd College\u2026l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u1eebng danh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 lu\u00f4n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn s\u0129. \u1ede \u0110\u1ee9c c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Tubingen University, Basel University, Halle College\u2026 C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n hay \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seminary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seminary\/\" >Seminary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sens, Council of (1140 AD)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Sens, 1140 AD&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp b\u1edfi Bernard of Chairvaux (1090-1153AD), tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng tu \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o t\u00e1i ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng\u00a0 d\u00f2ng tu Benedictine, \u00a0t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Peter Abelard (1079-1142AD), v\u00ec \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y sai, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd Ba Ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u00f9a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sens-council-of-1140-ad\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sens-council-of-1140-ad\/\" >Sens, Council of (1140 AD)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sense of Divinity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea3m Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ea7n Linh, Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Sensus Divinitatis&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c, t\u1eeb trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh, th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n th\u1edd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia John Calvin (1509-1564) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t hay c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Cho n\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1ea3m Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Sense of Deity&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sense-of-divinity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sense-of-divinity\/\" >Sense of Divinity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sense of Scripture&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea3m Nh\u1eadn Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 khi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a TK. V\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u qua c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda, ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.v.v... Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb v\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn l\u1edbn cho s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sense-of-scripture\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sense-of-scripture\/\" >Sense of Scripture<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Separation of Church and State&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e2n C\u00e1ch Gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o (H\u1ed9i) Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c Gia&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi nhau. Gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00edn l\u00ed, t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n Th\u00e1nh Linh, c\u00f2n ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. C\u1ea3 hai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean. Ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, hay truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1ea1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/separation-of-church-and-state\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/separation-of-church-and-state\/\" >Separation of Church and State<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Separatism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft T\u00e1ch R\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u1eef c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i nam. T\u1eeb tr\u00ean c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh \u1edf Anh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; -17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/separatism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/separatism\/\" >Separatism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Septuagint (LXX)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh 70&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Kinh 70, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 (Nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n Ti\u1ebfng Hebrew, C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Israel) ra ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p (Ti\u1ebfng Greek) d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Alexandre the Great, 250 BC). V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p; do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng cho ch\u1ecdn ra 70 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Kinh 70 (&lt;em&gt;Septuagint, LXX&lt;\/em&gt;). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 trong kho\u1ea3ng 1 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ch\u00faa Jesus sinh ra, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Kinh (&lt;em&gt;Apocrypha&lt;\/em&gt;), bao g\u1ed3m 12 s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i sau th\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 Ba-by-lon t\u1eeb n\u0103m 444 BC. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9 Kinh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn danh Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng ch\u0103n d\u1eaft d\u00e2n It-ra-en. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9 Kinh n\u00e0y v\u00e0o quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/septuagint-lxx\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/septuagint-lxx\/\" >Septuagint (LXX)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sermon on the Mount&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e0i Gi\u1ea3ng Tr\u00ean N\u00fai&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u1eef Sermon t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Sermo&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cconversation&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; hay \u201cdiscourse\u201d l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1eddi Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mang l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa rao ra cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft. B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;Sermon On the Mount&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (B\u00e0i Gi\u1ea3ng Tr\u00ean N\u00fai), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i d\u1ea1y d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus m\u00e0 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3 Ma-thi-\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i qua 3 \u0111o\u1ea1n 5, 6, 7 trong s\u00e1ch Ma-thi-\u01a1. Ba \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 111 c\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf, t\u00f9y theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch nh\u01b0: C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0nh, Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p, Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Con C\u00e1i Ch\u00faa, S\u1ef1 C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n, \u2026 B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong s\u00e1ch Lu-ca 6:20-49 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Sermon On the Plain&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (B\u00e0i Gi\u1ea3ng Tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3ng&lt;em&gt;), v&lt;\/em&gt;\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ai theo Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u201c&lt;em&gt;N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c cao c\u1ee7a \u201c&lt;em&gt;N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d c\u1ee7a Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 th\u1ebf!&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sermon-on-the-mount\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sermon-on-the-mount\/\" >Sermon on the Mount<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Servant&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;K\u1ebb T\u00f4i T\u1edb \u0110au \u0110\u1edbn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a 1 k\u1ebb t\u00f4i t\u1edb ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1edbn \u0111au m\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri \u00ca-sai (52:13-53:12) \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. \u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n dung th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus khi ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i G\u00f4-g\u00f4-tha, ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 h\u00ecnh n\u01a1i h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c. B\u00e0i ca \u201c\u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7i \u201cth\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1edb nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa (M\u00e1c 10:45, Luca 23:44, Gi\u0103ng 17:1tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/servant\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/servant\/\" >Servant<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Servant of the Lord&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4i T\u1edb Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u201cServant\u201d ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;\u00e8b\u00e8d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;doulos,&lt;\/em&gt; trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 (&lt;em&gt;slaver&lt;\/em&gt;), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cquy\u1ec1n\u201d l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay l\u00e0 \u201cquy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.\u201d T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Th\u00e1nh Kinh mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m con \u00f4ng Tr\u1eddi, v\u00ec khi A-dam ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a 1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi - con Tr\u1eddi (Math. 6:24; 10:24, 24:45; Gal. 4:21tt). Sau n\u00e0y, T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Christian&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Nh\u00e2n, Krit-t\u00f4 H\u1eefu), c\u0169ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cServant&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1edb, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh (I Cor. 4:1; Phil. 1:1). Qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u201cServant of the Lord\u201d (&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4i T\u1edb Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ai d\u00e2ng tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Ph\u1ee5c 34:5; Luc.1:38). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi M\u00f4i-se. Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u201c&lt;em&gt;M\u00f4i-se, t\u00f4i t\u1edb Ta&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Ph\u1ee5c 35:5), r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri, th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng ai ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ng\u00e0i. Ti\u00ean tri \u00ca-sai c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u201ct\u00f4i t\u1edb\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, v\u1eeba th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n v\u1eeba cao tr\u1ecdng; v\u1eeba t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 v\u1eeba cao sang v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u201ct\u00f4i t\u1edb\u201d (Esai 42:1; 49:1-6; 50:4-9; 52:13-53;12).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/servant-of-the-lord\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/servant-of-the-lord\/\" >Servant of the Lord<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Servant Songs&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e0i Ca T\u00f4i T\u1edb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f3 4 ph\u1ea7n trong S\u00e1ch \u00ca-sai (Esai 42:1-4; 49:1-6; 50:4-9; 52:13-53; 13) di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u00f4i t\u1edb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c Gia Israel trong vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/servant-songs\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/servant-songs\/\" >Servant Songs<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Serve&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ee5c V\u1ee5, H\u1ea7u Vi\u1ec7c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc d\u00f9ng cho t\u00f4i t\u1edb, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, h\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c cho ch\u1ee7 m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng ai ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 b\u1edfi Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (Gal. 5:13; I Cor. 9:19; II Cor. 4:5).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/serve\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/serve\/\" >Serve<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Seven Council, the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3y Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;G\u1ed3m 7 H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 325 AD (Nicence) \u0111\u1ebfn 787 AD. N\u1ed9i dung t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a 7 Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 minh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110CT: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha,\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con (Jesus Christ) v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u00edn l\u00fd s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu. Sau 7 l\u1ea7n Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh trong ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u00f5i \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Phi\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seven-council-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seven-council-the\/\" >Seven Council, the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3y M\u00f3n Qu\u00e0 C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong b\u1ea3n kinh ti\u1ebfng La-tin c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 7 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh: Kh\u00f4n Ngoan, Hi\u1ec1u Bi\u1ebft, C\u1ed1 V\u1ea5n, D\u0169ng C\u1ea3m, Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c, Trong S\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 K\u00ednh S\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seven-gifts-of-the-holy-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seven-gifts-of-the-holy-spirit\/\" >Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Seven Last Words of Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3y L\u1eddi Cu\u1ed1i C\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00f3m g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb khi Ch\u00faa b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn khi Ch\u00faa ch\u1ebft, c\u00f3 7 l\u1ea7n, Ch\u00faa n\u00f3i: Math. 27, 46; Luc. 23:34, 43, 46; Gi\u0103ng 19:26-27, 28, 30.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seven-last-words-of-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seven-last-words-of-jesus\/\" >Seven Last Words of Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Seven Virtues&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3y \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ea1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Tin, Hy V\u1ecdng, B\u00e1c \u00c1i, Trung T\u00edn, C\u00f4ng B\u1eb1ng, H\u00f2a Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 D\u0169ng C\u1ea3m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seven-virtues\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seven-virtues\/\" >Seven Virtues<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Seven Words from the Cross&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3y L\u1eddi Cu\u1ed1i Tr\u00ean Th\u1eadp Gi\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seven-words-from-the-cross\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seven-words-from-the-cross\/\" >Seven Words from the Cross<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Seventh-day Advertism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb chung \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y (&lt;em&gt;t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t theo C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111ang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong thi\u00ean ni\u00ean ch\u00fang ta: The Advent Christian Church, The Primitive Advent Church, The Church of God (or The Church of God In Christ Jesus), The Seventh Day Adventists (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ph\u1ee5c L\u00e2m An Th\u1ea5t Nh\u1eadt)&lt;\/em&gt;. Kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y do M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 William Miller (GH B\u00e1p-t\u00edt), \u1edf New York, trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1830\u2019s gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. \u00d4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus s\u1ebd t\u00e1i l\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y trong n\u0103m 1843-44, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 22\/10\/1844. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00edn h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m v\u1eabn tin l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, sau \u201ccu\u1ed9c b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d (&lt;em&gt;great disappointment&lt;\/em&gt;), h\u1ecd \u0111i v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n t\u00e2y b\u1eafc. V\u1ec1 sau, h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1844, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Hiram Edson, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 Ellen G. Harmon &amp; Ellen (Harmon) White, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Miller, \u1edf Portland. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh n\u00f3i chung xem h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e0 gi\u00e1o.\u201d\u00a0 V\u1ec1 sau, cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990\u2019s sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn l\u00ed, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay li\u00ean h\u1eefu trong ni\u1ec1m tin.\u00a0 Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn gi\u1eef ng\u00e0y Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa v\u00e0o Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y (theo ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o), tin ch\u1eafc T\u00edn L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i, s\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 L\u1eddi \u0110CT. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u00fa t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia-\u0111\u00ecnh, th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem, chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i 1000 n\u0103m b\u00ecnh an, s\u1ef1 an ngh\u1ec9 linh h\u1ed3n, ki\u00eang \u0103n, c\u1eed u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ki\u00eang c\u1eed m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n kh\u00e1c. Qua Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Ph\u1ee5c L\u00e2m \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u01a1-\u0111\u1ed1c Ph\u1ee5c L\u00e2m c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o qua Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1930\u2019s, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1932 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1937, \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb3ng. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh trong kh\u1eafp ba mi\u1ec1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1954, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Ph\u1ee5c L\u00e2m An Th\u1ea5t Nh\u1eadt. Sau n\u0103m 1975, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Ph\u00fac \u00c2m (CMA), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn qua Nh\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u01a1-\u0110\u1ed1c Ph\u1ee5c L\u00e2m \u1edf S\u00e0i-g\u00f2n. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1989, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng t\u00edn h\u1eefu t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u01b0c t\u00e1i m\u1edf \u1edf Sai-g\u00f2n, trong v\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i nh\u00f3m trong v\u00f2ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u00e2n T\u1ed9c (&lt;em&gt;Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;) Cao Nguy\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seventh-day-advertism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seventh-day-advertism\/\" >Seventh-day Advertism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Seventy Week&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3y M\u01b0\u01a1i Tu\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i trong s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri \u0110a-ni-\u00ean 9:20-27, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u0110\u1ea5ng \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Messiah&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb \u0111em \u0111i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u201c70 tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5.\u201d Th\u1eadt ra \u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Ti\u00ean Tri Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi, th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb Ti\u00ean Tri Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi 25:11tt. V\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi \u00fd tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, n\u0103m 70AD, th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eaby ra y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seventy-week\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/seventy-week\/\" >Seventy Week<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sex&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ed1ng T\u00ednh, T\u00ecnh D\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 N\u1eef. Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho bi\u1ebft v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef (2 gi\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau) l\u1ea5y nhau, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau, sinh s\u1ea3n th\u00eam con c\u00e1i. \u201cSex\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p (&lt;em&gt;intercourse&lt;\/em&gt;) gi\u1eefa nam (&lt;em&gt;ch\u1ed3ng&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 n\u1eef (&lt;em&gt;v\u1ee3&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng (S\u00e1ng 1:27-28, 2:24; Eph. 5:31). \u201cSex\u201d (&lt;em&gt;t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;) ngo\u00e0i h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sex\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sex\/\" >Sex<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sexism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t Gi\u1edbi T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 2 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh. Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o N\u1eef Gi\u1edbi (&lt;em&gt;Feminist Theology&lt;\/em&gt;) lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u1eef gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng tr\u1ecdng; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sexism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sexism\/\" >Sexism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sexual Ethics\/ Sexual Morality&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u00e2n L\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00ecnh D\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gia \u0111\u00ecnh nam n\u1eef v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. Trong th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 d\u1ea1y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, g\u1ed3m 1 nam 1 n\u1eef. Ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sexual-ethics-sexual-morality\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sexual-ethics-sexual-morality\/\" >Sexual Ethics\/ Sexual Morality<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Shakes&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Shakers hay Quakers&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p T\u00edn H\u1eefu (&lt;em&gt;United Society of Believers)&lt;\/em&gt; trong ni\u1ec1m tin \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u0111ang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 II. H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi Jane v\u00e0 James Wordley \u1edf Anh Qu\u1ed1c (1747). Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cShaking Quaker\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Em Quakers N\u1ed5i D\u1eady)&lt;\/em&gt;, tin v\u00e0o thi\u00ean ni\u00ean th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh. V\u1ec1 sau, h\u1ecd di d\u00e2n sang M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u201cC\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i.\u201d \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecd gi\u1eef l\u1ec5 nghi r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao ri\u00eang v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa \u00f4n ho\u00e0, ca h\u00e1t, nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa v\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u0111ang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 n\u1eef gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/shakes\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/shakes\/\" >Shakes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Shama, The&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u00e3y Nghe, L\u1eafng Nghe&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;shama&lt;\/em&gt; (hear), &lt;em&gt;It-ra-\u00ean sha-ma&lt;\/em&gt; (H\u1ee1i It-ra-\u00ean h\u00e3y nghe) (Ph\u1ee5c 6:4), t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f9a Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong t\u01b0 gia v\u00e0 \u201cSynagogue\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e0 H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i trong s\u1ef1 th\u1edd k\u00ednh m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ch\u00e2n Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n N\u0103ng (D\u00e2n 6:4-9; 11:13-21; D\u00e2n 15:37-41).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/shama-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/shama-the\/\" >Shama, The<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sheol&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u05e9\u05b0\u05c1\u05d0\u05a3\u05d5\u05b9\u05dc (&lt;em&gt;se-owl, sheol&lt;\/em&gt;) &lt;em&gt;\u00c2m Ph\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u00c2m Ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn (I C\u00e1c 2:6; Ch\u00e2m 9:18; Kh\u1ea3i 20). T\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang Anh Ng\u1eef l\u00e0 \u201cgrave\u201d, \u201cpit\u201d or \u201chell\u201d (&lt;em&gt;\u00e2m ph\u1ee7, h\u1ed1 th\u1eb3m &lt;\/em&gt;hay&lt;em&gt; h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c, ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;) (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam trong s\u00e1ch Gi\u00f3p 17:13-16). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n sang ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 \u1f85\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u201c&lt;em&gt;hades,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Kh\u1ea3i 20:13) n\u01a1i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Trong KT v\u00e0 Anh Ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa \u201c\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c\u201d hay \u201ch\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c\u201d (&lt;em&gt;sheol &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0&lt;em&gt; hell&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u1ea3 hai g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Ri\u00eang c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;sheol &lt;\/em&gt;l\u00e0 \u201cgrave\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;hell&lt;\/em&gt; n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u201ceternal fire.\u201d Ch\u00fang ta, trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u201c\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u00e2m ph\u1ee7\u201d: &lt;em&gt;sheol&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, c\u00f2n &lt;em&gt;hell&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 \u00e2m ph\u1ee7, h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft ch\u1edd ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i (n\u01a1i ch\u00f4n x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, c\u0169ng t\u1ea1m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c), c\u00f2n \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ed3 l\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00e1ch \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n (&lt;em&gt;final judgement&lt;\/em&gt;) cho nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Con Tr\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u kinh \u1edf S\u00e1ch Gi\u0103ng 3:16; Kh\u1ea3i 20:13. Trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, nh\u1eefng ai th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng tin nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0o ch\u1ed1n \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a (Gi\u0103ng 3:16). &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Hell&lt;\/strong&gt;. (Ma-thi-\u01a1 5:29,30; Mac 5:29).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sheol\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sheol\/\" >Sheol<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Shepherd&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103n Chi\u00ean\/ C\u1eebu, M\u1ee5c T\u1eed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Poim\u00e8n&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin &lt;em&gt;Pastor&lt;\/em&gt;, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n s\u00f3c c\u00e1c con chi\u00ean. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 \u201ckhi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cs\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t\u201d c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n It-ra-en (v\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) (Thi 23; Esai 40:21, Exe. 34). Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc t\u1eeb n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Jesus (Gi\u0103ng 10:11tt).\u00a0 Ti\u1ebfng Anh\/ M\u1ef9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;pastor&lt;\/em&gt; theo ti\u1ebfng La-tin (Eph. 4:11, I Phi. 5:1-4).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/shepherd\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/shepherd\/\" >Shepherd<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Shepherd Move-ment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o Ch\u0103n B\u1ea7y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c anh em trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh c\u1ea3 tinh th\u1ea7n, t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong Vi\u1ec7t Ng\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch sang l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0, m\u1ee5c t\u1eed, m\u1ee5c s\u0129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n b\u1ea7y, t\u00f4i t\u1edb ch\u0103n b\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a \u0110CT.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/shepherd-move-ment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/shepherd-move-ment\/\" >Shepherd Move-ment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Shroud, Holy (Shroud of Turin)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ea5m V\u1ea3i Li\u1ec7m Turin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 1 t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Th\u00e1nh \u0110i\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Turin \u1edf \u00dd. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ch\u00ednh t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng li\u1ec7m x\u00e1c Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. Tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i c\u00f3 in h\u00ecnh (d\u00e1ng) c\u1ee7a 1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 (negative). Qua s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i li\u1ec7m n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o Th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12-16; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Jesus, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thu h\u00fat cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/shroud-holy-shroud-of-turin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/shroud-holy-shroud-of-turin\/\" >Shroud, Holy (Shroud of Turin)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sign of Peace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u1ea5u Hi\u1ec7u H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9, nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. Nh\u1eefng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u1eaft tay, \u00f4m h\u00f4n, h\u00f4n th\u00e1nh, ch\u00e0o, v\u1eaby tay .v.v\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sign-of-peace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sign-of-peace\/\" >Sign of Peace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sign(s)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u1ea5u, D\u1ea5u Hi\u1ec7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Signum&lt;\/em&gt;, Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Simeios&lt;\/em&gt; (d\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9ng, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7u). N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7u n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00fd tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Trong Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, s\u00e1ch Gi\u0103ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn 7 l\u1ea7n (&lt;em&gt;7 signs&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 Christ, \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng thi th\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Con M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Th\u00e1nh Augustine (354-430), xem c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch (&lt;em&gt;sacraments&lt;\/em&gt;) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cVisible Signs of Divine Things\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng D\u1ea5u Ch\u1ee9ng Th\u1ea5y \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u1eefng Vi\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/signs\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/signs\/\" >Sign(s)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Signs&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u1ea5u Ch\u1ec9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, d\u1ea5u k\u1ef3, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1 l\u1edbn x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f4m nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/signs-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/signs-2\/\" >Signs<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Signs of Revelation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng \u1ea4n Ch\u1ee9ng Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi d\u00f9ng qua nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb, \u1ea5n d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia K. Barth (1886-1968) d\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t uy\u00ean th\u00e2m qua s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/signs-of-revelation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/signs-of-revelation\/\" >Signs of Revelation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Simites&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u00e2n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ed5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Akkadian, Hebrews, Phoenician, Ara-maic v\u00e0 Arabic. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Sy-ria, Ba-by-lon, Aramaea, Ca-na-an hay l\u00e0 Phoenica. V\u1ec1 sau, gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hebrews v\u00e0 Arabis l\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/simites\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/simites\/\" >Simites<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Simony&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 t\u1eeb mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho vi\u1ec7c mua b\u00e1n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/simony\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/simony\/\" >Simony<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Simony Magnus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;T\u00ean c\u1ee7a 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa khi th\u1ea5y Phao-l\u00f4 qua n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh. \u00d4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c (C\u00f4ng 8:18-24).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/simony-magnus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/simony-magnus\/\" >Simony Magnus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u05d7\u05b7\u05d8\u05b8\u05bc\u05a3\u05d0\u05ea &lt;\/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;hat-tat&lt;\/em&gt;) &lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i, T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i, C\u00f3 T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong KT \u1edf S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 4:7, \u201c&lt;em&gt;N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, h\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng ng\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t l\u00ean sao? C\u00f2n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, th\u00ec &lt;strong&gt;t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i&lt;\/strong&gt; r\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda, th\u00e8m ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u1eafm; nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb n\u00f3,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;l\u00e0 khi Ca-in \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ebft A-b\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i hay l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\u201d l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a OB A-dam v\u00e0 \u00ca-va. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u201c\u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u1ea5m\u201d trong v\u01b0\u1eddn Eden. T\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c \u201c\u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u1ea5m\u201d l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gian?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201c\u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u1ea5m\u201d nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u201ct\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eadu qu\u1ea3\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. C\u00e1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Kh\u00f4ng V\u00e2ng L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d V\u00ec Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n d\u1eb7n r\u00f5, \u201c&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0103n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u00e1i trong v\u01b0\u1eddn, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2y bi\u1ebft \u201cThi\u1ec7n \u00c1c\u201d th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng \u0103n, v\u00ec khi \u0103n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u1ebft.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (S\u00e1ng 3:12). C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cc\u00e1i ch\u1ebft\u201d Ab\u00ean, do Ca-in, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201ckh\u00f4ng nghe l\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.\u201d \u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 4:7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nH\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u201ctr\u00e1i c\u1ea5m\u201d nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1edb k\u1ef7, \u0110CT kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y \u201cThi\u1ec7n \u00c1c\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e2y \u201cS\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng\u201d n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu OB Adam, \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u201cS\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng\u201d th\u00ec th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111i\u2026 kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?.. nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u201ckh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111au kh\u1ed5\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec \u0110CT cho ph\u00e9p \u0103n.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nH\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201c\u0103n\u201d l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa\u201d, n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft\u201d, v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, c\u00f3 \u201cs\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a OB A-dam. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc, r\u1eb1ng: t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111i n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cs\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cho\u1ea3 ng\u1ee5c\u201d l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y Th\u00e1nh Kinh sau n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u00fang \u00a0\u201c10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i: (1) B\u1ea5t v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; (2) Tr\u1eadt m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; (3) Vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n d\u1ea1y; (4) X\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; (5) L\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ba \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Kinh Th\u00e1nh (S\u00e1ng 3, 4; Xu\u1ea5t 20:1-11; Ph\u1ee5c 34:6). Hai \u0111i\u1ec1u sau, trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (Xu\u1ea5t 20:12-16; S\u00e1ng:1-20; L\u00eav.1-7, D\u00e2n 1-29). \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: (1) \u201c&lt;em&gt;V\u00ec ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Rom 3:23).\u00a0 (2) \u201c&lt;em&gt;V\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, thi\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 vinh hi\u1ec3n\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Rom 6:23), (3) \u201c&lt;em&gt;Theo nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Heb. 9:27). (4)\u00a0 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f2a \u00e1n tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t (Kh\u1ea3i 20:11-15). T\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho d\u00f9 m\u1ea1nh s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00ed do d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, \u00fd ch\u00ed, kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u201cthi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c\u201d trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, do d\u00f3: \u00a0(1) T\u00e2m t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi tr\u00e1i l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa r\u1ed3i, \u201c&lt;em&gt;l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u lu\u00f4n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (S\u00e1ng 6:1), (2) Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f2ng sinh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng \u201ct\u1eed\u201d ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ebft,\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n, (3) v\u00ec \u201c&lt;em&gt;ch\u1eb3ng ai l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh, d\u1eabu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Thi 14:1-3; 53:3b; Rom 3:10-15). Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTuy nhi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i: (1) \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tha t\u1ed9i, (2) \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh, (3) \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m con, (4) \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 (5) \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh hi\u1ec3n trong ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1edd k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Cha ch\u00fang ta.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sin\/\" >Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sin Against the Holy Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i Ph\u1ea1m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Ch\u1ed1ng L\u1ea1i) V\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tha th\u1ee9\u00a0\u00a0 (Math.12:31-32; Mac 3:28-29; Luc. 12:10).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sin-against-the-holy-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sin-against-the-holy-spirit\/\" >Sin Against the Holy Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sin of Offering&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee7a D\u00e2ng T\u1ebf Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n It-ra-en (L\u00eav. 4: 4; 23, 28, 32; 5:7).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sin-of-offering\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sin-of-offering\/\" >Sin of Offering<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sin Social&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sin-social\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sin-social\/\" >Sin Social<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Single Predestination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u01a1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ai nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi Infralap-sarianism. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean do Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia John Calvin di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i trong s\u00e1ch t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (&lt;em&gt;Institutes&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, Tin L\u00e0nh g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/single-predestination\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/single-predestination\/\" >Single Predestination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Single Procession of the Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1t Sinh \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, trong khi tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh\/ sinh ra c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ec9nh Ch\u00faa (&lt;em&gt;Godhead&lt;\/em&gt;), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra (&lt;em&gt;Proceeds Only &lt;strong&gt;from &lt;\/strong&gt;The Father, GN 381&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sinh ra t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con\u201d (Lat. &lt;em&gt;Filiogue &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;\/strong&gt; the Son&lt;\/em&gt;) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m chia r\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (&lt;em&gt;GH Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (&lt;em&gt;GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1054 AD.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/single-procession-of-the-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/single-procession-of-the-spirit\/\" >Single Procession of the Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sinlessness of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ V\u00f4 T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00edn l\u00ed tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i mang th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. C\u00f3 3 t\u00edn l\u00ed ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn: (1) Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Con M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, (2) Ng\u00e0i sinh b\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, (3) Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha (II Cor. 5:21; Heb. 4:15; I Gi\u0103ng 3:5) v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o Council of Chalcedon, 451 AD).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sinlessness-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sinlessness-of-christ\/\" >Sinlessness of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sins of  Ignorance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i V\u00f4 \u00dd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd. Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 7 th\u00e0nh \u1ea9n n\u00e1u, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 48 th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i (D\u00e2n 35:9-34; Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea 20).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sins-of-ignorance\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sins-of-ignorance\/\" >Sins of  Ignorance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sins of Commission&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i Ti\u1ebfp T\u1ee5c Ph\u1ea1m, T\u1ed9i Qu\u00e1n T\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1ed9i t\u1ecf ra ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;sins of omission&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sins-of-commission\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sins-of-commission\/\" >Sins of Commission<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sins of Omission&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i B\u1ecf S\u00f3t Kh\u00f4ng L\u00e0m, T\u1ed9i L\u00e0m Sai&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Math. 25: 41-48&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sins-of-omission\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sins-of-omission\/\" >Sins of Omission<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sins, Seven Deadly&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;7 T\u1ed9i Ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea 7 t\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u1ef1 cao,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d\u00a0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d\u00a0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d\u00a0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;ganh gh\u00e9t,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;tham mu\u1ed1n,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d &lt;em&gt;\u201cgi\u1eadn h\u1eddn\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Sloth).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sins-seven-deadly\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sins-seven-deadly\/\" >Sins, Seven Deadly<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sitz-im Leben&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ef1c Tr\u1ea1ng, \u0110\u00e3 S\u1eafp \u0110\u1ecbnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c \u201cSetting in life\u201d (&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng)&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i kinh, nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u1ec1n v\u0103n v\u00e0 h\u1eadu v\u0103n m\u1ea1ch nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o! Th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady!&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sitz-im-leben\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sitz-im-leben\/\" >Sitz-im Leben<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Six Articles, The (1539)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1u B\u1ea3n Qui \u01af\u1edbc, 1539&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n S\u00e1u Quy \u01af\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Tin (Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean B\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ee9c Tin (&lt;em&gt;Confession&lt;\/em&gt;)), h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf Anh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Qu\u1ed1c do Vua Henry VIII, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111em s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh khi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh Anh Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 S\u00e1u B\u1ea3n Qui \u01af\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Tin. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm v\u1edbi GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n 10 Quy \u01af\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Tin n\u0103m 1536.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/six-articles-the-1539\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/six-articles-the-1539\/\" >Six Articles, The (1539)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Skepticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Ho\u00e0i Nghi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Skeptikos&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;Scepticus&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Thoughtfull, Inquiring)&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m nghi ng\u1edd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, si\u00eau h\u00ecnh hay h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ren\u00e9 Descard (1596 \u2013 1650). \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cho\u00e0i nghi\u201d t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh. H\u1ecd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00f3 \u201c\u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao\u201d: \u201c&lt;em&gt;I doubt, therefore I think; I think, therefore I am&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4i nghi ng\u1edd, v\u1eady t\u00f4i suy ngh\u0129; t\u00f4i suy ngh\u0129, v\u1eady c\u00f3 t\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong ni\u1ec1m tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o cao c\u1ea3, th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o ai c\u1ea3\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tin v\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0: \u0110\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5ng, L\u00e3o, Ph\u1eadt trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n th\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, cho d\u00f9 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hay c\u1ee1 n\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 &lt;em&gt;(Ultimate Being - Creator&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u1eady th\u00ec, t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 Ch\u00e2u h\u1ecd xem t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u2026 qua t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/skepticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/skepticism\/\" >Skepticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Slander&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ec9 B\u00e1ng, N\u00f3i X\u1ea5u, Vu Kh\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Scandalum&lt;\/em&gt; \u201ccause of offense\u201d (&lt;em&gt;t\u1ea1o cho ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ra l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m uy t\u00edn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o (Thi 15:3, Math.15:19). Kinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u00f3i c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i th\u00eam hay b\u1edbt, n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u, x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ed9t ai hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c ai (Math.7:1-5). Slander l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa, c\u1ea7n \u0103n n\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha th\u1ee9.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/slander\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/slander\/\" >Slander<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Slavery&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ed9&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;N\u00f4 L\u1ec7, T\u00f4i M\u1ecdi, T\u00f4i T\u1edb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mua b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n bu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c La-m\u00e3 100BC-100AD. V\u1ec1 sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi La-m\u00e3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;doulos&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cservant or slavery.&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai h\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 anh em. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1ee5c&lt;strong&gt; Servant)&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/slavery\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/slavery\/\" >Slavery<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Small Catechism, Luther\u2019s (1529)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Small Catechism, Luther\u2019s&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(1529)&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u00e1ch T\u00edn L\u00ed Y\u1ebfu Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Martin Luther d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 r\u00f5 ni\u1ec1m tin cho nh\u1eefng ai theo \u00f4ng khi \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 trong Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Large Catechism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 (1529). Hai s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gom chung trong \u201c&lt;em&gt;Book of Concord&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d 1580 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/small-catechism-luthers-1529\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/small-catechism-luthers-1529\/\" >Small Catechism, Luther\u2019s (1529)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Small Group Moverment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o Nh\u00f3m Nh\u1ecf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970\u2019s \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: (1) T\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao g\u1ea7n g\u0169i Ch\u00faa qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, b\u1ed3i linh, chia s\u1ebb ni\u1ec1m tin, (2) T\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Hoa K\u1ef3. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. Qua c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n (&lt;em&gt;Assembly of God&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0n, do M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Jong Paul Cho \u1edf H\u00e1n Th\u00e0nh, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qua s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, h\u1ecdc kinh th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (&lt;em&gt;cell group&lt;\/em&gt;). Phong tr\u00e0o l\u1eadp c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 HT t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng l\u1eafm. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau n\u0103m 1975 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n, H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft b\u1edb, b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90\u2019s \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/small-group-moverment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/small-group-moverment\/\" >Small Group Moverment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Social Action&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\/ ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh\/ d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/social-action\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/social-action\/\" >Social Action<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Social Conciousnes&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m quan t\u00e2m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qua v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00e2m linh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/social-conciousnes\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/social-conciousnes\/\" >Social Conciousnes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Social Ethics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh v\u00e0o c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/social-ethics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/social-ethics\/\" >Social Ethics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Social Gospel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00fac \u00c2m X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 20, trong c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (Tin L\u00e0nh) n\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn qua Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00fac \u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa. V\u00ec ch\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u sinh ho\u1ea1t g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Do \u0111\u00f3, phong tr\u00e0o \u201cPh\u1ea3n \u1ea2nh X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Social Conditioning&lt;\/em&gt;), \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Social Ethics&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 \u201cT\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Social Conciousness&lt;\/em&gt;)\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t uy th\u1ebf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng lan r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea3n \u1ea2nh X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Situation Gospel\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; or \u201c&lt;em&gt;Cultural Gospel&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (\u201cPh\u00fac \u00c2m Th\u1ef1c Tr\u1ea1ng\u201d hay \u201cPh\u00fac \u00c2m V\u0103n H\u00f3a\u201d).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/social-gospel\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/social-gospel\/\" >Social Gospel<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Social Ministry&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i do h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/social-ministry\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/social-ministry\/\" >Social Ministry<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Social Principles&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Qui \u01af\u1edbc X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u201c&lt;em&gt;Methodist Social Creed&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1980) trong m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/social-principles\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/social-principles\/\" >Social Principles<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Socialism, Christian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Tin L\u00e0nh X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u do F. D. Maurice (1805 -1872) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o Phong Tr\u00e0o Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Tin L\u00e0nh X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u nh\u1eb1m th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7p ni\u1ec1m tin c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch cho Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a T\u01b0 B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n h\u01a1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/socialism-christian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/socialism-christian\/\" >Socialism, Christian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Society of Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Jesuits&lt;\/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;1540&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/society-of-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/society-of-jesus\/\" >Society of Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Socinianism\/ Socinians&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Socinus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft do \u00f4ng Faustus Socinus (1539-1604), thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Tin L\u00e0nh Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i! Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo. V\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: \u201cUnitanianism\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9c Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/socinianism-socinians\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/socinianism-socinians\/\" >Socinianism\/ Socinians<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sociological Realism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ef1c X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sociological-realism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sociological-realism\/\" >Sociological Realism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sociology of Knowledge&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i H\u1ecdc Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng duy x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (socialism) do Karl Marx (1818-1883). C\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh, K. Marx ch\u00fa t\u00e2m thu\u1ea7n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft duy v\u1eadt (&lt;em&gt;materialism&lt;\/em&gt;) nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft duy t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Hegel (&lt;em&gt;idealism&lt;\/em&gt;). Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng trong \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Frankfurt b\u1edfi Karl Munnheim v\u00e0 Louis Althusser (\u0110\u1ee9c). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Hegel v\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. H\u1ecd t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n! Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n (&lt;em&gt;Communism&lt;\/em&gt;) trong Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;Socialism&lt;\/em&gt;). Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ee9 Ba, l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c; b\u1edfi l\u1ebd, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia hay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sociology-of-knowledge\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sociology-of-knowledge\/\" >Sociology of Knowledge<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sociology of Religion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i H\u1ecdc T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;H\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch thay d\u1ed5i, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sociology-of-religion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sociology-of-religion\/\" >Sociology of Religion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sociology of X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i\/ ni\u1ec1m tin. Nh\u00ecn th\u1eadt v\u00e0o t\u00e2m l\u00ed s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sociology-of-xa-hoi\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sociology-of-xa-hoi\/\" >Sociology of X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Socrates (C. 470 BC &#8211; 399 BC)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft Gia Socrates&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia Hy-l\u1ea1p, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi (Q &amp;A). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Socrates\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/socrates-c-470-bc-399-bc\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/socrates-c-470-bc-399-bc\/\" >Socrates (C. 470 BC &#8211; 399 BC)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Soissans, Councils of (1092, 1121)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Soissans&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Hai h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp lo vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 t\u00edn l\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Roscellinus (1092) v\u00e0 duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Peter Abeland (1079-1142) v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i Hi\u1ec7p M\u1ed9t. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft Abeland \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n v\u00e0 thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/soissans-councils-of-1092-1121\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/soissans-councils-of-1092-1121\/\" >Soissans, Councils of (1092, 1121)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sola Fide&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ec9 C\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin, \u201c&lt;em&gt;By faith alone&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u \u201ckh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch do Martin Luther (1483-1546) d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf Ro-ma 3:28 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c tin, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qua b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0o d\u00f9 \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sola-fide\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sola-fide\/\" >Sola Fide<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sola Gratia&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ec9 C\u00f3 \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00e2n di\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 anh em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u, l\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 ban cho t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng do lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 do Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cT\u1ed1i Hu\u1ec7\u201d c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sola-gratia\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sola-gratia\/\" >Sola Gratia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sola Scriptura&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ec9 C\u00f3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin qua Anh Ng\u1eef &lt;em&gt;Scripture Alone&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e2u kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a C\u00e1i Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh - l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 do Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o. Th\u00e1nh Kinh bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u201cTi\u00eau Chu\u1ea9n Th\u00e1nh Kinh\u201d hay \u201cM\u1eabu M\u1ef1c Th\u00e1nh Kinh\u201d l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sola-scriptura\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sola-scriptura\/\" >Sola Scriptura<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Solafidianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Duy \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00edn l\u00ed d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e2u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee9c tin do Martin Luther\u201d trong th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111ang \u0111i sai l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa qua vi\u1ec7c mua b\u00e1n b\u00f9a ph\u00e9p (by Titze) \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mau l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng (s\u1edbm ra kh\u1ecfi l\u00f2 khuy\u1ec7n t\u1ed9i). Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, qua c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh Ro-ma 3:28 v\u00e0 1:17&lt;em&gt;,&lt;\/em&gt; \u00f4ng di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u201c&lt;em&gt;man is justified by faith alone&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;apart from &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;the &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;work of the law&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (NASB). (&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;ch\u1ec9 &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;c\u1ee7a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p&lt;\/em&gt;). Qua c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c anh em theo Martin Luther v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf di\u1ec5u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Erasmus \u0111\u00e3 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c \u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent (&lt;em&gt;Council of Trent&lt;\/em&gt;, 1545-1563), Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Solafidianism&lt;\/em&gt; g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i b\u1edfi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00fang ta.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/solafidianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/solafidianism\/\" >Solafidianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Solidary Christianity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ec9 C\u00f3 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd Th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (hay C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Krit-t\u00f4 H\u1eefu) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, v\u00ec c\u1edb s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, v\u00ec \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, ch\u1ec9 mang t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Xu\u1ea5t 20:1-6; Ph\u1ee5c 5:1-20; \u00ca-sai 2:8, 18, Thi 115:4-7).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/solidary-christianity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/solidary-christianity\/\" >Solidary Christianity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Solidary of the Race&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u00f2ng D\u00f5i C\u0103n G\u1ed1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u00d4ng B\u00e0 A-\u0111am l\u00e0 \u00d4ng B\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u00fang ta (S\u00e1ng 1-3). Nh\u01a1n v\u00ec A-\u0111am ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (Ro-ma 5:12). T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 \u201cA-\u0111am\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u201clo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (&lt;em&gt;nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;) (S\u00e1ng 1:26). T\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u00e3i m\u00e3i nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi sau ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t m\u00e3i ti\u1ebfp cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi sau (Esai 43:27; Thi 51:1-5; hay Rom. 5:12; I Cor. 15:21tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/solidary-of-the-race\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/solidary-of-the-race\/\" >Solidary of the Race<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Solipsism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Duy B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Solus&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;alone&lt;\/em&gt;), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ipse&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;self)&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ec9 &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;C&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00f3 &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;B&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ed7n &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;N&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;g\u00e3)&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 (&lt;em&gt;self&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu; ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 (&lt;em&gt;self&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u00f2n l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu b\u00ean trong.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/solipsism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/solipsism\/\" >Solipsism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Solo Christo&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ec9 C\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Solus Christus&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cby Christ alone&lt;em&gt;\u201d (Ch\u1ec9 C\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (&lt;em&gt;Jesus Christ only&lt;\/em&gt;) m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 mang s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cho nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c (C\u00f4ng 4:12; I Tim. 2:4-6).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/solo-christo\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/solo-christo\/\" >Solo Christo<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Son of David&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Con Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u201ccon ch\u00e1u\u201d thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt (II Sam.7:14-17; Math.1:2-17; M\u00e1c 10:47; Lu-ca 1:32; C\u00f4ng 2:29tt; Rom. 5:5; 22:16).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/son-of-david\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/son-of-david\/\" >Son of David<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Son of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Con Trai \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb chung, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i (Gal. 4:6-12; Gi\u0103ng 1:12). Trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean (Xuat 4:22-23), cho \u0110a-vit (II Sam. 7:14), C\u00e1c Vua (Thi 2:7). Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, ch\u1ec9 Ch\u00faa Jesus&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 Con M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi &lt;em&gt;(Only Son, &lt;\/em&gt;lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n vi\u1ebft hoa) (Gi\u0103ng 3:16; M\u00e1c 1:11; Math. 4; Gi\u0103ng 11:27; II Cor. 1: 39). C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con (s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 lu\u00f4n g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 con c\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/son-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/son-of-god\/\" >Son of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Son of Man&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Con Lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang cho Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Sinh T\u1eeb Lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u0169ng sinh ra t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, lo\u00e0i x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u201cCon Tr\u1eddi\u201d. Ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc: Con Tr\u1eddi hay Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus, \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng lu\u00f4n g\u1ecdi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Con Tr\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Son of God&lt;\/em&gt;), nh\u01b0ng M\u00e1c v\u00e0 Lu-ca th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Son of Man&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u1ea3 2 l\u00e0 1 (Xuat 2:1; Dan 7:13-14; Math. 2:10, 8:38, Gi\u0103ng 1:18, 29, 3:16, 17, 18, 19:7).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/son-of-man\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/son-of-man\/\" >Son of Man<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sorcery&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed3ng B\u00f3ng, Ma Thu\u1eadt, Ph\u00f9 Th\u1ee7y, B\u00f3i Khoa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong Kinh C\u01af d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y, ma qu\u00e1i, ph\u00e1p thu\u1eadt hay c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, ph\u00f9 ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong to\u00e0n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ch\u00faa nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 g\u1edbm ghi\u1ebfc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai l\u00e0m v\u1eady (D\u00e2n 25; II S\u1eed 33:6; Gal. 5:20). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edd c\u1eady, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o t\u1eeb c\u00e1nh tay lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh (y\u00eau ma, qu\u1ec9 qu\u00e1i, ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y). Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (Ma- thi-\u01a1 6:4; 1-11; Ph\u1ee5c \u00a0Truy\u1ec1n\u00a0 5:7-9).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sorcery\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sorcery\/\" >Sorcery<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sorrowful Mysferies, The Five&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;5 \u0110au \u0110\u1edbn M\u1ea7u Nhi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2 c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n chu\u1ed7i h\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn hay nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn 5 s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus ch\u1ecbu th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3 trong \u0111\u00eam th\u1ee9 5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: - L\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed1i trong v\u01b0\u1eddn, - n\u1ed7i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f2n, - \u0111\u1ed9i m\u00e3o gai, - v\u00e1c th\u00e2p gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 - b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sorrowful-mysferies-the-five\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sorrowful-mysferies-the-five\/\" >Sorrowful Mysferies, The Five<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Soteriology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Soteria&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cSalvation\u201d (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;), l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong t\u1eeb Christology (&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf H\u1ecdc hay C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa Jesus m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i (C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 4:12; I Tim. 4:2-5). (Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;em&gt;Christology, Jesus, Salvation&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/soteriology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/soteriology\/\" >Soteriology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Soul&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Linh H\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1&lt;em&gt;,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;\u05d7\u05b7\u05d9\u05b8\u05bc\u05bd\u05d4 \u05dc\u05b0\u05e0\u05b6\u05a5\u05e4\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 (-&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;nephesh\u00a0 hay-y\u00e0h&lt;\/em&gt;) (a living being). \u00a0Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Psych\u00e8&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;Anima&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u0103ng 2:7&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 2:7. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Gia-v\u00ea CT&lt;em&gt;.. \u201ch\u00e0 sinh kh\u00ed v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 m\u0169i, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edd n\u00ean m\u1ed9t &lt;strong&gt;lo\u00e0i&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;sanh linh&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d (BTT). T\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;s&lt;strong&gt;anh linh&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d &lt;em&gt;l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;strong&gt; c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng linh h\u1ed3n&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Anh Ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t: B\u1ea3n KJ, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;a&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;living soul&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;; &lt;\/em&gt;b\u1ea3n NASB&lt;em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;a living being&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt; b\u1ea3n ASV, &lt;em&gt;a&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;living soul; &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n CSB&lt;em&gt;, a living being. &lt;\/em&gt;Hai c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0: (1)&lt;em&gt; \u201c&lt;strong&gt;m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi (h\u1eefu th\u1ec3) s\u1ed1ng&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d hay (2) \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2026 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2026 mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed\u2026 B\u1ea3n KT LM Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ebf Thu\u1ea5n, \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;, 1975\u201d, B\u1ea3n PV, \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a TK, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Tin L\u00e0nh Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cc\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n\u201d v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf \u0110CT. Linh h\u1ed3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi \u201cthai nhi\u201d trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, Gi\u1ebft thai nhi, l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u201clinh h\u1ed3n\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt do \u0110CT ban cho. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 do \u0110CT ban cho, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00eab-r\u01a1, \u201clinh h\u1ed3n\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt. Th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c ph\u00e0m nh\u01b0 hoa c\u1ecf, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, s\u1edbm n\u1edf t\u1ed1i t\u00e0n. Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201clinh h\u1ed3n\u201d n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi\u2026 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t. Trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb linh h\u1ed3n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng (&lt;em&gt;life&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Math&lt;em&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;2: 20) hay l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi sau s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft\u201d (&lt;em&gt;life after&lt;\/em&gt;) (Lu-ca 21:14). Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110CT, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed h\u01a1n, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i l\u1eabn qu\u1ea9n tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 th\u1ea5p b\u00e9 h\u01a1n \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o! v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n tin l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u thai chuy\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfp,\u201d nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft linh h\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ra. N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u thai, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u thai m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u sinh ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u thai\u2026 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?...\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nKinh Th\u00e1nh d\u1ea1y linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu &lt;strong&gt;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3&lt;\/strong&gt; thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t &lt;strong&gt;linh h\u1ed3n&lt;\/strong&gt; m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec? V\u1eady th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y chi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i &lt;strong&gt;linh h\u1ed3n&lt;\/strong&gt; m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i?&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0(M\u1ea1h. 16:26).&lt;br \/&gt;\nV\u1eady n\u00ean, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1eef n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Con\u00a0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau\u2026 trong tay Ch\u00faa hay trong ho\u1ea3 ng\u1ee5c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/soul\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/soul\/\" >Soul<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Soul Sleep&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Linh H\u1ed3n Ng\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Psycho-pannychia&lt;\/em&gt;. Ni\u1ec1m tin cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 linh h\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t. L\u00fac \u1ea5y linh h\u1ed3n \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ee7\u201d, \u201cb\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh\u201d \u201cng\u1ee7 m\u00ea\u201d trong ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (Lu-ca 11:1tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/soul-sleep\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/soul-sleep\/\" >Soul Sleep<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Soul Winning&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chinh Ph\u1ee5c Linh H\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i Linh H\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111em ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/soul-winning\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/soul-winning\/\" >Soul Winning<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Soul-body Dualism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ec3-H\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/soul-body-dualism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/soul-body-dualism\/\" >Soul-body Dualism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Soul-extinction&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t T\u1eed Linh H\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin cho r\u1eb1ng linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1edfi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t khi th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft \u0111i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/soul-extinction\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/soul-extinction\/\" >Soul-extinction<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sovereign Will&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00dd Ch\u00ed Cao C\u1ea3\/ N\u0103ng Quy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cao c\u1ea3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sovereign-will\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sovereign-will\/\" >Sovereign Will<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Speaking in Tongues&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Glossalalia N\u00f3i Ti\u1ebfng L\u1ea1 hay N\u00f3i Ti\u1ebfng M\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Glossa &lt;\/em&gt;\u201ctongue\u201d (l\u01b0\u1edfi) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;lalia \u201c&lt;\/em&gt;speak&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;n\u00f3i&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb \u201cti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. \u0110\u00fang khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh gi\u00e1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 2. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i \u201cti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1\u201d. Trong nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i kinh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTi\u1ebfng L\u1ea1\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc; v\u00e0 khi n\u00f3i, th\u00ec c\u00f3 d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 nghe hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Gi\u00ea-ru-ra-lem trong Ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n. Khi h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, trong ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1.\u201d K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo Ch\u00faa v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng n\u1ea7y, v\u00ec b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem l\u00e0 n\u01a1i trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 15 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m giao d\u1ecbch l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c La-m\u00e3. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c trong II C\u00f4-rin-t\u00f4 12, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c&lt;em&gt;ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u201c&lt;em&gt;t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;hi\u00ean &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;s&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ee9&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, khi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch. Phao-l\u00f4 khuy\u00ean nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 \u01a1n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 th\u00ec n\u00ean n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u1edf gi\u1eefa h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang (\u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng) th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch. Theo \u00f4ng. \u201c\u2026&lt;em&gt;th\u00e0 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi kh\u00f4n&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;ngoan (l\u1eddi hi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) c\u00f2n h\u01a1n n\u00f3i 1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;000 l\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00f3 (II Cor. 12). (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;\u00a0Glossolalia &lt;\/strong&gt;hay&lt;strong&gt; Filled of H&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;oly &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;S&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;pirit&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/speaking-in-tongues\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/speaking-in-tongues\/\" >Speaking in Tongues<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Special Revelation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i Th\u1ecb \u0110\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n Do-th\u00e1i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n qua c\u00e1c ti\u00ean tri, c\u00e1c vua, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi D\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i. \u0110CT c\u0169ng kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb qua thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb \u201c\u0110\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Tr\u1ecdn V\u1eb9n\u201d nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (&lt;em&gt;Xin xem s\u00e1ch&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a Karl Barth, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Church Dogmatics&lt;\/em&gt;,&lt;\/strong&gt; Vol. I: Part 1&amp;2; IV: Part 1-4).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/special-revelation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/special-revelation\/\" >Special Revelation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spence, Philip Jakob (1635-1705)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spence, Philip Jakob&lt;\/strong&gt; (1635-1705)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Thanh Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;ietism&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Rappoltzsweiler v\u1ec3 sau qua \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf Berlin. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Strasbourg (1651-1659) v\u1ec3 m\u00f4n Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 L\u1ecbch S\u1eed. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Strasbourg. Trong khi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 t\u00ednh thi\u00ean li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00e1i sanh, lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh kinh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i. C\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau, Spencer chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o \u201cquy \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d (&lt;em&gt;conversion&lt;\/em&gt;), th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng bao h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng qua quy\u1ec3n , &lt;em&gt;Pia desideria, 1675 &lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0(&lt;em&gt;Heartfelt Desire for God-Pleasing Reform of the True Evangelical Church&lt;\/em&gt;). Qua c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, d\u00f9ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng suy lu\u1eadn th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n \u1edf Halle, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Luther \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Thanh Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ee9c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spence-philip-jakob-1635-1705\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spence-philip-jakob-1635-1705\/\" >Spence, Philip Jakob (1635-1705)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Speyer (Spires), Diets of (1526, 1529, 1542, 1544)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speyer (Spires), Diets of&lt;\/strong&gt; (1526, 1529, 1542, 1544), Ch\u1ec9 Lu\u1eadt Spayer&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, khi Phong Tr\u00e0o C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 theo Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Luther. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng \u1edf c\u00e1c bang t\u1ec9nh \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Charles V ra ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng ai theo C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh. N\u0103m 1526, \u1edf Speyer (Spires) Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u quy\u1ebft ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n dung n\u1ea1p nh\u1eefng ai theo Luther (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Lutherans). \u0110a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;rotest&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u1edbi GHCG La-m\u00e3, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;N&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;h\u1eefng &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;N&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;g\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ed1i\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Protestants)&lt;em&gt;; &lt;\/em&gt;V\u1ec1 sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;G\u00edao H\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c N\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Christianity (&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;). Ri\u00eang trong Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 G\u00edao H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/speyer-spires-diets-of-1526-1529-1542-1544\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/speyer-spires-diets-of-1526-1529-1542-1544\/\" >Speyer (Spires), Diets of (1526, 1529, 1542, 1544)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spinoza, Benedict de (1632-1677)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spinoza&lt;\/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Benedict de&lt;\/strong&gt; (1632-1677)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c (Dutch). \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Amsterdam, Holland (H\u00f2a Lan), \u00f4ng tho\u00e1t ly ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Portugal (theo t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i). Thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng theo th\u1ea7y (&lt;em&gt;R&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;abbi&lt;\/em&gt;) h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Do-th\u00e1i, La-tin v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng mang nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean s\u1ee9, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, linh h\u1ed3n... Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, Spinoza b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Do-th\u00e1i (1656). V\u1ec1 sau, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1edf Heidelberg (1673), \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qua nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a John Lock, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ebd th\u1eadt t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb l\u00ed lu\u1eadn lo\u1ea1i suy.\u00a0 \u00d4ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong lu\u1eadn l\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 tay vi\u1ebft l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t trong tri\u1ebft l\u00ed \u0111a th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh kinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, ni\u1ec1m tin Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng. Thay l\u00ed lu\u1eadn thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spinoza-benedict-de-1632-1677\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spinoza-benedict-de-1632-1677\/\" >Spinoza, Benedict de (1632-1677)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Linh, Th\u1ea7n Linh, Linh Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;Ruah&lt;\/em&gt;, Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Pneusma&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;Spiritus&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cSpirit, breath\u201d (&lt;em&gt;th\u1ea7n linh, th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed, th\u1edf&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Khi t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201c&lt;em&gt;spirit&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, th\u1ea7n, kh\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng khi vi\u1ebft hoa \u201c&lt;em&gt;Spirit\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; or \u201c&lt;em&gt;Holy Spirit&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, \u0110\u1ea5ng Linh Th\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u1ea7n Linh. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf S\u00e1ng 1:2 \u201c\u2026&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026\u201d. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Linh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (d\u1ecbch, LM. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf Thu\u1ea5n),\u00a0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u2026v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. V\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 khi d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n Ch\u00faa, thi\u00ean s\u1ee9, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda, kh\u00ed,.. \u0110\u1ebfn Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n, v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb, n\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea7n\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 C\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3 1:8), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00ed s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(Gi\u0103ng 15:26),&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f2n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh Tin L\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, Th\u1ea7n Ch\u00e2n L\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n M\u1edbi 2002&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Spirit&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d theo ni\u1ec1m tin chung c\u1ea3 Tin L\u00e0nh l\u1eabn C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, Ng\u00f4i Ba c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 1 Ng\u00f4i V\u1ecb ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tin. Ni\u1ec1m tin chung, \u0110CT l\u00e0 Cha, - l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o; \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su,\u00a0 Con M\u1ed9t \u2013 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i; v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, Th\u1ea7n Ch\u00e2n L\u00ed, - l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng An \u1ee6i, Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0y Sau R\u1ed1t. Trong L\u1ecbch S\u1eed HT, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0110TL Ng\u00f4i Ba \u0110CT kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00fac m\u1eafc nh\u01b0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t, n\u0103m 381 AD Constantine, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00fac m\u1eafc n\u1eb1m \u1edf S\u1ef1 Sinh Ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 v\u00e0 21, nh\u01b0 Tr\u00e1i Th\u00e1nh Linh, C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea7y D\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh\u2026 M\u1eddi xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 sau: &lt;strong&gt;Fruits of the Spirit, Seal With the Spirit, Witness of the Spirit, Works of The Holy Spirit, Spirit of God\u00a0&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit\/\" >Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spirit Discipline&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;K\u1ef7 Lu\u1eadt T\u00e2m Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00f3 S\u1ef1 Sinh Ho\u1ea1t N\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa, theo &lt;em&gt;Gal. 2:20&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-discipline\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-discipline\/\" >Spirit Discipline<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spirit Gifts&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u01a0n Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-gifts\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-gifts\/\" >Spirit Gifts<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spirit Growth&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u0103ng Tr\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00e2m Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-growth\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-growth\/\" >Spirit Growth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spirit Heal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1eefa L\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-heal\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-heal\/\" >Spirit Heal<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spirit of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i Ba \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Rom. 8:1-25; Gi\u0103ng 15; I Cor. 12:4-13, C\u00f4ng 1:8)&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-of-god\/\" >Spirit of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spirit Strength&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m Linh M\u1ea1nh M\u1ebd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1nCh\u00faa cho b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-strength\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-strength\/\" >Spirit Strength<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spirit Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc T\u00e2m Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;gi\u00e1o l\u00ed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \/ th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch t\u00e2m linh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hay l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa qua s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m linh trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-theology\/\" >Spirit Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spirit Truth&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ebd Th\u1eadt T\u00e2m Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt (ch\u00e2n l\u00ed) nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb hay s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng c\u00f9a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edfi lu\u00e2n l\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-truth\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-truth\/\" >Spirit Truth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spirit Union&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t T\u00e2m Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng m\u00e0 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa chung trong c\u00f9ng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-union\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-union\/\" >Spirit Union<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spirit Warfare&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u1eadn Chi\u1ebfn T\u00e2m Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u00ecn chung c\u00f3 3 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch (1) \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa (k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a 1 cu\u1ed9c tranh chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u201cth\u1ecbt\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;huy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d; (2) \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 v\u00e2y quanh, \u201c\u2026 &lt;em&gt;nh\u01b0&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 tham lam c\u1ee7a x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt, s\u1ef1 tham lam c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (I Gi\u0103ng 2:16); (3) v\u00e0 tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;ma qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c, danh v\u1ecdng, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n d\u1eef tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi) nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Phao-l\u00f4 d\u1ea1y (Eph. 5:10-20). M\u1ed7i tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ea th\u1ea3m n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa (R\u00f4-ma 8:38-39; Gal. 5:13-26; Eph. 6:10-17; Heb.12:1).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-warfare\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-warfare\/\" >Spirit Warfare<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spirit-Filled&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea7y D\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh? (1) Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;pluros&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1ee7, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u1ecdn&lt;\/em&gt;). (2) Tr\u00e0o ra ngo\u00e0i, t\u1ecf ra ngo\u00e0i. Theo ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e0n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ai (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ai ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa) th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e0n, b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 ra. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u0110TL, trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecf ra ngo\u00e0i - s\u1ef1 t\u1ecf ra \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecf ra c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, ch\u1ecbu nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tha th\u1ee9, th\u1ebf m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. C\u00f3 2 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch minh \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 t\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh: &lt;em&gt;Linh \u0110\u1ed9ng &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0&lt;em&gt; N\u0103ng \u0110\u1ed9ng&lt;\/em&gt;. (1) &lt;em&gt;Linh \u0110\u1ed9ng (t\u1ecf N\u0103ng Quy\u1ec1n): &lt;\/em&gt;t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa t\u1ecf ra theo \u00fd Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n cho ai t\u00f9y \u00fd Ng\u00e0i c\u00e1ch linh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh k\u00e8m theo nh\u01b0: ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, c\u00e1o tr\u00e1ch t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v.v\u2026\u00a0 (2) &lt;em&gt;N\u0103ng \u0110\u1ed9ng (\u0111\u1ec3 S\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1o)&lt;\/em&gt;: \u0110\u1ea7y d\u1eaby Th\u00e1nh Linh trong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y: Ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n tha thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111am m\u00ea \u0111\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i Th\u00e1nh Linh (&lt;em&gt;Ga-la-ti 5&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng &lt;em&gt;b\u00f4ng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;tr\u00e1i Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 ra cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:&lt;em&gt;\u201cy\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, vui m\u1eebng, b\u00ecnh an, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb, hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, trung t\u00edn, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; Ai ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn qua n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh \u1edf c\u00f9ng. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nSau c\u00f9ng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0110\u1ea7y D\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 t\u1ecf ra l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa qua ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o, truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o (Gal. 5; Eph. 5; Phil. 3). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng trong s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n cao danh Ch\u00faa&lt;em&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-filled\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirit-filled\/\" >Spirit-Filled<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spiritual Life&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng T\u00e2m Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng theo l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa t\u1ed1t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spiritual-life\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spiritual-life\/\" >Spiritual Life<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spiritual Reading&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ecdc L\u1eddi Thu\u1ed9c Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa qua nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eadt h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spiritual-reading\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spiritual-reading\/\" >Spiritual Reading<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spirituality Dead&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m Linh Ch\u1ebft, Linh T\u00e1nh Ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng ai tin theo Ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao, hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirituality-dead\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirituality-dead\/\" >Spirituality Dead<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spirituality, Christian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Linh T\u00e1nh C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m, qua s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt (&lt;em&gt;linh lu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;) s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ecf b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirituality-christian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirituality-christian\/\" >Spirituality, Christian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spirituallism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Duy Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Li\u00ean k\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n linh trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh \u1ea5y, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft qua c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirituallism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spirituallism\/\" >Spirituallism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sprinkling&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;R\u1ea3y N\u01b0\u1edbc, Ph\u00e9p (B\u00e1p-tem&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ef1ng trong \u0111\u0129a hay ch\u00e9n, d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay nh\u00fang v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 r\u1ea3y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu l\u1ec5. Nghi th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem cho con tr\u1ebb trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh (Anh Gi\u00e1o, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, Thanh Gi\u00e1o, Luther Gi\u00e1o). V\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a chung thanh t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. Ri\u00eang GH B\u00e1p-t\u00edt v\u00e0 v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i TL kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sprinkling\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sprinkling\/\" >Sprinkling<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sprit Sins&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i T\u00e2m Linh, T\u00e2m Linh T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i (l\u1ed7i) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u00e2m linh h\u1ecd \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m linh h\u1ecd ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i l\u00e0m h\u1ecd \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00ea. 17:9; Math. 15:19; M\u00e1c 7:21&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sprit-sins\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sprit-sins\/\" >Sprit Sins<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Spurgeon, Charles Haddon (1834-1892)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spurgeon, Charles Haddon&lt;\/strong&gt; (1834-1892)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i B\u00e1p-tit \u1edf Anh, sinh ng\u00e0y 19\/6\/1834. Cha m\u1eb9 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Independence. Thu\u1edf ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu, \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng sinh ho\u1ea1t \u1edf H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Methodist v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem \u1edf H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh B\u00e1p-tit. \u00d4ng theo h\u1ecdc \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Cambridge (1850) v\u00e0 n\u0103m 16 tu\u1ed5i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf Taversham v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 1851, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c \u1edf H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh B\u00e1p-tit Waterbeach, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n Cambridge, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng x\u1ea5u xa, t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i; nh\u01b0ng qua v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a l\u00e0ng \u1ea5y tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. R\u1ed3i n\u0103m 1854, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh B\u00e1p-tit Chapel \u1edf New Park Street \u1edf London v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 38 n\u0103m. Tuy \u00f4ng l\u00e0 1 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc cao c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u01a1n gi\u1ea3ng ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u1edf Anh. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh nhanh. N\u0103m 1861, h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb m\u1eabu l\u1edbn b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Metropolitian Tabernacle c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 6,000 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i. Su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 3,800 v\u1eeba c\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i kinh v\u00e0 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in ra. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 Calvin, nh\u01b0ng qua s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4, Augustine, John Knox v\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng Thanh Gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i kinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spurgeon-charles-haddon-1834-1892\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/spurgeon-charles-haddon-1834-1892\/\" >Spurgeon, Charles Haddon (1834-1892)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;State Humi-liation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ecnh Tr\u1ea1ng Khi\u00eam Nh\u01b0\u1eddng, Th\u1ebf Khi\u00eam Nh\u01b0\u1eddng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/state-humi-liation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/state-humi-liation\/\" >State Humi-liation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;State-Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Qu\u1ed1c Gia&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh do qu\u1ed1c gia h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb: &lt;em&gt;Separation of Church and State&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/state-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/state-church\/\" >State-Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;States of Jesus Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ecnh Tr\u1ea1ng\/ Th\u00e2n Th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus bao g\u1ed3m: S\u1ef1 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c, ch\u1ecbu \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n vinh, th\u0103ng thi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb b\u00ean h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/states-of-jesus-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/states-of-jesus-christ\/\" >States of Jesus Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Stations of the Cross&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng C\u1edb T\u00edch Th\u1eadp T\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 g\u1ed3m 14 ph\u1ea7n. M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u1edb t\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eaby ra trong s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadp gi\u00e1.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/stations-of-the-cross\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/stations-of-the-cross\/\" >Stations of the Cross<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Steward&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Qu\u1ea3n L\u00ed, Qu\u1ea3n Gia&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Oikonomos&lt;\/em&gt; trong th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc khi h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u00f4ng coi, ch\u0103m nom, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. Trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n thi \u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh (I Cor.4:1-2; T\u00edt 1:7; I Pet.4:10).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/steward\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/steward\/\" >Steward<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Stewardship&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadn Qu\u1ea3n Gia&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng &lt;em&gt;Oikonomia&lt;\/em&gt;, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ban cho c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ng 1:26&lt;\/em&gt;). Ri\u00eang trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ch\u00faa ban cho \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ch\u00faa ban cho h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng vinh hi\u1ec3n danh Ch\u00faa. (I Cor. 4:1-2; 9:17; I Pet. 4:10).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/stewardship\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/stewardship\/\" >Stewardship<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Stigmata&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u1ea5u Th\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft, d\u1ea5u in. Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;marks. &lt;\/em&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u in tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf trong s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft \u0111au \u1edf tay, ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u00f4ng. Ch\u00ednh S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa qua nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 (Gal. 6:7). V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12, Th\u00e1nh Francis Assisi (1181-1226) \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa t\u00f4 t\u1eadm n\u00e9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y qua nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 ghi nh\u1edb s\u00e2u xa trong l\u00f2ng Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi sinh d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e0 Ch\u00faa trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/stigmata\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/stigmata\/\" >Stigmata<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Stoicism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed Kh\u1eafc K\u1ec9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 400BC c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy-l\u1ea1p n\u1ed5 ti\u1ec3ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00f3n trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La-m\u00e3 v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh. Tri\u1ebft l\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Stoa \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc b\u1ea3n than \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng h\u00f2a v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh lu\u1eadt cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c.Tri\u1ebft l\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong TK qua S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 \u1edf S\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 7:8.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/stoicism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/stoicism\/\" >Stoicism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Structual Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ki\u1ebfn Tr\u00fac T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/structual-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/structual-sin\/\" >Structual Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Structualist Exegesis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch C\u1ea5u Tr\u00fac&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch TK (commentary) nh\u1eb1m khai m\u1edf, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng g\u00fat m\u1eafc, \u1ea9n b\u00ed trong TK.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/structualist-exegesis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/structualist-exegesis\/\" >Structualist Exegesis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Structuralism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft C\u1ea5u Tr\u00fac V\u0103n H\u00f3a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed7i v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Thuy\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1eb1m h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ec1u x\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u0103n m\u1ea1ch, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay t\u00e2m l\u00ed b\u1ed5n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu t\u1eeb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/structuralism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/structuralism\/\" >Structuralism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Subjective Experience&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh Nghi\u1ec7m Ch\u1ee7 Quan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i ra c\u00e1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subjective-experience\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subjective-experience\/\" >Subjective Experience<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Subjective Knowledge&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c Ch\u1ee7 Quan &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subjective-knowledge\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subjective-knowledge\/\" >Subjective Knowledge<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Subjective Truth&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ebd Th\u1eadt (Ch\u00e2n L\u00ed) Ch\u1ee7 Quan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t l\u1ebd th\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qua c\u00e1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ec3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subjective-truth\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subjective-truth\/\" >Subjective Truth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Subjectivism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Ch\u1ee7 Quan, C\u00e1 Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Di\u1ec5n d\u1ea1t, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 quan h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 coa c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn lien k\u1ebft t\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd hay v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee7 quan hay kh\u00e1ch quan, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang hay sai trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subjectivism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subjectivism\/\" >Subjectivism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Subjectivity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh Ch\u1ee7 Quan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft hay nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subjectivity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subjectivity\/\" >Subjectivity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Submersion \/ immersion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u1eadp Ch\u00ecm, Ch\u00ecm Xu\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00e1p-tem nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 B\u00e1p-t\u00edt, Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n, CMA, nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i trong Neo-evangelical Church,Free Will Church, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c T\u00e2n Ph\u00e1i Tin L\u00e0nh\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/submersion-immersion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/submersion-immersion\/\" >Submersion \/ immersion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Subordina-tionism Theory&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd T\u1ef1 H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Ch\u00faa Jesus tuy trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;divine substance,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 l\u01b0u t\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t hai b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (God &amp; Man).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subordina-tionism-theory\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subordina-tionism-theory\/\" >Subordina-tionism Theory<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Subordinationism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1ee5 Khuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con (Jesus), kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;nature&lt;\/em&gt;) b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;being&lt;\/em&gt;). Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb (H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m) Constantinople, 381 AD., kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb l\u00ean \u00e1n. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi Arianism v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Origen, Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 (185-254).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subordinationism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subordinationism\/\" >Subordinationism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Subordinationist Relation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan T\u1ef1 H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd. Ba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ba.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subordinationist-relation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subordinationist-relation\/\" >Subordinationist Relation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Subsistence&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u1ef1 H\u1eefu, T\u1ef1 T\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 h\u1eefu, t\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh (&lt;em&gt;Godhead&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Con v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subsistence\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/subsistence\/\" >Subsistence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Substance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Substantia\u00a0 &lt;\/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5t B\u00ean Trong&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, hay kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Su\u1ed1t 4 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Con \u0110CT v\u00e0 \u0110CT Cha.\u00a0 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y x\u1eaby ra trong h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m (Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb) b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 monh \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin. Do \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o, b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u00a0&lt;em&gt;sub-stance\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o so v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u00f3 3 t\u1eeb then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong lu\u1eadn l\u00ed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o Ba Ng\u00f4i\u00a0\u0110CT: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Substance&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d (nature, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t), \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Being&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d \u00a0(b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, h\u1eefu th\u1ec3) v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Essence&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d (b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch). \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u1ef7 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean, &lt;em&gt;xin xem th\u00eam &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trinity&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;, &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Son of God, Jesus Christ&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/substance\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/substance\/\" >Substance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Substance Criticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea9m B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong m\u1ed7i kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ebfm tin chung c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/substance-criticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/substance-criticism\/\" >Substance Criticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Substitutionary Death of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft Th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf (\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;)&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf cho t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh Jesus Christ \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu g\u00e1nh thay h\u1ebft, thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t. C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cVicarous Atonement\u201d (M\u00e1c 10:45; II Cor. 5:21; I Phi 2:24). Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0 (&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Jesus Christ&lt;\/strong&gt;,&lt;strong&gt; Christology, Salva-tion, Atonement.)&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/substitutionary-death-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/substitutionary-death-of-christ\/\" >Substitutionary Death of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Suffering&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110au Kh\u1ed5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n gian. \u0110au kh\u1ed5 \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. V\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngay sau khi Adam ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m lao kh\u1ed5 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d\u2026 Sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi E-va, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn m\u1ed7i khi sinh con\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d N\u00f3i chung, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e1i l\u1ec7nh Ch\u00faa, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u1ea5m. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tranh lu\u1eadn \u201cT\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 \u0110CT y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi?\u201d&lt;br \/&gt;\nKh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, c\u1ea7u xin s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ban \u01a1n gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi g\u1eb7p Ch\u00faa tr\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110C Tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ee9c tin, t\u1ea1o can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, h\u1ea1nh ph\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110au kh\u1ed5 ch\u01b0a h\u1eb5n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ph\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00a0c\u1edb \u00a0cho ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh.\u2026 (&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Sin&lt;\/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Peace&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/suffering\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/suffering\/\" >Suffering<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sufffering With Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ecbu \u0110au \u0110\u1edbn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Suffering&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Sufferre, \u201c&lt;\/em&gt;to undergo\u201d&lt;em&gt; ,\u201c&lt;\/em&gt;to bear pain\u201d, \u201cdistrep\u201d or \u201cinjung\u201d. T\u1eeb trong ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong \u00fd mu\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3n cai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.\u00a0 \u201cSuffering With Christ\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phao-l\u00f4 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang ta b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00ec c\u1edb Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau ch\u00fang ta, hy sinh cho ch\u00fang ta. V\u1eady n\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 vinh danh Ch\u00faa Cha v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 danh Ng\u00e0i (Rom. 8:7; Phil. 3:10, 1:29).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sufffering-with-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sufffering-with-christ\/\" >Sufffering With Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sufficient Grace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Tr\u1ecdn V\u1eb9n\/ \u0110\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong s\u00e1ch II C\u00f4-rin-t\u00f4 12:9 c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4, n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u00e3 ban cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i (tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n r\u1ed3i).\u00a0 \u00c2n \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1ea5y bao g\u1ed3m: S\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111em s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cho m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang ta. Th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7! Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 xem \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201c\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3\u201d hay \u201c\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\u201d (&lt;em&gt;actual grace&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sufficient-grace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sufficient-grace\/\" >Sufficient Grace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sunday&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;he&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;lmera heliou&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cday of the sun&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong tu\u1ea7n, gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, ca t\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Tin L\u00e0nh) (M\u00e1c 16:9; Luc. 24:1). C\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y C\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1eeb trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I (Kh\u1ea3i 21:10). &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1ee5c &lt;em&gt;Christianity, Worship&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sunday\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sunday\/\" >Sunday<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sunday Moverment&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, \u00f4ng Robert Raikes c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb em, thi\u1ebfu nhi, \u0111i ch\u01a1i l\u00eau l\u1ecfng trong ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt. \u00d4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;hay tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;) trong ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c con em v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0o gi\u1edd gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi gi\u1edd th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, l\u1edbp (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c con em v\u00e0 t\u00edn h\u1eefu. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc cho m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp tu\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay trong Ng\u00e0y Ch\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sunday-moverment\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sunday-moverment\/\" >Sunday Moverment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Sunday, William (1843-1920)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3 Sunday William&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong n\u0103m 1867, l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Hartfield Hall \u1edf Durham t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1876. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1882, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i sang \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oxford, gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong m\u00f4n lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e1nh Kinh. S\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m: \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Anthority and Historical Charracter of the Fourth Gospel&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1872), lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i s\u00e1ch \u201c&lt;em&gt;Romans&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 quanh \u201c&lt;em&gt;Chris-tology&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d.\u00a0 V\u00e0i s\u00e1ch v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng trong HT.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sunday-william-1843-1920\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/sunday-william-1843-1920\/\" >Sunday, William (1843-1920)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Supererogation, Works of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Vi\u1ec7c Cao C\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u201ctr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3\u201d. Ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Supererogare&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Pay out over the above&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh &lt;em&gt;Lu-ca 10:35&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c hay m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh Ch\u00faa r\u0103n b\u1ea3o. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft l\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d ri\u00eang cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n.\u00a0 Th\u1eadt ra trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supererogation-works-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supererogation-works-of\/\" >Supererogation, Works of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Supernatural Existential&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu Si\u00eau Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Karl Rahner (1904-1984), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong m\u1ed7i h\u1eefu th\u1ec3, m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, ti\u1ec3m n\u0103ng sinh ho\u1ea1t \u201csu\u1ed1t trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d. \u00d4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u201c\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n\u201d trong sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supernatural-existential\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supernatural-existential\/\" >Supernatural Existential<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Supernatural Illumination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Soi S\u00e1ng Si\u00eau Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 soi s\u00e1ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ban cho \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft cao h\u01a1n t\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. (Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c&lt;em&gt;:&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Soi S\u00e1ng&lt;\/em&gt;, Illumination or Scripture).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supernatural-illumination\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supernatural-illumination\/\" >Supernatural Illumination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Supernatural Realm&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trong L\u00e3nh V\u1ef1c Si\u00eau Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supernatural-realm\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supernatural-realm\/\" >Supernatural Realm<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Supernatural Religion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o Si\u00eau Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00f4n th\u1edd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb, quang minh. Kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean hay m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supernatural-religion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supernatural-religion\/\" >Supernatural Religion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Supernatural Work&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vi\u1ec7c Si\u00eau Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supernatural-work\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supernatural-work\/\" >Supernatural Work<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Supernatural, the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Si\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t, Si\u00eau Th\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 m\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0 Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u1eeb \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u201c\u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3\u201d, ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\/ m\u1eaft\/ tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, si\u00eau th\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. V\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I BC ph\u00e1i \u201c&lt;em&gt;gnosticism\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Ph\u00e1i Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn) cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d; m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I AD, ph\u00e1t sinh ra \u201c&lt;em&gt;Agnosticism\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Ph\u00e1i B\u1ea5t Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn) b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Vi\u1ec7c \u201c&lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u201c&lt;em&gt;super natural&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, si\u00eau th\u1ef1c). C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tin v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t si\u00eau th\u1ef1c. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c \u201csi\u00eau nhi\u00ean\u201d, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supernatural-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supernatural-the\/\" >Supernatural, the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Supernaturalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Si\u00eau Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc d\u00e0nh cho ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch si\u00eau nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. v.v\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supernaturalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supernaturalism\/\" >Supernaturalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Supralapsarianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Ti\u1ec1n Sa Ng\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Supralapsm&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u201cabove the fall\u201d hay (&lt;em&gt;Prior to the Fall)&lt;\/em&gt;. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00edn l\u00ed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc Calvin. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n sa ng\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng: S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi sa ng\u00e3. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u2018&lt;em&gt;infralap-savianism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft H\u1eadu Sa Ng\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;). D\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng (&lt;em&gt;Synod of Dort&lt;\/em&gt;) lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supralapsarianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supralapsarianism\/\" >Supralapsarianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Supremacy, Act of (1534, 1559)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1eafc L\u1ec7nh Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ec9nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Anh Qu\u1ed1c (1534), ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh Vua Henry VIII v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 tru\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc Anh. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Mary Tudor (&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec1n N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Mary&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i thay th\u1ebf N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Elizabeth I v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ed1ng L\u00e3nh Cao C\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d cho c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o (Tin L\u00e0nh, 1559).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supremacy-act-of-1534-1559\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supremacy-act-of-1534-1559\/\" >Supremacy, Act of (1534, 1559)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Supreme&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed1i Cao, T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao, t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hay Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supreme\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supreme\/\" >Supreme<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Supreme Being&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eedu T\u1ed1i Cao &lt;\/em&gt;ho\u1eb7c \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ultimate Being&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supreme-being\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supreme-being\/\" >Supreme Being<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Supreme Pontiff&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supreme-pontiff\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/supreme-pontiff\/\" >Supreme Pontiff<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Suprememacy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec1n T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n cao c\u1ea3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/suprememacy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/suprememacy\/\" >Suprememacy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Swearing&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Th\u1ec1 Th\u1ed1t, L\u1eddi Th\u1ec1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi &lt;strong&gt;Oak. &lt;\/strong&gt;Kinh C\u01af lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cswearing\u201d &lt;strong&gt;\u05ea\u05b4\u05e9\u05b8\u05bc\u05c1\u05d1\u05b7\u05e2\u05a9&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;\u1e6fi\u0161\u00b7\u0161\u0101\u00b7\u1e07a&lt;\/em&gt;) (swear, vb) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u201coak\u201d, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 187 l\u1ea7n. L\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ra t\u1ea1o cho \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c\u201d tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd \u201ckh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn\u201d k\u00e8m theo s\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng danh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng. N\u00f3i chung chung, khi l\u1eadp l\u1eddi th\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay \u201cl\u1ea5y Danh \u00d4ng Tr\u1eddi\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1m cho l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a hay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt\u201d. KT kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta con c\u00e1c Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1ec1 (swear, oak, vow) (Ma-thi-\u01a1 5).&lt;br \/&gt;\nL\u1eddi th\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u1eddi \u201ch\u1ee9a\u201d. L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u201cnh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng\u201d, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1ee3n danh ai c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1m\u2026 C\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i l\u1eddi th\u1ec1: (1) L\u1eddi th\u1ec1 (h\u1ee9a) gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong khi giao t\u1ebf, l\u00e0m \u0103n gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c, mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o th\u00eam ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, h\u1ecd l\u1eadp l\u1eddi th\u1ec1. (H\u00f4n nh\u00e2n gia \u0111\u00ecnh; c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n La-ban v\u00e0 Gia-c\u1ed1p. (2) L\u1eddi Th\u1ec1 gi\u1eefa Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh Quy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 s\u00f4ng n\u00fai, l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, (3) L\u1eddi Th\u1ec1 (Giao \u01af\u1edbc) v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, ho\u1eb7c Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Ab-ram l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ch\u00faa,\u00a0 Ch\u00faa h\u1ee9a v\u1edbi Abram - &lt;em&gt;Covernant&lt;\/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;Giao \u01af\u1edbc, &lt;\/em&gt;S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 12:1-7&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt;. \u1ede ph\u1ea7n 3 n\u1ea7y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a. \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp l\u1eddi \u201cTh\u1ec1\/ H\u1ee9a? Giao \u01af\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n so \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, \u0110CT t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1eddi Abram ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1m.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 (h\u1ee9a) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn.\u00a0 Th\u1ef1c ra, trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m l\u1eadp l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u1eeba b\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t, l\u00e0m \u0103n hay giao t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 h\u00f4n ph\u1ed1i, tuy\u00ean th\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f2a, v\u00e0o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch, ho\u1eb7c trong bu\u1ed5i nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n. (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; Math 5:33tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/swearing\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/swearing\/\" >Swearing<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Syllogism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tam \u0110o\u1ea1n Lu\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;syllo-gimos&lt;\/em&gt; \u201ca recknoning together&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d M\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn l\u00fd bao g\u1ed3m 3 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1: Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1, lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft Gia Socrate khi \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tam \u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn, \u201c&lt;em&gt;M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1); \u201c&lt;em&gt;Socrate l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1, or Ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec1), &lt;em&gt;\u201cSocrate ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1). C\u1ea3 3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eadt. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, qua ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng lu\u1eadn l\u00ed n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong s\u00e1ch R\u00f4-ma v\u00e0 \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4. L\u00ed lu\u1eadn tam \u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u00e2n l\u00ed m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/syllogism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/syllogism\/\" >Syllogism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Symbol&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ec3u T\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;symbolon,&lt;\/em&gt; \u201ctoken\u201d or \u201cpledge\u201d. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3! Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u0111\u00e3 cho ta nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus sau n\u00e0y, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: C\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 A-b\u00ean, Con sinh t\u1ebf, Chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u N\u00f4-\u00ea.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/symbol\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/symbol\/\" >Symbol<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Symbolics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Bi\u1ec3u T\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a 20 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua. N\u00f3i chung, Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169ng th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/symbolics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/symbolics\/\" >Symbolics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Synagogue&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e0 H\u1ed9i, Nh\u00e0 H\u1ecdp&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Synagoge&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Assembly&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;h\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, nh\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;h\u1ecdp,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (\u00ca-sai 56:7). Xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;synagogue&lt;\/em&gt;) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 khi n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc (Math. 4:23; M\u00e1c 1:21; C\u00f4ng 13:5; 17) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi nhau trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00faa Jesus th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;em&gt;synagogue&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n tin m\u1eebng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Na-za-r\u00e9t, Ca-b\u00ea-na-um v\u00f9ng Ga-li-l\u00ea (Lu-ca 4:16, M\u00e1c 1:39). S\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4, trong khi \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn \u201csynagogue\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng (Gospel) c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i sau \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i (Greek) (R\u00f4-ma 1:16-17). Trong b\u1ea3n 70 (LXX), kho\u1ea3ng 200 BC, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb \u201csynagogue\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c A-ram trong C\u01af&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt; Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u00fd t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u1edf Babylon, khi d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i b\u1ecb b\u1eaft. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 cho \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Jerusalem \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1 khi b\u1ecb x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synagogue\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synagogue\/\" >Synagogue<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Syncretism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u00e1o Hi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ed3ng hay T\u1ed5ng H\u1ee3p Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Synkretismos&lt;\/em&gt;, La-tin\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;Syn-cretismus&lt;\/em&gt;,\u00a0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ecdi tri\u1ebft l\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o chung l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng chung cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u1eeb m\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 l\u00e0: \u201c&lt;em&gt;m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn La-m\u00e3&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (C\u00f4ng 4:12; Gi\u0103ng 1:12, 3:16).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/syncretism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/syncretism\/\" >Syncretism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Syncretistic Controversy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tranh Lu\u1eadn T\u1ed5ng H\u1ee3p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 GH Lutheran v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 17. D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc George Calixtus (1586-1656). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/syncretistic-controversy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/syncretistic-controversy\/\" >Syncretistic Controversy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Syncretistic Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o T\u1ed5ng H\u1ee3p Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/syncretistic-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/syncretistic-theology\/\" >Syncretistic Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Synderesis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e9p Chu\u1ea9n L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), do ti\u1ebfng La-tin v\u00e0 Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;synteresis&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m (Hy-l\u1ea1p s&lt;em&gt;yneidesis\u00a0v\u00e0 &lt;\/em&gt;La-tin&lt;em&gt; conscientia&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synderesis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synderesis\/\" >Synderesis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Synergism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7p Linh Quy\u1ec1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;tin r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng cao c\u1ea3 do \u0110TL, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i sinh). Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Augustine trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh M. Luther, tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i ch\u1ec9 do \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong S\u00e1ch &quot;&lt;em&gt;Bondage of The Will&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; c\u1ee7a M. Luther.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synergism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synergism\/\" >Synergism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Synergism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ed3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;synergos&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau trong ph\u00fac \u00e2m. Thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00edn l\u00ed r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa th\u00e1nh t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n th\u1ec3 trong s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p t\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi mang s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. \u0110i xa h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd th\u1eadt th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, 2 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n l\u00ed: Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Calvin v\u00e0 Luther. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong cu\u1ed1n S\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Nh\u1ecf (&lt;em&gt;Small Catechism&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Luther c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: \u201c&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1edfi s\u1ee9c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi t\u00f4i v\u00e0o l\u1ebd th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fac \u00c2m, soi s\u00e1ng t\u00f4i v\u1edbi \u00e2n t\u1ee9 Ng\u00e0i, t\u1eaby s\u1ea1ch t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt n\u01a1i Ng\u00e0i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh t\u1eeb th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synergism-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synergism-2\/\" >Synergism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Synergy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed5ng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7p L\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7p t\u00e1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synergy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synergy\/\" >Synergy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Synod&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cu\u1ed9c H\u1ecdp, &lt;\/em&gt;Gi\u00e1o&lt;em&gt; S\u1edf, H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng S\u1edf \/\/ Ph\u1eadn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Ngh\u0129a x\u01b0a, t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 lo vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa; v\u1ec1 sau, t\u1eeb c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00e3o v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u201cSynod\u201d l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o khu, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh (Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1eadn, Gi\u00e1o S\u1edf), \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i hay \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synod\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synod\/\" >Synod<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Synoptic Gospel&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tin L\u00e0nh C\u1ed9ng Quan hay Ph\u00fac \u00c2m C\u1ed9ng Quan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Synoptikos&lt;\/em&gt; \u201ca seeing together\u201d (&lt;em&gt;m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u00f9ng nhau&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i l\u00ean 3 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc (&lt;em&gt;Ma-thi-\u01a1, M\u00e1c v\u00e0 Lu-ca&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn, v\u00ec c\u1ea3 3 c\u00f9ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Gi\u0103ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synoptic-gospel\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synoptic-gospel\/\" >Synoptic Gospel<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Synoptic Problem&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Ph\u00fac \u00c2m C\u1ed9ng Quan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, v\u0103n th\u1ec3, v\u0103n phong; d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quanh xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, n\u1ed9i dung, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n kinh v\u0103n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng tin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synoptic-problem\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synoptic-problem\/\" >Synoptic Problem<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Synthetic Statement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ec7nh \u0110\u1ec1 T\u1ed5ng H\u1ee3p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn l\u00ed trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m 3 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1: Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 (&lt;em&gt;Thesis&lt;\/em&gt;), Ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1 (&lt;em&gt;Antithesis&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1 (&lt;em&gt;Synthesis&lt;\/em&gt;). M\u1ec7nh \u0110\u1ec1 T\u1ed5ng H\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh qua ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phao-l\u00f4, Gi\u0103ng\u2026 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00ed lu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong khi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201c&lt;em&gt;M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t (&lt;\/em&gt;ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1&lt;em&gt;). Ch\u00faa Jesus kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n (&lt;\/em&gt;ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1&lt;em&gt;), nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ch\u00faa Jesus kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t &lt;\/em&gt;(v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi)&lt;em&gt; (t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1)&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d Ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, Ch\u00faa Jesus 100% l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 100% l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4, 481A.D&lt;\/em&gt;). Do \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p bao g\u1ecdn b\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synthetic-statement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/synthetic-statement\/\" >Synthetic Statement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Systematic Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khoa tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa qua CCT Jesus. Qua m\u00f4n n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ai h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u, hay \u0111\u1ec3 rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi, th\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc cho r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh quy trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. N\u00f3i chung, m\u00f4n &lt;em&gt;th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia ra l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch: th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. T\u1eeb x\u01b0a nay, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Systematic Theology&lt;\/em&gt; ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, Tin L\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0y nay, ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;Buddish Theology&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;Shinto Theology. &lt;\/em&gt;Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f4n &lt;em&gt;Systematic Theology&lt;\/em&gt; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n m\u00e0 chia ra: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Christian Theology&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o), ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;Evangelical Theology&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Tin L\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o) n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i Tin L\u00e0nh; c\u00f2n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Catholic Theology&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o), n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, th\u1ebf m\u1edbi r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/systematic-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/systematic-theology\/\" >Systematic Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Systemic Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1edbi d\u00f9ng cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hay l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/systemic-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/systemic-theology\/\" >Systemic Theology<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-t mix\" data-filter-base=\"t\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">T<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tabernacle&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ec1n T\u1ea1m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 \u2018&lt;em&gt;ohel mo\u2019ed&lt;\/em&gt;, \u201ctent of meeting&lt;em&gt;,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;tabernaculum&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m n\u01a1i th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00eab-r\u01a1 trong th\u1eddi gian di h\u00e0nh trong sa m\u1ea1c (Xu\u1ea5t 25-27; 36-38). \u0110\u1ebfn khi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a Ca-na-an (&lt;em&gt;Palestine&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Jerusalem, do c\u00e1c vua x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;tabernacle&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 1 c\u00e1i r\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tabernacle\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tabernacle\/\" >Tabernacle<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tabernacle, Feast of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 L\u1ec1u T\u1ea1m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;Sakkot&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cL\u1ec5 Tr\u1ea1i\u201d hay l\u00e0\u00a0\u201cL\u1ec5 H\u1ed9i\u201d&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Feast of Ingathering&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u1ec5 L\u1ec1u T\u1ea1m l\u00e0 1 trong 3 l\u1ec5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i l\u00e0 L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua, L\u1ec5 Tu\u1ea7n (M\u00f9a G\u1eb7t) v\u00e0 L\u1ec5 L\u1ec1u T\u1ea1m. Trong L\u00ea-vi-k\u00fd 23: 39-43, L\u1ec5 v\u00e0o M\u00f9a Thu, d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa v\u00e0o \u1edf trong c\u00e1c Tr\u1ea1i (booths) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 quan ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tabernacle-feast-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tabernacle-feast-of\/\" >Tabernacle, Feast of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Talmud&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh Gi\u1ea3i&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Talmud&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u201cs&lt;em&gt;tudy\/teaching&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (h\u1ecdc\/d\u1ea1y). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, ng\u00e0y nay ngo\u00e0i Kinh Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Hanakh&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u00f2n c\u00f3 2 kinh kh\u00e1c, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc k\u00e8m theo, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n (&lt;em&gt;synagogues&lt;\/em&gt;), cho c\u00e1c con em hay l\u1edbp thanh tr\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kinh Mishnah, l\u00e0 kinh s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u kh\u00f4n ngoan (ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan), nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Vua Sa-l\u00f4-mon. S\u1eed li\u1ec7u cho bi\u1ebft Vua Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 3,000 c\u00e2u ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n, nh\u01b0ng trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh Tanakh, kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n 700 c\u00e2u\u2026 Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong Kinh Mishna v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadt hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft kh\u00e1c trong th\u1eddi phu t\u00f9 Ba-by-l\u00f4n. V\u00e0 Kinh Talmud, l\u00e0 kinh di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a kinh Mishnah. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1eeb Talmud \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; AD \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i &lt;em&gt;Kinh&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Mishnah&lt;\/em&gt; \u00a0v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y Rabbis. S\u00e1ch c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thi c\u1ee7a Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i lu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng nh\u1eb1m d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u201c&lt;em&gt;Mishnah&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thi. Th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y Rabbis d\u1ea1y (&lt;em&gt;Mishnah &amp; Talnud&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u00e1c n\u01a1i trong v\u00f9ng Palestine v\u00e0 Babylon.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/talmud\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/talmud\/\" >Talmud<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tanakh&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kinh Th\u00e1nh H\u00eab-r\u01a1 C\u1ed5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i g\u1ecdi Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 Tanakh (Tanak or Tanah l\u00e0 KT c\u1ed5) trong th\u1eddi gian ngay sau khi b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb Ba-by-l\u00f4n. H\u1ecd ph\u00e2n chia Th\u00e1nh Kinh (&lt;strong&gt;T&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;an&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;akh&lt;\/strong&gt;) ra l\u00e0m 3 ph\u1ea7n: &lt;strong&gt;Torah&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Pentateuch, Laws&lt;\/em&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;Nebi\u2019im&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Prophets&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Ketubim&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Writings&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00a0Tanakh bao g\u1ed3m 2 ngu\u1ed3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Hebrew v\u00e0 Aramaic. Ngo\u00e0i Kinh n\u00e0y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 2 kinh quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c k\u00e8m theo: Mishna v\u00e0 Targum, (Mishna l\u00e0 kinh gom g\u00f3p nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 Targum gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; 2 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tanakh\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tanakh\/\" >Tanakh<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Targum&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Gi\u1ea3i Kinh Targum, Aramaic&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Aramaic. T\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ctranslation\u201d (&lt;em&gt;b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch&lt;\/em&gt;) hay \u201cinterpretation\u201d (&lt;em&gt;di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 sang ti\u1ebfng Aramaic. T\u1eeb bao g\u1ed3m v\u1eeba d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3i (\u00fd di\u1ec5n th\u00eam ra). B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 1&lt;sup&gt;st &lt;\/sup&gt;BC, trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;synagogue&lt;\/em&gt;) nh\u1eb1m thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, khi d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n &lt;em&gt;Targum&lt;\/em&gt; n\u1eefa m\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u201c&lt;em&gt;Tanakh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;Torah&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/targum\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/targum\/\" >Targum<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Taverner\u2019s Bible (1539)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh Taverner&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Anh Ng\u1eef, do h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh Hy-l\u1ea1p Richard Taverner. B\u1ea3n kinh v\u0103n bao g\u1ed3m quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh &lt;strong&gt;Matthew\u2019s Bible&lt;\/strong&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Vulgate &lt;\/strong&gt;(Latin) v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n tu ch\u1ec9nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Ph\u1ea7n sau, T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c W. Tyndale tu ch\u1ec9nh (d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i). Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a G\u00ed\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh n\u00f3i chung.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/taverners-bible-1539\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/taverners-bible-1539\/\" >Taverner\u2019s Bible (1539)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Teleological Argument&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u00edch H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi lu\u1eadn v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean, h\u00e3y lu\u1eadn v\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;strong&gt;Teleology&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. T\u1eeb \u201cteleology\u201d tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng trong n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi bao la th\u00e2m thu\u00fd. C\u1ea3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng v\u1eady, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u201ctranh lu\u1eadn\u201d s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. L\u00ed do d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb1ng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201c&lt;em&gt;kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110CT,\u201d th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec? V\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 x\u1ea9y ra v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi? Ai l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d hay \u201c\u0110\u1ea5ng\u201d ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3? V\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng?!! T\u1eeb \u201cteleology\u201d &lt;em&gt;(h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb tr\u00ean nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. Ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u00edch\u00a0 H\u1ecdc l\u00e0 th\u1ebf!&lt;br \/&gt;\nNh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00e0 \u0111i xa h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u201cc\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch\u201d tr\u00ean, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;strong&gt;Teleological Argu-ment&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n \u201cc\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch\u201d trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 1 trong 5 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi Th\u00e1nh Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274). Ni\u1ec1m tin ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111i theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 hay s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 theo \u00fd th\u00e1nh Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u201cc\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u201c\u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t\u201d cho d\u00f9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cc\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u hay kh\u00f4ng\u201d trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/teleological-argument\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/teleological-argument\/\" >Teleological Argument<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Teleological Ethics&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c \u0110\u00edch Cu\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/teleological-ethics\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/teleological-ethics\/\" >Teleological Ethics<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Teleology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u00f4n Ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u00edch H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m 2 t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p. Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;telos&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 \u201cend\u201d \u201cpurpose\u201d; \u00a0\u201c&lt;em&gt;logy&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.\u201d\u00a0 T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u201cch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i\u2026 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u201cc\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch\u201d hay \u201cc\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4ng?\u201d v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u00a0&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/teleology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/teleology\/\" >Teleology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Temple&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Jerusalem (\u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd L\u1ea7n I) x\u00e2y l\u00ean do vua Sa-lo-m\u00f4n, theo b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt (x\u00e2y theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o, \u0111\u00e3 dgi r\u00f5 trong IC\u00e1c 4-8). \u0110\u1ec1n x\u00e2y v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 Th\u1ee9 10 BC, ngay sau khi vua Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n \u0111\u0103ng quang. \u0110\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t nguy nga, h\u00f9ynh tr\u00e1ng, h\u00f9ng v\u0129. Bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va ng\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng, vinh hi\u1ec3n Ng\u00e0i r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1\u2026 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n Do-Th\u00e1i ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd Th\u00e1nh n\u1ea7y. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 722\/721 BC, Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u1eaft phu t\u00f9. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m 586\/7 BC. Mi\u1ec1n Nam, T\u00e2n Ba-by-lon (Neo-Babylonian Empire), t\u1ee9c Ba-T\u01b0 (KT C\u01af g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Canh-\u0111\u00ea), b\u1ecb Vua Ba-by-l\u00f4n, N\u00ea-bu-c\u00e1t-n\u1ebft-sa v\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n hung \u00e1c ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm th\u00e0nh sau 10 n\u0103m v\u00e2y h\u00e3m, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7. Vua Giu-\u0111a, S\u00ea-\u0111\u00ea-kia b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd b\u1ecb thi\u00eau ru\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i cung \u0111i\u1ec7n sang tr\u1ecdng (IIC\u00e1c 25). \u0110\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong \u0111\u1ec1n b\u1ecb th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 \u0111em v\u1ec1 Ba-by-l\u00f4n, c\u1ea5t trong kho vua (N\u00f3i chung, \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1ee9 I k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 970\u2019s-586 BC, h\u01a1n 380 n\u0103m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 470-430 BC trong th\u1eddi Th\u1ee7 L\u00e3nh Gi\u00ea-ru-ba-b\u00ean v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf \u00ca-x\u01a1-ra (&lt;em&gt;\u00ca-x\u01a1-ra 8&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00d4ng N\u00ea-h\u00ea-mi (&lt;em&gt;N\u00ea-h\u00ea-mi&lt;\/em&gt; 2), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa khi\u1ebfn cho Vua \u0110a-ri-\u00fat, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vua con \u1ea0t-ta-x\u00e9t-xe cho ph\u00e9p v\u1ec1 s\u1eeda sang \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u00e0 x\u00e2y l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem (&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Tr\u00f9ng Tu L\u1ea7n I&lt;\/em&gt;). K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m sau, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Hy-l\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ec1n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u00edt. M\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 36\u2019s BC, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ebf H\u00ea-r\u1ed1t, vua \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;Herot the Great&lt;\/em&gt;) m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf La-m\u00e3 cho x\u00e2y s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd Th\u1ee9 II (&lt;em&gt;g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Trung Tu L\u1ea7n II&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u1ec1n c\u00f3 c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean 400 n\u0103m (444BC-36BC), t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 400 n\u0103m y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng gi\u1eefa 2 giao \u01b0\u1edbc (Sau N\u00ea-h\u00ea-mi \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt). Trong th\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, \u0111\u1ec1n do Vua H\u00ea-r\u1ed1t tu s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 nguy nga, h\u00f9ng v\u0129. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ti\u00ean tri, \u201c\u2026 &lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng: C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u0103ng? Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, ta n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0o ch\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Mat 14:2-3). L\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m, sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103m 70AD (sau Ch\u00faa), v\u00ec D\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n La-m\u00e3. \u0110o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edbng Titus, m\u00f9a Ph\u1ee5c Sinh, kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 4, n\u0103m 70AD,\u00a0 th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7, \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb san b\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y (&lt;em&gt;Western Wall&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1ee9c T\u01b0\u1eddng Than Kh\u00f3c\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Wailing Wall&lt;\/em&gt;). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-Th\u00e1i, thu\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f3c than m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, \u201cmong c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y v\u1ec1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u201d (N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7n Trung Tu L\u1ea7n III).&lt;br \/&gt;\nNg\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb \u201cTemple\u201d (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt;) kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc\/ hay th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0: \u201c\u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd\u2019\u201d hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n suy nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Qua m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e0i, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cbi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa\u201d, kho\u1ea3ng 1600 n\u0103m B,C, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i cho ra \u0111\u1eddi B\u1ea3n 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n (Xu\u1ea5t 20:1-3) qua M\u00f4i-se, \u0111\u1ec3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c&lt;em&gt;bi\u1ebft th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, \u201c&lt;em&gt;kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 th\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn d\u1ea1y D\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd t\u1ea1m: \u201c\u2026 &lt;em&gt;l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026.\u201d \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt, xin ph\u00e9p Ch\u00faa cho x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd. \u0110CT cho ph\u00e9p, \u0111\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Vua Sa-lo-m\u00f4n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean. R\u1ed3i m\u00e3i h\u01a1n 1,000 n\u0103m sau, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi T\u01af, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ph\u00e1n d\u1ea1y, \u201c&lt;em&gt;V\u00ec Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n, n\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt\u00a0 m\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1ea1y.\u201d(C\u00f4ng 5:24). &lt;\/em&gt;Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o 2 c\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 suy lu\u1eadn, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n l\u1edbn trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n th\u1edd? C\u00f3 3 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3:&lt;br \/&gt;\n(1) &lt;em&gt;Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea7n Kinh Nghi\u1ec7m Bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa:&lt;\/em&gt; H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn cho r\u00f5 \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n minh\u201d kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea9y ra trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft, m\u00e0 x\u1eaby ra trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i\u2026 nh\u1edd ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi ng\u1ed9 ra \u0111\u00e2u m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u \u201cm\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m,\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u201cm\u1edbi kh\u00f4n\u201d ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c! Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u201cng\u1ed9\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1i \u201cu-minh\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0110CT c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y m\u00e0 d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026&lt;br \/&gt;\n(2) &lt;em&gt;N\u01a1i T\u1ecf S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;. \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u201cCh\u1ee9ng Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1eadt\u201d m\u1ed9t \u0110CT th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, trong nh\u00e2n gian. N\u01a1i \u0110CT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ecf b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 minh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Ch\u00faa kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 Ta s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p h\u1ecd n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 (&lt;em&gt;nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ea1m trong sa m\u1ea1c)&lt;\/em&gt;. Sau khi tho\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng, \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0110CT cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u201ct\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t,\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ng\u00e0i. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Ch\u00faa nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp th\u1ec3, n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n qua Con Ng\u00e0i \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u1eefa. \u00a0Th\u1edfi k\u1ef3 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 qua, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u0103n minh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 u-m\u00ea ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua\u2026\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n(3) &lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa Th\u1eadt ng\u00e0y nay&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt;). HT kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, \u201cbuilding,\u201d x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, \u0111\u00e1, to\u00e0 nh\u00e0, x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i to l\u1edbn v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u00a0m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng ch\u1eadn th\u1eadt theo Ch\u00faa. C\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd\u201d x\u01b0a. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i anh em s\u1ed1ng trong tinh th\u1ea7n, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Fellowhip&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa cho nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u, con d\u00e2n c\u1ea7n l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi; v\u00e0 HT l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ecf b\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7p s\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc HT (\u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u00e2n th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa: (1) B\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o theo l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y \u201cy\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\u201d (2) N\u01a1i con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa b\u00e0y t\u1ecf tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u. (3) N\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1ee1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng danh Ch\u00faa qua s\u1ef1 K\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Y\u00eau Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, HT l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u201c\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd\u201d x\u01b0a.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/temple\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/temple\/\" >Temple<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Temptation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eed Th\u00e1ch, Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c, C\u00e1m d\u1ed7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;nasah,&lt;\/em&gt; Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;peirazein&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;temptar&lt;\/em&gt;e \u201cto test\u201d.\u00a0 T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00e1ch th\u01b0c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng 3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau: (1) Th\u1eed Nghi\u1ec7m (&lt;em&gt;Test):&lt;\/em&gt; Th\u1eed Abraham d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf Y-s\u00e1c. (2) &lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;: Khi Sa-tan \u0111\u1ebfn xin ph\u00e9p \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111i \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee9c tin&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a Gi\u00f3p v\u00e0 (3) C\u00e1m D\u1ed7, Th\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ed1 (&lt;em&gt;Tempt Trap)&lt;\/em&gt;: S\u1ef1 Th\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ed1 \u1edf Ma-thi-\u01a1, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4, Sa-tan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Jesus. V\u1ec1 sau, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd &lt;em&gt;\u201c&lt;\/em&gt;tempt\u201d (&lt;em&gt;c\u00e1m d\u1ed7&lt;\/em&gt;) con d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u00e1m d\u1ed7&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i (H\u00eab-r\u01a1 4:15). \u0110a s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb ma qu\u1ef7 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0103n n\u0103n, xin tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. Kinh Th\u00e1nh cho bi\u1ebft, Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tha th\u1ee9 (Rom 6).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/temptation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/temptation\/\" >Temptation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tempter&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;K\u1ebb C\u00e1m D\u1ed7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 Qu\u1ef7 V\u01b0\u01a1ng, Sa-tan; ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb &lt;strong&gt;Liar&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;K\u1ebb N\u00f3i L\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;) (M\u00e1c 1:13; I Cor. 7:5). T\u1eeb \u201cma-qu\u1ef7\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u00f3i chung cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ef7 d\u1eef theo Sa-tan.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tempter\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tempter\/\" >Tempter<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ten Arcticle (1536)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;10 Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u, 10 Gi\u00e1o C\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban ra b\u1edfi Vua Henry VIII cho Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Anh Gi\u00e1o ngay sau khi t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 1 b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i n\u0103m th\u00ec c\u00f3 &lt;em&gt;S\u00e1ch T\u00edn L\u00ed Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c &lt;\/em&gt;(Bishop\u2019s Book) ra \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ten-arcticle-1536\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ten-arcticle-1536\/\" >Ten Arcticle (1536)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ten Commandments&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3n 1500 BC, do M\u00f4i-se nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean n\u00fai Si-nai. L\u00e0 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n n\u00e0y (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&lt;em&gt; B\u1ea3n 10 L\u1eddi, Decalogue Table&lt;\/em&gt;) do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ban cho d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-en, trong l\u00fac \u0111em h\u1ecd ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a Ca-na-an (Palestine ng\u00e0y nay). Ch\u00ednh tay \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean hai b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1 cho M\u00f4i-se t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean n\u00fai Si-nai (Xu\u1ea5t 20). B\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 I n\u00e0y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadp b\u1ec3 (Xu\u1ea5t 32), khi M\u00f4i-se xu\u1ed1ng n\u00fai v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u1edd th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (th\u1edd con b\u00f2 v\u00e0ng), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i k\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa (ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n c\u1ea5m th\u1ee9 2). Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh M\u00f4i-se l\u00ean n\u00fai l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 (Xu\u1ea5t 34). 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n bao g\u1ed3m 2 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh\u00a0: (1) &lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n Th\u1edd Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/em&gt; C\u00e1ch t\u00f4n th\u1edd, t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, (2) &lt;em&gt;S\u1ed1ng V\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. &lt;\/em&gt;C\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, t\u1ef1 do, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n minh. 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i trong 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1edf T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc: &lt;em&gt;K\u00ednh Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 Y\u00eau Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;. Ngo\u00e0i 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eb1m d\u1ea1y d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean (1) Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa, bi\u1ebft gi\u1eef m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, (2) Bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, (3) Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vinh danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1i t\u0103m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nN\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang trong th\u1ebf gian, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi 2 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: &lt;em&gt;V\u1edbi Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 V\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 l\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a 6 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n sau, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u - &lt;em&gt;T\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh an, m\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng (n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 \u2026 &lt;em&gt;thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 vinh hi\u1ec3n\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;, Ro-ma 3: 23). B\u1ea3n 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0 &quot;B\u1ea3n Decalogue&quot; (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n 10 L\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;) (ghi 2 l\u1ea7n trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc: Xu\u1ea5t 20:1-7, Ph\u1ee5c 5:6-21).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ten-commandments\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ten-commandments\/\" >Ten Commandments<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tertullian (155-220)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tertullian&lt;\/strong&gt; (155-220)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 M\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Quintus at Cathage v\u00f9ng Tunisia. Con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadt \u1edf Rome. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng quan t\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Cathage, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, \u00f4ng d\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ph\u00fac \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa. \u00d4ng th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng La-tin, Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy-l\u1ea1p. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb &quot;Trinity&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;), b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng nhau v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong ba ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd &quot;Chris-tology&quot; (&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o &quot;Arianism&quot;. \u00d4ng tin v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi sau, linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu khi kh\u1edfi thai. S\u00e1ch \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 quy\u1ec3n &quot;&lt;em&gt;Apolog&lt;\/em&gt;y&quot; (Ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ai ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa), &quot;&lt;em&gt;Against Praxeas&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Bi\u1ec7n minh b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tertullian-155-220\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tertullian-155-220\/\" >Tertullian (155-220)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Testament\/\/ (xem Covenant&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Giao \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;diathek&lt;\/em&gt;e v\u00e0 La-tin\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;testamentum. &lt;\/em&gt;Nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd b\u1edfi 2 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhau. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y, trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t giao \u01b0\u1edbc (1 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i) m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong khi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m (\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c) kh\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a (&lt;em&gt;testament or covernant&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf cho d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a giao \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Con Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i l\u00e0m Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Testament - Giao \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gom l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh 2 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. (1) C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi H\u1ee9a&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110CT (g\u1ed3m 39 s\u00e1ch, ghi l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a), v\u00e0 (2) T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u201c&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;H\u1ee9a&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee8ng Nghi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (g\u1ed3m 27 s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t qua s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft thay cho t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi) (S\u00e1ng 3:15; 12:1-4; Gi\u0103ng 3:16; Rom. 5:8-10; C\u00f4ng-v\u1ee5 4:12). Nh\u1edd giao \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y m\u00e0 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng V\u0129nh H\u1eb1ng. Nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean 7 L\u1eddi H\u1ee9a. M\u1ed7i L\u1eddi H\u1ee9a (giao \u01b0\u1edbc) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110CT b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u nh\u00e2n lo\u00e0i. (Giao \u01af\u1edbc v\u1edbi Adam, v\u1edbi N\u00f4-\u00ea, Abram, M\u00f4i-se, Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea, Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n trong Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ec3 Gi\u00ea-su).\u00a0 (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Covenant&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/testament-xem-covenant\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/testament-xem-covenant\/\" >Testament\/\/ (xem Covenant<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Testimony&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi Ch\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u01af ra t\u1eeb \u00fd ngh\u0129a\u00a0 \u2018ch\u1ebft v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o\u2019\u00a0 (matyr, witness), Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin. L\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o trong ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/testimony\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/testimony\/\" >Testimony<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tetra-teuch&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;4 S\u00e1ch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb t\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Tetra&lt;\/em&gt; (Four) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;teuch&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;books&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 4 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. T\u1eeb trong 4 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 3 ngu\u1ed3n xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Ngu\u1ed3n V\u0103n J (&lt;em&gt;Yahwist&lt;\/em&gt;), Ngu\u1ed3n V\u0103n E (&lt;em&gt;Elohist&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 Ngu\u1ed3n V\u0103n P (&lt;em&gt;Priestly&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tetra-teuch\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tetra-teuch\/\" >Tetra-teuch<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tetragrammation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u0103n Ph\u1ea1m B\u1ed1n T\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p bao g\u1ed3m 4 ch\u1eef l\u00e0 4 ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Danh X\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1: &quot;YHWH&quot; hay l\u00e0 &quot;JHWH&quot; (Xu\u1ea5t 3:15; 6:3). Hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 &quot;Yahweh&quot; l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng cao tr\u1ecdng th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft (thay v\u00ec Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va). C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 thay b\u1eb1ng &quot;LORD&quot;. C\u00e1c D\u1ecbch B\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u0169 nh\u01b0 King James, American Standard Version \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;Jehovah&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tetragrammation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tetragrammation\/\" >Tetragrammation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tetrapolition Confession (1530)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Tin L\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi Martin Bucer (1491-1551) v\u00e0 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh cho Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Charles V c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00ecm t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Strasbourge hay Swabian Confession.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tetrapolition-confession-1530\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tetrapolition-confession-1530\/\" >Tetrapolition Confession (1530)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;TEV&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh &lt;em&gt;Today English Version&lt;\/em&gt; (TEV).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tev\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tev\/\" >TEV<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Textual Criticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea9m V\u0103n H\u1ecdc B\u1ea3n V\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, do c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u00e2u ch\u00e2u nh\u1eb1m mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 ng\u1ecdn ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u00e2n gian, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh. S\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;Textual Criticism&quot; nh\u1eafm th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o &quot;nguy\u00ean v\u0103n&quot;, &quot;b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch&quot; v\u00e0 &quot;n\u1ed9i dung&quot; c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n!.. Nh\u00ecn chung, nh\u1edd phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m gay g\u1eaft. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, suy c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n Papyri, Codex, Unicials, Minuscules or Cursive, Lectionaries of MSS of NT (T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Versions (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch) c\u1ee7a La-tin, Syrial v\u00e0 Coptic...(&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;\/em&gt;&quot;Criticism&quot;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/textual-criticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/textual-criticism\/\" >Textual Criticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Textus Receptus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n V\u0103n Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;hay&lt;em&gt; B\u1ea3n Kinh Ch\u00ednh Quy&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau c\u1ee7ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn, th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in ra v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 \u0111\u1ebfn nay (&lt;em&gt;Greek New Testament &lt;\/em&gt;do&lt;em&gt; Nestle-Aland&lt;\/em&gt;, bi\u00ean s\u1ecdan). Quy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea7n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n King James Version, 1611.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/textus-receptus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/textus-receptus\/\" >Textus Receptus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Thanksgiving&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi\/ S\u1ef1&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;T\u1ea1 \u01a0n, L\u1ec5 T\u1ea1 \u01a0n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb t\u1ea1 \u01a1n hay c\u00e1m \u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u00e0m \u201ch\u00e0i l\u00f2ng nh\u1ea5t\u201d trong vi\u1ec7c giao d\u1ecbch gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 TK \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1 \u01a1n, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1 \u01a1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ea1 \u01a1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u01a1n Cha M\u1eb9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.\u201d \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u201ct\u1ea1 \u01a1n\u201d trong TK, ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1: &lt;strong&gt;\u05d4\u05d5\u05b9\u05d3\u05a4\u05d5\u05bc &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(h\u00f2-wod\u00f9) (give thanks- &lt;\/em&gt;t\u1ea1 \u01a1n, c\u00e1m \u01a1n). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y (&lt;em&gt;h\u00f2-woh\u00f9&lt;\/em&gt;) trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh Ng\u1eef, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cgive thanks\u201d, ho\u1eb7c \u201cgive\u201d, kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cthanks\u201d. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: \u0395\u1f50\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3. T\u1eeb g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Heb-r\u01a1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201csound forth\u201d \u201cvang ti\u1ebfng ra\u201d (l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfng l\u1edbn ra), hay \u201cmake famous\u201d (l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng). N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, khi m\u00ecnh c\u00e1m \u01a1n ai, th\u00ec v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cho vang ti\u1ebfng l\u1edbn, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00ean. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u00edch th\u00fa, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gian kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. \u00dd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec h\u00e3y l\u00e0m \u01a1n th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u1ea1 \u01a1n. M\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u01a1n\u2026 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ch\u00fat n\u00e0o\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nM\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1 \u01a1n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u01a1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u201cm\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u201d ph\u1ea3i \u201ccho ra\u201d. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 khi cho ra th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ct\u1ea1 \u01a1n\u201d tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do trong Anh Ng\u1eef lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u201cgive thanks\u201d. Phao-l\u00f4 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a cao si\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean \u00f4ng l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y, &lt;em&gt;\u201cBan cho th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 20: 35b). N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee9 ban cho v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong T\u01af t\u1eeb t\u1ea1 \u01a1n ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;\u0395\u1f50\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3&lt;\/em&gt; (eu-karit). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m &lt;em&gt;karis&lt;\/em&gt; (grace or favor) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;eu&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p ch\u1eef &lt;em&gt;eu&lt;\/em&gt; th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1eef, h\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eef n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, hay c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u1eady &lt;em&gt;eukaris&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u201c\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n, or h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng.\u201d &lt;em&gt;Eukaris&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 t\u1ea1 \u01a1n,\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 vui l\u00f2ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Khi b\u1ea1n cho ai m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ec1u vui l\u00f2ng. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn n\u00f3i l\u1eddi \u201cc\u00e1m \u01a1n\u201d, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y vui h\u01a1n, h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng h\u01a1n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec trong l\u00f2ng b\u1ea1n \u201ch\u00e0i l\u00f2ng h\u01a1n\u201d hay \u201csung s\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1n\u201d, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1eadt trong ng\u1eef c\u0103n, khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u201cbi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00e2m thu\u00fd.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, t\u1eeb \u201ct\u1ea1 \u01a1n\u201d ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1 \u01a1n Ch\u00faa, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ban cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 d\u01b0 d\u1eadt m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, m\u00e0 t\u1ea1 \u01a1n Ch\u00faa v\u00ec \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201cC\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i\u201d m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft thay cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00a0\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong KT Ch\u00faa nh\u1eafc nh\u1ee1 d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 Ab-ram, I-s\u00e1c, Gia-c\u1ed1p\u2026 v\u00e0 L\u1eddi H\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1 \u01a1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn.\u00a0 Ng\u00e0y nay, trong HT C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, s\u1ef1 T\u1ea1 \u01a0n tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t L\u1ec5 T\u1ea1 \u01a0n. T\u1ea1 \u01a1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh v\u00ec l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa ban cho. Thi Thi\u00ean 136 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 T\u1ea1 \u01a0n, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u01a1 m\u1eabu m\u00e0 Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cho d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng cho ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecdc theo. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc: C\u00e1m \u01a1n Ch\u00faa m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, trong m\u1ed7i b\u1eefa \u0103n, m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea9y ra m\u00e0 ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o an c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00eam v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u0169, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng th\u1ee9c d\u1eady\u2026 \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean t\u1ea1 \u01a1n \u201c\u01a1n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 s\u1ed1ng vui s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh trong l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/thanksgiving\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/thanksgiving\/\" >Thanksgiving<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;The Deity\/ Divinity of the H.S&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-deity-divinity-of-the-h-s\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-deity-divinity-of-the-h-s\/\" >The Deity\/ Divinity of the H.S<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;The Good Shepherd&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103n Nh\u00e2n T\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00e0nh cho ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 ghi trong Gi\u0103ng 10:1-18, Lu-ca 15:3-7.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-good-shepherd\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-good-shepherd\/\" >The Good Shepherd<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;The Great Prayer of Thanksgiving&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi T\u1ea1 \u01a0n Ch\u00e2n Th\u00e0nh, L\u1eddi T\u1ea1 \u01a0n L\u1edbn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn S\u1ef1 T\u1ea1 \u01a0n trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 ca t\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ban cho \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i di\u1ec7u k\u1ef3. Ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ec5 T\u1ea1 \u01a0n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa K\u1ef3, nh\u1eb1m ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 n\u0103m v\u00e0o tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng 11.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-great-prayer-of-thanksgiving\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-great-prayer-of-thanksgiving\/\" >The Great Prayer of Thanksgiving<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;The Holy Spirit Proceeds from the Father (381)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-holy-spirit-proceeds-from-the-father-381\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-holy-spirit-proceeds-from-the-father-381\/\" >The Holy Spirit Proceeds from the Father (381)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;The Holy Spirit Proceeds from the Father and the Son (1054)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3 (Niceno-Constanopolitan Creed, 1054).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-holy-spirit-proceeds-from-the-father-and-the-son-1054\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-holy-spirit-proceeds-from-the-father-and-the-son-1054\/\" >The Holy Spirit Proceeds from the Father and the Son (1054)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;The Ordained Deacon&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ea5p S\u1ef1 Th\u1ee5 Phong&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 th\u1ee5 phong m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;Reverend&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 \u2013 K\u00ednh Tr\u1ecdng&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &lt;strong&gt;License&lt;\/strong&gt;, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T&lt;em&gt;h\u1ea7y Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o &lt;\/em&gt;hay &lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt; (n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m), v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi &lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Nhi\u1ec7m Ch\u1ee9c &lt;\/em&gt;(khi c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh) \u2013 Danh x\u01b0ng n\u00e0y t\u00f9y v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &lt;em&gt;license&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Nhi\u1ec7m Ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn t\u1eeb 6 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 1 n\u0103m, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 th\u1ee5 phong (&lt;em&gt;ordination&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-ordained-deacon\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-ordained-deacon\/\" >The Ordained Deacon<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;The Ordained Minister&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 (\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c) Th\u1ee5 Phong&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-ordained-minister\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-ordained-minister\/\" >The Ordained Minister<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;The Origin of Human&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-origin-of-human\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-origin-of-human\/\" >The Origin of Human<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;The Origin of the Soul&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Linh H\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Thuy\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u1ec1 linh h\u1ed3n sinh ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-origin-of-the-soul\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-origin-of-the-soul\/\" >The Origin of the Soul<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;The Persmality of the H.S&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-persmality-of-the-h-s\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-persmality-of-the-h-s\/\" >The Persmality of the H.S<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;The Seven Sorrowful of Mary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;7 \u0110i\u1ec1u Bu\u1ed3n \u0110au c\u1ee7a Mary&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u0169ng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u201c&lt;em&gt;7 \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0110au \u0110\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Mary&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Mary v\u1edbi con b\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus (ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n x\u00e1c). Trong cu\u1ed9c hy sinh ch\u1ebft cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-seven-sorrowful-of-mary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-seven-sorrowful-of-mary\/\" >The Seven Sorrowful of Mary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;The Witness of the H.S&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e2n Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a H.S.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-witness-of-the-h-s\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/the-witness-of-the-h-s\/\" >The Witness of the H.S<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft H\u1eefu Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 th\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 \u201cspirit\u201d (&lt;em&gt;th\u1ea7n linh&lt;\/em&gt;) tr\u00ean c\u00f5i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&quot;atheism&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi &quot;&lt;em&gt;deism&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 \u1edf Anh. (Nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p &quot;&lt;em&gt;Theos - God&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;). N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 th\u1ea7n, &lt;em&gt;&quot;&lt;\/em&gt;m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;em&gt;&quot;&lt;\/em&gt; tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n, c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi &quot;&lt;em&gt;monotheism&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (\u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n). Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi &quot;&lt;em&gt;polytheism&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (\u0111a th\u1ea7n). Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 &quot;m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi&quot; nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01a1n lu\u1eadt.\u00a0 Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi &quot;&lt;em&gt;monism&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ed9c lu\u1eadt v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1eefu.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theism\/\" >Theism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theistic Finistism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft H\u1eefu H\u1ea1n Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tin v\u00e0o c\u00f3 ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y do c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Edgar S. Bridgman (1884-1953).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theistic-finistism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theistic-finistism\/\" >Theistic Finistism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theistic Natu-ralism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean Th\u1ea7n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n trong c\u00f5i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theistic-natu-ralism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theistic-natu-ralism\/\" >Theistic Natu-ralism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theistic Philosophy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc H\u1eefu Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n linh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theistic-philosophy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theistic-philosophy\/\" >Theistic Philosophy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theistic Proofs&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u0103n G\u1ed1c Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc H\u1eefu Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng minh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, c\u0103n g\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, Th\u00e1nh Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 5 c\u0103n g\u1ed1c minh ch\u1ee9ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u2026 (Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;em&gt;Thomas Aquinas and Arguments&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theistic-proofs\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theistic-proofs\/\" >Theistic Proofs<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theocentric&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa - Trung T\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;theo &lt;\/em&gt;and&lt;em&gt; kentron&lt;\/em&gt; (God-centered), bi\u1ec7n minh th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 qua \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 (Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi). M\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theocentric\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theocentric\/\" >Theocentric<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theocracy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &quot;&lt;em&gt;theo cratia&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; &quot;&lt;em&gt;God-rule&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. \u00dd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 cai qu\u1ea3n, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, t\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u00f5i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt qua \u00fd ch\u1ec9, lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I qua s\u1eed gia Josephus v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng ngh\u00ecn qua lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a M\u00f4i-se trong 4 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed D\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-en l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a thi\u00ean tr\u1ecb trong 400 n\u0103m. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a M\u00f4i-se trong sa-m\u1ea1c, r\u1ed3i ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a Ca-na-an.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theocracy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theocracy\/\" >Theocracy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theodicy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ea7n Lu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;theos &lt;\/em&gt;(God) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;dik\u00e8&lt;\/em&gt; (jusdice, right). S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u1eed c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 gian \u00e1c. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, do tri\u1ebft gia Gottfried Leibniz (1646-1716), d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng \u00fd n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u trong kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, song song v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a thi\u00ean tr\u1ecb, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. V\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (Kh\u1ea3i 21-22).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theodicy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theodicy\/\" >Theodicy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theologian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theologian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theologian\/\" >Theologian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theological Education&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hay th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hay \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-education\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-education\/\" >Theological Education<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theological Exe-gesis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Di\u1ec5n Gi\u1ea3i Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Kinh Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh Th\u00e1nh Kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-exe-gesis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-exe-gesis\/\" >Theological Exe-gesis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theological Language&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c KT v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-language\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-language\/\" >Theological Language<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theological Method&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Thi\u00ean\/Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc, suy c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb, tri th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-method\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-method\/\" >Theological Method<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theological Prolegomena&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Duy Tr\u00ed Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0: th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;theological propaedeutic&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-prolegomena\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-prolegomena\/\" >Theological Prolegomena<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theological Realism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc qua th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-realism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-realism\/\" >Theological Realism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theological Seminary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p b\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb Master tr\u1edf l\u00ean Doctor (Cao H\u1ecdc l\u00ean Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129). D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh hay Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Th\u00e1nh Kinh. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, bao g\u1ed3m: gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, m\u1ee5c s\u01b0, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, gi\u00e1o s\u0129, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-seminary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-seminary\/\" >Theological Seminary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theological Symbol&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ec3u T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang n\u1eb7ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc th\u00e1nh kinh: Th\u1eadp T\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u00faa Ch\u00faa Jesus, n\u00f3i l\u00ean 1 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin, b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nho trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, B\u00e1p-tem nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-symbol\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-symbol\/\" >Theological Symbol<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theological Tradition&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong quy \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-tradition\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-tradition\/\" >Theological Tradition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theological Virtues&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;M\u1ef9 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc cao trong s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh trong nh\u00e2n gian.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-virtues\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-virtues\/\" >Theological Virtues<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theological Virtues&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ea1nh Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa ban cho m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh; d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-virtues-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theological-virtues-2\/\" >Theological Virtues<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theologicial Deter-mination&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u1eb3ng \u0110\u1ecbnh Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi \u0110CT.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theologicial-deter-mination\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theologicial-deter-mination\/\" >Theologicial Deter-mination<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theologoumenon&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chuy\u00ean Th\u1ea7n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La-tin c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eb7c Th\u00f9 Chuy\u00ean Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; m\u1ed9t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o gia m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theologoumenon\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theologoumenon\/\" >Theologoumenon<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc hay Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Theos&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;God, or god&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;study&lt;\/em&gt;); ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;theologic&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;language hay discourse about God)&lt;\/em&gt;. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y qua bao nhi\u00ean n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, ai ai c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng,\u00a0 \u201cth\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc hay th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m: - M\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, - m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i qua Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed D\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean, - m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean v\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: \u201ctheology\u201d \u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh qui.\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTheo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;theology\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d; tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb &quot;&lt;em&gt;th&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; th\u00ec qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, v\u00ec h\u1ecdc \u201c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n\u201d n\u00e0o?..\u00a0 (c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t) v\u00e0 nay l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c. K\u1ef3 th\u1eadt, trong m\u00f4n \u201ctheology - th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc\u201d trong c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0110CT, danh x\u01b0ng, b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng, nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 qua s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean D\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf b\u00e0y t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i qua s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gian, m\u1edf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n gian l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nNg\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb \u201ctheology\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t danh x\u01b0ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u2026 nh\u01b0 &lt;em&gt;Christian Theology, Buddhish Theology, Shinto Theology&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026 T\u1eeb \u201cTheology\u201d trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i\u2026 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 chia ra s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau bao h\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: Christian Theology, Biblical Theology, Systematic Theo-logy, Systemic Theology, Nat\u1ee7ral Theology, Dogmatic Theology, H\u00edstorical Theo-logy,\u00a0 New Testament Theo-logy, Old Testament Theology v\u00e0 Philosophical Theology... N\u00f3i chung Christian Theology l\u00e0 m\u00f4n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch tr\u00ean. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1970 v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. \u00a0T\u1eeb Christian Theology xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (Tin L\u00e0nh) so v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o\u2026 Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u201ch\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc\u201d l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0110CT c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111i \u201ch\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 TK v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa.\u00a0 Cho n\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 l\u00e0 \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u\/ l\u1edbp g\u00ec: \u201cTh\u00e1nh Kinh Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc\u201d hay \u201cTh\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Tin L\u00e0nh.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u201cTh\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.\u201d \u201cTh\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn, thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i t\u00f4i \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u201cth\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc\u2019 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u00f4i \u0111i: \u201cH\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh\u201d, \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh,\u201d \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc\u201d hay L\u1edbp \u201cTh\u00e1nh Kinh Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc\u201d hay \u201cTh\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Tin L\u00e0nh\u201d.v.v...&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i chung, nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01a1n x\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u, h\u1ecd t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn v\u00e0o hai n\u1ec1n \u201ctheology\u201d c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Kinh Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Biblical Theology) v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Crit-nh\u00e2n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d\u00a0 (Christian Theology) l\u00e0: (1) H\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110CT n\u00f3i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cch\u1ec9 trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Biblical Theology)&lt;\/em&gt;, (2) H\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u201c\u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng \u0110CT\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau (&lt;em&gt;Christian Theo-logy&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-2\/\" >Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0o trong t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n, t\u1eebng s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap cho con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u Kinh Th\u00e1nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng uy\u00ean b\u00e1c h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n ch\u00ednh quy trong h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 sau c\u00e1c m\u00f4n ch\u00ednh qui \u0110\u1ea1o L\u00fd Th\u00e1nh Kinh (&lt;em&gt;Church&lt;\/em&gt;\/&lt;em&gt;Biblical&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Dogmatic&lt;\/em&gt;), H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;Systematic Theology&lt;\/em&gt;). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1930\u2019s, m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960\u2019s, m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o (&lt;em&gt;Biblical Theology&lt;\/em&gt;) m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology\/\" >Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology in Itself&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;theologica in se&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 (theo tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc &lt;em&gt;Stoicism&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 T\u00e2m. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 do c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia khoa b\u1ea3ng khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o duy t\u00e2m, l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1eeb v\u1ef1c c\u00f5i si\u00eau th\u1ef1c trong t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai (&lt;em&gt;transcendenc&lt;\/em&gt;e).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-in-itself\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-in-itself\/\" >Theology in Itself<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology Liberation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Hy V\u1ecdng, Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o &quot;&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c tr\u1ea7n gian. Phong tr\u00e0o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u do 3 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9: Gustavo Gut\u00ederrez, Juan Segundo v\u00e0 Jose Miranda, t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1920\u2019s. Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 (tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Vatican II, 1965) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u1edf Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La-tin tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, quan quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111a t\u00e1c. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia l\u00ed lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 Im. Kant, tri\u1ebft gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 K. Marx v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn tri\u1ebft thay \u0111\u1ed5i G. W F. \u00a0Hegel, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi S\u1ef1 C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh (&lt;em&gt;Praxis&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt v\u00e0o L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Liberation Theology&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-liberation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-liberation\/\" >Theology Liberation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology Movement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phong Tr\u00e0o Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc Brevard S. Childs. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 James Barr v\u00e0 James D. Smart, trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1940\u2019s \u2013 1960\u2019s. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n ho\u00e1, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i dung ghi ch\u00e9p Kinh Th\u00e1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Kinh Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecnh Kinh Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn hay l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 L\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 do.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-movement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-movement\/\" >Theology Movement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology of Angels&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Theologia Angelo-rum&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean s\u1ee9. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c linh th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-angels\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-angels\/\" >Theology of Angels<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology of Crisis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o Kh\u1ee7ng Ho\u1ea3ng&lt;\/em&gt; kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee9ng (\u0110\u1ed1i Tho\u1ea1i) &lt;strong&gt;Dialectical Theology&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-crisis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-crisis\/\" >Theology of Crisis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology of Culture&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc V\u0103n H\u00f3a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi trong cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. V\u00ec v\u0103n h\u00f3a thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n: &quot;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Thay \u0110\u1ed5i V\u0103n H\u00f3a Qua 20 Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; v\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc V\u0103n Ho\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. S\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n h\u00f3a, hay h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a (&lt;em&gt;contex-tualizatio&lt;\/em&gt;n) nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-culture\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-culture\/\" >Theology of Culture<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology of Feeling&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u1ea3m X\u00fac&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tri\u1ebft Gia ki\u00eam Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia F. D. E. Schleiermatcher (1768-1834) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n kinh nghi\u1ec7m bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa qua c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u00fac. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Schleier-matcher kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n &quot;&lt;em&gt;t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. C\u00f2n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi &quot;&lt;em&gt;m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n th\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Schleier-matcher&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;)&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-feeling\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-feeling\/\" >Theology of Feeling<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology of Glory&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Vinh Hi\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;theologia gloriae,&lt;\/em&gt; do Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Martin Luther d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o Th\u1ebf K\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 16&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh vinh hi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 minh kh\u1ea3i th\u00e1nh trong s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 g\u00eda c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-glory\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-glory\/\" >Theology of Glory<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology of Hope&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Hy V\u1ecdng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi do Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Jurgen Moltmann (S.1826 - ), \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Theology of Hope, &lt;\/em&gt;1967)&lt;em&gt;, v\u00e0 Religion, Revolution, and the Future, &lt;\/em&gt;1969&lt;em&gt;), &lt;\/em&gt;Ngay sau khi s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i TK trong chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t hy v\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hy v\u1ecdng cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. N\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 hy v\u1ecdng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. N\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u1eeb h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hy v\u1ecdng. N\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc hy v\u1ecdng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 t\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai Ng\u00f4i N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Gi\u0103ng 1:12; 36; 3:16; Mathio 6:36. Roma 3:23; 6:23). Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Fuller, CA, George E. Ladd vi\u1ebft trong quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;The Blessed Hope&lt;\/em&gt; b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o gia nghi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;socialist theologies&lt;\/em&gt;) trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950\u2019s 1960\u2019s sau Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn II. Ng\u00e0y nay, trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng KT \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh quy cho \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean. \u201cTh\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Hy V\u1ecdng\u201d \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho to\u00e0n con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-hope\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-hope\/\" >Theology of Hope<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology of Nature&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 trong c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;em&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-nature\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-nature\/\" >Theology of Nature<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology of Peace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc B\u00ecnh An\/\/ H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh\/\/ L\u00e0m Ho\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh quy v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao, hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai \u0103n n\u0103n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus (Gi\u0103ng 1:12; Rom. 10:36; Rom. 5:1; Eph. 2:15; Math. 5:9; Rom. 12:18; II Cor. 13:11).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-peace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-peace\/\" >Theology of Peace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology of Preacher&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa qua Kinh Th\u00e1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u01a1n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ban cho th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n... Th\u00e1nh Kinh ghi r\u00f5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngay sau khi Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh gi\u00e1ng l\u00e2m. C\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh Jerusalem, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i ra kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 1:8). C\u00e1c S\u00e1ch Th\u01b0 T\u00edn M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5 (&lt;em&gt;Pastoral Epistles&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ea7y. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Proclaimation&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-preacher\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-preacher\/\" >Theology of Preacher<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology of Revival&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;\u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh mang lu\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa qua ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-revival\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-revival\/\" >Theology of Revival<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology of Revivalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng? T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau c\u01a1n ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng? Then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 t\u1ec7, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n, s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng do \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n di\u1ec7u k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tha t\u1ed9i qua d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 con Ng\u00e0i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh an \u00a0c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. R\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 ho\u00e1, l\u00e0m theo \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa giao v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t, \u0111em nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. Qua d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng I v\u00e0 II (&lt;em&gt;Great Awakening I &amp; II&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-revivalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-revivalism\/\" >Theology of Revivalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology of Revolution&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Theology of Hope,&quot; &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Hy V\u1ecdng)&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 cai qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4i N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. Gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia n\u1ed7i b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Jungen Moltmann (\u0110\u1ee9c), Rubem A. Eves v\u00e0 George Ladd (Prof. Fuler, Hoa K\u1ef3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-revolution\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-revolution\/\" >Theology of Revolution<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology of the Blessed&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u01b0\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai trong N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Vision of God&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-the-blessed\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-the-blessed\/\" >Theology of the Blessed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology of the Cross&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Th\u1eadp T\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Theologia Crucis&lt;\/em&gt;. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb do M. Luther (1483-1546) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi &lt;strong&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Vinh Hi\u1ec3n. &lt;\/strong&gt;Cao \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1i kh\u00fac m\u1eafc \u201cth\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-the-cross\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-of-the-cross\/\" >Theology of the Cross<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Archetypal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Si\u00eau M\u1eabu Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;theologia archetypa&lt;\/em&gt;, bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110CT kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c khoa b\u1ea3ng (&lt;em&gt;scholastic age&lt;\/em&gt;), nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 cao si\u00eau, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ebd th\u1eadt cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-archetypal\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-archetypal\/\" >Theology, Archetypal<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Biblical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Kinh Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Chuy\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Christian Theology&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o - v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang sinh ho\u1ea1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi D\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-biblical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-biblical\/\" >Theology, Biblical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Conser-vative&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-conser-vative\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-conser-vative\/\" >Theology, Conser-vative<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Contextual&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc V\u0103n H\u00f3a B\u1ed5n X\u1ee9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;xem&lt;\/em&gt; Contexual Theology.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-contextual\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-contextual\/\" >Theology, Contextual<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Dia-lectical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;xem&lt;\/em&gt; Dialectical Theology.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-dia-lectical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-dia-lectical\/\" >Theology, Dia-lectical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Doc-trinal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc T\u00edn L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-doc-trinal\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-doc-trinal\/\" >Theology, Doc-trinal<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Feminist&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc N\u1eef Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-feminist\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-feminist\/\" >Theology, Feminist<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Higher&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ec9nh Cao&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; do c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed, gi\u00e1o l\u00ed t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n \u0111i v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-higher\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-higher\/\" >Theology, Higher<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Liberal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 Do&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;xem Liberal Theology hay Liberalism.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-liberal\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-liberal\/\" >Theology, Liberal<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Litur-gical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Gi\u00e1o Nghi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;xem &lt;em&gt;Litergical Theology&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-litur-gical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-litur-gical\/\" >Theology, Litur-gical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Monastic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc D\u00f2ng Tu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-monastic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-monastic\/\" >Theology, Monastic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Mystical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Huy\u1ec1n B\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;xem &lt;em&gt;Mystical Theology&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-mystical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-mystical\/\" >Theology, Mystical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Natural&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;xem &lt;em&gt;Natural Theology&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-natural\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-natural\/\" >Theology, Natural<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Norm of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy Lu\u1eadt Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u00fac \u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt m\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1edbc (&lt;em&gt;Meterial Norm&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c (&lt;em&gt;Formal Norm of Theology&lt;\/em&gt;). Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 xem nh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;, c\u00f2n kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;quy lu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Normation&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-norm-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-norm-of\/\" >Theology, Norm of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Pas-toral&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc M\u1ee5c V\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;xem &lt;em&gt;Pastoral Theology&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-pas-toral\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-pas-toral\/\" >Theology, Pas-toral<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Process&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Ti\u1ec7m Ti\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;xem &lt;em&gt;Process Theology&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-process\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-process\/\" >Theology, Process<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theology, Source of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c Ngu\u1ed3n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0: (1) Th\u00e1nh Kinh, (2) L\u1ecbch S\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;), (3) Kinh Nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 (4) Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc. Ri\u00eang Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 xem S\u1ef1 Li\u00ean K\u1ebft v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 2 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-source-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theology-source-of\/\" >Theology, Source of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theomachy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n Chi\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;theomachia&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201c&lt;em&gt;machy\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn. T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 Sa-tan hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3, b\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u1edbi \u00fd Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theomachy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theomachy\/\" >Theomachy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theomorphe&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u00ecnh Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Theo&lt;\/em&gt; (Th\u1ea7n, Ch\u00faa), &lt;em&gt;morphe&lt;\/em&gt; (h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3), l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong Phi-l\u00edp 2:6-9, \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb3n l\u00f2ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3, xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf trong th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theomorphe\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theomorphe\/\" >Theomorphe<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theonomism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n Lu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &quot;&lt;em&gt;theos&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Th\u1ea7n\/ Ch\u00faa); &quot;&lt;em&gt;Normos&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Law, &lt;em&gt;lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb bao g\u1ed3m \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, quy t\u1eafc, quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n Ng\u00e0i. V\u00e0 \u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theonomism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theonomism\/\" >Theonomism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theonomy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Godrule&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Paul-Tillich (1886-1965). \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cai qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n theo quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u00d4ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i ban cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theonomy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theonomy\/\" >Theonomy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theopathy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n C\u1ea3m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &quot;&lt;em&gt;theos&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\/ Th\u1ea7n); &quot;&lt;em&gt;pathy&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (feeling, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac), m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Ch\u00faa ban.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theopathy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theopathy\/\" >Theopathy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theophany&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n Hi\u1ec3n Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;g\u1ed3m &lt;em&gt;theos&lt;\/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;phainesthai&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;appear&lt;\/em&gt;). H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0110CT hi\u1ec7n ra trong s\u1ef1 vinh quang c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 khi Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n ra v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf n\u00fai Si-nai (Xuat 33:17-23).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theophany\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theophany\/\" >Theophany<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theophoroi&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Mang H\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ng\u1ef1 Trong&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p God-bearing, &quot;&lt;em&gt;theos&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (God\/ Ch\u00faa), &quot;&lt;em&gt;pherein&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (to bear). T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111ang &quot;&lt;em&gt;\u1edf gi\u1eefa&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i mang h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theophoroi\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theophoroi\/\" >Theophoroi<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theopneustos&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi H\u00e0 H\u01a1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &quot;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi H\u00e0 H\u01a1i&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; hay l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Th\u1edf V\u00e0o&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ea3m Th\u00fac&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Soi S\u00e1ng\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Inspiration&lt;\/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;God breathed&lt;\/em&gt;) nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Kinh Th\u00e1nh ghi \u1edf II Tim 3:16. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf (&lt;em&gt;Christian Church&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean kh\u1edfi b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theopneustos\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theopneustos\/\" >Theopneustos<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theopoiesis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e2n Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ed3ng Bi\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;theosis (T\u1ea1o N\u00ean Th\u00e1nh)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theopoiesis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theopoiesis\/\" >Theopoiesis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theos&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u0398\u03b5\u1f78\u03c2&lt;\/strong&gt;\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, Th\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;Theos&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy-l\u1ea1p t\u1eeb &quot;&lt;em&gt;Theos&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn &quot;M\u1ed8T TH\u1ea6N CAO C\u1ea2 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea4NG CH\u1ee6 T\u1ec2 V\u1ea0N V\u1eacT, \u0110\u1ea4NG S\u00c1NG T\u1ea0O, \u0110\u1ea4NG CH\u00cd T\u00d4N (Ultimate Being). Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh Tin L\u00e0nh l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus), ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n g\u1ecdi \u00d4ng Tr\u1eddi, \u00d4ng Thi\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay d\u00f9ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o: &quot;&lt;em&gt;\u00f4ng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;th\u1ea7n&quot;&lt;\/em&gt; - m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi hay Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1eeb &quot;&lt;em&gt;theology&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; g\u1ecdi x\u01b0a nay l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;th\u1ea7&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;n &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;h\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Th\u1ea7n (\u0110CT)&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean &quot;&lt;em&gt;theology&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt; ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 \u00fd\u00a0 l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o.\u201d B\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;theology&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng bao c\u1ea5p &lt;em&gt;Shinto Theology&lt;\/em&gt; (Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Hin-du). &lt;em&gt;Buddhist Theology&lt;\/em&gt; (Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o), Liberal Theology (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 Do&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u00ed do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng &lt;em&gt;Christian Theology&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00ec th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Ch\u00e2n Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Bao g\u1ed3m: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n quang to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa K\u1ef3, Anh, \u0110\u1ee9c, m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u1eed d\u00f9ng cho th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 70\u2019s v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Systematic Theology&lt;\/em&gt;, hay &lt;em&gt;Dogmatic Theology&lt;\/em&gt;. Sau 1970, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Christian Theology &lt;\/em&gt;hay&lt;em&gt; Evangelical Theology&lt;\/em&gt; ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 &quot;&lt;em&gt;theology&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theos\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theos\/\" >Theos<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theosophy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Kh\u00f4n Ngoan c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a &quot;&lt;em&gt;Wisdom of God&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m bao n\u1ea1p h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a... T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i &quot;&lt;em&gt;Theosphical Society&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (&lt;em&gt;founded 1875&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m linh m\u1edbi m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theosophy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theosophy\/\" >Theosophy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Theotokos&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc M\u1eb9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &quot;&lt;em&gt;God-bearer&lt;\/em&gt;&quot;. T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u00e0nh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Mary&quot;&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Mother of God: M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Ephesus (431) v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Chalcedon (451) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ. V\u00ec Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u00f3 hai b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;&quot;Mary&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;God- bearer&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi-sinh-Ch\u00faa); do \u0111\u00f3, ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o tin r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u1eeba l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn \u201c&lt;em&gt;Mari m\u1eb9 Ch\u00faa Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u201c&lt;em&gt;M\u1eb9 Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d Ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 1 trong nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i tin v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed GHCG La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1ec1 Mari l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Blessed Virgin Mari&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Mari M\u1eb9 \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea1nh): Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Epheso (431), B\u00e0 Mari \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng thi\u00ean. Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent (1545-1663 qua 3 l\u1ea7n) \u00a0r\u1eb1ng Mari l\u00e0 M\u1eb9 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec3m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa trong GN Vatican II (1962-1965) \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc \u201c&lt;em&gt;M\u1eb9 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, do Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng John Paul XXIII kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theotokos\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/theotokos\/\" >Theotokos<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Third-eye Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ec7-Tam-Nh\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u &lt;em&gt;Choan Seng Song&lt;\/em&gt; (S.1929- ), v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf qua &quot;&lt;em&gt;Con M\u1eaft&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eebng c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec7-tam-nh\u1ea3n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa qua &quot;&lt;em&gt;feeling&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (c\u1ea3m x\u00fac), b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa qua &quot;&lt;em&gt;con m\u1eaft&lt;\/em&gt;&quot; (nh\u00e3n quang) ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed7i v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/third-eye-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/third-eye-theology\/\" >Third-eye Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Third-world Theologies&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng N\u1ec1n Th\u1ea7n H\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ec7-Tam Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ec7 Tam Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi hay Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ee9 Ba, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La-tin, Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 \u1edf Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. N\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/third-world-theologies\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/third-world-theologies\/\" >Third-world Theologies<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Thirteen Articles (1538)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n M\u01b0\u1eddi Ba Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u, 1538&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n La-tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong t\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Thomas Cramer (1489-1556) bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Anh. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n Augsburg Confession (1530) v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/thirteen-articles-1538\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/thirteen-articles-1538\/\" >Thirteen Articles (1538)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Thirty-nine Articles (1563)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u 39, 1563&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u00edn l\u00ed cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh (&lt;em&gt;Church of England)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Episcopal&lt;\/em&gt;) to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 1 b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u00edn l\u00ed gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, n\u1ed9i dung c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00ed ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Calvin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/thirty-nine-articles-1563\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/thirty-nine-articles-1563\/\" >Thirty-nine Articles (1563)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Thomas \u00e0 Kempis (1379-1471)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Thomas \u00e0 Kempis&lt;\/strong&gt; (1379-1471)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u00e2m linh. Thomas thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf kho\u1ea3ng 13 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1edfi v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng Deventer \u1edf Netherlands. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Em (&lt;em&gt;Brethren of the Common Life&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1399. Thomas \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng tu \u1edf Agnietenberg, c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Ch\u00fang \u1edf Windersheim. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng d\u00e0nh h\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o trong n\u00fai Agnes. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf (&lt;em&gt;priest: linh m\u1ee5c hay m\u1ee5c s\u01b0&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong th\u1eddi gian trong vi\u1ec7n tu, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng tu, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;Imitation of Christ&lt;\/em&gt;. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 2 th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y 2000\u2019s-2010\u2019s, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/thomas-a-kempis-1379-1471\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/thomas-a-kempis-1379-1471\/\" >Thomas \u00e0 Kempis (1379-1471)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Thomas Aquinas&lt;\/strong&gt; (1225-1274)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn: \u201cTh\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Doct&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;or of the Church&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Aquino n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng tu Benedictine l\u00fac 5 tu\u1ed5i, sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n qua \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ngo\u00e0i \u1edf ph\u00e1i Dominicans. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1248, Aquinas c\u00f3 l\u00fac h\u1ecdc chung v\u1edbi Bishop Alebert the Great \u1edf vi\u1ec7n Convent c\u1ee7a St. James, Paris; sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi Alebert \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Cologne. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, Thomas tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Paris d\u1ea1y \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1259-1268, \u00f4ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n Curiar \u1edf \u00dd. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Paris (1268-1272). Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Naples, d\u1ea1y \u1edf nh\u00e0 Dominican v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n \u1edf Fossanova, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Lyons, v\u00e0o March 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, 1274. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 1 kho s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. \u00d4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1282 l\u00fac c\u00f2n \u1edf vi\u1ec7n Convent, Paris cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua \u0111\u1eddi. Bao g\u1ed3m 98 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 &lt;em&gt;Summa Theologia&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7y tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng d\u1ea1y trong Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Leo XIII.&lt;br \/&gt;\nSau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Tin v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Augustine, Aquinas. \u0110\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua 5 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Aquinas: (1) \u0110\u1ea5ng B\u1ea5t Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed9ng&lt;em&gt; (Unmoved Moved&lt;\/em&gt;). (2) T\u1eeb H\u1eadu Qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ebfn Nguy\u00ean Nh\u00e2n (&lt;em&gt;From the Effects to a First Cause&lt;\/em&gt;), (3) T\u1eeb H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3 Phi C\u1edb \u0110\u1ebfn M\u1ed9t H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3 C\u1ea7n Thi\u1ebft &lt;em&gt;(From the Contingent Being to a Neccessary Being&lt;\/em&gt;). (4) T\u1eeb Ho\u00e0n H\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ebfn T\u1ed9t B\u1eadc Ho\u00e0n H\u1ea3o (&lt;em&gt;From Perfect to the Perfection&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 (5) T\u1eeb T\u1ea1o V\u1eadt \u0110\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o Trong Thi\u00ean Nhi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;From Designed in Nature to a Designer&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;br \/&gt;\nNgo\u00e0i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean, St. Thomas Aquinas c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi m\u1edbi th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;Epistenology&lt;\/em&gt;), \u00a0Si\u00eau H\u00ecnh H\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;Metaphysics&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ch\u00e2n Thi\u00ean-Nh\u00e2n (&lt;em&gt;True Being \u2013 I am \u2013 man \u2013 God&lt;\/em&gt;).\u00a0 Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec3 H\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;Ontology&lt;\/em&gt;), Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Man&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c (&lt;em&gt;Ethic&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o (&lt;em&gt;Creation).&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/thomas-aquinas-1225-1274\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/thomas-aquinas-1225-1274\/\" >Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Thomism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Thomas&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Sau khi Th\u00e1nh Thomas qua \u0111\u1eddi, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eeba th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1eeba tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy l\u1ef1c l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n t\u01b0 duy m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Thomas chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t trong th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, ch\u1ec9 sau Angustine. Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Thomas qua s\u00e1ch v\u1edf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1ec1 sau cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Thomas l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 13&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng tu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/thomism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/thomism\/\" >Thomism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Thomist&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thomas Th\u1ee9c Gi\u1ea3&lt;\/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Thomas&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/thomist\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/thomist\/\" >Thomist<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tillich, Paul (1886-1918)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tillich, Paul&lt;\/strong&gt; (1886-1918)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn trong l\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Tin L\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Tillich sinh \u1edf l\u00e0ng Starzedeled g\u1ea7n Guben, t\u1ec9nh Prusia (\u0110\u1ee9c). T\u1eeb thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Luther. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 ph\u00e1i Lutheran, r\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn; c\u00f2n m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, r\u1ea5t c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch con kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. T\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i 14, gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 B\u00e1-Linh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t th\u00edch c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 nguy nga v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 v\u1eeba \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n ra kh\u1ecfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn ban tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D) \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Breslaw, qua lu\u1eadn \u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia Schelling. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran, n\u0103m 1912.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn I, \u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Tuy\u00ean \u00day Tin L\u00e0nh. T\u1eeb trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. \u00d4ng d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1920, \u00f4ng t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Hiller v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e3i ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Franfurt 1933. Sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, \u00f4ng sang Hoa K\u1ef3, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0: \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Union, NY (Union Theological Semi-nary, NY), \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Columbia, \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Harward v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Chicago.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 2 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Anh. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Interpretation &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;f History&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1936), \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Protestant E&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;r&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;a&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1936), \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Courage To Be&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1952), \u201c&lt;em&gt;The New Being&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1955), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Morality and B&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;e&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;yond&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1963), \u201c&lt;em&gt;On &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;he &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Boundary&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1966), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Theology o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;f&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; Culture&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1959), \u201c&lt;em&gt;On &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;he Bo&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;nda&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;r&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;y&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1966) v\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Christ and Culture&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa (Text Book) cho nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y nay. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 sau: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan t\u00e2m t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;Being&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0m \u201cT\u00e1ch Bi\u1ec7t Xa L\u1ea1\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Estrangment&lt;\/em&gt;), \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u0111em s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi - m\u1ed9t &lt;em&gt;\u201c&lt;\/em&gt;H\u1eefu Th\u1ec3 M\u1edbi\u201d (&lt;em&gt;New Being&lt;\/em&gt;) (I Cor. 5:17).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tillich-paul-1886-1918\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tillich-paul-1886-1918\/\" >Tillich, Paul (1886-1918)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Time&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eddi Gian&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;hromos\u201d(&lt;\/em&gt;or &lt;em&gt;k&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;airos&lt;\/em&gt; and&lt;em&gt; aion&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;kho\u1ea3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;th\u00fac&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi... \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd th\u1ee9c chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;kairos)&lt;\/em&gt; sau s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i h\u01a1n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec sau, nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian.\u00a0 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong c\u00f5i u minh v\u00e0 c\u00f5i v\u0129nh c\u1eedu &lt;em&gt;(aion).&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/time\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/time\/\" >Time<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tithe\/ Tithing&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u00e2ng Hi\u1ebfn 1\/10&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;apodekatoun&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;to give one-tenth&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc trong S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa khi d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn. (1) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn 1\/10 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf, v\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec3n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa (Ph\u1ee5c 14:22).\u00a0 S\u00e1ch L\u00ea-vi-k\u00fd n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u00e2ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2ng. (2) \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 Phao-l\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m (Math. 23:23) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n tuy\u1ec3n d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, cao h\u01a1n, \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng, h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c, h\u1ebft \u00fd (Luc.10:27; II Cor. 9:6-7). (3) \u00dd th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, d\u00e2ng 1\/10 l\u00e0 l\u00faa gi\u1ed1ng gieo trong ru\u1ed9ng: \u201c&lt;em&gt;v\u00ec&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;gieo nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec g\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u&lt;\/em&gt;,..\u201d theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 (IICor. 9:6-15). Ng\u00e0y nay, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n... c\u00f2n gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n qua s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn r\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tithe-tithing\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tithe-tithing\/\" >Tithe\/ Tithing<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Today\u2019s English Version (TEV, 1976)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Today\u2019s English Version&lt;\/strong&gt; (TEV, 1976)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u201cLinh \u0110\u1ed9ng T\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u1ee9ng\u201d (&lt;em&gt;dynamic-equivadent&lt;\/em&gt;) do H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Kinh American Bible Society. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Good News Bible (GNB). \u00dd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc (ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp 9). Tr\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch xong v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1976, ri\u00eang T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1966.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/todays-english-version-tev-1976\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/todays-english-version-tev-1976\/\" >Today\u2019s English Version (TEV, 1976)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tokedo, Councils of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Tokedo&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 16 l\u1ea7n h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m do Vua Visigoth tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u1edf Tokedo, Spain, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 589 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 702. C\u00f3 2 gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (397-527), c\u1ea3 2 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1eafm. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 cho h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb3n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tokedo-councils-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tokedo-councils-of\/\" >Tokedo, Councils of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tolerance, Religious&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u00f2ng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Dung Th\u1ee9 T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;tolerantia&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;bearing&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;supp&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;orting&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;endurance&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;).&lt;\/em&gt; N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, cho ph\u00e9p x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9, nh\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecbn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tolerance-religious\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tolerance-religious\/\" >Tolerance, Religious<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Toleration Act (1689)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1eafc L\u1ec7nh Dung Th\u1ee9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Anh ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Vua William III nh\u1eb1m cung \u1ee9ng (&lt;em&gt;cho ph\u00e9p&lt;\/em&gt;) cho nh\u1eefng ai thu\u1ed9c phi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Anh Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh (mission) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ecdc KT t\u1ea1i t\u01b0 gia (l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u1edf khu ph\u1ed1 hay t\u01b0 gia).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/toleration-act-1689\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/toleration-act-1689\/\" >Toleration Act (1689)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Torah&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p, Kinh Lu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Law&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;Instruction&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho M\u00f4i-se t\u1ea1i n\u00fai Si-nai v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt (&lt;em&gt;lu\u1eadt, l\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y (&lt;em&gt;instructions&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho tuy\u1ec3n d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i. Trong d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i, t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;To&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;r&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;ah\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00dd Ch\u00faa. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Torah&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh bao g\u1ed3m 5 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc do M\u00f4i-se. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1c kh\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho vi\u1ebft ra trong kho\u1ea3ng 1500 BC, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Pentateuch&lt;\/em&gt; (Ng\u0169 Kinh). C\u0169ng n\u00ean ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Tanakh&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 KT to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i (g\u1ed3m 3 ph\u1ea7n):&lt;em&gt; Torah &lt;\/em&gt;(Law,Pentateuch, Ng\u0169 Kinh); &lt;em&gt;Nebi\u2019im&lt;\/em&gt; (Prophets, Ti\u00ean Tri), v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Katubim&lt;\/em&gt; (Writings, V\u0103n Th\u01a1), h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Kinh Tin L\u00e0nh, n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1ed1ng nhau.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/torah\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/torah\/\" >Torah<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Total Depravity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ho\u00e0n To\u00e0n B\u1ea5t N\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Calvin v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch, cho r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, v\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u00e2y quanh m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng ban cho c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c mi\u1ec5n m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 1 trong 5 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTULIP\u201d \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong s\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Calvin m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Synod of Dort (1618-1619) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/total-depravity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/total-depravity\/\" >Total Depravity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Total Inability&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea5t N\u0103ng Ho\u00e0n To\u00e0n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/total-inability\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/total-inability\/\" >Total Inability<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Totalistic Relativism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft L\u00ed T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ed1i To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/totalistic-relativism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/totalistic-relativism\/\" >Totalistic Relativism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tradicianist of the Soul&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Truy\u1ec1n L\u01b0u c\u1ee7a Linh H\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;kh\u00e1c &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;tradu-cianism&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;. Thuy\u1ebft l\u00fd cho r\u1eb1ng linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u01b0u t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i do \u00f4ng b\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn con c\u00e1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tradicianist-of-the-soul\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tradicianist-of-the-soul\/\" >Tradicianist of the Soul<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tradition&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;\u201cparadosis,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Traditio&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d ra t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c \u201c&lt;em&gt;tradere&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (to deliver, to handover) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: trao l\u1ea1i, trao cho, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 sau. Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ec3 Jesus: l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi - l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai kh\u00e1c! Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tradition\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tradition\/\" >Tradition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Traditional Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/traditional-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/traditional-theology\/\" >Traditional Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Traditionalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Duy Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin t\u1ed1t trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng n\u00f3i chung.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/traditionalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/traditionalism\/\" >Traditionalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Traducianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Linh, \/\/ Truy\u1ec1n H\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng linh h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do cha m\u1eb9 truy\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng cho con c\u00e1i, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;genera-tionism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng). \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u201c&lt;em&gt;creationism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o), n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o linh h\u1ed3n m\u1edbi cho m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngay khi th\u1ee5 thai.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/traducianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/traducianism\/\" >Traducianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transcen-dential Philosophy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Si\u00eau Bi\u1ebfn Si\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia Imm. Kant (1724-1804) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00f4ng b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c si\u00eau th\u1ef1c...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transcen-dential-philosophy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transcen-dential-philosophy\/\" >Transcen-dential Philosophy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transcendence of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Si\u00eau Bi\u1ebfn Si\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1edfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 20, c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u0110CT hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110CT ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u00e0 c\u00f2n can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;transcendence&lt;\/em&gt; di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 si\u00eau bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110CT cao c\u1ea3, kh\u1ea3 tri v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;ti\u1ebfp&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1ee5c sau &lt;strong&gt;Trancen&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;den&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;tialism&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transcendence-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transcendence-of-god\/\" >Transcendence of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transcendential Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Si\u00eau Bi\u1ebfn Si\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 si\u00eau bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transcendential-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transcendential-theology\/\" >Transcendential Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transcendential Thomasism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Si\u00eau Bi\u1ebfn Si\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t Thomas&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 qua t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transcendential-thomasism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transcendential-thomasism\/\" >Transcendential Thomasism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transcendentialism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Si\u00eau Bi\u1ebfn Si\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia Ralph W. Emerson (1803-1882) v\u00e0 Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u201csi\u00eau vi\u1ec7t\u201d ngo\u00e0i khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 soi s\u00e1ng. Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, si\u00eau bi\u1ebfn, si\u00eau th\u1ef1c. T\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;si\u00eau&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;cao h\u01a1n\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; con m\u1eaft tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn qua t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c quan. Xa h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 cao si\u00eau trong c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, c\u00f5i v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, c\u00f5i u minh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;si\u00eau bi\u1ebfn\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, linh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;Si\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng cao c\u1ea3, t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng l\u00ed tr\u00ed, t\u01b0 duy, suy nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn qua t\u00e2m linh ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c... Trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Transcendentialism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i si\u00eau h\u00ecnh ngo\u00e0i l\u00ed tr\u00ed suy lu\u1eadn. Tri\u1ebft Gia Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c tri\u1ebft th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc &lt;em&gt;trans-cendentialism&lt;\/em&gt;, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;si\u00eau bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; trong ni\u1ec1m tin, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1eeba si\u00eau bi\u1ebfn si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eeba n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 si\u00eau th\u1ef1c (\u201c&lt;em&gt;immanence&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d). Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i qua s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00fac, qua ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 qua s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. C\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 nh\u01b0 Karl Barth (1889-1968), Karl Rahner (1904-1984) v\u00e0 Barnard Lonergaw (1904-1985) \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transcendentialism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transcendentialism\/\" >Transcendentialism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transcendentialism Me-ditation, TM&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ni\u1ec7m Si\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t, Thi\u1ec1n Si\u00eau, TM&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tu thi\u1ec1n, t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0 m\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i Hin-\u0111u do c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y \u201c&lt;em&gt;guru&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y do Swami Brahmananda Saraswati (Holyman). Nguy\u00ean b\u1ed5n TM l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng do Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 M. Yogi l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a S. B. Saraswati ph\u00e1i TM \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1959 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c, TM kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transcendentialism-me-ditation-tm\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transcendentialism-me-ditation-tm\/\" >Transcendentialism Me-ditation, TM<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transcendentialism, Kant\u2019s&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Si\u00eau Bi\u1ebfn Si\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t C\u1ee7a Kant&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac si\u00eau th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 Kant \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y qua s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng trong t\u00e2m, trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m hay l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transcendentialism-kants\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transcendentialism-kants\/\" >Transcendentialism, Kant\u2019s<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transfiguration of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Bi\u1ebfn H\u00ecnh C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7y vinh hi\u1ec3n ch\u00f3i l\u00f2a v\u1edbi 2 ti\u00ean tri kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u00ca-li v\u00e0 M\u00f4i-se, kh\u00fac kinh v\u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p \u1edf Ma-thi-\u01a1 7:1-13; M\u00e1c 9:2-13 v\u00e0 Lu-ca 9:28-36. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n dung s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i \u0111\u1eb9p tuy\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00faa Jesus hi\u1ec7n ra trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 vinh hi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c sinh, th\u0103ng thi\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa; ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 ca t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o\u00a0 ng\u00e0y 6\/8. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc M\u00f9a Chay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transfiguration-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transfiguration-of-christ\/\" >Transfiguration of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transformation of life&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Bi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed5i \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong ni\u1ec1m tin C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed7i t\u00edn h\u1eefu, ngay sau khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y do Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, ban quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p \u1edf c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Gi\u0103ng 3; Ga-la-ti 5; \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 5; II C\u00f4-rin-t\u00f4 5:17. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh, hay t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt m\u1edbi. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00edch hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transformation-of-life\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transformation-of-life\/\" >Transformation of life<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transforming Grace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Bi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed5i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transforming-grace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transforming-grace\/\" >Transforming Grace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transgression&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vi Ph\u1ea1m T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;Para-bainein&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;transgredi&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;to step over),&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong khi \u0111i trong Sa M\u1ea1c Si-nai, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a. N\u00f3i ri\u00eang, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 ph\u1ea1m vi m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cvi ph\u1ea1m\u201d lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. Trong s\u00e1ch L\u00ea-vi-k\u00fd c\u00f3 ghi r\u00f5 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2ng T\u1ebf L\u1ec5 Chu\u1ed9c Vi Ph\u1ea1m (Xu\u1ea5t 34:7; Thi 32:1; Rom. 5:14; Gal. 6: 1).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transgression\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transgression\/\" >Transgression<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transignification&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ebfn H\u00f3a \u00dd Ngh\u0129a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, khi c\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong l\u00fac d\u00f9ng L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u201cth\u00e2n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201chuy\u1ebft\u201dc\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, theo nghi th\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a khi c\u1ea7m b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ch\u00e9n l\u00fac d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 c\u00f3 \u201cs&lt;em&gt;\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf theo l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transignification\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transignification\/\" >Transignification<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Translation of Persons&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chuy\u1ec3n D\u1ecbch\/ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em l\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng \u0111ang khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Enoc (H\u00ea-n\u00f3c) \u1edf C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc (S\u00e1ng 5:24; Heb. 11:5) v\u00e0 Elijal (II Vua 2:11).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/translation-of-persons\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/translation-of-persons\/\" >Translation of Persons<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Translation, Biblical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 (C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc) v\u00e0 Greek (T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y mang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh hay nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/translation-biblical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/translation-biblical\/\" >Translation, Biblical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transmi-gration of the Soul&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea7u Thai, Chuy\u1ec3n Ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Linh H\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u thai chuy\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfp qua nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n qua c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o hay c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng. C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y v\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c\u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Metampsychosis&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transmi-gration-of-the-soul\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transmi-gration-of-the-soul\/\" >Transmi-gration of the Soul<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transmigration of Souls&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i Linh H\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Soul, Transmigration of the)&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transmigration-of-souls\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transmigration-of-souls\/\" >Transmigration of Souls<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transubstantiation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ebfn H\u00ecnh Th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Transubstantiatio&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;essential change&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 trong bu\u1ed5i L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus trong khi\u00a0 c\u00e1c \u201c&lt;em&gt;ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Consubstantialism.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;The Supper&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;).&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transubstantiation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transubstantiation\/\" >Transubstantiation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Transvaluation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chuy\u1ec3n Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1eef gi\u1edbi, t\u00e1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 che khu\u1ea5t vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong nh\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transvaluation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/transvaluation\/\" >Transvaluation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Treacle Bible (1539)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh Kinh D\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u1ec7u, 1539&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ean d\u00e0nh cho B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Miles Coverdale (1488-1568), v\u00ec c\u1edb b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra cho T\u00e2n Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u \u1edf Ga-la-\u00e1t sao?&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (D\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i). (\u201c&lt;em&gt;Trong Ga-la-\u00e1t h\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u01a1ng sao?&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d BTT), (treacles: d\u1ea7u thoa tr\u1ecb v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c do r\u1eafn c\u1eafn) hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;d\u1ea7u thoa d\u1ecbu v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Gi\u00ea 8:22). Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;theriake&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;theriaca&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (antidote against the bite of a serpent hay antidote against poison).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/treacle-bible-1539\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/treacle-bible-1539\/\" >Treacle Bible (1539)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Treasury of Merit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kho T\u00e0ng C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh hay b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o kho t\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. Trong th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c mua b\u00e1n \u201c&lt;em&gt;b\u00f9a x\u00f3a t\u1ed9i.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00fap anh em t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh. G\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 kho t\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/treasury-of-merit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/treasury-of-merit\/\" >Treasury of Merit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e2y Bi\u1ebft Thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00c1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh, Ch\u00faa d\u1eb7n b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng b\u00e0 \u201cA-\u0111am v\u00e0 \u00ca-va\u201d, \u201c&lt;em&gt;v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y bi\u1ebft thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c th\u00ec con kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n; v\u00ec khi \u0103n tr\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn con s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (D\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i).\u00a0 &lt;em&gt;\u201cNh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u1edb h\u1ec1 \u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn; v\u00ec m\u1ed9t mai ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0103n ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft\u201c(BTT)&lt;\/em&gt;.\u00a0 Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, khi Sa-tan c\u00e1m d\u1ed7, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n, n\u00ean h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 mang s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0o cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 m\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i hay s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y: (1) V\u00ec tr\u00e1i l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, (2) V\u00ec tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u201c\u0111\u1ed9c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed9c\u201d mang s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, (3) V\u00ec Sa-tan c\u00e1m d\u1ed7, (4) V\u00ec b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. B\u1ed1n l\u00ed do tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u00ed c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (1) B\u1ea5t v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 (2) \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xa c\u00e1ch Ch\u00faa v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng sinh l\u00e3o b\u1ec7nh t\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eed ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i \u201cm\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao\u201d v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh c\u1eefu \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau qua s\u1ef1 \u201cv\u00e2ng l\u1eddi\u201d khi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi theo Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tree-of-the-knowledge-of-good-and-evil\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tree-of-the-knowledge-of-good-and-evil\/\" >Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trent, Council of (1545-1563)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trent, Council of&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(1545-1563)&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 - Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent (1543-1563), c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 GN Trent I, tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Paul III, nh\u1eb1m theo \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 minh t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong c\u00f9ng Th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Martin Luther. Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1545-1563 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 18 n\u0103m li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh 3 ph\u1ea7n. &lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea7n 1:&lt;\/em&gt; Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1-10 (12\/45-6\/47) d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Paul III. &lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea7n 2:&lt;\/em&gt; Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11-16 (5\/51-4\/52), d\u01b0\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Julius III. &lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea7n 3&lt;\/em&gt;: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 17-25 (1\/1562-12\/1563) d\u01b0\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pius IV. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 sau: &lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea7n 1&lt;\/em&gt;: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Nicene, 325AD: nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ni\u1ec1m tin, l\u1ebd th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh t\u00edch, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Luther. &lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea7n 2&lt;\/em&gt;: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh GHCG kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u1ec5 trong Ph\u00e1i Luther (&lt;em&gt;Tran-&lt;br \/&gt;\nsubtantialism &lt;\/em&gt;kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi &lt;em&gt;Consubstantialism&lt;\/em&gt;). Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Calvin v\u00e0 Zwingli (&lt;em&gt;Symbolism&lt;\/em&gt;). &lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea7n 3:&lt;\/em&gt; X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc, c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf trong l\u1ec5. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111i ra, phong ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Tu ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh Vulgate, B\u1ea3n To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent... K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 18 n\u0103m qua 3 \u0111\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 su\u1ed1t 4 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trent-council-of-1545-1563\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trent-council-of-1545-1563\/\" >Trent, Council of (1545-1563)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trial&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eed Th\u00e1ch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;dokimasia,&lt;\/em&gt; La-tin &lt;em&gt;tentatio, &lt;\/em&gt;d\u1ecbch l\u00e0&lt;em&gt; th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, c\u00e1m d\u1ed7.&lt;\/em&gt; L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9c tin do Sa-tan c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh l\u00f4i k\u00e9o t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa. (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Temptation)&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trial\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trial\/\" >Trial<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tribulation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u01a1n \u0110\u1ea1i N\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tribulation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tribulation\/\" >Tribulation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tribulation Period&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Great Tribulation, Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i N\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u201ctribulation\u201d (&lt;strong&gt;\u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n&lt;\/strong&gt;) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng trong Kinh C\u01af, \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u201cho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n\u201d th\u00ec c\u00f3. Trong T\u01af, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Ma-thi-\u01a1: 24:9, B\u1ea3n KJ, \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u00a0Then shall they deliver you up unto &lt;strong&gt;tribulation&lt;\/strong&gt;, and shall kill you: and ye shall be hated of all the nations for my name&#039;s sake.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; Nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Ng\u1eef, BTT, \u201c&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd n\u1ed9p c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i trong s\u1ef1 &lt;strong&gt;ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n&lt;\/strong&gt; v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft \u0111i; c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n ghen gh\u00e9t v\u00ec danh ta&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d Trong b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Ng\u1eef g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;.\u201d kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a \u201c&lt;strong&gt;\u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian, hay l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t\u2026 m\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ch Ma-thi-\u01a1 24:21, n\u00f3i \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n l\u1edbn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u2026\u201d (&lt;em&gt;\u03b8\u03bb\u03af\u03c8\u03b9\u03c2\u00a0\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7&lt;\/em&gt; - great tri-bulation) m\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5n kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u1edbn trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i sau r\u1ed1t, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u01a1n \u0110\u1ea1i N\u1ea1n Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c.\u201d T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Thi\u00ean Qu\u1ea3n (&lt;em&gt;Dispensa-tionalism&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 7 n\u0103m ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 1000 n\u0103m b\u00ecnh an (Math.24:21-30; Rom 5:3;\u00a0 12:12; II Cor 1:4; Kh\u1ea3i 1: 9; 2: 8). C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u00fd kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;em&gt;Millennialism, Premillenialism&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tribulation-period\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tribulation-period\/\" >Tribulation Period<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tribulation Views&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi- k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n. \u201c&lt;em&gt;Pre-\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;, \u201c&lt;em&gt;mid-&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;post-tribulationism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (ti\u1ec1n, gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n). (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Fundamentalism&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tribulation-views\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tribulation-views\/\" >Tribulation Views<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trichotomism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Tam Ph\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia ra l\u00e0m 3 ph\u1ea7n: th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n (I T\u00eas. 5:22). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u00f3 2 ph\u1ea7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 Linh H\u1ed3n (Math. 10:28).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trichotomism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trichotomism\/\" >Trichotomism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trichotomy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tam Ph\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trichotomy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trichotomy\/\" >Trichotomy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tridentime&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Tridentimus&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cof Trent\u201d. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ebft t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent (1545-1563) c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. \u00dd r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc quy lu\u1eadt m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5, gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong GHCG La-m\u00e3 m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tridentime\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tridentime\/\" >Tridentime<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trilogy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00e1c Ph\u1ea9m Ba Cu\u1ed1n\/ B\u1ed9 Ba\/ Ba Ph\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trilogy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trilogy\/\" >Trilogy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trini-tarian Social Analo-gies of the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Sinh Ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eebng ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 trong Ba Ng\u00f4i L\u00e0 M\u1ed9t.&lt;strong&gt;\u00a0 &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trini-tarian-social-analo-gies-of-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trini-tarian-social-analo-gies-of-the\/\" >Trini-tarian Social Analo-gies of the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trinitarian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thu\u1ed9c Tam V\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian\/\" >Trinitarian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trinitarian Economic&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00edn L\u00ed Ch\u1ee9c N\u0103ng Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;xem &lt;em&gt;Economic Trinitarian&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian-economic\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian-economic\/\" >Trinitarian Economic<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trinitarian Immanent&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Si\u00eau Th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian-immanent\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian-immanent\/\" >Trinitarian Immanent<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trinitarian Mysticism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 M\u1ea7u Nhi\u1ec7m\/ Huy\u1ec1n B\u00ed Trong Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian-mysticism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian-mysticism\/\" >Trinitarian Mysticism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trinitarian Properties&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ednh T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;gi\u00e1o l\u00ed v\u1ec1 m\u1ed7i Ng\u00f4i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi nhau.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian-properties\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian-properties\/\" >Trinitarian Properties<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trinitarian Properties&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadn Trong Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eebng ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian-properties-2\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian-properties-2\/\" >Trinitarian Properties<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trinitarian, Docttrine of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00edn L\u00ed\/ Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian-docttrine-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian-docttrine-of\/\" >Trinitarian, Docttrine of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trinitarian, Psychological Anologies of the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;X\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u00e2m L\u00ed c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u t\u00e2m l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Oneness&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d or \u201c&lt;em&gt;Threeness&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (\u0110\u1ed9c t\u00f4n, \u0110\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t, Tam T\u00f4n, Tam Nh\u1ea5t).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian-psychological-anologies-of-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarian-psychological-anologies-of-the\/\" >Trinitarian, Psychological Anologies of the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trinitarianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Tam V\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinitarianism\/\" >Trinitarianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trinity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i\/ Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i L\u00e0 M\u1ed9t\/ Tam V\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;Christianity&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 (&lt;em&gt;Roman Catholic Church)&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 Ba Ng\u00f4i V\u1ecb: &lt;strong&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha&lt;\/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con&lt;\/strong&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/strong&gt;. Ba Ng\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng &lt;strong&gt;b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;substance&lt;\/em&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;b\u1ea3n&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;th\u1ec3&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;being&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;b\u1ea3n&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;t\u00ednh&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;essense&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb ng\u1eef Trinity \u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn sau n\u1ea7y.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (Gi\u0103ng, Phao-l\u00f4, Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1, Gia-c\u01a1). V\u00e0 trong to\u00e0n Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u1ea3 C\u01af v\u00e0 T\u01af \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 sau (1) Trong s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, S\u00e1ng 1:1-3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o (&lt;em&gt;Creator&lt;\/em&gt;) b\u1eb1ng L\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;Word&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n Ch\u00faa (&lt;em&gt;Spirit&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. (2) Trong l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri, \u00ca-sai 9:6, \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0: Con tr\u1ebb, \u0110CT quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng, Cha \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (3) Trong L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem, c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Cha, c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u01b0 chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadu tr\u00ean Ch\u00faa Jesus, Math. 3:13-17. (4) L\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng&lt;em&gt;, &lt;\/em&gt;Gi\u0103ng 1:1-2, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Logos) l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi,.. Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi (Con) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt\u2026\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(5) Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Jesus x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, Gi\u0103ng 10:30&lt;em&gt;,&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ta&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Con) v\u00e0 Cha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d (6) Trong S\u1ef1 Ch\u00fac Ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4, II C\u00f4-rin-t\u00f4 13:13, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Nguy\u1ec7n xin&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh \u1edf v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 anh em\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (BTTH\u0110). (7) Trong s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i cho S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng, Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n 21, 22, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 3 ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Con v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 t\u1eeb Th\u1ee9 I \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9 III, c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 tin ch\u1eafc, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00edn l\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. C\u00e1c S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4, Gi\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 III, x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1eadu s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 (c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau.&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Arius (250AD-336AD), B\u1eafc Phi. \u00d4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 theo \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 \u201cCon\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng \u201cousia, &lt;em&gt;being, b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u1edbi \u201dCh\u00faa Cha\u201d v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea1o v\u1eadt\u201d ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng \u201csinh b\u1edfi\u201d Ch\u00faa Cha, n\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u0103m 325AD, Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Nisaea, do Vua Cons-tantine tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp, c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 300 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c c\u00e1c n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, d\u1ee9t ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ra kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft, sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh.\u201d T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh Linh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng (homoousios, &lt;em&gt;substance, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Cha.\u00a0 M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 chia r\u1ebd, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed, t\u00edn l\u00ed sai l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00e1c h\u1eadu Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 HT v\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 tranh bi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n h\u1ecdp trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00a0n\u0103m 381 AD t\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Cons-tantinople I, do Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Theodosius I tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp, Nhi\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c c\u00e1c n\u01a1i v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdp. Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i GN Nicea, 325AD, v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Trinity: Ba Ng\u00f4i l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t, nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i L\u00e0 M\u1ed9t - Tam V\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t t\u00edn h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Ngo\u00e0i ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u00ean, v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u tranh bi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa cho Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh, Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng qua s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh HT, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 HT, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 soi s\u00e1ng HT \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ni\u1ec1m tin n\u1ea7y cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Ba Ng\u00f4i c\u00f9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qua 3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn chung. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi, t\u00edn l\u00ed Trinity, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn l\u00ed kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng, gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng g\u00e0, c\u00f3 3 ph\u1ea7n, c\u1ea3 3 tuy c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t. C\u00f3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 H2O, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Kh\u00ed, N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00e1. C\u1ea3 3 tuy kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. \u00a0M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00ed kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t trong suy lu\u1eadn l\u00ed tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p trong ni\u1ec1m tin, s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t linh h\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec3n t\u1ea3 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd cho gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, \u0110TL v\u00e0 \u0110CT nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a &lt;strong&gt;m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt &lt;\/strong&gt;n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n trong &lt;strong&gt;m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/strong&gt; bao la&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d V\u00ec m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, hay m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn th\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau th\u00f4i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinity\/\" >Trinity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trinity Sunday&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, Th\u00e1nh L\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ngay sau L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 cung k\u00ednh c\u1eed L\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Ba Ng\u00f4i Th\u00e1nh (Holy Trinity).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinity-sunday\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trinity-sunday\/\" >Trinity Sunday<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trio-Isaiah&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Isaiah-Tam Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ch \u00ca-sai chia l\u00e0m 3 ph\u1ea7n (Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 c\u00f3 11 \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t, th\u00eam v\u00e0o. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong KT). \u0110a s\u1ed1 cho r\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ch \u00ca-sai c\u00f3 2 ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0: t\u1eeb Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1-39 (C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 44-66 (T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc), gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 C\u01af c\u00f3 39 s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 T\u01af c\u00f3 27 s\u00e1ch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trio-isaiah\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trio-isaiah\/\" >Trio-Isaiah<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trisagon&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tam Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201c&lt;em&gt;thrice holy&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (ba l\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh). M\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1eddi \u201c&lt;em&gt;Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immotal have mercy on us.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (GHCT\u0110P), c\u00f9ng chung v\u1edbi c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Holy, Holy, Holy&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (\u00ca-sai 6:3).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trisagon\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trisagon\/\" >Trisagon<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tritheism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Ba Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ba Ch\u00faa kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tritheism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tritheism\/\" >Tritheism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Triune&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ba Ng\u00f4i L\u00e0 M\u1ed9t - Tam V\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/triune\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/triune\/\" >Triune<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Triunity of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ba Ng\u00f4i V\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Chi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 ra l\u00e0: &lt;strong&gt;Tri&lt;\/strong&gt; (ba), &lt;strong&gt;Une&lt;\/strong&gt; (m\u1ed9t), t\u1ee9c &lt;strong&gt;Ba l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t, &lt;\/strong&gt;t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1&lt;strong&gt; Trinity&lt;\/strong&gt;. Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o d\u00f9ng chung t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u201c&lt;em&gt;Trinity&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d - Ba Ng\u00f4i V\u1ecb H\u1ee3p Nh\u1ea5t - \/\/ &lt;em&gt;Th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;. \u201cTriunity\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Ba Ng\u00f4i L\u00e0 M\u1ed9t&lt;\/em&gt; hay &lt;em&gt;Tam V\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3)&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed9c Nh\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai kh\u00e1c c\u00f3! Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng! Tuy r\u1eb1ng qua nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0y v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. T\u00edn L\u00ed Ba Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u qua c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee9ng g\u00e0 (v\u1ecf, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafng, tr\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecf), n\u01b0\u1edbc (th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng, th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1, th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i). Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb Trinity lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i: \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3, c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 (&lt;em&gt;being&lt;\/em&gt;), b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t (&lt;em&gt;sub-stance&lt;\/em&gt;), b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh (&lt;em&gt;essense&lt;\/em&gt;). (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;God&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/triunity-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/triunity-of-god\/\" >Triunity of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tropici&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n S\u1ee9 Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV, c\u00f3 1 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0 thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 cao nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e1nh. Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed n\u00e0y b\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Athanasius (C. 293AD-373AD) kh\u1eb3ng quy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. Sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong HT n\u1eefa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tropici\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tropici\/\" >Tropici<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tropological Sense of Scrip-ture&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00dd Tr\u1eebu T\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t trong 4 \u00fd ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh. \u00dd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00ed trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?..&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tropological-sense-of-scrip-ture\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tropological-sense-of-scrip-ture\/\" >Tropological Sense of Scrip-ture<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;True Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb mang ngh\u0129a trong s\u00e1ch Kh\u1ea3i Huy\u1ec1n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2-3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c qua s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4, Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1, v\u00e0 Gi\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u00edn. H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u1eadt mang c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00e2y. (1) G\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ai tin th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Ng\u00e0i, (2) S\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng qua d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, (3) T\u00f4n th\u1edd Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, (4) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t, (5) Tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd Ch\u00faa Jesus tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt; theo l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a, (6) V\u1edbi l\u00f2ng trung t\u00edn th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa h\u1eb1ng tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng theo Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u (Gi\u0103ng 3, Gal. 5).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/true-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/true-church\/\" >True Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Trullan Synod (692)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trullan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00edn (ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Thillus&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d) \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Justinian II, trong ho\u00e0ng cung Constantinople. H\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 N\u0103m (553) v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u (680).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trullan-synod-692\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/trullan-synod-692\/\" >Trullan Synod (692)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Truth&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd, L\u1ebd th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;strong&gt;\u1f00\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;al\u00e8theia&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 La-tin &lt;em&gt;veritas,&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. Trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh cao c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, th\u00e0nh t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o (Ph\u1ee5c 32:4); v\u00e0 \u1edf Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus (Gi\u0103ng 14:6).&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec, \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d (truth) c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. C\u00f3 3 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d: (1) B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eadt (&lt;em&gt;facts&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che \u0111\u1eady nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u00ed \u1ea9n b\u00ean trong, m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng \u00edt n\u1eefa n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. (2) L\u00ed lu\u1eadn (reason). C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, trong suy lu\u1eadn tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, hay trong lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nh\u1edd suy lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. (3) V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh th\u00ec sao? L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong t\u1ea7m s\u1ee9c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy lu\u1eadn, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi?... V\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ec3 r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n,.. th\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u2026Do \u0110CT t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. \u0110CT l\u1ea5y g\u00ec t\u1ea1o n\u00ean? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u2026 \u0110CT ph\u00e1n th\u00ec c\u00f3\u2026 l\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta tin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n!.. T\u1eeb l\u00e2u ch\u00fang ta tin l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? V\u00ec ch\u00fang ta tin \u0110CT l\u1ea7 \u0111\u1ea5ng to\u00e0n n\u0103ng\u2026 Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3\u2026 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cb\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin\u201d, nh\u01b0ng \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hay gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i xa h\u01a1n, thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?.. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, l\u00ed lu\u1eadn cho c\u00f9ng, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta tin b\u1edfi \u201c\u0111\u1ee9c tin nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nB\u00e0n s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;truth&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d mang nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, lu\u1eadn l\u00ed, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc. Kinh Th\u00e1nh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng theo theo l\u1ebd th\u1eadt. v\u00e0 t\u00ecm bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n l\u00ed. nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecm \u1edf \u0111au m\u00e0 c\u00f3 hay hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n l\u00ed tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. S\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4, khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta,\u00a0\u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1ebd th\u1eadt&lt;\/strong&gt;.\u00a0\u00a0V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng Trung b\u1ea3o \u1edf gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa J\u00easus Christ, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p t\u1eeb m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 khan, kh\u00fac m\u1eafc, nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201cl\u1ebd th\u1eadt\u201d n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i,\u201d l\u00e0 l\u00e1o, gian d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Sa-tan l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Liar&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (\u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e1o). \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nS\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng l\u1ebd th\u1eadt hay ch\u00e2n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 l\u00ed lu\u1eadn, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00e0 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 Con Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su. Trong s\u00e1ch Gi\u0103ng 14:6, \u201c&lt;em&gt;V\u1eady \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa J\u00easus \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng: &lt;strong&gt;Ta l\u00e0&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i&lt;\/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;l\u1ebd th\u1eadt&lt;\/strong&gt;, v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng&lt;\/strong&gt;; ch\u1eb3ng b\u1edfi ta th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng Cha.\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt, trong Ng\u00e0i mang ch\u00e2n l\u00ed, c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed. C\u00e2u n\u00e0y trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p: &lt;em&gt;\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7 \u1f38\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 \u1f18\u03b3\u03ce \u03b5\u1f30\u03bc\u03b9 \u1f21 \u1f41\u03b4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f21 \u1f00\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f21 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae. &lt;\/em&gt;N\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0, \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ta ch\u00ednh Ta&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, Ch\u00e2n L\u00ed, v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng&lt;\/strong&gt;\u2026\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; Ng\u00e0i, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, Ch\u00e2n L\u00ed v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng.&lt;br \/&gt;\nV\u00e0 n\u1ebfu trong m\u1ecdi ng\u1ecf l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n l\u00ed, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, \u201c&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 8:32) (BTTH\u0110) v\u00e0, &lt;em&gt;\u00a0\u201cK\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t; c\u00f2n Ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u1ea7u cho chi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0 d\u1eadt.\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Gi\u0103ng 10:10).&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, 2 c\u00e2u tr\u00ean cho ch\u00fang ta 3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a: (1) Ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt, ch\u00e2n l\u00ed. Ch\u00e2n L\u00ed l\u00e0 Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nan \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u00fac m\u1eafc, r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. (2) L\u1ebd Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft, hi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng suy lu\u1eadn, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n, xa v\u1eddi h\u01a1n\u2026 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, v\u00e0 (3) L\u1ebd Th\u1eadt c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ban cho, M\u1ed9t khi ch\u00fang ta tin nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh phong ph\u00fa d\u01b0 d\u1eadt.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/truth\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/truth\/\" >Truth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Truthfulness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ch\u00e2n Th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u00edn, s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. (C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc: II Sam. 2:6; I Vua 17:24; Thi 152: 2; 25:5; 33: 4; 86:1; 91:4; 100:5; 119:151; \u00ca-sai 25:1; 48:1; Gi\u00ea. 4:2; v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc: Math. 22:16; M\u00e1c 12:12; Gi\u0103ng 1:14; 4:24; 16:13; 18:38; R\u00f4-ma 1:18, 25; 9:1; Gal. 2:5; I Tim. 2:4-5).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/truthfulness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/truthfulness\/\" >Truthfulness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tubingen School&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Tubingen, \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 1 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Th\u00e1nh Kinh Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, sau c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tubingen University (\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc), n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 \u0111\u1ebfn nay. T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt l\u00ed r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u00f4n \u201cB\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea9m S\u1eed\u201d (&lt;em&gt;historical-critical&lt;\/em&gt;) do h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 F. C. Bauc (1792-1860) v\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u201cDuy T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc\u201d (&lt;em&gt;idealism&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a G. W. F. Hegel (1720-1831) \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o s\u1eed h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh kinh h\u1ecdc. Ngo\u00e0i ra, tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c trong l\u00e0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tubingen-school\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tubingen-school\/\" >Tubingen School<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;TULIP&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hoa Tulip&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb mang danh Hoa Tulip. T\u1eeb bao g\u1ed3m 5 ch\u1eef t\u1eaft, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho 5 ni\u1ec1m tin do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia John Calvin. Qua c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch t\u00edn l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc (&lt;em&gt;Institutes&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 qua s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m \u1edf Dort (1618-1619), 5 t\u1eeb r\u00fat g\u1ecdn &lt;strong&gt;TULIP&lt;\/strong&gt; l\u00e0: &lt;strong&gt;T&lt;\/strong&gt;: Total Depravity (&lt;em&gt;Ho\u00e0n To\u00e0n Tuy\u1ec7t V\u1ecdng&lt;\/em&gt;); &lt;strong&gt;U&lt;\/strong&gt;: Unconditional Election (&lt;em&gt;Tuy\u1ec3n Ch\u1ecdn V\u00f4 \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;L&lt;\/strong&gt;: Limited Atonement (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i Gi\u1edbi H\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;); &lt;strong&gt;I:&lt;\/strong&gt; Irristible Grace (&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n Kh\u00f4n T\u1eeb&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;P&lt;\/strong&gt;: Perseverance of the Saints (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Trung Ki\u00ean c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;). (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;John Calvin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tulip\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tulip\/\" >TULIP<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Twelfth Night&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u00eam Th\u1ee9 12&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00eam th\u1ee9 12 sau L\u1ec5 Gi\u00e1ng Sinh, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam ca t\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c g\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 (Magi) \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Ch\u00faa H\u00e0i Nhi Jesus trong chu\u1ed3ng chi\u00ean, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam \u201cEpiphany\u201d (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u00eam Hi\u1ec3n Linh \/ \u0110\u00eam Vinh Hi\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;), nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang ng\u00e0y 6 (Math. 2:1-12).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/twelfth-night\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/twelfth-night\/\" >Twelfth Night<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Twelve Disciples&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;12 M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed3\/ S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 12 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nghe theo ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;To\u00e1n Tuy\u1ec3n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (C\u00e1c tuy\u1ec3n m\u00f4n, &lt;em&gt;To\u00e1n 12&lt;\/em&gt;). 12 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean theo c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ph\u00fac \u00e2m l\u00e0: Anh-r\u00ea (&lt;em&gt;Andrew&lt;\/em&gt;), Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 (&lt;em&gt;Peter&lt;\/em&gt;), Gia-c\u01a1 (&lt;em&gt;James&lt;\/em&gt;), Gi\u0103ng (&lt;em&gt;John&lt;\/em&gt;), Phi-l\u00edp (&lt;em&gt;Philip&lt;\/em&gt;), B\u1ea1c-ti-l\u00f4-mi (&lt;em&gt;Bartholomew&lt;\/em&gt;), Th\u00f4-ma (&lt;em&gt;Thomas&lt;\/em&gt;), Ma-thi-\u01a1 (&lt;em&gt;Matthew&lt;\/em&gt;), Gia-c\u01a1 (&lt;em&gt;James&lt;\/em&gt;), Tha-\u0111\u00ea (&lt;em&gt;Thaddaeus&lt;\/em&gt;), Si-m\u00f4n (&lt;em&gt;Simon the Zealot&lt;\/em&gt;), nh\u00f3m Nhi\u1ec7t T\u00e2m v\u00e0 Giu-\u0111a It-ca-ri-\u1ed1t (&lt;em&gt;Judas Iscariot the Zealot&lt;\/em&gt;). Sau n\u00e0y h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;apostle&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa (Th\u00e1nh Linh) sai \u0111\u1ec9 ra rao gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00fac \u00e2m, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Judas Iscariot.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/twelve-disciples\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/twelve-disciples\/\" >Twelve Disciples<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Twelve Great Feasts&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;12 Ti\u1ec7c L\u1edbn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1eed 12 l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn trong n\u0103m: (1) Nativity of Mary (&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh T\u00edch Mary&lt;\/em&gt;), (2) Exaltation of The Cross (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u00f4n Cao Th\u1eadp Gi\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;), (3) Entrance of Mary Into the Temple (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ebfn V\u00e0o \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u1edd c\u1ee7a Mary&lt;\/em&gt;), (4) Nativity of Jesus (&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh T\u00edch Jesus)&lt;\/em&gt;, (5) Theophany (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;), (6) Hypapante (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;), (7) An-nunciation (S\u1ef1 Tuy\u00ean B\u00e1o), (8) Entrance into Jerusalem (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 V\u00e0o Th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem&lt;\/em&gt;), (9) Ascen-sion (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Th\u0103ng Thi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;), (10) Pentecost (&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;), (11) Transfiguration (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Bi\u1ebfn H\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 (12) Domition (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tr\u1ecb V\u00ec&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/twelve-great-feasts\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/twelve-great-feasts\/\" >Twelve Great Feasts<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Two Source Hypothesis&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ea3 Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ecb Ngu\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t sinh ra Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Ma-thi-\u01a1, M\u00e1c, Lu-ca g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch c\u1ed9ng quan, th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean ra t\u1eeb 2 ngu\u1ed3n. S\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m M\u00e1c l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9 1, c\u00f2n Ma-thi-\u01a1 v\u00e0 Lu-ca ra t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9 2, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cQ\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c Q l\u00e0 Source&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ngu\u1ed3n M\u00e1c v\u00e0 Q l\u00e0 2 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00fac \u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/two-source-hypothesis\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/two-source-hypothesis\/\" >Two Source Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Twofold Knowledge of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Song Th\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia John Calvin (1509-1564) qua quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Institutes&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1559), n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u201cki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c\u201d (hay s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua: Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o (&lt;em&gt;Creator)&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i (&lt;em&gt;Redeemer&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/twofold-knowledge-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/twofold-knowledge-of-god\/\" >Twofold Knowledge of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Twofold Nature of Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean T\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin cho c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u1ee7 Th\u1ec3), v\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt; (2) \u0110\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00ednh Jesus c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Con Sinh T\u1ebf (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u1ebft Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/twofold-nature-of-faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/twofold-nature-of-faith\/\" >Twofold Nature of Faith<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Twofold Nature of Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean T\u00ednh Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u00f3 2 nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh: Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi 100% v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa 100% - Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb I Constantinnople 381. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y v\u00e0 k\u1ebft \u00e1n c\u00e1c t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o (Arius) v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin v\u00e0o B\u1ea3n Th\u1ec3 (Being) c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/twofold-nature-of-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/twofold-nature-of-jesus\/\" >Twofold Nature of Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Twofold State of Jesus&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ec3 Jesus&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ec3 Jesus v\u1eeba c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t T\u00f4i T\u1edb h\u00e8n h\u1ea1 (n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu nh\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh) v\u00e0 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh cao tr\u1ecdng Ch\u00faa Con (n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110CT t\u00f4n vinh, ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean h\u1eefu \u0110C Cha).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/twofold-state-of-jesus\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/twofold-state-of-jesus\/\" >Twofold State of Jesus<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tyndale\u2019s New Testament&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc Tydale&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean qua ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef Hy-l\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 W. Tyndale (C.1494-1536) t\u1ea1i Warms v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 King James. Th\u1ef1c ra, M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 W. Tyndale \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Anh Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean d\u00e0n h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau (1536). Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00edn l\u00ed- t\u1eeb Th\u00e1nh Kinh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef nh\u01b0: Righteousness, Atonement, Testament etc...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tyndales-new-testament\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tyndales-new-testament\/\" >Tyndale\u2019s New Testament<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Typological Interpretation of the Scripture&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1eabu T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Di\u1ec5n D\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 m\u1eabu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u1ee5ng trong gi\u1edbi con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 trong h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u kinh kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u k\u00e8m theo di\u1ec3n t\u00edch trong C\u01af\u2026 \u00a0(Rom. 5:14, I Cor. 10:2; Heb. 6:19-7, 28; I Phi. 3:21).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/typological-interpretation-of-the-scripture\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/typological-interpretation-of-the-scripture\/\" >Typological Interpretation of the Scripture<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Typology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1eabu Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u, M\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c Suy C\u1ee9u, Ti\u00eau Bi\u1ec3u H\u1ecdc Thu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;typo&lt;\/em&gt; (a figure, m\u1eabu, h\u00ecnh) v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;logos&lt;\/em&gt; (study).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/typology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/typology\/\" >Typology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Tyrannicide&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ebft B\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Anh, Tyranny (&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea1o Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, B\u1ea1o T\u00e0n&lt;\/em&gt;). Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Tyrannicidum &lt;\/em&gt;(Killing of a Tyrant). Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1o ch\u00faa cai tr\u1ecb h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc, t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n ai ai c\u0169ng than o\u00e1n; do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng, do s\u1ef1 th\u00fac d\u1ee5c t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e3 v\u00ec d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft b\u1ea1o ch\u00faa \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb hung b\u1ea1o, gian \u00e1c hay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1o ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi x\u01b0a v\u00e0 nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tyrannicide\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/tyrannicide\/\" >Tyrannicide<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-u mix\" data-filter-base=\"u\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">U<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ubiquitarianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i Kh\u1eafp N\u01a1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;ubique&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cevery where\u201d (&lt;em&gt;kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00dd ni\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 do M. Luther khi b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Qua quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh, Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;all things are possible to Him&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ubiquitarianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ubiquitarianism\/\" >Ubiquitarianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ubiquity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Omni-presence, V\u00f4 S\u1edf B\u1ea5t T\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 1 trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ch\u1ed7 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam &lt;em&gt;God&lt;\/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Omnipresence&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ubiquity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ubiquity\/\" >Ubiquity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ultimate Concern&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Quan T\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ec9nh\/ Cao C\u1ea3\/ T\u1ed1i H\u1eadu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Paul Tillich (1886-1965) v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. (1) \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n chung l\u00e0 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3, (2) Trong hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111\u1ee9c tin\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - S\u1ef1 Quan T\u00e2m T\u1ed1i H\u1eadu v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3, (3) N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m cao c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ultimate-concern\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ultimate-concern\/\" >Ultimate Concern<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ultra Dispensationalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Qu\u1ea3n Th\u00e1i Qu\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Thi\u00ean Qu\u1ea3n\u00a0 mang \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ra 6 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u00e2n ph\u00fac k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn th\u1ebf, do Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia J. N. Darby (1800-1882) ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 minh lu\u1eadn. C\u00f2n &lt;em&gt;Ultra Dispensationalism&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa h\u01a1n cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00ed thi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb S\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 \u0111o\u1ea1n 13 hay 28 (n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2 c\u1ee7a S\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ultra-dispensationalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ultra-dispensationalism\/\" >Ultra Dispensationalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ultra-mundane&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ngo\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf, Si\u00eau Th\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ultra-mundane\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ultra-mundane\/\" >Ultra-mundane<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ultramontanism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n T\u1ed1i H\u1eadu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cao c\u1ea3, t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u1edf Ph\u00e1p. \u00dd d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;beyond the mountain&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ultramontanism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ultramontanism\/\" >Ultramontanism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unbaptized Infants&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u1ebb Em Ch\u01b0a B\u00e1p-tem&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb em ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i chung cho nh\u1eefng ai ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unbaptized-infants\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unbaptized-infants\/\" >Unbaptized Infants<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unbelief&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 V\u00f4 T\u00edn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;G\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ai ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unbelief\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unbelief\/\" >Unbelief<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unbelivers&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u00f4 \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;G\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng tin.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unbelivers\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unbelivers\/\" >Unbelivers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unbiblical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u00f4ng Thu\u1ed9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unbiblical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unbiblical\/\" >Unbiblical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Uncertainty&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Kh\u00f4ng Ch\u1eafc Ch\u1eafn, Kh\u00f4ng V\u1eefng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/uncertainty\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/uncertainty\/\" >Uncertainty<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unchange-able&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t Bi\u1ebfn, Kh\u00f4ng Thay \u0110\u1ed5i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1 t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, v\u00ec m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unchange-able\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unchange-able\/\" >Unchange-able<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unchurched&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u00f4 T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng \u0111i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unchurched\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unchurched\/\" >Unchurched<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Uncircumcised&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u00f4ng C\u1eaft B\u00ec&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai \u201c&lt;em&gt;kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1eaft b\u00ec&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn It-ra-\u00ean, ngo\u1ea1i bang. Trong th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/uncircumcised\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/uncircumcised\/\" >Uncircumcised<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unclean&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00d4 U\u1ebf, Kh\u00f4ng Tinh S\u1ea1ch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u00f4 u\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng tinh s\u1ea1ch.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unclean\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unclean\/\" >Unclean<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unconcious Faith&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Tin T\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ngo\u00e0i lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem cho tr\u1ebb em.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unconcious-faith\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unconcious-faith\/\" >Unconcious Faith<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unconcious Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i V\u00f4 \u00dd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i v\u00f4 t\u01b0, ngu ng\u01a1 (&lt;em&gt;ignorance&lt;\/em&gt;) (Xu\u1ea5t 45: 20).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unconcious-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unconcious-sin\/\" >Unconcious Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unconcious, the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 V\u00f4 \u00dd Th\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unconcious-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unconcious-the\/\" >Unconcious, the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unconditional Covenant (of God)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Giao \u01af\u1edbc V\u00f4 \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 giao \u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp v\u1edbi d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Giao \u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unconditional-covenant-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unconditional-covenant-of-god\/\" >Unconditional Covenant (of God)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unconditional Election&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tuy\u1ec3n Ch\u1ecdn V\u00f4 \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u1eeb do Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia John Calvin \u0111\u00e3 khai tri\u1ec3n trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft trong t\u1eeb TULIP.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unconditional-election\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unconditional-election\/\" >Unconditional Election<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unconditional Predesti-nation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u00f4 \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng J. Calvin, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unconditional-predesti-nation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unconditional-predesti-nation\/\" >Unconditional Predesti-nation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unction, Holy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;unctio&lt;\/em&gt;, do &lt;em&gt;ungere&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cto anoint&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Holy Unction&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d do truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea9y thanh trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 nh\u01b0 L\u1ec5 X\u00e1c T\u00edn, L\u1ec5 Th\u1ee5 Phong, L\u1ec5 X\u1ee9c D\u1ea7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c L\u1ec5 D\u00e2ng Hi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u00e1nh. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng trong GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unction-holy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unction-holy\/\" >Unction, Holy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Underground Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh T\u01b0 Gia, H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00ecm&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh b\u00ed m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft. Th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ch\u00ecm&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft b\u1edb, b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf ra sinh ho\u1ea1t. T\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Under-ground&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u00f3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh k\u1ec3 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111\u1ebfn 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 thu\u1edf x\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef k\u00edn, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 ra cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n La-m\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i c\u1ea5m c\u1ea3n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/underground-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/underground-church\/\" >Underground Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unfaithfulness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t Trung, B\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh T\u00edn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1 t\u00ednh lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unfaithfulness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unfaithfulness\/\" >Unfaithfulness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unforgivable Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 Tha&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, Ch\u00faa Jesus tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh\u2026&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tha th\u1ee9.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unforgivable-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unforgivable-sin\/\" >Unforgivable Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unforgiven Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i Kh\u00f4ng \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Tha&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0ng ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unforgiven-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unforgiven-sin\/\" >Unforgiven Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unforgivetable Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 Tha Th\u1ee9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh (Xem th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Unpar-donable Sin&lt;\/strong&gt;). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh ghi r\u00f5 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Linh (C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 5:1tt), t\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh cha m\u1eb9 (Lev. 20:9), d\u00e2m lo\u1ea1n (Lev. 20:10tt), kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u00e1nh (H\u00eab. 12:14), kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh l\u1ea1i (Gi\u0103. 3:3tt) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1edd th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2026 (Kh\u1ea3i 21:8tt). (&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam &lt;strong&gt;Sin Against&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Holy Spirit&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unforgivetable-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unforgivetable-sin\/\" >Unforgivetable Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Ungodliness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t K\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;t\u00ednh khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi r\u0103n d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, xem nh\u1eb9 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9, xem nh\u1eb9 \u01a1n ph\u01b0\u1edbc hay ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa ban cho. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n, xa \u0111\u1ecda, b\u00ea tha, x\u1ea5u xa, ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft \u0103n n\u0103n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ungodliness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/ungodliness\/\" >Ungodliness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unification Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Th\u1ed1ng H\u1ee3p&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp \u1edf S. Korea n\u0103m 1954 b\u1edfi M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Sun Myung Moon (1920-2008). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o S. Korea. N\u0103m 1935, \u00f4ng b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng b\u1ecb \u201cD\u1ee9t Ph\u00e9p Th\u00f4ng C\u00f4ng\u201d kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o\u201d b\u1edfi rao gi\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean. Trong chuy\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o B\u1eafc H\u00e0n, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft t\u00f9, tra t\u1ea5n. Sau khi tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n N. Korea, n\u0103m 1954, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Linh Cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Th\u1ed1ng H\u1ee3p Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi (The Holy Spirit Association for the Unifi-cation of World Christianity. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00f4ng Moon cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia, \u0110\u1ea5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u1edf Kinh C\u01af. \u00d4ng l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1960 v\u1edbi c\u00f4 Hak Ja Han, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m \u201cTrue Parents\u201d. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng con ch\u00e1u \u00f4ng l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u1ecfi tinh r\u00f2ng, v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ed3i s\u1ecd, t\u1ea9y n\u1ea3o cho t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, qua \u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. \u00d4ng d\u1eddi trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 Washington trong kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf mang gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ed1i ki\u1ec3m trong 5 n\u0103m (audit). \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1985 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 ra sau 13 th\u00e1ng t\u00f9 \u1edf Danbury Federal Prison, Connecticut.&lt;br \/&gt;\nN\u0103m 1991, \u00f4ng xin v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Korea m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch vinh quang, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng M\u00e9t-sia, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i qua \u00fd ni\u1ec7m mang t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadt cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed bao g\u1ed3m: (1) Kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o \u0110CT Ba Ng\u00f4i, \u0110CT mang c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh nam-n\u1eef. (2) Ch\u00faa Jesus ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. (3) \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ mang s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i t\u00e2m linh, c\u00f2n \u00f4ng m\u1edbi mang s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. (4) \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi khi Ch\u00faa Jesus t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf\u2026&lt;br \/&gt;\nTrong c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00f4ng c\u1ed5 s\u00fay nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Unification Church, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i v\u1ed9 t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 1.5 tri\u1ec7u, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cMoonies\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unification-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unification-church\/\" >Unification Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unifornity, Acts of (1549, 1559, 1662)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Unifornity, Acts of&lt;\/strong&gt; (1549, 1559, 1662)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Anh ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Qu\u1ed1c trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa G\u00edao H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh Tin L\u00e0nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unifornity-acts-of-1549-1559-1662\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unifornity-acts-of-1549-1559-1662\/\" >Unifornity, Acts of (1549, 1559, 1662)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Union Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i hay l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p \u0110o\u00e0n H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/union-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/union-church\/\" >Union Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Union of Believers&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1c T\u00edn H\u1eefu Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, li\u00ean k\u1ebft, nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong c\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i (ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a 1 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/union-of-believers\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/union-of-believers\/\" >Union of Believers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Union with Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u00edn l\u00ed ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft tha t\u1ed9i, hy sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf qua \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a: (1) M\u1ed9t m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, (2) M\u1ed9t l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 Ch\u00faa, (3) M\u1ed9t t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, (4) Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a\/ th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/union-with-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/union-with-christ\/\" >Union with Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Union with God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u00edn l\u00ed tin t\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Tr\u1eddi k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao gi\u1eefa Cha-Con. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20-21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt; \u0111ang nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong HT.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/union-with-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/union-with-god\/\" >Union with God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Union, Essential&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t Tinh T\u00fay&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t, hi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Cha mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i, mu\u00f4n s\u1ef1 do Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m n\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7p mu\u00f4n s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 trong Ng\u00e0i (Gi\u0103ng 1).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/union-essential\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/union-essential\/\" >Union, Essential<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Union, Mystical&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;M\u1ea7u Nhi\u1ec7m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/union-mystical\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/union-mystical\/\" >Union, Mystical<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unipersonality of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ed9c Nh\u1ea5t T\u00ednh Th\u1ec3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ed9c Ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp tin r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;\/sup&gt; (c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Arius). D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unipersonality-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unipersonality-of-god\/\" >Unipersonality of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unitarianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t V\u1ecb Lu\u1eadn \/ Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Unitarianism c\u00f3 t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latinh unitas\u00a0 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &quot;duy nh\u1ea5t&quot;. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i theo ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t V\u1ecb Lu\u1eadn do s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 do, t\u1eeb \u00f4ng Faustus Socinus (1539-1604) v\u00e0 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed9c Th\u1ec3 Ho\u00e0n V\u0169 (&lt;em&gt;The Unitarian Universalist Assciation 1961&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 suy tho\u00e1i, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Jonathan Edwards \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh theo ph\u00e1i H\u1ed9i Ch\u00fang \u1edf New England m\u00e0 \u0111i theo thuy\u1ebft th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a Aminius \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i theo thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t V\u1ecb Lu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c Thuy\u1ebft S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean suy tho\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unitarianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unitarianism\/\" >Unitarianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unitary View of Human Nature&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e2n T\u00ednh T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00ed cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t Ng\u00f4i Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Holistic Unity&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u1edbi \u0110CT, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ba ph\u1ea7n: th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111i xa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1eadt, cho d\u00f9 th\u00fa v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;gi\u00e1c h\u1ed3n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Holistic Unity v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3, \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unitary-view-of-human-nature\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unitary-view-of-human-nature\/\" >Unitary View of Human Nature<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Unitas&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Oneness)&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Ri\u00eang trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7p gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng (&lt;em&gt;fellowship&lt;\/em&gt;) gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t. Ng\u00e0y nay, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o t\u00edch c\u1ef1c qua s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unity\/\" >Unity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unity of Believers&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a T\u00edn H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(I Cor.12:12-31; Gal.3:28; Eph. 4:1-6). Tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 khuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y trong I C\u00f4-rinh-t\u00f4 3tt, \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 4tt.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unity-of-believers\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unity-of-believers\/\" >Unity of Believers<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unity of the Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Hi\u1ec7p Nh\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa, nh\u1eb1m c\u1ed5 v\u0169 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n cao danh Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t &lt;em&gt;S\u1ee9 M\u1ea1ng Ttuy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Tr\u1ecdng \u0110\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt; (the Great Commission) m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 giao (Math.28:16-20).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unity-of-the-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unity-of-the-church\/\" >Unity of the Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Universal Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0n V\u0169&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb m\u1edbi d\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf t\u1eeb Catholic Church (&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00f4ng&lt;\/em&gt;). Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 2 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh: &lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh H\u1eefu H\u00ecnh v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh V\u00f4 H\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb Universal n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ai ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y sai v\u1edbi t\u00edn l\u00ed Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y \u1edf Gi\u0103ng 3:16, 36. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, x\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-church\/\" >Universal Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Universal Conversion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u Tr\u1edf L\u1ea1i V\u1edbi Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y (th\u1eddi k\u1ef3) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i, quay \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft Universalism (r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0103n n\u0103n).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-conversion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-conversion\/\" >Universal Conversion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Universal Death&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ec1u Ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft h\u1ebft (Heb. 9:27). Th\u1eadt ra c\u00e2u \u1edf H\u00eab-r\u01a1 9:27 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ai ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian, r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft. Sau \u0111\u00f3, trong Ng\u00e0y Ph\u00e1n X\u00e9t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian (Kh\u1ea3i 21-22).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-death\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-death\/\" >Universal Death<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Universal Depravity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t L\u1ef1c To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, v\u00f4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa (Rom. 3:23).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-depravity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-depravity\/\" >Universal Depravity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Universal Explicit Oppor-tunity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;M\u1ed9t C\u01a1 H\u1ed9i Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng sau khi qua \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ed3i \u0103n n\u0103n (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 trong h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee9u h\u1ecd, theo c\u00e2u kinh I Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 3:19 (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 &lt;em&gt;Universalism&lt;\/em&gt;).\u00a0 C\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Th\u1eed Nghi\u1ec7m Th\u1ee9 II.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d Th\u1ef1c ra, c\u00e2u Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u1edf I Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 3:19 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac Ch\u00faa Jesus sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sau n\u00e0y n\u1eefa!&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-explicit-oppor-tunity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-explicit-oppor-tunity\/\" >Universal Explicit Oppor-tunity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Universal Grace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tin r\u1eb1ng \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ai ai c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-grace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-grace\/\" >Universal Grace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Universal History&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o l\u00ed tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua d\u00e2n Do-th\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung cho to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong t\u1eebng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia W. Pennenberg, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2u xa n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch &lt;em&gt;Systematic Theology (&lt;\/em&gt;3 vols&lt;em&gt;) &lt;\/em&gt;c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-history\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-history\/\" >Universal History<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Universal Priest&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadn Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf do Ch\u00faa ban v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chung to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn (xem &lt;em&gt;Priesthood of Believers&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-priest\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-priest\/\" >Universal Priest<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Universal Reconciliation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Thu\u1eadn H\u00f2a To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng qua d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0103n n\u0103n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng tin ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0m h\u00f2a v\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf. Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi Universalism v\u00e0 Universal Salvation.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-reconciliation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-reconciliation\/\" >Universal Reconciliation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Universal Restoration&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ee5 Origen (185-254), d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt\/ s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-restoration\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-restoration\/\" >Universal Restoration<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Universal Tendency&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Khuynh H\u01b0\u1edbng To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00edch l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, theo c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u xa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-tendency\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universal-tendency\/\" >Universal Tendency<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Universalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u \/ Thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Universalli&lt;\/em&gt; (belong to the whole&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt; gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng khi \u201c&lt;em&gt;th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u00e2m ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;apokatastasis&lt;\/em&gt; (s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i sau c\u00f9ng). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u1ea3; th\u1ebf th\u00ec, gi\u00e1o l\u00ed t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Kinh d\u1ea1y \u1edf Gi\u0103ng 3:16; C\u00f4ng 4:12; Rom. 5:18-19; Eph.1:9-10; I Cor.15:22.\u00a0 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ph\u00e1i &lt;strong&gt;Gnosticism&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Tri Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;). Qua c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y, ngay c\u1ea3 Origen gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2, 3 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y, qua s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ngay c\u1ea3 \u201cSa-tan, devil\u201d (&lt;em&gt;qu\u1ef7 v\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u. Theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, nh\u1eefng ai theo t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb k\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb 553AD.&lt;br \/&gt;\nR\u1ed3i l\u1eb7ng \u0111i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i l\u00ean qua th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o Irish, John Scotus Erigena v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00f4ng; sau \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edfng qua \u0110\u1ee9c, theo h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Hana Denck v\u00e0 Hans Hut. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Denk\u2019s Universalism \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng sang Hoa K\u1ef3 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng \u1edf Anh v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; \/19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, v\u00e0i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 J. W. Peterson (1649-1727); E. C. Hochmann (1670-1721) n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho \u201cgi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u\u201d (&lt;em&gt;universalism&lt;\/em&gt;) n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u201cc\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft gia to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d (&lt;em&gt;universalist&lt;\/em&gt;s) r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cc\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do\u201d (&lt;em&gt;liberals&lt;\/em&gt;) Jonathan Maykew v\u00e0 Charles Channcy \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ea1nh phong tr\u00e0o \u201c&lt;em&gt;universalism&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (salvation of all men) (1784). C\u00f3 v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1eadp n\u00ean trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 Universalist Congre-gation in Philadelphia, 1781, trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18. Tuy ch\u1eadm nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do cho th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, 20.\u00a0 C\u00f3 v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u1edd x\u00e2y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0y nay, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: \u201c&lt;em&gt;All roads lead to Rome&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1o n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universalism\/\" >Universalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Universality God\u2019s Grace&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Tin r\u1eb1ng \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ban r\u1ed9ng ra cho m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, m\u1ecdi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universality-gods-grace\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universality-gods-grace\/\" >Universality God\u2019s Grace<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Universality of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i Chung To\u00e0n C\u1ea7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universality-of-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universality-of-sin\/\" >Universality of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Universe, the Origin of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y V\u0169 tr\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y, l\u00e0 Ngu\u1ed3n, l\u00e0 Kh\u1edfi Th\u1ee7y, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, Ng\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 \u201cto\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng\u201d m\u00e0 ra (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Creation&lt;\/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Nothingness&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universe-the-origin-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/universe-the-origin-of\/\" >Universe, the Origin of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unknown God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Kh\u00f4ng Bi\u1ebft, Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00f4ng Bi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 17:23, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1n \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Athens, khi s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u00e0nh \u0111ang t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u201cUnknown God \u201c (&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n Kh\u00f4ng Bi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;). Nh\u01a1n c\u1edb \u0111\u00f3, Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi - \u0110\u1ea5ng Ch\u00e2n Th\u1ea7n, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u00e0i th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang t\u00f4n th\u1edd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd d\u00f9 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng theo m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o. B\u1edfi l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i cao linh thi\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1edd. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu (Christians) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ch\u00e2n Th\u1ea7n, th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus - \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unknown-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unknown-god\/\" >Unknown God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unleaven Bread&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng Men&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u00e1nh b\u1ed9t m\u00ec hay g\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 men (\u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean). Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1n b\u1ea3o D\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng men v\u00e0 \u0103n trong 1 ng\u00e0y hay 7 ng\u00e0y tu\u1ef3 theo l\u1ec5. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb hay trong\u00a0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef l\u1ec5. B\u00e1nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3i kh\u00e1ch (S\u00e1ng 19:3, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, C\u00e1c Quan 6:19), \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eed l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 L\u1ec5 V\u01b0\u1ee3t Qua (Xu\u1ea5t 12: 8, 14tt; 13). V\u1ec1 sau, trong T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng b\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng men.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unleaven-bread\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unleaven-bread\/\" >Unleaven Bread<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unlimited Atonement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Giao \u01af\u1edbc Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i Kh\u00f4ng Gi\u1edbi H\u1ea1n, S\u1ef1 \u00c2n X\u00e1 V\u00f4 H\u1ea1n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;m\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;Atonement, Forgiveness&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unlimited-atonement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unlimited-atonement\/\" >Unlimited Atonement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unpardonable Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 Tha&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng d\u00f9ng cho khi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh (Math. 12:31-31; Mac 3:28-29; Luc. 12:10), m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c trong Kinh TK ghi r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Linh (C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 5:1tt), t\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh cha m\u1eb9 (Lev. 20:9), d\u00e2m lo\u1ea1n (Lev. 20:10tt), kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u00e1nh (H\u00eab. 12:14), kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh l\u1ea1i (Gi\u0103. 3:3tt) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1edd th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2026 (Kh\u1ea3i 21:8tt). (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Sin Against Holy Spirit&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unpardonable-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unpardonable-sin\/\" >Unpardonable Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unquenchable Fire&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eeda Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ec1 T\u1eaft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a l\u1eefa \u1edf h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c (Hell) n\u01a1i h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus - \u0110\u1ea5ng chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n KT \u1edf Ma-thi-\u01a118:8; 25:41; Lu-ca 3:17.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unquenchable-fire\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unquenchable-fire\/\" >Unquenchable Fire<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unregenerate&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u00f4ng T\u00e1i Sanh, Phi T\u00e1i T\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai: (1) Kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng tin Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi (Gi\u0103ng 3). (2) Tin Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng (\u00caph. 1:13-14); (3) Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ham s\u1ed1ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea7n gian (Nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ecdc n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1 s\u1ecfi, b\u1ee5i gai...), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh (Ro-ma 8:12-17). Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh th\u1eadt x\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi &lt;em&gt;(Gi\u0103ng 3:3-5&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i bao gi\u1edd, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. \u00a0(&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Salvation&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unregenerate\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unregenerate\/\" >Unregenerate<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unrighteous&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u00f4ng C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh (B\u1ea5t \/\/), Kh\u00f4ng C\u00f4ng B\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u1eefng ai tin Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh (Rom. 1-5). Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gian \u00e1c hay b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh. Trong s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, qua d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng tin Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 con c\u00e1i th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Gi\u0103ng 1:12), l\u00e0 d\u00e2n th\u00e1nh, th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 nh\u00e0 vua (I Ph\u00ea 2: 9tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unrighteous\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unrighteous\/\" >Unrighteous<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Unrighteousness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t C\u00f4ng Ch\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kh\u00f4ng qua d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh (Rom. 3:9tt). - &lt;strong&gt;Unsaved&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Kh\u00f4ng \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u1ee9u&lt;\/em&gt;). C\u0169ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tha t\u1ed9i b\u1edfi d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su, th\u00ec ch\u1eafn ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u2013 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unrighteousness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/unrighteousness\/\" >Unrighteousness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Utilitarianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft C\u00f4ng D\u1ee5ng, Duy \u00cdch Thuy\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng l\u00ed mang l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho tha nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh. Thuy\u1ebft Duy \u00cdch c\u0169ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft lu\u00e2n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. Nhi\u00ean h\u1eadu, ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o \u201cc\u00e1i t\u1ed1t\u201d \u201cc\u00e1i \u00edch\u201d c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y do Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n l\u00e0 David Hume. V\u1ec1 sau, John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 duy \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong gi\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o. Mill \u0111\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng \u00edch \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n an sinh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/utilitarianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/utilitarianism\/\" >Utilitarianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Utopianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Kh\u00f4ng T\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi Thomas More (1478-1535). T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Utopia&lt;\/em&gt; trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201cNot a place\u201d (&lt;em&gt;kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i&lt;\/em&gt;) cho m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c, ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Utopianism&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed7 \u1edf l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ra \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi\u201d hay l\u00e0 thi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u201c&lt;em&gt;thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u201c&lt;em&gt;tu vi\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 do c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu l\u1eadp n\u00ean, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, b\u00ecnh an, \u00f4n h\u00f2a, kh\u00f4ng tranh ch\u1ea5p. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u201ctrong th\u1eddi b\u1eebng s\u00e1ng\u201d (&lt;em&gt;enlightenment&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, th\u00fac c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quay l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh s\u1ea1ch, thanh b\u1ea1ch, d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a John Wesley trong th\u1eddi C\u00e1i C\u00e1ch. H\u1ecd t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao v\u1edbi nhau trong lu\u00e2n l\u00ed ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a qua l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. Th\u1eadt ra, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;Utopia&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a &lt;em&gt;Utopianism&lt;\/em&gt; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111em v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u201cc\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh\u201d (&lt;em&gt;topia&lt;\/em&gt;) \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 s\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 qua s\u1ef1 th\u00eam s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u201cthi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng trong &lt;em&gt;Kingdom of God&lt;\/em&gt;, nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 rao truy\u1ec1n trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. T\u1eeb Utopia ng\u00e0y nay tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u201cx\u00e1o ng\u1eef\u201d cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u201cthi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d hay \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/utopianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/utopianism\/\" >Utopianism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Utraquism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Uterque&lt;\/em&gt; (both, c\u1ea3 hai). T\u1eeb kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng do John Huss (c.1372-1415), \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u00e1nh l\u1eabn r\u01b0\u1ee3u nho c\u00f9ng l\u00fac trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m. Cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7ng, s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5 1415, 1532, 1551.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/utraquism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/utraquism\/\" >Utraquism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Utraquits&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Th\u1ec3 Gia&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai theo gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a John Huss, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd qua s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y Tin L\u00e0nh trong nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Bohemian. T\u1eeb tr\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hussites. (Ri\u00eang M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 J. Huss l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m \u0111em \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i G\u00edao H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean gi\u00e0n ho\u1ea3 thi\u00eau \u1edf H\u00f2a Lan).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/utraquits\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/utraquits\/\" >Utraquits<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Utrecht Declaration of (1889)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Utrecht, 1889&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Old Catholic Church (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o C\u1ed7&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng V\u00f4 Ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Mary. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed tr\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn do 5 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o C\u1ed7 n\u0103m 1897. Th\u1ef1c ra, b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c Chia T\u00e1ch L\u1edbn (&lt;em&gt;Great Schism&lt;\/em&gt;) gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (&lt;em&gt;gi\u1eefa Rome v\u00e0 Constantinople&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1054 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m Vatican Council I. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng Utrecht, tuy kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i chu\u1ea9n ph\u00ea trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/utrecht-declaration-of-1889\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/utrecht-declaration-of-1889\/\" >Utrecht Declaration of (1889)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-v mix\" data-filter-base=\"v\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">V<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vacation Bible School&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1edbp Th\u00e1nh Kinh M\u00f9a H\u00e8&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1edbp Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0110o\u1ea3n K\u1ef3. T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp Th\u00e1nh Kinh ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8. Trong m\u00f9a h\u00e8, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 1 tu\u1ea7n hay 2 tu\u1ea7n cho c\u00e1c em thi\u1ebfu nhi trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp Kinh Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vacation-bible-school\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vacation-bible-school\/\" >Vacation Bible School<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Validity of Sacraments&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh T\u00edch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n) khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111\u00fang theo nghi th\u1ee9c. &lt;em&gt;Th\u00ed d\u1ee5:&lt;\/em&gt; nh\u01b0 khi n\u00e0o l\u00e0m L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u01a1n danh Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i (&lt;em&gt;l\u00e0m d\u1ea5u&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thoa n\u01b0\u1edbc hay \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/validity-of-sacraments\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/validity-of-sacraments\/\" >Validity of Sacraments<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Van Tilian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Bi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o (\/\/ H\u00f9ng Bi\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;) &lt;em&gt;Van Til&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Cornelius Van Til (1895-1987), \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft \u00a0\u00a0gia \u00a0\u00a0theo \u00a0\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia Calvin v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi l\u1ebd th\u1eadt tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 minh kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. \u00d4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o t\u00e0i ba trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/van-tilian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/van-tilian\/\" >Van Tilian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vatican City&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ed1 Vatican&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u01a1i c\u00f3 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n (Palace) c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1. M\u1ed9t khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Vatican l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh \u0110i\u1ec7n Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. Th\u1eadt ra, Vatican City c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Rome c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. V\u00e0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f9a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Vatican (qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y) c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 108.7 m\u1eabu t\u00e2y (&lt;em&gt;acres&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ea5t. Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2, ng\u00e0y 11, n\u0103m 1929. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 840 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u0103m 2018, nh\u01b0ng nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 618, n\u0103m 2020. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 L\u1ed1i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac k\u1ef3 \u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Cung \u0110i\u1ec7n Vatican, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh \u0110i\u1ec7n Peter l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Ho\u1ea1 S\u0129 Michelangelo.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vatican-city\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vatican-city\/\" >Vatican City<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vatican Council I (1869-1870)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vatican I&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1i Vatican v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1869-1870. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp b\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pius IX, nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eadp trung ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o t\u00edn l\u00ed t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong 2 n\u0103m h\u1ecdp \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n t\u00edn l\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u00f4i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 nh\u01b0 sau: (1) \u0110\u1ee9c Tin v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn L\u00ed, (2) S\u1ef1 Cao C\u1ea3 Th\u1ea9m Quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 (3) S\u1ef1 V\u00f4 Ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng. Trong bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp kh\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi Vote (B\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn) bao g\u1ed3m: 88 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 55 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i k\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 7\/18\/1870. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh l\u1edbn trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng cho c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00ed do ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n minh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tranh lu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vatican-council-i-1869-1870\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vatican-council-i-1869-1870\/\" >Vatican Council I (1869-1870)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vatican Council II (1962-1965)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vatican Council II&lt;\/strong&gt; (1962-1965)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Sau g\u1ea7n 90 n\u0103m, Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vatican II \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp b\u1edfi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pope John XXIII, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb th\u1ee9 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;\/sup&gt; c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, nh\u1eb1m tu ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i trong chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i (&lt;em&gt;revelation)&lt;\/em&gt;, s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i (&lt;em&gt;salvation&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;church&lt;\/em&gt;) trong c\u00e1i hi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u; do \u0111\u00f3, sau khi \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft, Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vatican II \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Vatincan II: (1) C\u1edfi m\u1edf tinh th\u1ea7n h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (Tin L\u00e0nh) n\u00f3i chung; kh\u00f4ng coi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;ph\u1ea3n th\u1ec7&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d n\u1eefa, (2) Cho ph\u00e9p gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 do theo v\u0103n t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 cho d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, in \u1ea5n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9), v\u00e0 (3) Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n chung n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00ec ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;\/sup&gt;\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e9p k\u00edn nh\u1eefng \u00a0\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1: -Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, - T\u00edn l\u00ed \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 l\u00ean tr\u1eddi c\u1ea3 h\u1ed3n l\u1eabn x\u00e1c, - X\u00e1c t\u00edn Mari l\u00e0 M\u1eb9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u00a0- v\u00e0 C\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn k\u1ef7 v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00e1nh Kinh; do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p (&lt;em&gt;compromnise&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o trong s\u1ef1 th\u1edd k\u00ednh Ch\u00faa, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, R\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ec7u,.. \u00a0Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1eddi Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea khi \u00f4ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a Palestine (Xu\u1ea5t 32; Gi\u00f4 22-24; C\u00e1c Quan 2-3). Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdp nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n th\u00eam n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u00e1nh h\u01a1n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vatican-council-ii-1962-1965\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vatican-council-ii-1962-1965\/\" >Vatican Council II (1962-1965)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Veneration of Images&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u00f4n K\u00ednh (Th\u1edd) H\u00ecnh T\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Veneralialis&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Venerable, Worthy of Respect&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i k\u1ecb v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m (Xu\u1ea5t 20:1-4, Ph\u1ee5c Truy\u1ec1n 4-6, v\u00e0 to\u00e0n s\u00e1ch C\u00e1c Quan X\u00e9t). Trong gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111em v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa m\u00f4t s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c (c\u1ef1c \u0111oan) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00f3 v\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111eo c\u00e2y th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 treo trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd n\u01a1i t\u00f2a gi\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201ct\u00f4n k\u00ednh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f4n th\u1edd,\u201d khi c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/veneration-of-images\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/veneration-of-images\/\" >Veneration of Images<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Veneration of Relies&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n Th\u1edd C\u00e1c Di T\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh t\u00f4n th\u1edd c\u00f2n t\u1ecf b\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c di t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/veneration-of-relies\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/veneration-of-relies\/\" >Veneration of Relies<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Veneration of Saints&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n Th\u1edd C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t phong th\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. Gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng v\u1eeba t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u1eeba t\u00f4n th\u1edd h\u1ecd \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng quen l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/veneration-of-saints\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/veneration-of-saints\/\" >Veneration of Saints<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Veneration of the Cross&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n K\u00ednh C\u00e2y Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ea3 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u00e2y Th\u1eadp T\u1ef1. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh Ch\u00faa Jesus, c\u00f2n c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Tin L\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh Ch\u00faa \u1edf tr\u00ean. V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ghi nh\u1edb, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111i xa h\u01a1n cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/veneration-of-the-cross\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/veneration-of-the-cross\/\" >Veneration of the Cross<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vengeance&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Tr\u1ea3 Th\u00f9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Vindicare&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cto avenge\u201d (&lt;em&gt;b\u00e1o th\u00f9&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt: \u201c&lt;em&gt;m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec1n m\u1eaft, r\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1n r\u0103ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch x\u1eed c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n s\u1ef1 x\u1eed s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi anh em, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o th\u00f9 (Ph\u1ee5c 32:35). Trong d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ea1y s\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00f9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Gia-v\u00ea Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Trong th\u1eddi Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea, khi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n b\u1ea3o x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh \u1ea9n n\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (hay l\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n) cho nh\u1eefng ai ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea 20, Thi 94:1-3). Ri\u00eang trong s\u00e1ch Ti\u00ean Tri Mi-ch\u00ea 5:9tt n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cNg\u00e0y B\u00e1o Th\u00f9.\u201d Ngay c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a anh em Ca-in v\u00e0 A-b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y (S\u00e1ng 4:14) v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Do-th\u00e1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i. Th\u1eddi T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o th\u00f9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau h\u1ecd (Math. 5:44), v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 (Lu-ca 19:18, R\u00f4-ma 12:17-22 v\u00e0 Heb. 10:30).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vengeance\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vengeance\/\" >Vengeance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Verbal Inspiration&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 C\u1ea3m Th\u00fac Tr\u1ef1c Ti\u1ebfp B\u1eb1ng L\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb hay s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean Th\u00e1nh Kinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng t\u1eebng l\u1eddi t\u1eebng ch\u1eef (Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c&lt;em&gt; Bible, Inspiration of)&lt;\/em&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/verbal-inspiration\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/verbal-inspiration\/\" >Verbal Inspiration<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Verbatim&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;t\u1eebng l\u1eddi, t\u1eebng ch\u1eef, \u0111\u00fang nguy\u00ean v\u0103n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb Ch\u00faa cho nh\u1eefng ai ch\u00e9p l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/verbatim\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/verbatim\/\" >Verbatim<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vernial Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i Th\u1ee9 Ph\u1ea1m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi &lt;strong&gt;\u201cMortal Sin&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;T\u1ed9i \u0110\u00e1ng Ch\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vernial-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vernial-sin\/\" >Vernial Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vestiarian Controversy&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tranh Lu\u1eadn \u00c1o L\u1ec5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong th\u1eddi N\u1eef Ho\u00e0ng Elizabeth I (1588\u2019s) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Anh Gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb7c \u00e1o l\u1ec5 hay \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng (vestments) trong khi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5. C\u0169ng v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Thanh Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c. V\u1ec1 sau, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 dung h\u00f2a cho ph\u00e9p tu\u1ef3 \u00fd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vestiarian-controversy\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vestiarian-controversy\/\" >Vestiarian Controversy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Via Dolorosa&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f3, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110au Th\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin d\u1ecbch ra \u201cSorrowful Way\u201d l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111i qua th\u00e0nh Jerusalem t\u1eeb n\u01a1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea4n Phi-l\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed3i S\u1ecd (&lt;em&gt;G\u00f4-g\u00f4-tha&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh tr\u00ean c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1. Ng\u00e0y nay, trong tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, Tu\u1ea7n L\u1ec5 Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Holy Week&lt;\/em&gt;), l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 chia ra th\u00e0nh 14 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n trong tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/via-dolorosa\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/via-dolorosa\/\" >Via Dolorosa<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Via Media&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1ch\/ \u0110i\u1ec3m Trung H\u00f2a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cthe middle way\u201d (c&lt;em&gt;\u00e1ch trung h\u00f2a&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00dd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb (&lt;em&gt;identity&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u00e1ch kho\u1ea3ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;gi\u1eefa&lt;\/em&gt;\u201dc\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o, gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh trong th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (t\u1eeb nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn do Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c J. Henry Newman (1801-1890) trong th\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Phong Tr\u00e0o Oxford, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a John Wesley.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/via-media\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/via-media\/\" >Via Media<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Via Positiva&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e1ch\/ \u0110i\u1ec3m T\u00edch C\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201cthe possitive way\u201d (&lt;em&gt;c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00dd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. V\u00ec ch\u00ednh qua s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi (&lt;em&gt;creature&lt;\/em&gt;) trong h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh (&lt;em&gt;image)&lt;\/em&gt; c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Tuy kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/via-positiva\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/via-positiva\/\" >Via Positiva<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vica-rious Death of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ Ch\u1ebft Thay&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;em&gt;Jesus Christ, Christology&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vica-rious-death-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vica-rious-death-of-christ\/\" >Vica-rious Death of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vicar&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Di\u1ec7n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thay Th\u1ebf&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201cvicarius\u201d \u201ca substitute\u201d (&lt;em&gt;1 v\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf, th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7&lt;\/em&gt;). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3. Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n cho gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ea1t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vicar\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vicar\/\" >Vicar<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vicar of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea1i Di\u1ec7n Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho Ch\u00faa Jesus tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n thay th\u1ebf Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vicar-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vicar-of-christ\/\" >Vicar of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vicar of Peter&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thay Th\u1ebf Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;V\u00ec ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u1edf Rome th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u1edf Rome l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng k\u1ebf v\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf cho Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vicar-of-peter\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vicar-of-peter\/\" >Vicar of Peter<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vicarious Atonement&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ec1n T\u1ed9i Thay&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;S\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf cho m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta - l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai ch\u1ecbu ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ebft thay t\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta; l\u1ebd ra, m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang cho m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Cha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ra cho m\u1ed7i t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n. (&lt;em&gt;Xem &lt;\/em&gt;th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Atonement&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vicarious-atonement\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vicarious-atonement\/\" >Vicarious Atonement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vicarious Satisfaction&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Th\u1ecfa L\u00f2ng Thay&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa l\u00f2ng (\u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u) Ch\u00faa Cha qua c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vicarious-satisfaction\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vicarious-satisfaction\/\" >Vicarious Satisfaction<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Viceregent, Christas&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Tr\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng La-tin. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 th\u0103ng thi\u00ean, ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecb theo \u00fd Cha cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/viceregent-christas\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/viceregent-christas\/\" >Viceregent, Christas<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Victorious Christian Life&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu \u0110\u1eafc Th\u1eafng, \u0110\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng Krit-t\u00f4 Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1eafc Th\u1eafng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o t\u00e2m linh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u01a1n ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng \u1edf Oxford, kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng do John Wesley v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;holiness&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a). V\u1ec1 sau, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eafc th\u1eafng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ea1y trong gi\u1edbi Tin L\u00e0nh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 m\u1ed7i con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;Gi\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Christ-like) v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Kinh Nghi\u1ec7m Ch\u00faa&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Experiencing God&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi \u201c&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2m Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Mind of Christ).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/victorious-christian-life\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/victorious-christian-life\/\" >Victorious Christian Life<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vienne, Council of (1311-1312)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Vienne, 1311-12&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp do Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Alement V (1308), \u1edf Vienne, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;holyland&lt;\/em&gt;) trong tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f9ng l\u00fac mu\u1ed1n:\u00a0 (1) C\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, (2) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00edn l\u00ed linh h\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 (3) b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem cho tr\u1ebb em.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vienne-council-of-1311-1312\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vienne-council-of-1311-1312\/\" >Vienne, Council of (1311-1312)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vigil&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u00eam Th\u1ee9c T\u1ec9nh; \u0110\u00eam T\u1ec9nh Th\u1ee9c C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tinh \u201cVigila\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Night spent in watching&lt;\/em&gt;). Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-th\u00e1i, h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 1 \u0111\u00eam th\u1ee9c su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd v\u1eeba c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, v\u1eeba x\u00e9t l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecdn l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ea1ch cho \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m sau. Ng\u00e0y nay Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vigil\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vigil\/\" >Vigil<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vigilant&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea3nh Gi\u00e1c, Th\u1eadn Tr\u1ecdng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vigilant\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vigilant\/\" >Vigilant<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vindication&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bi\u1ec7n H\u1ed9, B\u00eanh V\u1ef1c, Bi\u1ec7n Gi\u1ea3i, B\u00e0o Ch\u1eefa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh, d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c con d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i qua d\u00f2ng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus. Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh \u1edf c\u00f9ng, s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ch\u00fang ta khi ch\u00fang ta y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng. C\u00f9ng l\u00fac, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1, d\u00ecu d\u1eaft v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i cho t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta (Heb 6; Gi\u0103ng 15, 16).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vindication\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vindication\/\" >Vindication<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vinegar Bible (1716-1717)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh Vinegar&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in t\u1ea1i Oxford do John Bagkett (d.1742). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e2u t\u1ef1a \u1edf Lu-ca 20, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;The Parable of the Vinegar&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, thay v\u00ec \u201c&lt;em&gt;the Parable of the Vineyard&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. Trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Th\u00ed D\u1ee5 V\u1ec1 D\u1ea5m&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201c&lt;em&gt;Th\u00ed D\u1ee5 V\u1ec1 V\u01b0\u1eddn Nho.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u sau n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vinegar-bible-1716-1717\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vinegar-bible-1716-1717\/\" >Vinegar Bible (1716-1717)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Virgin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trinh N\u1eef&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Mary khi mang thai h\u00e0i nhi Jesus, c\u00f4 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trinh n\u1eef. Thai Nhi Jesus l\u00e0 do \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh ban \u01a1n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, con tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh b\u1edfi d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 3:15; \u00ca-sai 9:5-6; Math. 1:18). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh tin r\u1eb1ng sau khi sinh Ch\u00faa Jesus, c\u00f4 Mary s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Joseph v\u00e0 sinh th\u00eam con trai v\u00e0 con g\u00e1i (Math. 1:24-25; 12:46-50). C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f4 Mary sau khi sinh Ch\u00faa Jesus, c\u00f4 v\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea5y Joseph l\u00e0m ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u00f4 Maria \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d V\u1ec1 sau, \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Pius XII, trong Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent \u0111\u00e3 theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c phong b\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c m\u1eb9&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Mary \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d K\u00e8m theo l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00ed cho c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virgin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virgin\/\" >Virgin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Virgin Birth&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Nguy\u00ean Sinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 sinh ra c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus do Trinh N\u1eef Mary l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ef1 Nguy\u00ean Sinh\u201d. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh ra nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc t\u1ed9i, hay l\u00e0, \u201cv\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i.\u201d \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 sinh ra c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam (&lt;em&gt;d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u201cs\u1ef1 v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Xa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u201cho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virgin-birth\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virgin-birth\/\" >Virgin Birth<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Virginal Conception&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trinh N\u1eef Th\u1ee5 Thai, Nguy\u00ean Thai&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4 Mary l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trinh n\u1eef mang thai. S\u1ef1 mang thai c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 Mary kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0103n \u1edf v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam (Math. 1:18-25, Lu-ca 1:26tt; 2:1tt).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virginal-conception\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virginal-conception\/\" >Virginal Conception<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Virginity&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Trinh Tr\u1eafng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virginity\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virginity\/\" >Virginity<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Virginity, Perpetual&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Trinh Tr\u1eafng Tr\u1ecdn \u0110\u1eddi c\u1ee7a C\u00f4 Mary&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 Ma-ri \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng\/ kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u00e2n \u00e1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Gi\u00f4-s\u00e9p sau khi sinh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh, tin ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o l\u00ed tr\u00ean, v\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virginity-perpetual\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virginity-perpetual\/\" >Virginity, Perpetual<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Virtualism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Ti\u1ec1m &lt;strong&gt;Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ef1c&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia John Calvin (1509-1566) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1n: \u201c&lt;em&gt;b\u00e1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ta..&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d (Math. 26:17). N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u nho \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. Do \u0111\u00f3, bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201c&lt;em&gt;virtual&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virtualism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virtualism\/\" >Virtualism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Virtue&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ea1nh, T\u00ednh Th\u1eadt, Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;ar\u00e8te \u201c&lt;\/em&gt;excellence\u201d, ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;virtus&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cworth\u201d (&lt;em&gt;x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a\/ trong c\u00e1 t\u00ednh m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec Ch\u00faa cho m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng ai gi\u1ed1ng y ai. \u201cVirtue\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n trau d\u1ed3i, t\u1eadp t\u00e0nh cho tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. \u201cGood Virtue\u201d (&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ea1nh Ch\u00e2n Th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3.\u00a0 Theo Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u201cgood v\u1ec9rtue\u201d \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t sau khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i. M. Luther \u0111\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea5y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau khi tin Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virtue\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virtue\/\" >Virtue<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Virtue, Cardinal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ea1nh C\u1ed1t Y\u1ebfu, Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u1ee7 Ch\u1ed1t&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;virtus&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cstrength\u201d, &lt;em&gt;cardo&lt;\/em&gt; \u201chinge\u201d. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t. L\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt.\u00a0 Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y mang nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u1ed1t t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0: \u0111\u1ee9c tin, hy v\u1ecdng, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;che \u0111\u1eady&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201c&lt;em&gt;ng\u0103n tr\u1edf&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virtue-cardinal\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virtue-cardinal\/\" >Virtue, Cardinal<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Virtue, infused&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Thi\u00ean Ph\u00fa&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong m\u00f4n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;virtue&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111em l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i chung, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin, hy v\u1ecdng, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf! Nh\u01b0ng l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng, tha th\u1ee9, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n trau d\u1ed3i, nung \u0111\u00fac, tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virtue-infused\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virtue-infused\/\" >Virtue, infused<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Virtues, Christian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ea1nh C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. &lt;em&gt;Christian Virtues&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p \u1edf Ga-la-ti 5:22, Ma-thi-\u01a1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5, 6, 7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4, Ph\u00ea-r\u01a1, hay c\u1ee7a Gi\u0103ng nh\u01b0: t\u00e1i sinh, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00faa, t\u00e2m Ch\u00faa. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 uy quy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y: \u201c\u2026&lt;em&gt;c\u00e1c con l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian&lt;\/em&gt;!\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virtues-christian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/virtues-christian\/\" >Virtues, Christian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Visible Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh H\u1eefu H\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Augustine (354-430) n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u201c&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh V\u00f4 H\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d bao g\u1ed3m chung nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin Ch\u00faa ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi &lt;em&gt;(The City of God).&lt;\/em&gt; L\u00e0 con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa th\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1eefa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/visible-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/visible-church\/\" >Visible Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Visible Sign&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;D\u1ea5u Hi\u1ec7u H\u1eefu H\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u0169ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Augustine, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh t\u00edch, hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u th\u00e1nh v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh t\u00edch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u201d (&lt;em&gt;matter&lt;\/em&gt;) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem (n\u01b0\u1edbc), L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh (b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u nho) c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh tr\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi Chi\u00ean Con&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. C\u00e1c HT chung th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n d\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/visible-sign\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/visible-sign\/\" >Visible Sign<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vision&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho th\u1ea5y trong m\u01a1, trong k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi trong m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Kh\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n \u0111i xa h\u01a1n r\u1eb1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho bi\u1ebft cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra... Vision (&lt;em&gt;kh\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;) kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi revelation (&lt;em&gt;kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb, minh kh\u1ea3i&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vision\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vision\/\" >Vision<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Visitation of Mary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ebfng Th\u0103m C\u1ee7a Mary&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u1ee7a Mary v\u1edbi b\u00e0 \u00ca-li-sa-bet c\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00fac b\u00e0 mang thai Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt (&lt;em&gt;John the Baptist&lt;\/em&gt;, Luc. 1:39-56). B\u00e0 \u00ca-li-sa-bet l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y T\u1ebf Xa-cha-ri mang thai trong l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0. Kinh Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai b\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 b\u00e0 con (Luc. 1:37); nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Gi\u0103ng B\u00e1p-t\u00edt, \u201c&lt;em&gt;ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d cho Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 ca t\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i Th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, Ng\u00e0y 31.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/visitation-of-mary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/visitation-of-mary\/\" >Visitation of Mary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Visitation of the Sick&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u0103m Vi\u1ebfng B\u1ec7nh Nh\u00e2n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa nh\u1eadm l\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh (Gia-c\u01a1 5). H\u1ecd theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00faa Jesus l\u00fac c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf (Math. 25:31tt). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o trong \u201cS\u00e1ch C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n Chung\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Book of Conmon Prayer&lt;\/em&gt;), n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c vi\u00ean h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111i th\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/visitation-of-the-sick\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/visitation-of-the-sick\/\" >Visitation of the Sick<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vita&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ed1t C\u00e1ch, Ch\u00ednh Y\u1ebfu, S\u1ed1ng, S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vita\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vita\/\" >Vita<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vital&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thu\u1ed9c S\u1ef1 S\u1ed1ng, C\u1ed1t Y\u1ebfu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vital\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vital\/\" >Vital<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vitalism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Sinh L\u1ef1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;thu\u1ed9c sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vitalism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vitalism\/\" >Vitalism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vitality&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;S&lt;em&gt;inh L\u1ef1c, Sinh Kh\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vitality\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vitality\/\" >Vitality<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vocal&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ebfng, \/\/ \u00c2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u00f9ng g\u1ed1c v\u1edbi \u201cVoice\u201d gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i, \u00e2m thanh, ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1t ra...&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vocal\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vocal\/\" >Vocal<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vocation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ebfng G\u1ecdi, \u01a0n K\u00eau G\u1ecdi, \u01a0n Thi\u00ean Tri\u1ec7u&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa ban cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 ra \u0111i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0: linh m\u1ee5c, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf,.. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i TL ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u201cm\u1eddi g\u1ecdi\u201d b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (chung) trong c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u1edf HT hay l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi\u201d d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ch\u0103n b\u1ea7y, l\u00e0m t\u00f4i t\u1edb ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vocation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vocation\/\" >Vocation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Voluntarism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft Duy \u00dd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 h\u01b0\u1edbng theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, theo \u00fd ch\u00ed, \u00fd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea5u hay t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy do tri\u1ebft gia Ferdinand Tonnies (1885-1936) \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 qua c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u1eed t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng \u00fd ch\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;will&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u00f3 ti\u00ean ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, hay l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hay m\u1ed7i sinh v\u1eadt trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea9m sinh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/voluntarism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/voluntarism\/\" >Voluntarism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Voluntary&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ecnh Nguy\u1ec7n, Vui L\u00f2ng L\u00e0m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, t\u1ef1 \u00fd trong vui v\u1ebb. Trong \u00fd th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00fd ch\u00ed (quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh) m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00fac nh\u1ea1c d\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u hay cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/voluntary\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/voluntary\/\" >Voluntary<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Voluntaryism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thuy\u1ebft D\u00e2n L\u1eadp, Thuy\u1ebft T\u1ef1 Nguy\u1ec7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;voluntarius&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cat one\u2019s pleasure\u201d. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh bao g\u1ed3m t\u00edn h\u1eefu v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t \u00fd kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mang m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/voluntaryism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/voluntaryism\/\" >Voluntaryism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Voodoo&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Vudu&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc Hai-ti. M\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o bao h\u00e0m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o l\u1eabn y\u00eau thu\u1eadt, ma ph\u00e1p, th\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u00d4ng Thi\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, s\u1ef1 th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ma th\u1ea7n, ma gi\u00e1o. V\u00e0i l\u1ec5 l\u1ed9c, nghi l\u1ec5 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e8n, d\u00e2ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec1n (vow) v\u00e0 c\u00fang t\u1ebf.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/voodoo\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/voodoo\/\" >Voodoo<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Votive&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ec1 H\u1ee9a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201cvow\u201d (&lt;em&gt;th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec1n, kh\u1ea5n h\u1ee9a, nguy\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;). L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi \u201ch\u1ee9a\u201d ri\u00eang v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ch\u00faa. Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c tin, l\u00f2ng trung ki\u00ean, t\u00e2m t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 nh\u01b0 Th\u1eafp N\u1ebfn, L\u1ec5 H\u1ee9a Nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 H\u1ee9a D\u00e2ng Hi\u1ebfn&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/votive\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/votive\/\" >Votive<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Votive Gift&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u1eadt Nguy\u1ec7n H\u1ee9a, \/\/ \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/votive-gift\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/votive-gift\/\" >Votive Gift<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Votive Mass&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Tuy\u00ean H\u1ee9a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/votive-mass\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/votive-mass\/\" >Votive Mass<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Votum&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi H\u1ee9a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/votum\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/votum\/\" >Votum<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vow&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi Kh\u1ea5n, L\u1eddi H\u1ee9a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vow\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vow\/\" >Vow<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Vulgate Bible&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ed5 Th\u00f4ng Vulgate&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Vulgatus&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cCommon\u201d. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong th\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i CG La-m\u00e3.\u00a0 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Jerome (347-420) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 H\u00eab-r\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 382-387. B\u1ea3n &lt;em&gt;Vulgate Bible &lt;\/em&gt;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 sao trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vulgate-bible\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/vulgate-bible\/\" >Vulgate Bible<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-w mix\" data-filter-base=\"w\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">W<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wafer&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u00e1nh L\u1ec5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 \u201c&lt;em&gt;waufre&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1nh m\u1ecfng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng men, d\u00f9ng trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, khi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5, b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u nho tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e2n v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa do v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c ban ra (&lt;em&gt;transsubstantiation&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wafer\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wafer\/\" >Wafer<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wager of Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ti\u1ec1n C\u00f4ng C\u1ee7a T\u1ed9i L\u1ed7i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wager-of-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wager-of-sin\/\" >Wager of Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Waldense\/Waldensians&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Waldense&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o, kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng do Peter Waldo (Valdes) x\u1ee9 Lyons trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean (1170-1180). Walde v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, qua m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc g\u1eb7p Ch\u00faa, \u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, cho h\u1ebft gia t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi thanh b\u1ea1ch \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00f4ng, ch\u1ecbu \u201cs\u1ed1ng ngh\u00e8o\u201d v\u00e0 ra \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 tin quy\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;evangelism&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n (&lt;em&gt;perfect)&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1184, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 k\u1ebft \u00e1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o (v\u00ec gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00ed kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i). V\u1ec1 sau, ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1eeda cho c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch lan r\u1ed9ng \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/waldense-waldensians\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/waldense-waldensians\/\" >Waldense\/Waldensians<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Waldenstorm, Peter Paul (1838-1917)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Waldenstorm, Peter Paul&lt;\/strong&gt; (1838-1917)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia, m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y S\u0129. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c\u00a0 \u201cGiao \u01af\u1edbc Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Th\u1ee5y S\u0129\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Swedisk Mission Covenant&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp 2 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i: \u201cGi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh Giao \u01af\u1edbc\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Evangelical Covenant Church&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh T\u1ef1 Do (&lt;em&gt;Evangelical FreeChurch&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Lulea, \u00a0Peter\u00a0 P. Wildenstorm h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 ng\u1eef t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Lippsala.\u00a0 \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran n\u0103m 1863. V\u1ec1 sau, \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c v\u00ec kh\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.&lt;br \/&gt;\nNh\u1eefng t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed ch\u1ebft thay (&lt;em&gt;atonement&lt;\/em&gt;), s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i; v\u1ec1 sau, ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1o l\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. \u00d4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u00e1p nh\u1eadp l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o Qu\u1ed1c Doanh (&lt;em&gt;State Religion&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Wildenstorm hi\u1ec7p \u00fd v\u1edbi Luther v\u00e0 Calvin trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1. V\u1ec1 sau, Wildenstorm n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong s\u1ef1 minh bi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc Th\u00e1nh Kinh l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh (&lt;em&gt;Church History Theology&lt;\/em&gt;), nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/waldenstorm-peter-paul-1838-1917\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/waldenstorm-peter-paul-1838-1917\/\" >Waldenstorm, Peter Paul (1838-1917)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Walther, Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm (1811-1887)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Walther, Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(1811-1887)&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Saxony, n\u01a1i cha \u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khi c\u00f2n b\u00e9 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201csinh ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1ea1c&lt;em&gt;,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d nh\u01b0ng cha \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c cho \u00f4ng, cho \u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Leipzig h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1929. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Martin Stephen, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c \u1edf \u0110i\u1ec7n Th\u00e1nh Johannes, g\u1ea7n Dresden. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p 1833, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam. N\u0103m 1837, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf Braunsdorf, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch lu\u1eadn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u0103m 1838, \u00f4ng gia nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi h\u01a1n s\u00e1u tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran di c\u01b0 sang Hoa K\u1ef3 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Stephen.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nNgay sau khi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf Missouri, Hoa K\u1ef3, \u00f4ng Wilhelm khai l\u1eadp v\u00e0i h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh Th\u00e1nh 1839, v\u1ec1 sau d\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 St. Louis. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Concordia Theological Semi-nary v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd trong c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Tin L\u00e0nh \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1841, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 1 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh l\u1edbn Trinity Church (GH Lutheran). Ch\u00ednh Wilhelm \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o khu c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Nh\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t B\u1ea3n V\u0103n Ph\u1ea9m Concordia. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh Lutheran B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 1872. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/walther-carl-ferdinand-wilhelm-1811-1887\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/walther-carl-ferdinand-wilhelm-1811-1887\/\" >Walther, Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm (1811-1887)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;War&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chi\u1ebfn Tranh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t, chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u00e1nh nhau b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed gi\u1eefa 2 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eb1m tranh gi\u00e0nh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i. Trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ch\u00faa, chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00e1c nahu trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n l\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia hay t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. G\u1ea7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chinh ph\u1ea1t nh\u1eb1m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d trong chi\u1ebfn tranh hay \u0111em ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh cho 2 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i. Trong chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch n\u00e0y, n\u1ea9y sinh ra m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cJust War\u201d.\u00a0 T\u1eeb n\u00e0y g\u00e2y tranh lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00edn H\u1eefu (&lt;em&gt;Christian Ethic&lt;\/em&gt;), bao g\u1ed3m \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u201cc\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh, hay t\u1ea1o ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh\u201d cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eefa 2 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0, \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i,\u201d hay l\u00e0, \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i\u201d c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean? K\u1ef3 th\u1eadt v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi tron chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1eadt v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.\u00a0 Ai n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0u \u0111\u00f2 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o?\u2026 C\u00f2n gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong chi\u1ebfn tranhth\u00ec gi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u01b0 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong chi\u1ebfn tranh\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/war\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/war\/\" >War<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Warfield Benjamin Brec-kinridge (1854-1921)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Warfield Benjamin Brec-kinridge (1854-1921)&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Calvin t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Princeton. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Princeton, \u00f4ng \u0111i d\u1ea1y \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9c Archibald Alexander Hodge, l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 m\u00f4n bi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Princeton. GS. Breckinridge \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Calvin, Augustine, Westminster Confession ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin \u201cTh\u00e1nh Kinh V\u00f4 Ng\u1ed9\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Inerrancy&lt;\/em&gt;), s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/warfield-benjamin-brec-kinridge-1854-1921\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/warfield-benjamin-brec-kinridge-1854-1921\/\" >Warfield Benjamin Brec-kinridge (1854-1921)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Warneck, Gustar Adolf (1834-1910)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Warneck, Gustar Adolf&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(1834-1910)&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc trong Th\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Franke School v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Hale, \u0110\u1ee9c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1862 v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Rhenish Missionary Society \u1edf Berman. V\u00ec c\u1edb b\u1ec7nh, n\u00ean \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1875. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, MS. Warneck d\u00e0nh th\u00ec gi\u1edd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Allgemeine Missionszeitschrift&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Maga-zine Founded 1874), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Mordern Mission and Culture: Their Mutual Relation&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1879), \u201c&lt;em&gt;Outline of a History of Protestant Mission from the Refor-mation to the Present Times&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1882) v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Evangelical Mission Doctrine&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1892, untranslated). T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a MS. Warneck thu\u1ed9c GH Thanh Gi\u00e1o thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7. \u00d4ng nh\u00ecn C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi trong \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m linh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (&lt;em&gt;nature and spirit&lt;\/em&gt;) \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi. \u00d4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o trong m\u1ed7i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u00ec C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh L\u1eddi \u0110CT.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/warneck-gustar-adolf-1834-1910\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/warneck-gustar-adolf-1834-1910\/\" >Warneck, Gustar Adolf (1834-1910)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Watch Night Service&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u00eam Th\u1ee9c Canh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa do ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;Methodist&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam giao th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n cho n\u0103m m\u1edbi s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn, t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi L\u1ec5 Giao Th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/watch-night-service\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/watch-night-service\/\" >Watch Night Service<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Water Buffalo Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Water Buffalo&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Kosuke Koyama (b. 1929), ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, nh\u1eb1m n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa (Christian) ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Water Buffalo (&lt;em&gt;Tr\u00e2u N\u01b0\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 si\u00eang n\u0103ng trong V\u0103n H\u00f3a Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/water-buffalo-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/water-buffalo-theology\/\" >Water Buffalo Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Watson, Richard (1781-1833)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Watson, Richard&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(1781-1833)&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng Th\u01b0 K\u00fd Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Barton-upon-Hunter, Lincoln -Shire. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1edd b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a William Dodwell v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y sinh nh\u1eadt l\u00fac 15 tu\u1ed5i. N\u0103m 1796, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed. Gi\u00e1o S\u0129 R. Watson gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00ed Methodish. V\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh, 1801. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng Th\u01b0 K\u00fd Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed New Connexion v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn 7 n\u0103m sau. N\u0103m 1809, \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng Th\u01b0 K\u00fd Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed, 1810. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a GS. R. Watson mang hai chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 Arminian, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00edn l\u00ed ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d. S\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Theological Institutes&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1823), v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ai kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d S\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3, Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed Anh Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed Anh Gi\u00e1o Mi\u1ec1n Nam; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eadm trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh Hoa K\u1ef3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/watson-richard-1781-1833\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/watson-richard-1781-1833\/\" >Watson, Richard (1781-1833)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Watson, Thomas (d.c. 1686)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Watson, Thomas&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(d.c. 1686)&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 Thanh Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Emmanuel College, Cambridge (H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n C. H. Spurgeon l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u0129 nh\u00e2n trong kh\u1ed1i Tin L\u00e0nh). \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. N\u0103m 1646, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n St. Stephen, Walbook, London. V\u00ec v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103m 1660. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i n\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n sau khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi, quy\u1ec3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Body of Practical Divinity&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1692) bao g\u1ed3m 176 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18-19, trong to\u00e0n N\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, v\u00ec l\u1eddi v\u0103n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u1ea5t l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t, trong s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u00a0hi\u1ec3u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/watson-thomas-d-c-1686\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/watson-thomas-d-c-1686\/\" >Watson, Thomas (d.c. 1686)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Way, the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;derek&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;hodos.&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu theo Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 (Xem C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 9:2; 19:9; 23:23; 24:14, 22). T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea7u Ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u201c&lt;em&gt;cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, hay l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Jesus d\u1ea1y \u1edf Ma-thi-\u01a1 7:13-14. Trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1eeb &lt;em&gt;The Way&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn &lt;em&gt;Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea1o, Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1o&lt;\/em&gt;. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, &lt;em&gt;Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng&lt;\/em&gt; l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus (Gi\u0103ng 14:7). Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, Ng\u00e0i 1\u00e0 \u201cCon \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d (&lt;em&gt;The&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Way&lt;\/em&gt;) cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ai kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh. (Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;em&gt;Jesus the Christ&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/way-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/way-the\/\" >Way, the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;WCC (World Council of Churches)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i L\u00e3nh \u0110\u1ea1o \u1edf Amsterdam (H\u00f2a Lan, 1948) nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh: Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo Th\u00e1nh Kinh. Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ed5 s\u00fay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m Ch\u00faa giao l\u00e0 vinh danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Ba Ng\u00f4i: \u0110\u1ee9c Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Con, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a GH Tin L\u00e0nh tham d\u1ef1. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 h\u1ecdp v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i k\u00e9m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wcc-world-council-of-churches\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wcc-world-council-of-churches\/\" >WCC (World Council of Churches)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Weeks, Feast of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1ec5 Tu\u1ea7n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m cho nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam trong d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean, c\u00f2n 2 l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, hoa qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a (Xu\u1ea5t 34: 22-23). Ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn 49 ng\u00e0y (7 weeks) sau L\u1ec5 M\u00f9a G\u1eb7t cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed7i l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea3i c\u1eed h\u00e0nh (gi\u1eef) trong m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/weeks-feast-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/weeks-feast-of\/\" >Weeks, Feast of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wesley-anism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed Wesley&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a MS. John Wesley (1703-91), l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Methodish. K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c, MS. J. Wesley \u0111\u00e3 theo gi\u00e1o l\u00ed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a James Arminius (1560-1609) v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a John Wesley \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong ni\u1ec1m tin ph\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng t\u00e2m linh trong th\u1eddi Great Awakening I (&lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng I&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn nay trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi GH Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;Methodish&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Na-za-rines. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Hoa K\u1ef3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wesley-anism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wesley-anism\/\" >Wesley-anism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wesleyan Tradition&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Wesley&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a M\u1ee5c S\u01b0 John Wesley (1703-1791) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;previnient grace&lt;\/em&gt;), \u201cs\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;freedom of the will&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3 thi th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n\u201d (&lt;em&gt;total sanctification possi-bility&lt;\/em&gt;). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1m L\u00ed (&lt;em&gt;Methodish&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Na-za-ren (&lt;em&gt;Church of the Nazarene&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wesleyan-tradition\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wesleyan-tradition\/\" >Wesleyan Tradition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Western Schism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Chia T\u00e1ch V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;(Xem th\u00eam &lt;em&gt;Great Schism&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/western-schism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/western-schism\/\" >Western Schism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Western Text&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Kinh La-tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ee7 sao (&lt;em&gt;manuscript&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc Hy-l\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i La-tin (&lt;em&gt;T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng&lt;\/em&gt;). B\u1ea3n th\u1ee7 sao n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc tu ch\u00ednh, ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 B. F. Westcott (1825-1901) v\u00e0 F. J. A. Hort (1828-1892). B\u1ea3n Western Text c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Westcott-Hort (1881) hay l\u00e0 Textus Receptus.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/western-text\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/western-text\/\" >Western Text<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Western Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \/\/ La-tin&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \/\/ La-tin (&lt;em&gt;Western Church&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (&lt;em&gt;Greek Orthodox Church&lt;\/em&gt;). D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m l\u00ed. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1015 AD, khi 2 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n chia t\u00e1ch, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/western-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/western-theology\/\" >Western Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Westminster Assembly&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Westminster&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/westminster-assembly\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/westminster-assembly\/\" >Westminster Assembly<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Westminster Catechism (1643-1649)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u Westminster&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i Westminster, Abbey \u1edf Anh, do l\u1ec7nh tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;Long Parliament&lt;\/em&gt;, 1643-1649). Qua 1,163 ph\u1ea7n, 151 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 30 m\u1ee5c s\u0129 (layman). N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ph\u1ea7n: (1) Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 (2) B\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta tu\u00e2n theo. Trong ph\u1ea7n 2 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 3 ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf: (a) Di\u1ec5n Gi\u1ea3i 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u R\u0103n, (b) Gi\u00e1o L\u00ed V\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Tin, (c) Nh\u1eefng Th\u00e1nh T\u00edch M\u1eabu \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n: L\u1eddi H\u1ee9a, Th\u00e1nh T\u00edch, C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n, B\u00e1p-tem, Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/westminster-catechism-1643-1649\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/westminster-catechism-1643-1649\/\" >Westminster Catechism (1643-1649)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Westminster Confession of Faith (1647)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Westminster&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m Westminster n\u0103m 1643, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 4 n\u0103m sau, H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Westminster. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1647. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tham d\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh bao g\u1ed3m 151 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 (c\u1eed tri), 10 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i (&lt;em&gt;House of Lords&lt;\/em&gt;), 20 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Commons v\u00e0 8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ed1c gia Scottland v\u1edbi Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Anh. N\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin bao g\u1ed3m (t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t): (1) Tin v\u00e0o l\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Kinh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, (2) Tin quy\u1ebft v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, theo \u00fd cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, (3) Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean giao \u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, (4) T\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c qua ni\u1ec1m tin con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin, (5) Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, (6) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt bu\u1ed9c tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u00edn h\u1eefu, (7) Gi\u1eef ng\u00e0y \u201cSabbat\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Ngh\u1ec9, Ng\u00e0y Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;), (8) M\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/westminster-confession-of-faith-1647\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/westminster-confession-of-faith-1647\/\" >Westminster Confession of Faith (1647)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Westminster Standards&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Ch\u00ednh Westminster&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ngh\u1ecb t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1643-1649, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u1ed3m: B\u1ea3n \u201c&lt;em&gt;Directory for the Public Worship of God\u201d (1644),&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;Form of Presby-terial Church Goverment&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d &lt;em&gt;(1645). &lt;\/em&gt;B\u1ea3n &lt;em&gt;Westminster Confesstion of Faith (1647) &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n&lt;em&gt; Larger and Shorter Catechisms (1647&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/westminster-standards\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/westminster-standards\/\" >Westminster Standards<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Whitby, Daniel (1638-1726)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Whitby, Daniel&lt;\/strong&gt; (1638-1726)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, sinh \u1edf Northamp-tonshire v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u1edf Trinity College, Oxford. \u00d4ng Whitby \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Tu Vi\u1ec7n Th\u00e1nh St. Edmund\u2019s. Salisbury, 1669. D\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea7y \u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (writer). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tranh lu\u1eadn d\u00e0y h\u01a1n 39 t\u1eadp. S\u00e1ch \u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y. Tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00ed C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Thanh Gi\u00e1o Anh Qu\u1ed1c. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft trong 2 t\u1eadp, \u201c&lt;em&gt;A&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Paraphrase and Commen-tary on the New Testament&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1703), ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng trong 2 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18-19. Sau c\u00f9ng, MS. Daniel Whitby l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c ni\u1ec1m tin postmillennialism (&lt;em&gt;h\u1eadu thi\u00ean ni\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 18 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/whitby-daniel-1638-1726\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/whitby-daniel-1638-1726\/\" >Whitby, Daniel (1638-1726)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Whitby, Synod of (1663-1664)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o S\u1edf Whitby&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Northumbria \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Celtic Groups c\u1ee7a T\u00edn H\u1eefu Tin L\u00e0nh Anh Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;.\u00a0 \u00dd chung, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a TL v\u00e0 CG.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/whitby-synod-of-1663-1664\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/whitby-synod-of-1663-1664\/\" >Whitby, Synod of (1663-1664)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;White Sunday&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Tr\u1eafng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng &lt;em&gt;Anglo-saxon&lt;\/em&gt; \u201cWhite Sunday\u201d. Nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o \u201cCh\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt Th\u1ee9 7\u201d v\u00e0o \u201cNg\u00e0y Th\u1ee9 50&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; sau L\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c Sinh. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh Gi\u00e1ng L\u00e2m (C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 2) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Ng\u0169 Tu\u1ea7n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/white-sunday\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/white-sunday\/\" >White Sunday<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Whitefield, George (1714-1770)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Whitefield, George&lt;\/strong&gt; (1714-1770)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong th\u1eddi Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng I, trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Tin L\u00e0nh (C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh). Whitefeild l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Anh Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi John v\u00e0 Charles Wesley (hai anh em) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u201cH\u1ed9i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Holy Group&lt;\/em&gt;) \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oxford trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1720\u2019s, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh. G. Whitefeild \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho anh em Wesleys trong vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t thanh v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gh\u00e9 Georgia trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn trong n\u0103m 1738 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf c\u00f4 nhi vi\u1ec7n. Sau khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, ti\u1ebfng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vang kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, \u00f4ng m\u1edf nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00eam c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 8,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 th\u00e1ng \u1edf Bang New England. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1n ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng l\u1edbn \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. \u00d4ng \u0111i \u0111i l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng l\u1edbn \u1edf England v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 su\u1ed1t 10 n\u0103m. Nh\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o George Whitefield v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00faa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1770. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec3u ban \u00a0tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Hoa K\u1ef3.&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a George Whitefield th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n t\u1eeb trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a John Calvin. Gi\u1eefa G. Whitefield v\u00e0 J. Wesley c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.\u00a0 Wesley c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi Arminian t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh cho Ch\u00faa, c\u00f2n Whitefield g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 tin \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m 2 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch: tin \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a G. Whitefeild v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a J. Wesley. Gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang tranh ch\u1ea5p th\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin, gi\u1eefa C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Tin L\u00e0nh, George Whitefield \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi cho ni\u1ec1m tin thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh. V\u00ec th\u1ec3 sau G. Whitefield kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, c\u01a1n Ph\u1ea5n H\u01b0ng l\u1edbn II \u0111\u1ebfn.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/whitefield-george-1714-1770\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/whitefield-george-1714-1770\/\" >Whitefield, George (1714-1770)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wholly Other&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng Bi\u1ec7t To\u00e0n&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi Tri\u1ebft Gia Soren Kierkergard (1813-1835), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u0110\u1ea5ng Si\u00eau Vi\u1ec7t Th\u00e1nh.\u201d\u00a0 T\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0110\u1ea5ng Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i Kh\u00e1c Bi\u1ec7t\u201d hay \u201c\u0110\u1ea5ng Kh\u00e1c Bi\u1ec7t Tuy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Absolutely Different&lt;\/em&gt;)&lt;em&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi suy lu\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean, 2 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 Karl Barth (1883-1966) v\u00e0 Emil Brunner (1889-1966) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n qua s\u1ef1 minh bi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n gian. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Ch\u00e2n (&lt;em&gt;Wholly Other&lt;\/em&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wholly-other\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wholly-other\/\" >Wholly Other<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wickedness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gian \u00c1c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;G\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u xa t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Kinh Th\u00e1nh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1eeb khi s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf. T\u1eeb c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 Eva \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111au kh\u1ed5\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft\u201d c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (S\u00e1ng 3:1-20; 13:13; \u00ca-sai 26:10; M\u00e1c 7:22; R\u00f4-ma 28; 3:23; 6:23). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong Kinh C\u01af nh\u1eefng ai t\u00f4n th\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u201cwickedness\u201d (&lt;em&gt;x\u1ea5u xa, gian \u00e1c&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201cevil\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u1eeb \u201cEvil\u201d vi\u1ebft hoa \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 Sa-tan, l\u00e0 Qu\u1ec9 V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi n\u1ea7y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wickedness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wickedness\/\" >Wickedness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Will&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00dd Mu\u1ed1n, \u00dd Ch\u1ec9&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;voluntas&lt;\/em&gt;, t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed, \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a, ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c hay nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.\u00a0 V\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi: \u201cFreeedom of will\u201d (&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 T\u1ef1 Do \u00dd Ch\u00ed&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do \u00fd ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh th\u00edch s\u1ed1ng, ham s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do s\u1ed1ng. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh \u201ct\u1ef1 do \u00fd ch\u00ed\u201d m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/will\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/will\/\" >Will<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Will of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u00dd Ch\u00faa, \/\/ Ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00fac m\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. Kinh Th\u00e1nh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;Voluntas Dei.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau, 3 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: &lt;em&gt;h\u00e0p\u00e8s,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;s\u00f2m&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u00e0ba&lt;\/em&gt;. Trong Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc c\u0169ng v\u1eady: &lt;em&gt;thel\u00f2\/ thel\u00e8ma,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;boulomai\/ boul\u00e8&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;eudokia&lt;\/em&gt;; t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 will (&lt;em&gt;\u00fd mu\u1ed1n&lt;\/em&gt;), desire (&lt;em&gt;ham mu\u1ed1n&lt;\/em&gt;), favor (&lt;em&gt;\u00fd th\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;), enjoy (&lt;em&gt;vui th\u00edch&lt;\/em&gt;), pleasure (&lt;em&gt;tho\u1ea3 th\u00edch, h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng&lt;\/em&gt;), counsel (&lt;em&gt;c\u1ea7u \u00fd&lt;\/em&gt;). Trong \u00ca-ph\u00ea-s\u00f4 1:5; 9:11, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Phao-l\u00f4 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u00f4m tr\u1ecdn c\u00e1c \u00fd tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb Hy-l\u1ea1p di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3: (1) C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d trong m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1. H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. Nh\u1edd th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea1m. Phao-l\u00f4 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 (&lt;em&gt;ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 t\u00edn h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn theo \u00fd Ch\u00faa (I &amp; II Cor. 1:1; Eph.1:1; Col.1:1; II Tim.1:1; II Tim.2:13; Heb.6:18)&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt; (2) Nh\u00ecn \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u1ea3 Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u1eeb l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. T\u1eeb l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a. T\u1eeb l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i qua Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus qua s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng sinh, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, th\u0103ng thi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a qua \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i an \u1ee7i, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, soi s\u00e1ng con d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i. \u00dd Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trong d\u00e2n \u00cdt-ra-\u00ean v\u00e0 trong con d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (Math 7:21-23; Gi\u0103ng 14,15) (3) \u00dd Ch\u00faa trong s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf. Con Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng ai tin v\u00e0o Con Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Cha \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. (S\u00e1ng 1-3; 12; Xu\u1ea5t 1-4; \u00ca-sai 9:53; Math.6:10; 7:21-23). \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nKhi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00fat m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c! L\u00e0 Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe \u00fd Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft qua l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 qua Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh (Gi\u0103ng 14,16; Gal. 5; Eph. 5:1-21).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/will-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/will-of-god\/\" >Will of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Willful Sin&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ebft T\u00e2m Ph\u1ea1m T\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc s\u00e1ch H\u00eab-r\u01a1 6: 6 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, &lt;em&gt;\u201cN\u1ebfu h\u1ecd sa ng\u00e3, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n n\u0103n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh Con \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c t\u1ecf Ng\u00e0i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (BDM, 2002). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i kinh cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u1ed1 \u00fd ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d hay l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng \u00e2n t\u1ee9 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o qua c\u00e1c c\u00e2u 4-5. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i. S\u1ef1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t (giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft); do \u0111\u00f3, khi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i th\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e3nh h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh\u2026 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/willful-sin\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/willful-sin\/\" >Willful Sin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;William of Ockham (1280-1349)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;William of Ockham&lt;\/strong&gt; (1280-1349)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia c\u1ee7a Anh trong Th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5. \u00d4ng sinh \u1edf Ockham Surrey trong kho\u1ea3ng (1280-1285) v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng Friars Minor. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1306, \u00f4ng theo h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Oxford. \u00d4ng th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a John Duns Scottus trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng v\u00f4 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t n\u0103ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i, ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m trong quy\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Sentence&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a Peter Abelard v\u00e0 2 s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Summa Logicae&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;De Sacramento Altaris.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng minh bi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng chung. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 t\u00edn l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft qua l\u00ed lu\u1eadn. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn qua kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb, m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i v\u00e0 qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Qua minh bi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean, cho th\u1ea5y trong chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u gi\u1eefa W. Ockham v\u00e0 Thomas Aquinas kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng John XXII \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t nghi v\u1ea5n th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u1ee9t ph\u00e9p th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi GHCG La-m\u00e3.\u00a0 N\u0103m 1328, \u00f4ng Ockham tr\u1ed1n sang N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 gia nh\u1eadp C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, d\u01b0\u1edbi Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Ludwig of Bavaria. V\u1ec1 sau, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7p h\u00f2a v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Thomas trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. \u00d4ng mang \u0111\u1ee9c tin ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh cho gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00ed v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. W. Ockham c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u00f2a v\u1edbi GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/william-of-ockham-1280-1349\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/william-of-ockham-1280-1349\/\" >William of Ockham (1280-1349)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wine&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;R\u01b0\u1ee3u Nho&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;R\u01b0\u1ee3u nho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. U\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0103n u\u1ed1ng (Thi 104:14-15), l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c (Lu-ca 10:34), l\u1ec5 l\u1ed9c vui v\u1ebb (Gi\u0103ng 2:3); nh\u01b0ng say r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i (\u00ca-sai 5:11-17; R\u00f4-ma 13:13; Eph. 1:5). Trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u nho \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (Lu-ca 22:20; Math. 26:26-29; I Cor. 11:23).\u00a0 Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, th\u00ec bao g\u1ed3m hai \u00fd: (1) U\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u00e0m c\u1edb v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea1m d\u00f9 \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u, \u201c&lt;em&gt;v\u00ec r\u01b0\u1ee3u xui cho lu\u00f4n tu\u1ed3ng b\u1eady b\u1ea1;&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (2) \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p say r\u01b0\u1ee3u (Eph. 5:18 &lt;em&gt;\u201c\u0111\u1eebng say r\u01b0\u1ee3u&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d). Tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 kh\u1eaft khe, m\u00e0 n\u00ean dung h\u00f2a 2 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c say r\u01b0\u1ee3u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean u\u1ed1ng v\u1eady.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wine\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wine\/\" >Wine<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wisdom&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kh\u00f4n Ngoan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;sapientia &lt;\/em&gt;v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;sophia&lt;\/em&gt;. L\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh h\u1ecdc, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201c\u0111\u00fang\u201d hay \u201csai\u201d, \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d hay \u201cx\u1ea5u\u201d. T\u1eeb kh\u00f4n ngoan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4n ngoan kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0: - Theo tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00ec c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c\u2026 Nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi), \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (hay \u00fd th\u1ee9c). N\u00f3i theo to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c (\u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng l\u00ed). Khi \u0111em c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan. V\u00e0 nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 (\u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng l\u00ed) m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00fac m\u1eaft trong nh\u00e2n gian. C\u00e1i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. Trong ti\u1ebfng La-tin g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00a0&lt;em&gt;scientia&lt;\/em&gt;, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan, ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 wisdom\/ knowledge, khi \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, V\u1eady, ch\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ed1n d\u0129 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef &lt;em&gt;scientia&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan.&lt;br \/&gt;\nNg\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho bi\u1ebft, Ba-by-l\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i khai sinh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, Ai-c\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, Hy-l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, La M\u00e3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 (t\u1eeb qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7), v\u00e0 Do Th\u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan, th\u00f4ng minh. V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u0110CT l\u00e0 h\u1eadu thu\u1ea9n cho h\u1ecd. Ch\u00ednh \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecd l\u00e0 d\u00e2n th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u00a0Trong Kinh C\u01af, Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt v\u00e0 Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n, qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 qua kh\u00f4n ngoan Ch\u00faa ban, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean qua c\u00e1c c\u00e2u ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n qu\u00ed b\u00e1u: \u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 &lt;strong&gt;k\u00ednh s\u1ee3&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 tri th\u1ee9c&lt;\/strong&gt;; C\u00f2n k\u1ebb ngu mu\u1ed9i khinh b\u1ec9 &lt;strong&gt;s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan&lt;\/strong&gt; v\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d v\u00e0,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;em&gt;\u201c&lt;strong&gt;K\u00ednh s\u1ee3&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 &lt;strong&gt;kh\u00f4n ngoan&lt;\/strong&gt;; S\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 &lt;strong&gt;th\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng&lt;\/strong&gt;.\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n 1: 7; 9:10; v\u00e0,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 k\u00ednh s\u1ee3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u &lt;strong&gt;s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan&lt;\/strong&gt;; Ph\u00e0m k\u1ebb n\u00e0o gi\u1eef theo \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u. S\u1ef1 ng\u1ee3i khen Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Thi Thi\u00ean\u00a0 111:10).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u201c&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 K\u00ednh S\u1ee3 \u0110CT&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4n ngoan. Kinh Th\u00e1nh ghi l\u1ea1i qua ti\u00ean tri \u00ca-sai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa cho bi\u1ebft: \u201c&lt;em&gt;V\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1eebng\u00a0tr\u1eddi cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea5t\u00a0bao nhi\u00eau, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ta cao\u00a0h\u01a1n\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ta cao\u00a0h\u01a1n\u00a0\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u0169ng b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (E-sai 55:9). C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4n ngoan, \u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0110CT bao tr\u00f9m h\u1ebft: Kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n, khai minh, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u0103n minh, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, khoa h\u1ecdc, th\u00f4ng minh\u2026 N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4n ngoan th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i bao tr\u00f9m h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, vua kh\u00f4n ngoan nh\u01b0, Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n ch\u00e2u ng\u1ecdc&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026\u201d (Ch\u00e2m 8:11, BTT)&lt;em&gt;. &lt;\/em&gt;V\u00e0&lt;em&gt; \u201cQu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan l\u00e0 kho v\u00f4 t\u1eadn\u2026\u201d (Ch\u00e2m 7:14, LM, NTT). &lt;\/em&gt;N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c &lt;em&gt;\u201cs\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u2026\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nTr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u: \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c, (&lt;em&gt;\u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng l\u00ed, l\u1ebd th\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u00e9n nh\u1ea1y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 qua c\u00e2u ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Tr\u00e8o cao, th\u00ec t\u00e9 n\u1eb7ng&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u00e9 n\u1eb7ng (\u0111au) th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng tr\u00e8o cao. Khi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m tr\u00e8o cao. N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ckh\u00f4n ngoan\u201d? N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng, th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n. V\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u, \u201c&lt;em&gt;n\u1ebfu&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;c\u1ee9 th\u1eed, th\u00ec s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e2m thu\u00fd h\u01a1n, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Tham th\u1ef1c, c\u1ef1c th\u00e2n.\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; C\u00e2u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t th\u00e2m thu\u00fd. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho hay, c\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi \u201c&lt;em&gt;chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u0169ng v\u00ec mi\u1ebfng \u0103n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d: d\u00e0nh gi\u1ef1t \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, m\u1edf mang b\u1edd c\u1ecfi\u2026 Th\u1ebf,\u00a0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;kh\u00f4ng tham l\u00e0 g\u00ec?&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e0u c\u00f3\u2026 Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee5c vui v\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u00f3 th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u&lt;\/em&gt;,\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 do tham lam&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d\u2026 v\u00e0 tham lam l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t &lt;em&gt;ch\u00e2n l\u00ed,&lt;\/em&gt; \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u2026 &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 tham ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb v\u00ec \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i n\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1o, chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (I Tim 6:10).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 .&lt;br \/&gt;\nN\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3i trong ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u00e2n sinh, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u xa nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean, t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u1ea3i qua, s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, kinh nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, sau h\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 khi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, k\u1ebb h\u1eadu sinh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc qua m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y,\u2026 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh ng\u00e0y nay, l\u00e0 do n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n bi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb c\u00e1i \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.&lt;br \/&gt;\nTh\u1ebf th\u00ec trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec sao? N\u1ebfu nghe theo l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0n c\u00e2u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4n ngoan, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i m\u1ea5y ai ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ecdc, ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Ch\u00ednh Kh\u1ed5ng Phu T\u1eed, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1t l\u00ean, \u201cH\u1eadu sinh kh\u1ea3 u\u00fd\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;sinh sau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh&lt;\/em&gt;), v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f2n k\u1ebb d\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc.&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u00f2n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh, l\u00e0 b\u1eadt cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00fac m\u1eaft h\u01a1n\u2026 N\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecbu nghe theo l\u1eddi th\u00e1nh th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao, v\u00ec h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao.\u00a0 Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4n ngoan ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a\u2026 Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd th\u00eam s\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 ban kh\u00f4n ngoan, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, \u201c&lt;strong&gt;N\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft K\u00ednh S\u1ee3 Ch\u00faa&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d. T\u1eeb \u201ck\u00ednh s\u1ee3\u201d bao g\u1ed3m, t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 . &lt;em&gt;&lt;br \/&gt;\n&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: Kh\u00f4ng gian, th\u1eddi gian, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ed n\u0103ng. Vua Sa-lo-m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110CT ban cho kh\u00f4n ngoan b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u2026 \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai so b\u1eb1ng\u2026 \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 3,000 c\u00e2u kh\u00f4n ngoan (ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n), m\u00e0 nay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4n ngoan, \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u00a0&lt;strong&gt;K\u00ednh s\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va&lt;\/strong&gt;, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan&lt;\/strong&gt;; &lt;strong&gt;S\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u00e1nh,&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0111\u00f3 &lt;strong&gt;l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng.&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d (&lt;\/em&gt;Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n 9:10&lt;em&gt;). &lt;\/em&gt;\u00d4ng c\u0169ng minh \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4n ngoan&lt;em&gt;, \u201c&lt;strong&gt;S\u1ef1 k\u00ednh s\u1ee3&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va v\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t &lt;strong&gt;ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng,&lt;\/strong&gt; \u0110\u1eb7ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi b\u1eaby s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Ch\u00e2m ng\u00f4n 14:27). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb cho bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4n ngoan l\u00e0 th\u00e2n v\u1ecb cao c\u1ea3, l\u00e0 \u0110CT, &lt;em&gt;\u201c&lt;strong&gt;Ta, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan,&lt;\/strong&gt;..\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n 8:12, 14, 22-30). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, 1,000 n\u0103m sau, S\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng c\u0169ng minh \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Kh\u00f4n Ngoan &lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ch\u00ednh l\u00e0&lt;strong&gt; Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Gi\u00ea-su, &lt;\/strong&gt;l\u00e0&lt;strong&gt; Logos, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 1:1tt).&lt;br \/&gt;\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4n ngoan hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. V\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4n ngoan ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, v\u00ec Ch\u00ednh \u0110CT l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Kh\u00f4n Ngoan (Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n 1, 8, 9, 4; Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o 7, 8,12; Thi Thi\u00ean 14:1tt, 90, 139, S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 1-11).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wisdom\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wisdom\/\" >Wisdom<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wisdom Literature&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u0103n H\u00f3a Kh\u00f4n Ngoan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u0103n th\u01a1, Ch\u00e2m Ng\u00f4n, Truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o, Gi\u00f3p. C\u1ea3 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o l\u1eabn Tin L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4n ngoan.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wisdom-literature\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wisdom-literature\/\" >Wisdom Literature<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wisdom of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;S\u1ef1 Kh\u00f4n Ngoan C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ebft quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh, h\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch thu\u1eadt k\u00fd, s\u1eed k\u00fd, th\u01a1 v\u0103n, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (M\u00f4i-se, \u0110a-v\u00edt, Sa-mu-\u00ean, S\u00f4-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n, \u00ca-sai, Gi\u00ea-r\u00ea-mi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus). Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 m\u00f2 m\u1eabm s\u1ed1ng trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Kho\u1ea3ng 50 B.C, tri\u1ebft gia Zeno \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u201c&lt;em&gt;kh\u00f4n ngoan t\u1ed9t b\u1eadc&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Qua t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, Logos ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi, l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Jesus, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Mu\u00f4n s\u1ef1 b\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m n\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 g\u00ec l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Gi\u0103ng 1:3)&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt; T\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi, b\u1edfi kh\u00f4n ngoan Ng\u00e0i l\u1eadp n\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u2026 v\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1eb1ng t\u1ec9 t\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng sao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u00edt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u00edt th\u00f4i!&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wisdom-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wisdom-of-god\/\" >Wisdom of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Witchcraft&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u00f9 Th\u1ee7y, Th\u1ea7y B\u00f9a, Th\u1ea7y Ma Thu\u1eadt&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 ma l\u1ef1c, d\u00f9ng ma l\u1ef1c y\u00eau qu\u00e1i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan, m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo, l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1ea1y ma qu\u1ef7. H\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e0 ma, ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u00e1nh Kinh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft \u00e1n nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5ng Cao C\u1ea3 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ng\u00e0i, ma thu\u1eadt lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y (Xu\u1ea5t 22:18; Ph\u1ee5c 18:9-14; Gal. 5:19-20, Math. 4:1-11).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/witchcraft\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/witchcraft\/\" >Witchcraft<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Witness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9ng Nh\u00e2n, L\u00e0m Ch\u1ee9ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;martyria&lt;\/em&gt; (t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3, l\u00e0 th\u1eadt. T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng trong Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1ea1o; v\u00e0 trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh sau n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ai rao truy\u1ec1n tin m\u1eebng v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus gi\u00e1ng sinh (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m ghi l\u1ea1i), ch\u1ecbu hy sinh (ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft), v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00e2n l\u00ed c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.\u00a0 \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I v\u00e0 cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu trong kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c thi theo l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh (C\u00f4ng 1:8; 2:33). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/witness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/witness\/\" >Witness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Witness of the Holy Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00e2n Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, \/\/ v\u1ec1 \u0110TL&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qua h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1, t\u00e1i sinh.v.v...).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/witness-of-the-holy-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/witness-of-the-holy-spirit\/\" >Witness of the Holy Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Witness of the Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/witness-of-the-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/witness-of-the-spirit\/\" >Witness of the Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wittenberg, Concord of (1536)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u00f2a \u01af\u1edbc Wittenberg 1536&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t h\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai theo Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Zwinglism v\u1ec1 t\u00edn l\u00ed c\u1ee7a L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. N\u1ed9i Dung c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a U\u1edbc bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00edn l\u00ed n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin \u201cbi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt\u201d (&lt;em&gt;transub-stantiation&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 \u201chi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt\u201d (&lt;em&gt;consubstantiation&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u nho trong khi c\u1eed l\u1ec5. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, hai ph\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay gi\u1eefa Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wittenberg-concord-of-1536\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wittenberg-concord-of-1536\/\" >Wittenberg, Concord of (1536)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889 -1951)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889 -1951)&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u00e2u x\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.&lt;strong&gt;\u00a0 &lt;\/strong&gt;Theo \u00f4ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mang lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p trong c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Qua c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 theo b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00fac s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c H\u00eab-r\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wittgenstein-ludwig-1889-1951\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wittgenstein-ludwig-1889-1951\/\" >Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889 -1951)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wittgensteinians&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Th\u1ee9c Gi\u1ea3 Wittgenstein&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n tri\u1ebft l\u00ed li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a L. Wittgenstein.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wittgensteinians\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wittgensteinians\/\" >Wittgensteinians<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Woman Church&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh N\u1eef Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh do ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef hay n\u1eef gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o do nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1eef gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t, hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ai ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, tuy kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/woman-church\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/woman-church\/\" >Woman Church<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Woman in the Bible&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ph\u1ee5 N\u1eef Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh ng\u00e0y nay. Trong nhi\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng va tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh; do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee5 phong m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 hay ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. N\u00f3i chung, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf; duy c\u00f2n 2 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 Southern Baptist Convention (Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i B\u00e1p-t\u00edt Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng) l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a cho ph\u00e9p.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/woman-in-the-bible\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/woman-in-the-bible\/\" >Woman in the Bible<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Woman Reality&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 N\u1eef Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1eef gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y nh\u1eafm c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/woman-reality\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/woman-reality\/\" >Woman Reality<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Woman Rights&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quy\u1ec1n N\u1eef Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb x\u01b0a, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1952, t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 m\u1edbi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n \u0111i b\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u201cQuy\u1ec1n Ph\u1ee5 N\u1eef B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng, 1956.\u201d Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y. Trong nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c hay b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nam gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/woman-rights\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/woman-rights\/\" >Woman Rights<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Woman Studies&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u N\u1eef Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1 t\u00ednh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a n\u1eef gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/woman-studies\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/woman-studies\/\" >Woman Studies<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Woman\u2019s Liberation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1i Ph\u00f3ng N\u1eef Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u201ctruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u201d xem nh\u1eb9 n\u1eef gi\u1edbi, xem th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/womans-liberation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/womans-liberation\/\" >Woman\u2019s Liberation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Woman\u2019s, Bible the (1895, 1898)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Woman\u2019s, Bible the&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(1895, 1898)&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh do b\u00e0 Elizabeth Candy Stanton (1815-1902) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n theo nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh King James. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadm nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eef gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eef gi\u1edbi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/womans-bible-the-1895-1898\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/womans-bible-the-1895-1898\/\" >Woman\u2019s, Bible the (1895, 1898)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Womanist Theology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o N\u1eef T\u00ednh Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc n\u1eef gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, m\u1ed7i s\u1eafc t\u00ednh n\u1eef gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m v\u0103n ho\u00e1, \u00fd th\u1ee9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c n\u1eef t\u00ednh. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb phong tr\u00e0o th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (liberation theology).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/womanist-theology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/womanist-theology\/\" >Womanist Theology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wonders&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec1u L\u1ea1, \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ea1c Nhi\u00ean&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c Th\u00e1nh Kinh, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u k\u1ef3, ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng h\u1ed3i, t\u1eebng l\u00fac trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, \u201csigns and wonders&lt;em&gt;\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;d\u1ea5u k\u1ef3, ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1&lt;\/em&gt;), t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a S\u00e1ch Gi\u0103ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201csi\u00eau nhi\u00ean\u201d do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ecf ra cho d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i. C\u1ea3 C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean; tuy nhi\u00ean, C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u201cs\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d qua nh\u1eefng \u201cd\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9ng\u201d, nh\u1eefng \u201cch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb\u201d hay \u201cbi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng \u201cd\u1ea5u l\u1ea1,\u201d \u201cph\u00e9p l\u1ea1,\u201d \u201cd\u1ea5u k\u1ef3\u201d do \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m: (1) N\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u201cphi th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d do \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i cao, (2) Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, (3) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cl\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn\u201d (&lt;em&gt;fulfilled&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wonders\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wonders\/\" >Wonders<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Word and Sacrament, Office of, Ministry of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee9c V\u1ee5 Rao Gi\u1ea3ng, \/\/ \u0110i\u1ec1u H\u00e0nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi h\u00e0nh (&lt;em&gt;administer&lt;\/em&gt;) c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn trong h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/word-and-sacrament-office-of-ministry-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/word-and-sacrament-office-of-ministry-of\/\" >Word and Sacrament, Office of, Ministry of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Word of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 &lt;em&gt;debar&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;\u05d3\u05b4\u05bc\u05d1\u05b0\u05e8\u05b5\u05a3\u05d9, &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;word&lt;\/em&gt;) l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ra, hay l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;event (&lt;\/em&gt;s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c&lt;em&gt;)&lt;\/em&gt;. L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ra cho d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i qua c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0: c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, c\u00e1c vua, ti\u00ean tri, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, th\u01a1. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o qua c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch sau: (1) \u201cL\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua \u201cCh\u00faa Jesus\u201d (Gi\u0103ng 1:1, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;), (2) L\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra (&lt;em&gt;Holy Scripture, Kinh Th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;) nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi D\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i (C\u01af) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 L\u1eddi S\u1ed1ng (T\u01af, &lt;em&gt;Living Word), &lt;\/em&gt;(3) L\u1eddi rao gi\u1ea3ng&lt;em&gt; (shama, &lt;\/em&gt;preaching) (Math. 15:6). Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c&lt;em&gt;s\u1ef1 rao gi\u1ea3ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf (C\u00f4ng 4:13; II Cor. 2:17; Col. 1:25) l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. &lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Logos&lt;\/strong&gt;, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n (1).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/word-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/word-of-god\/\" >Word of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Word of the Lord&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t trong kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/word-of-the-lord\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/word-of-the-lord\/\" >Word of the Lord<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Word-flesh Christology&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa H\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc T\u01af chuy\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf trong x\u00e1c th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u00e1ch ph\u00fac \u00e2m Gi\u0103ng. (&lt;em&gt;Xem&lt;\/em&gt; th\u00eam m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Jesus Christ, Christology&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/word-flesh-christology\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/word-flesh-christology\/\" >Word-flesh Christology<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Word, the&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;L\u1eddi, Ng\u00f4i L\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p \u201cLogos&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d T\u1eeb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n trong T\u01af, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u1edf Gi\u0103ng 1:1. \u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy-l\u1ea1p, do tri\u1ebft gia Zeno, 50 BC. S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa cho h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy-l\u1ea1p. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch Ph\u00fac \u00c2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00a0\u00d4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh &lt;em&gt;Logos&lt;\/em&gt; x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ (Gi\u0103ng 1:1). Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh kh\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng x\u00e1c th\u1ec3. (Gi\u0103ng 1:14). Ngo\u00e0i M\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed3 Gi\u0103ng, S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4 v\u00e0 Phi-e-r\u01a1 c\u0169ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Con M\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n trong d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh (Do-Th\u00e1i). C\u00f3 3 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn: (1) Logos l\u00e0 \u0110CT, (2) V\u00ec Logos m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp n\u00ean, (3) Nh\u1edd Logos m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0110CT. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nH\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn nay ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u201cLogos\u201d v\u00e0 L\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00a0(&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; m\u1ee5c &lt;strong&gt;Logos, Jesus Christ&lt;\/strong&gt;).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/word-the\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/word-the\/\" >Word, the<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Work&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c, C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5, Vi\u1ec7c L\u00e0m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;ergon&lt;\/em&gt;, bao g\u1ed3m \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, vinh danh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu. T\u1eeb n\u00f3i ri\u00eang cho t\u00edn h\u1eefu l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u1ecf b\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn cho Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/work\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/work\/\" >Work<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Work of Christ&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Nh\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/work-of-christ\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/work-of-christ\/\" >Work of Christ<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Work of Superogation&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5 Ngo\u1ea1i H\u01b0\u1edbng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i. T\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c do c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 theo lu\u1eadt \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/work-of-superogation\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/work-of-superogation\/\" >Work of Superogation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Work, Theology of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u201cnh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Con D\u00e2n Ch\u00faa,\u201d trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong \u201c&lt;em&gt;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed D\u00e2n Do-th\u00e1i&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, nh\u1eb1m minh ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 vinh danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa qua b\u00e0n tay k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i giao ph\u00f3. Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 trong C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec3n &lt;em&gt;La Borem Exercenes&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;On Human Work&lt;\/em&gt;, 1981) c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng John Paul II.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/work-theology-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/work-theology-of\/\" >Work, Theology of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Works of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin \u201c&lt;em&gt;opera Dei\u201d,&lt;\/em&gt; n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, quan ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n trong tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/works-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/works-of-god\/\" >Works of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Works of God, Proper&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00e2n B\u1eb1ng C\u00f4ng V\u1ee5&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 12&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/works-of-god-proper\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/works-of-god-proper\/\" >Works of God, Proper<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Works of Righteousness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Vi\u1ec7c C\u00f4ng Ngh\u0129a&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 t\u1eeb chung, \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n hay to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/works-of-righteousness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/works-of-righteousness\/\" >Works of Righteousness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Works of The Holy Spirit&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh s\u1ed1ng trong con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 trong H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng danh \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, bao g\u1ed3m \u201c&lt;em&gt;Soi s\u00e1ng, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, c\u00e1o tr\u00e1ch, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, s\u1eefa tr\u1ecb, che ch\u1edf, b\u1ea3o an, an \u1ee7i, ph\u00f9 h\u1ed9\u2026\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;(Rom. 8: 9-30; Eph. 5; Gal. 5).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/works-of-the-holy-spirit\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/works-of-the-holy-spirit\/\" >Works of The Holy Spirit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Works, Covenant of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c Giao \u01af\u1edbc&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi A-dam qua s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c th\u00ec b\u1ecb r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. \u00dd th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; thu\u1ed9c Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Westminster 1646, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7. Xa h\u01a1n, Th\u00e1nh Kinh \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c giao \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 7 l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean h\u1ee9a t\u1eeb A-dam \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa Jesus&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/works-covenant-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/works-covenant-of\/\" >Works, Covenant of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;World&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb chung n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m 5 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh g\u1ed3m tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. Trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi (I Gi\u0103ng 2:15-17; 5:4), lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong \u00fd t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/world\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/world\/\" >World<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;World Comes of Age&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi H\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ebfn&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb do Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc Gia Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906-1945) d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e2u gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thay quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n Ch\u00faa d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/world-comes-of-age\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/world-comes-of-age\/\" >World Comes of Age<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;World Council of Church (WCC)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1948, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng: \u201cCh\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Kinh.\u201d Nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng m\u1ec7nh k\u00eau g\u1ecdi vinh danh m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Cha, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Con v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh... Hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00fac m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/world-council-of-church-wcc\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/world-council-of-church-wcc\/\" >World Council of Church (WCC)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;World Evangelism\/ Evangelization&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u1ea3ng TL Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u1ea3ng Tin L\u00e0nh); c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;Mass Evengelism\/ Crusades&lt;\/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang&lt;\/em&gt;), h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/world-evangelism-evangelization\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/world-evangelism-evangelization\/\" >World Evangelism\/ Evangelization<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;World Mission&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ra truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n ngay c\u1ea3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0n.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/world-mission\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/world-mission\/\" >World Mission<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;World Religions&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t ranh gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia trong ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch mang s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i (&lt;em&gt;deliverance, salvation&lt;\/em&gt;) cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb bao g\u1ed3m: Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o, C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o, \u1ea4n-\u0111\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o, Shinto Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1o\u2026&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/world-religions\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/world-religions\/\" >World Religions<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;World View&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Quan \u0110i\u1ec3m Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi, \/\/ Chung, Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi Quan&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c &lt;em&gt;Weltans-chauung&lt;\/em&gt;. T\u1eeb ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 mang nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 chung cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf hay l\u1edbn. T\u1eeb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ngo\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn, l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c hay ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21st.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/world-view\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/world-view\/\" >World View<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Worldiness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tr\u1ea7n T\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m hai chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch, h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng hay v\u00f4 \u00edch, trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ec7 tr\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worldiness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worldiness\/\" >Worldiness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Worldly, Holiness&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u00e1nh H\u00f3a Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ebf, \/\/ Th\u1ebf T\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua s\u1ef1 v\u00e2ng theo l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980\u2019s, nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u01b0 \u00e2m.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worldly-holiness\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worldly-holiness\/\" >Worldly, Holiness<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Worldwide Church of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng do Herbert W. Armstrong (1892-1986), t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Seventh-day Adventist Church (&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ng\u00e0y Sa-b\u00e1t)&lt;\/em&gt;, kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1933. Mang theo nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ti\u00ean tri. V\u1ec1 sau, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd ti\u00ean phong ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Radio, T.V v\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed. Phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng sau khi \u00f4ng Armstrong qua \u0111\u1eddi 1986, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho con \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 con \u00f4ng R. Armstrong c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Tin L\u00e0nh thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worldwide-church-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worldwide-church-of-god\/\" >Worldwide Church of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Worm, Colloguy\/ Dispu-tation of (1540-1541)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u1ed9i Lu\u1eadn Ni\u1ec1m Tin Worm, 1540-1541&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u1eafn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Worms do Johann Eck (1486-1543) thay m\u1eb7t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u00e0 Philip Malanchthon (1497-1560) thay m\u1eb7t Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n chung cho c\u1ea3 2 kh\u1ed1i. Sau c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn chung m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u201ct\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7\u201d (&lt;em&gt;orginal sin&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do \u00f4ng Adam-Eva \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m. Do t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi trong h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft thay c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worm-colloguy-dispu-tation-of-1540-1541\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worm-colloguy-dispu-tation-of-1540-1541\/\" >Worm, Colloguy\/ Dispu-tation of (1540-1541)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Worms, Concordat of (1122)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;H\u00f2a \u01af\u1edbc Worms, 1122&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t h\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t sau khi tranh lu\u1eadn khe kh\u1eafc. Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Callistus II (GHCGLM) v\u00e0 vua Henry V (GHAQ) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1eed m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c cho gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nh\u00e0 vua, xem nh\u00e0 vua nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn. Nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0a gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean qu\u1ed1c quy\u1ec1n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd trong Th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worms-concordat-of-1122\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worms-concordat-of-1122\/\" >Worms, Concordat of (1122)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Worms, Diet of (1521)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o L\u1ec7nh 1521&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c trong Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ed1 Worms 1521, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c M. Luther (1483-1546) quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, M. Luther \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Here I stand, I can do no other! God helps me&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (v\u1edbi tr\u00ean tay c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh). V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, Luther \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t, gi\u1ea5u m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m \u1edf l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i Wartburg.\u00a0 N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh ra ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worms-diet-of-1521\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worms-diet-of-1521\/\" >Worms, Diet of (1521)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Worms, Synod of (1076)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Qu\u1ed1c Ngh\u1ecb Worms&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp b\u1edfi Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Henry IV \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 v\u1edbi Anh Qu\u1ed1c. Cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gregory VII v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Anh b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worms-synod-of-1076\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worms-synod-of-1076\/\" >Worms, Synod of (1076)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Worship&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ed5 &lt;em&gt;weorthscipe&lt;\/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;worth-ship&lt;\/em&gt;) (tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 - b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3). Khi gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00ec mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong Kinh C\u01af, s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00eau c\u1ea7u danh Ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ee9c Adonai. (&lt;em&gt;Yahveh&lt;\/em&gt;). M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 k\u00e8m theo\u2026 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201cworth-ship\u201d\u2026 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5. H\u00e3y xem l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Cain v\u00e0 Ab\u00ean, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a N\u00f4-\u00ea, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Abram. H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean khi t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0110CT. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong \u00fd n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb t\u00f4n th\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0110CT. T\u1eeb Heb-r\u01a1, &lt;strong&gt;\u05de\u05b4\u05e0\u05b0\u05d7\u05b8\u05ea\u0596\u05d5\u05b9, (&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;min-hat..) &lt;\/em&gt;(d\u00e2ng), &lt;strong&gt;\u05de\u05b4\u05d6\u05b0\u05d1\u05b5\u05bc\u0599\u05d7\u05b7\u0599&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/biblehub.com\/hebrew\/mizbeach_4196.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;miz-b\u00ea-a\u1e25&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;) (l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng), &lt;strong&gt;\u05d5\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05bc\u05e7\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u0596\u05d0 &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/biblehub.com\/hebrew\/vaiyikra_7121.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;way-yiq-r\u0101&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;em&gt;) &lt;\/em&gt;(c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n danh\u2026) (S\u00e1ng 12:8). Trong tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a T\u01af, trong s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao g\u1ed3m ca ng\u1ee3i, t\u00f4n th\u1edd, t\u1ea1 \u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i cao qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9. Th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00f4n th\u1edd, th\u1edd k\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea5ng Linh Thi\u00eang. C\u00f2n khi Crist- nh\u00e2n (&lt;em&gt;Christian&lt;\/em&gt;) th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa, l\u00e0 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u2013 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi Ba Ng\u00f4i trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n ng\u1ee3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus Christ b\u1edfi quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh. Th\u1ef1c ra, trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i sinh linh, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n th\u1edd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt \u201c&lt;em&gt;t\u1ed1i linh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d nh\u01b0 Kh\u1ed5ng Phu T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201c&lt;em&gt;Thi\u00ean sinh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt duy nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1i linh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d, v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o qua to\u00e0n t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u KT \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p \u1edf Gi\u0103ng 4:24: \u201c\u2026 &lt;em&gt;ai th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt m\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1ea1y&lt;\/em&gt;.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng tay kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a C\u01af, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5, t\u1eeb t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf\u2026 l\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u2026 (II Cor 9: 6-15. Ma-la-chi 1; 2; 3:9-10). (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Temple)&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worship\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worship\/\" >Worship<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Worship Source&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ngu\u1ed3n T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Th\u1edd Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worship-source\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worship-source\/\" >Worship Source<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Worship, Theology of&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ecdc T\u00f4n Th\u1edd&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd, ng\u1ee3i khen v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. T\u00f4n th\u1edd l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng, \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i thu\u1eadn ph\u1ee5c \u00a0trong s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Linh, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u vinh danh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4n th\u1edd. S\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 Th\u00e1nh Kinh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf t\u00ecm \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai kh\u00e1c. C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadt b\u1edfi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd hai l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi \u1edf Gi\u0103ng 4:24, \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n, n\u00ean ai &lt;strong&gt;th\u1edd l\u1ea1y&lt;\/strong&gt; Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y &lt;strong&gt;t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n&lt;\/strong&gt; v\u00e0 &lt;strong&gt;l\u1ebd th\u1eadt&lt;\/strong&gt; m\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1ea1y,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a S\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed3 Phao-l\u00f4, \u1edf R\u00f4-ma 12:1, \u201c&lt;em&gt;V\u1eady, h\u1ee1i anh em, t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi khuy\u00ean anh em &lt;strong&gt;d\u00e2ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3&lt;\/strong&gt; m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a &lt;strong&gt;l\u1ec5 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh&lt;\/strong&gt;, \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 &lt;strong&gt;th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng&lt;\/strong&gt; ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a anh em.\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;C\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u do Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y, nghi\u00ean h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, si\u00eau th\u1ef1c trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y: \u201c&lt;em&gt;ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i h\u1ebft \u00fd c\u00e2u n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u201c&lt;em&gt;con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh kinh&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00f2n c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Phao-l\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u1ed1ng. Xin ph\u00e9p d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u KT tr\u00ean s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng &lt;strong&gt;ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd &lt;\/strong&gt;c\u1ee7a anh em&lt;strong&gt;,\u201d&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;\/em&gt;c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi Hy-v\u0103n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng &lt;strong&gt;c\u0103n b\u1ea3n &lt;\/strong&gt;c\u1ee7a anh em&lt;strong&gt;,\u201d &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;V\u00ec, khi m\u1ed9t ai, ngay sau khi tin Ch\u00faa, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt,&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;d\u00e2ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;,\u201d m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd\u201d&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; th\u00ec e kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00edn h\u1eefu th\u1eadt, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u, \u201cc&lt;strong&gt;\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a anh em.\u201d &lt;\/strong&gt;Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec ch\u1ed7 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng Ch\u00faa; th\u1ebf n\u00ean, con d\u00e2n Ch\u00faa c\u00f2n c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng, h\u1ebft \u00fd, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c, h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng\u2026 m\u00e0 k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa,\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa (Lu-ca 10:27). \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.&lt;br \/&gt;\nC\u1ea3 2 c\u00e2u bao g\u1ed3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a C\u01af v\u00e0 T\u01af nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worship-theology-of\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/worship-theology-of\/\" >Worship, Theology of<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wrath of God&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C\u01a1n Th\u1ecbnh N\u1ed9 C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u00e1ng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t tr\u00ean d\u00e2n It-ra-\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Wrath of God&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn l\u1edbn hay l\u00e0 c\u01a1n th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi trong ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n \u00e1n chung cu\u1ed9c trong h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, h\u1ed3 l\u1eeda \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ng\u00e0i (Gi\u0103ng 3:36, 16; Rom.1:9, 3:23, 6:23).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wrath-of-god\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wrath-of-god\/\" >Wrath of God<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wurttemberg, Confession (1552)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin \u1edf Wurttemgberg, \u0110\u1ee9c, 1552&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 35 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n, bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi Johann Brenz (1449-1570) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00f9a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Tin L\u00e0nh (C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh) g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn cho Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u1ecb Trent (1552) do Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp. B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean X\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tin Wurttemberg \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Lutheran l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho B\u1ea3n T\u00edn \u0110i\u1ec1u 39 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1563 v\u00e0 cho to\u00e0n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh sau n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ebfn nay b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u01b0u chi\u1ebfu tham kh\u1ea3o.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wurttemberg-confession-1552\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wurttemberg-confession-1552\/\" >Wurttemberg, Confession (1552)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Wycliffe Bible (c.1384)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch Th\u00e1nh Kinh Wycliffe, 1384&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng Anh Ng\u1eef, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a John Wycliff (1330-1384) v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c Nicholas Hereford v\u00e0 John Purvey. Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y sau khi d\u1ecbch xong r\u1ed3i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n tay nhau \u0111\u1ecdc \u201cth\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n\u201d (&lt;em&gt;b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay - manuscript form&lt;\/em&gt;). B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n La-tin Vulgate c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Anh Ng\u1eef, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng cho B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch KT c\u1ee7a W. Tyndale (T\u01af, 1525) sau n\u00e0y.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wycliffe-bible-c-1384\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/wycliffe-bible-c-1384\/\" >Wycliffe Bible (c.1384)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-y mix\" data-filter-base=\"y\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">Y<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Yahveh&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;strong&gt;\u05d0\u05b6\u05bd\u05d4\u05b0\u05d9\u05b6\u0596\u05d4&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; (\u2018eh-yeh) \u0110\u1ee9c Gia-v\u00ea, \/\/ Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;L\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi khi M\u00f4i-se \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n b\u1ee5i gai ch\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0n (Xu\u1ea5t 3:14). \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi b\u1ea3o M\u00f4i-se \u0111i v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 d\u00e2n H\u00eab-r\u01a1 ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 (Ai-c\u1eadp) kho\u1ea3ng 1600 BC. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi ra \u0111i, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p Ch\u00faa \u1edf b\u1ee5i gai ch\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0n, M\u00f4i-se h\u1ecfi t\u00ean Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p: \u201c&lt;strong&gt;\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d4&lt;\/strong&gt; -YHWH\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Yeh-vah&lt;\/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;Ta L\u00e0, hay Ta L\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ef1 H\u1eefu, H\u1eb1ng H\u1eefu) &lt;\/em&gt;(Xu\u1ea5t 3:14). (C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u00e1t \u00e2m l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Ye-va&lt;\/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Yaweh&lt;\/em&gt;). T\u1eeb n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 4 ch\u1eef ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m YHWH, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 Jehovah (&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va&lt;\/em&gt;) t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 15&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch quy\u1ec3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh King James 1611. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho \u0111\u00fang. H\u1ecd d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201c&lt;em&gt;Adonai&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (Ch\u00faa) m\u00e0 d\u00e2n H\u00eab-r\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc khi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i t\u00ean Ch\u00faa vi\u1ebft \u201c\u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b9\u05d4\u05b4\u0591\u05d9\u05dd - &lt;em&gt;Elohim.&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d Khi l\u1eafp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m tr\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u201cJehovah.\u201d T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u01b0u d\u00f9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch sau n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng trong gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt;, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i cho hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i l\u00e0: \u201cYahveh\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Gia-v\u00ea&lt;\/em&gt;) trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa K\u1ef3. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Revised Standard Version, RSV (1973), New Interna-tional Version, NIV (1985) d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i ra l\u00e0 LORD (4 ch\u1eef hoa). Ri\u00eang Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cTa L\u00e0\u201d (&lt;em&gt;Ta l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Ta L\u00e0)&lt;\/em&gt; ho\u1eb7c \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ta c\u00f3 sao Ta c\u00f3 v\u1eady&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cYa-v\u00ea Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d (LM. Ng. T. Thu\u1ea5n, 1975), c\u00f2n B\u1ea3n Kinh Ph\u1ee5ng V\u1ee5 (1998) d\u1ecbch l\u00e0, \u201cTa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu\u201d v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ee8C CH\u00daA l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.\u201d C\u00f2n b\u1ea3n Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin L\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ta l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ef1 H\u1eefu H\u1eb1ng H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (1926, BTT) v\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va, &lt;\/em&gt;khi g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt; gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh. V\u00e0i b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch VN m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y sau n\u0103m 2000 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 CH\u00daA (l\u00ean hoa 4 ch\u1eef). Ri\u00eang B\u1ea3n Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng Hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u00ednh 2011 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef theo c\u00e1ch phi\u00ean \u00e2m Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va nh\u01b0 c\u0169. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch (2017) MSTS. Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1ea3nh, d\u1ecbch 4 ch\u1eef YHVH l\u00e0 \u201cTA L\u00c0 \u0110\u1ea4NG GI\u00ca-VA\u201d, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cGi\u00ea-va \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi.\u201d N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, danh t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u201c&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;YHWH&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt;\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb chung x\u01b0a nay, v\u1edbi danh g\u1ecdi: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jehovah - Yahweh - Gia-v\u00ea&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;\u2013 CH\u00daA \u2013 Gi\u00ea-va&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/strong&gt; l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i. Cho d\u00f9 g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201cYHWH\u201d kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t, \u201c&lt;em&gt;Ta l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ef1 H\u1eefu&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;H\u1eb1ng H\u1eefu,\u201d \u201cTa L\u00e0,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u201c&lt;em&gt;\u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ef1 H\u1eefu V\u0129nh H\u1eb1ng&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d v\u00e0 trong b\u1ea3n Anh ng\u1eef, \u201c&lt;em&gt;I AM THAT I AM&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (KJV), \u201c&lt;em&gt;I AM WHO I AM\u201d&lt;\/em&gt; (RSV, NIV and others). Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb \u201cGia-v\u00ea\u201d ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.\u00a0 Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ed5i sang Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi tr\u1ed5ng l\u00e0 &lt;em&gt;Gia-v\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/em&gt; (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ean) m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gia-v\u00ea, hay &lt;strong&gt;\u0110\u1ee9c Gia-v\u00ea Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi&lt;\/strong&gt; (# &lt;strong&gt;Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa&lt;\/strong&gt;), th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang theo \u00a0v\u0103n phong Vi\u1ec7t Nam. &lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt;\u00a0 &lt;strong&gt;God &amp; The Name of God&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/yahveh\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/yahveh\/\" >Yahveh<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Yahwist&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u00f3m H\u1ecdc Gi\u1ea3 Yahwist&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u0103n, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Yahweh. K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c, khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 10&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;\/sup&gt; BC, trong nh\u1eefng k\u00fd thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. C\u00f3 th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n theo ngu\u1ed3n J (J &amp; Y source), ho\u1eb7c D (&lt;em&gt;Deu-teronomy&lt;\/em&gt;), ho\u1eb7c E \u00a0(&lt;em&gt;Elohist&lt;\/em&gt;) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Ng\u0169 Kinh (&lt;em&gt;Pentateuch&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi th\u00eam trong l\u00e0ng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/yahwist\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/yahwist\/\" >Yahwist<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Yew Sunday&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt L\u1ec5 L\u00e1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt L\u1ec5 L\u00e1 (Psalm Sunday), v\u00ec t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng L\u1ec5 \u201cYew\u201d (&lt;em&gt;L\u00e1 D\u1ee9a, \/\/ K\u00e8o&lt;\/em&gt;), thay v\u00ec \u201cPsalm\u201d (&lt;em&gt;L\u00e1 Ch\u00e0 L\u00e0&lt;\/em&gt;) trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 trong c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ch\u00ednh Th\u1ed1ng hay C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3 trong Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 Trung C\u1ed5.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/yew-sunday\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/yew-sunday\/\" >Yew Sunday<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Yom&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;\u05d9\u0594\u05d5\u05b9\u05dd &lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;yom - Ng\u00e0y&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Khi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, trong s\u00e1u (6) ng\u00e0y (&lt;em&gt;yom&lt;\/em&gt;), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 TK hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho \u201c&lt;em&gt;yom\u201d &lt;\/em&gt;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 TK b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng, ng\u00e0y (&lt;em&gt;yom&lt;\/em&gt;) ch\u1ec9 trong 24 gi\u1edd, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi TK \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p: \u201c&lt;em&gt;V\u1eady bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u qua, bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d (&lt;em&gt;TG&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i&lt;\/em&gt;, S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf 1:5). R\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u201cng\u00e0y\u201d th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ee9 ba.v.v\u2026 N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/yom\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/yom\/\" >Yom<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Yom Kippur&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Ch\u1ebft Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i Thay&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Chu\u1ed9c T\u1ed9i (&lt;strong&gt;Atonement&lt;\/strong&gt;). (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam m\u1ee5c&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Day of Atonement&lt;\/strong&gt;)&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/yom-kippur\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/yom-kippur\/\" >Yom Kippur<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"wpg-list-block wpg-filter-z mix\" data-filter-base=\"z\"><h3 class=\"wpg-list-block-heading\">Z<\/h3><ul class=\"wpg-list-items\"><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Zealot&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nhi\u1ec7t T\u00e2m&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Aram&lt;em&gt; qan\u2019ana&lt;\/em&gt; v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p &lt;em&gt;z\u00e8l\u00f2tes&lt;\/em&gt; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec hay cho qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Do Th\u00e1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m y\u00eau qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (\u00cdt-ra-\u00ean \u2013 Do Th\u00e1i) v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u00f5i x\u1ee9 Pa-les-tine kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c La-m\u00e3 (AD 66-70). Trong Kinh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc v\u00e0i m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus c\u0169ng tham gia trong nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 Giu-\u0111a \u00cdch-ca-ri-\u1ed1t (M\u00e1c 3:18; Lu-ca 6:15). Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa trong Kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zealot\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zealot\/\" >Zealot<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Zion&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;T\u00ean Ng\u1ecdn N\u00fai Zion, Th\u00e0nh Ki\u00ean C\u1ed1&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;T\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00eab-r\u01a1 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c&lt;em&gt;fortress,&lt;\/em&gt;\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong kinh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc cho n\u00fai v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Jerusalem. Trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ea3 T\u00e2n l\u1eabn C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, m\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Zion, l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi n\u01a1i Ch\u00faa ng\u1ef1 (I Sam. 60:14; Heb.12:22; Khai 14:1). N\u00f3i chung, trong C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, danh x\u01b0ng Zion bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho n\u00fai th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110CT l\u00e0 n\u01a1i vinh quang v\u0129nh ph\u01b0\u1edbc.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zion\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zion\/\" >Zion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Zionism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ch\u1ee7 Thuy\u1ebft Zion&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eafm th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Do Th\u00e1i v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t Palestine, n\u01a1i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, n\u01a1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a m\u00e0 \u0110CT \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a ban cho Ab-ram, t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-Th\u00e1i. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng qua M\u00f4i-se, m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed oai h\u00f9ng qua Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf \u0110a-v\u00edt, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng kim v\u1edbi v\u1ecb vua kh\u00f4n ngoan t\u1ed9t b\u1eadt Sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n m\u00e0 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m s\u1eed s\u00e1ch sau v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u01b0 \u00e2m. Ti\u1ebfc qu\u00e1 \u201cm\u1ed9t th\u1eddi vang b\u00f3ng\u201d \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n La-m\u00e3 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 70 AD.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zionism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zionism\/\" >Zionism<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Zionism, Christian&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Zion C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o, t\u1eeb tr\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i s\u1ebd h\u1ecdp t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp qu\u1ed7 gia tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ch\u00faa C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf Jesus tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (&lt;em&gt;premillenialism&lt;\/em&gt;). V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai thu\u1ed9c ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u00ean c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1i l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 1948.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zionism-christian\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zionism-christian\/\" >Zionism, Christian<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Zurich Agreement (1549)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Zurich Agreement&lt;\/strong&gt; (1549)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Ti\u1ebfng La-tin &lt;em&gt;Consensus Tigurinus&lt;\/em&gt;, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa John Calvin (1509-1564) v\u00e0 Heindrich Bullinger (1504-1575) th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn x\u00e1c t\u00edn v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n thi\u00eang li\u00eang (spiritual precence) c\u1ee7a C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa Jesus trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh do quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1i C\u1ea3i C\u00e1ch N\u01b0\u1edbc Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129 trong Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zurich-agreement-1549\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zurich-agreement-1549\/\" >Zurich Agreement (1549)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Zwickau Prophets&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nh\u1eefng Ti\u00ean Tri Zwickau&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 anh em trong nh\u00f3m Anabaptists (&lt;em&gt;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e1p-tem L\u1ea1i)&lt;\/em&gt;, b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00f3m Zwickau v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Wittenburg, \u0110\u1ee9c (1521). H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Sau C\u00f9ng (&lt;em&gt;eschatology&lt;\/em&gt;), t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m L\u1ec5 B\u00e1p-tem cho tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 T\u00e2n Gi\u00e1o (&lt;em&gt;C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh&lt;\/em&gt;). H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi Wittenburg n\u0103m 1552 \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng H\u00f2a Lan.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zwickau-prophets\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zwickau-prophets\/\" >Zwickau Prophets<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Zwingli, Huldrych (1484-1531)&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Zwingli, Huldrych&lt;\/strong&gt; (1484-1531)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Martin Luther. Zwingli sinh v\u00e0o 1\/1\/1484\u00a0 t\u1ea1i Swiss\u00a0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Kapple, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 11\/10\/1531 (47 tu\u1ed5i), trong tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m theo Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh, d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee1i g\u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (Catholics). N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i Luther, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, th\u00ec Zwingli l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Swiss. N\u1ebfu n\u1ebfu Luther, C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh (ch\u1ec9 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i GH C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o La-m\u00e3), th\u00ec Zwingli l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1eefa hai v\u1ecb c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng (\u0111i\u1ec3m then th\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0, \u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Th\u00e1nh Kinh, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0110CT -&lt;em&gt;sola scriptura&lt;\/em&gt;), nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1edfi m\u1edf, Luther tin v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, Swingli tin v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Zwingli ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (&lt;em&gt;symbolism&lt;\/em&gt;), c\u00f2n Luther l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt khi d\u1ef1 b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u nho. C\u0169ng v\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 2 v\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p\u00a0 nhau m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u1edf Marburg \u0111\u1ec3 dung ho\u00e0, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0 cho m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zwingli-huldrych-1484-1531\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zwingli-huldrych-1484-1531\/\" >Zwingli, Huldrych (1484-1531)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"wpg-list-item\"><a class=\"wpg-list-item-title wpg-tooltip\" title=\"&lt;h3 class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-title&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-term-title&quot;&gt;Zwinglianism&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;wpg-tooltip-content&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gi\u00e1o Thuy\u1ebft Zwingli&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u00dd th\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai theo Nh\u00e0 C\u1ea3i Ch\u00e1nh H. Zwingli (1484-1531) n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 \u1edf \u00c2u-Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. V\u1ec1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, L: kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft thay \u0111\u1ed5i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. V\u1ec1 t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u &amp; \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, L: trong khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a CG La-m\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin, S: ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n trung t\u00edn v\u00e0o ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3. V\u1ec1 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh, L: bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt (&lt;em&gt;transubstan-tiation)&lt;\/em&gt;. S: hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt (&lt;em&gt;consubstantiation)&lt;\/em&gt;, v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft Ch\u00faa trong L\u1ec5 Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m theo Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a t\u00edn h\u1eefu (&lt;em&gt;C\u1ee9u Ch\u00faa H\u1eefu - Christian&lt;\/em&gt;) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng Christ. Ti\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n (c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi cho nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (&lt;em&gt;symbolism&lt;\/em&gt;). \u00c2n \u0110i\u1ec3n C\u1ee9u R\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Jesus b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (&lt;em&gt;Xem th\u00eam&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;The&lt;\/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Lord\u2019s Supper)&lt;\/strong&gt;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;wpg-read-more&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zwinglianism\/&quot;&gt;Xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7...&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/dictionary\/zwinglianism\/\" >Zwinglianism<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpg-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14843d7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"14843d7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_3549\" class=\"pvc_stats total_only  \" data-element-id=\"3549\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2"}],"version-history":[{"count":61,"href":"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3566,"href":"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2\/revisions\/3566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vietchurch.net\/tu-dien-than-hoc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}